Статті в журналах з теми "Oxalic acid – Metabolism; Rumen – Microbiology"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Oxalic acid – Metabolism; Rumen – Microbiology.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Oxalic acid – Metabolism; Rumen – Microbiology".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Mäkelä, Miia R., Kristiina Hildén, Annele Hatakka, and Taina K. Lundell. "Oxalate decarboxylase of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens demonstrates a novel enzyme primary structure and non-induced expression on wood and in liquid cultures." Microbiology 155, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 2726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.028860-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oxalate decarboxylase (ODC) catalyses the conversion of oxalic acid to formic acid and CO2 in bacteria and fungi. In wood-decaying fungi the enzyme has been linked to the regulation of intra- and extracellular quantities of oxalic acid, which is one of the key components in biological decomposition of wood. ODC enzymes are biotechnologically interesting for their potential in diagnostics, agriculture and environmental applications, e.g. removal of oxalic acid from industrial wastewaters. We identified a novel ODC in mycelial extracts of two wild-type isolates of Dichomitus squalens, and cloned the corresponding Ds-odc gene. The primary structure of the Ds-ODC protein contains two conserved Mn-binding cupin motifs, but at the N-terminus, a unique, approximately 60 aa alanine-serine-rich region is found. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed gene expression when the fungus was cultivated on wood and in liquid medium. However, addition of oxalic acid in liquid cultures caused no increase in transcript amounts, thereby indicating a constitutive rather than inducible expression of Ds-odc. The detected stimulation of ODC activity by oxalic acid is more likely due to enzyme activation than to transcriptional upregulation of the Ds-odc gene. Our results support involvement of ODC in primary rather than secondary metabolism in fungi.
2
Guo, Yanxia, Faiz-ul Hassan, Mengwei Li, Huade Xie, Lijuan Peng, Zhenhua Tang, and Chengjian Yang. "Effect of Sodium Nitrate and Cysteamine on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Amino Acid Metabolism and Microbiota in Buffalo." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nitrate is used as a methane inhibitor while cysteamine is considered as a growth promoter in ruminants. The present study evaluated the effect of sodium nitrate and cysteamine on methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, amino acid (AA) metabolism, and rumen microbiota in a low protein diet. Four treatments containing a 0.5 g of substrate were supplemented with 1 mg/mL sodium nitrate (SN), 100 ppm cysteamine hydrochloride (CS), and a combination of SN 1 mg/mL and CS 100 ppm (CS+SN), and a control (no additive) were applied in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group had five replicates. Two experimental runs using in vitro batch culture technique were performed for two consecutive weeks. Total gas and CH4 production were measured in each fermentation bottle at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation. The results showed that SN and CS+SN reduced the production of total gas and CH4, increased the rumen pH, acetate, acetate to propionate ratio (A/P), and microbial protein (MCP) contents (p < 0.05), but decreased other volatile fatty acids (VFA) and total VFA (p = 0.001). The CS had no effect on CH4 production and rumen fermentation parameters except for increasing A/P. The CSN increased the populations of total bacteria, fungi, and methanogens but decreased the diversity and richness of rumen microorganisms. In conclusion, CS+SN exhibited a positive effect on rumen fermentation by increasing the number of fiber degrading and hydrogen-utilizing bacteria, with a desirable impact on rumen fermentation while reducing total gas and CH4 production.
3
Appanna, Vasu D., Robert D. Hamel, and Remi L�vasseur. "The Metabolism of Aluminum Citrate and Biosynthesis of Oxalic Acid in Pseudomonas fluorescens." Current Microbiology 47, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3944-x.
Повний текст джерела
4
Annison, E. F., and W. L. Bryden. "Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism I. Metabolism in the Rumen." Nutrition Research Reviews 11, no. 2 (December 1998): 173–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr19980014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAdvances in knowledge of ruminant nutrition and metabolism during the second half of the twentieth century have been reviewed. Part I is concerned with metabolism in the rumen: Part II discusses utilization of nutrients absorbed from the rumen and lower tract to support growth and reproduction. The time frame was prompted by the crucial advances in ruminant physiology which arose from the work of Sir Jospeh Barcroft and his colleagues at Cambridge in the 1940s and 50s, and by the brilliant studies of Robert Hungate on rumen microbiology at much the same time.In reviewing the growth of knowledge of the role of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and bacteriophages in the rumen, outstanding developments have included the identification and characterization of fungi and the recognition that the utilization of polysaccharides in the rumen is accomplished by the sequential activities of consortia of rumen microorganisms. The role of protozoa is discussed in relation to the long standing debate on whether or not the removal of protozoa (defaunation) improves the efficiency of ruminant production. In relation to nitrogen (N) metabolism, the predation of bacteria by protozoa increases protein turnover in the rumen and reduces the efficiency of microbial protein production. This may account for the beneficial effects of defaunation where dietary N intakes are low and possibly rate limiting for growth and production.Current approaches to the measurement of rates of production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the rumen based on the mathematical modelling of isotope dilution data are outlined. The absorption of SCFA from the rumen and hindgut is primarily a passive permeation process.The role of microorganisms in N metabolism in the rumen has been discussed in relation to ammonia and urea interrelationships and to current inadequacies in the measurement of both protein degradation in the rumen and microbial protein synthesis. The growth of knowledge of digestion and absorption of dietary lipids has been reviewed with emphasis on the antimicrobial activity of lipids and the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. The protection of unsaturated dietary fats from ruminal biohydrogenation is an approach to the manipulation of the fatty acid composition of meat and dairy products.Discussion of the production of toxins in the rumen and the role of microorganisms in detoxification has focused on the metabolism of oxalate, nitrate, mycotoxins, saponins and the amino acid mimosine. Mimosine occurs in the tropical shrub leucaena, which is toxic to cattle in Australia but not in Hawaii. Tolerance to leucaena stems from the presence of a bacterium found in the rumen of Hawaiian cattle, which when transferred to Australian cattle survives and confers protection from mimosine. The genetic modification of rumen microorganisms to improve their capacity to ultilize nutrients or to detoxify antinutritive factors is an attractive strategy which has been pursued with outstanding success in the case of fluoroacetate. A common rumen bacterium has been genetically modified to express the enzyme fluoroacetate dehalogenase. The modified organism has been shown to survive in the rumen at metabolically significant levels and to confer substantial protection from fluoroacetate poisoning.
5
Hassan, Faiz-ul, Yanxia Guo, Mengwei Li, Zhenhua Tang, Lijuan Peng, Xin Liang, and Chengjian Yang. "Effect of Methionine Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota, Fermentation, and Amino Acid Metabolism in In Vitro Cultures Containing Nitrate." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081717.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study evaluated the effect of methionine on in vitro methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, amino acid (AA) metabolism, and rumen microbiota in a low protein diet. We evaluated three levels of methionine (M0, 0%; M1, 0.28%; and M2, 1.12%) of in the presence of sodium nitrate (1%) in a diet containing elephant grass (90%) and concentrate (10%). We used an in vitro batch culture technique by using rumen fluid from cannulated buffaloes. Total gas and CH4 production were measured in each fermentation bottle at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 h of incubation. Results revealed that M0 decreased (p < 0.001) the total gas and CH4 production, but methionine exhibited no effect on these parameters. M0 decreased (p < 0.05) the individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), while increasing (p < 0.05) the ruminal pH, acetate to propionate ratio, and microbial protein content. Methionine did not affect ruminal AA contents except asparagine, which substantially increased (p = 0.003). M2 increased the protozoa counts, but both M0 and M1 decreased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Firmicutes while increasing (p < 0.05) the Campilobacterota and Proteobacteria. However, Prevotella and γ-Proteobacteria were identified as biomarkers in the nitrate group. Our findings indicate that methionine can increase ruminal asparagine content and the population of Compylobactor.
6
Karekar, Supriya, Renan Stefanini, and Birgitte Ahring. "Homo-Acetogens: Their Metabolism and Competitive Relationship with Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020397.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Homo-acetogens are microbes that have the ability to grow on gaseous substrates such as H2/CO2/CO and produce acetic acid as the main product of their metabolism through a metabolic process called reductive acetogenesis. These acetogens are dispersed in nature and are found to grow in various biotopes on land, water and sediments. They are also commonly found in the gastro-intestinal track of herbivores that rely on a symbiotic relationship with microbes in order to breakdown lignocellulosic biomass to provide the animal with nutrients and energy. For this motive, the fermentation scheme that occurs in the rumen has been described equivalent to a consolidated bioprocessing fermentation for the production of bioproducts derived from livestock. This paper reviews current knowledge of homo-acetogenesis and its potential to improve efficiency in the rumen for production of bioproducts by replacing methanogens, the principal H2-scavengers in the rumen, thus serving as a form of carbon sink by deviating the formation of methane into bioproducts. In this review, we discuss the main strategies employed by the livestock industry to achieve methanogenesis inhibition, and also explore homo-acetogenic microorganisms and evaluate the members for potential traits and characteristics that may favor competitive advantage over methanogenesis, making them prospective candidates for competing with methanogens in ruminant animals.
7
El-Waziry, Ahmed M., and Ryoji Onodera. "In Vitro Metabolism of the Stereoisomers of 2,6-Diaminopimelic Acid by Mixed Rumen Protozoa and Bacteria." Current Microbiology 33, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900119.
Повний текст джерела
8
Huang, Guangping, Sixin Zhang, Chunxue Zhou, Xiaoli Tang, Chao Li, Chaoyue Wang, Xinming Tang, et al. "Influence ofEimeria falciformisInfection on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Pathways in Mice." Infection and Immunity 86, no. 5 (February 12, 2018): e00073-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00073-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTCoccidiosis, caused by different species ofEimeriaparasites, is an economically important disease of poultry and livestock worldwide. Here we report previously unknown alterations in the gut microbes and metabolism of BALB/c mice infected withEimeria falciformis. Specifically, we observed a significant shift in the abundance of cecal bacteria and disrupted metabolism in parasitized animals. The relative abundances ofLachnospiraceaebacterium NK4A136,Ruminiclostridium,Alistipes, andLactobacillusdeclined in response toE. falciformisinfection, whereasEscherichia,Shigella,Helicobacter,Klebsiella, andBacteroideswere increased. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolites in the serum samples of infected mice were significantly altered compared to naïve controls. Levels of amino acids, including asparagine, histidine,l-cysteine, tryptophan, lysine, glycine, serine, alanine, proline, ornithine, methionine, and valine, decreased on day 7 postinfection before returning to baseline on day 14. In addition, increased levels of indolelactate and mannitol and a reduced amount of oxalic acid indicated impaired carbon metabolism upon parasitic infection. These data demonstrate that intestinal coccidial infection perturbs the microbiota and disrupts carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
9
Cancino-Padilla, Nathaly, Natalia Catalán, Karen Siu-Ting, Christopher J. Creevey, Sharon A. Huws, Jaime Romero, and Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. "Long-Term Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on the Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dietary lipids increase energy density in dairy cow diets and in some cases can increase beneficial fatty acids (FA) in milk and dairy products. However, the degree of FA saturation may affect the rumen microbiome. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) or unsaturated (olive oil; OO) fatty acid (FA) sources on the rumen microbiome of dairy cows. For 63 days, 15 mid-lactating cows were fed with either a basal diet (no fat supplement), or the basal diet supplemented with 3% dry matter (DM), either HVO or OO. Rumen contents were collected on days 21, 42 and 63 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results reveal dominance of the phyla Firmicutes (71.5%) and Bacteroidetes (26.2%), and their respective prevalent genera Succiniclasticum (19.4%) and Prevotella (16.6%). Succiniclasticum increased with both treatments at all time points. Prevotella was reduced on day 42 in both diets. Bacterial diversity alpha or beta were not affected by diets. Predicted bacterial functions by CowPI showed changes in energy and protein metabolism. Overall, 3% DM of lipid supplementation over 63 days can be used in dairy cow diets without major impacts on global bacterial community structure.
10
Morrison, M., R. M. Murray, and A. N. Boniface. "Nutrient metabolism and rumen micro-organisms in sheep fed a poor-quality tropical grass hay supplemented with sulphate." Journal of Agricultural Science 115, no. 2 (October 1990): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600075237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYA feeding trial was performed during 1986, in Townsville, Australia, to describe alterations in nutrient metabolism, and the coincident gross changes in rumen microbiology, when a sulphurdeficient diet was supplemented with inorganic sulphur. Eight Merino sheep were fedad libituma spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) hay of low sulphur content (0·4 g/kg DM), supplemented with all other essential minerals. Upon supplementation, daily sulphur intake was increased toc.0·75 g and four animals continued to be fedad libitum(group A) whilst the remaining animals were restricted in feed intake (group B). Sulphur supplementation caused a twofold increase in the feed intake of group A (P< 0·05). In both groups of animals, sulphur supplementation increased the fermentation of cotton thread cellulose (P< 0·05), as well as of ground plant dry matter (P< 0·05), suspended in the rumen in nylon bags for 24 and 48 h. The apparent digestibility of organic matter (AOMD) was also increased by sulphur supplementation; from 30·6 to 39·3% in group A (P< 0·05) and from 35·1 to 41·5% in group B (P> 0·05). The difference in AOMD between groups with sulphur supplementation was not significant, despite group B maintaining a longer retention of fluid digesta in the rumen (20·7 v. 25·3 h) with a significantly lowered rumen volume (4·68 v 3·67 litres,P< 0·05) and outflow of fluid digesta from this site (5·31 v 3·58 litres/day,P< 0·05). Sulphur supplementation increased the molar proportion of acetic acid in rumen fluid (P< 0·05) but lowered propionic and butyric acids in group A (P< 0·05). Only the molar proportion of propionic acid in rumen fluid was significantly lowered in group B (P< 0·05). In both groups of animals, counts of fluid-borne rumen bacteria, protozoa and sporangia of rumen anaerobic fungi (RAF) all increased significantly with sulphur supplementation (P< 0·05 in all instances), but no significant differences were observed between groups in microbial counts, despite the different feeding regimes. The increase in sporangial forms of RAF was most marked; no sporangial forms were detectable until the diet was supplemented with sulphate and measurable concentrations of rumen sulphide were observed. This is the first account of nondetectable concentrations of RAF brought about by the nutritional status of the diet.
11
Luo, J., C. S. Ranadheera, S. King, C. A. Evans, and S. K. Baines. "Potential influence of dairy propionibacteria on the growth and acid metabolism of Streptococcus bovis and Megasphaera elsdenii." Beneficial Microbes 8, no. 1 (February 7, 2017): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2016.0044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ruminal acidosis is a prevalent disorder among dairy cows and feedlot cattle, which can significantly impair their health and productivity. This study, involving seven different strains of dairy propionibacteria, represents an in vitro investigation of the feasibility of using these organisms as direct-fed microbials to control lactic acid acumulation in the rumen. Interactions between the propionibacteria, Streptococcus bovis and Megasphaera elsdenii were evaluated in terms of effects on lactic, acetic and propionic acid metabolism, following co-incubation. Spot resistance tests showed slight but varying degrees of growth inhibition by S. bovis among the propionibacteria, while no inhibition was observed between M. elsdenii and the different strains of dairy propionibacteria. In the co-culture experiments comprising S. bovis in nutrient broth, significant differences in pH and the levels of production of lactic, acetic and propionic acid, were observed between treatments following inoculation with various propionibacteria and/or M. elsdenii. In general, lactic acid concentrations at the end of the incubation were significantly lower in the cultures containing propionibacteria compared with cultures comprising either S. bovis only or S. bovis + M. elsdenii, although efficacy of lactate metabolism varied between species and strains. Moreover,the accumulation of acetic and propionic acid in the combined cultures, but not in the solo S. bovis culture, indicated that these compounds were produced as a result of the metabolism of lactic acid by the propionibacteria and M. elsdenii.
12
ELLIS, J. L., J. DIJKSTRA, E. KEBREAB, A. BANNINK, N. E. ODONGO, B. W. McBRIDE, and J. FRANCE. "Aspects of rumen microbiology central to mechanistic modelling of methane production in cattle." Journal of Agricultural Science 146, no. 2 (March 26, 2008): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608007752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYMethane, in addition to being a significant source of energy loss to the animal that can range from 0·02 to 0·12 of gross energy intake, is one of the major greenhouse gases being targeted for reduction by the Kyoto protocol. Thus, one of the focuses of recent research in animal science has been to develop or improve existing methane prediction models in order to increase overall understanding of the system and to evaluate mitigation strategies for methane reduction. Several dynamic mechanistic models of rumen function have been developed which contain hydrogen gas balance sub-models from which methane production can be predicted. These models predict methane production with varying levels of success and in many cases could benefit from further development. Central to methane prediction is accurate volatile fatty acid prediction, representation of the competition for substrate usage within the rumen, as well as descriptions of protozoal dynamics and pH. Most methane models could also largely benefit from an expanded description of lipid metabolism and hindgut fermentation. The purpose of the current review is to identify key aspects of rumen microbiology that could be incorporated into, or have improved representation within, a model of ruminant digestion and environmental emissions.
13
Or-Rashid, Mamun M., Ousama AlZahal, and Brian W. McBride. "Comparative studies on the metabolism of linoleic acid by rumen bacteria, protozoa, and their mixture in vitro." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 89, no. 2 (September 24, 2010): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2865-z.
Повний текст джерела
14
Chen, Lianmin, Yang Luo, Hongrong Wang, Shimin Liu, Yizhao Shen, and Mengzhi Wang. "Effects of Glucose and Starch on Lactate Production by Newly Isolated Streptococcus bovis S1 from Saanen Goats." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 19 (July 29, 2016): 5982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01994-16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTWhen ruminants are fed high-concentrate diets,Streptococcus bovisproliferates rapidly and produces lactate, potentially causing rumen acidosis. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the metabolism of this species might help in developing dietary strategies to alleviate rumen acidosis.S. bovisstrain S1 was newly isolated from the ruminal fluid of Saanen dairy goats and then used to examine the effects of glucose and starch on bacterial metabolism and gene regulation of the organic acid-producing pathway in cultures at a pH of 6.5. Glucose or starch was added to the culture medium at 1 g/liter, 3 g/liter (close to a normal range in the rumen fluid), or 9 g/liter (excessive level). Lactate was the dominant acid produced during the fermentation, and levels increased with the amount of glucose or starch in a dose-dependent manner (P< 0.001). The production of formate and acetate in the fermentation media fluctuated slightly with the dose but accounted for small fractions of the total acids. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and α-amylase (α-AMY) increased with the starch dose (P< 0.05), but the α-AMY activity did not change with the glucose dose. The relative expression levels of the genesldh,pfl(encoding pyruvate formate lyase),ccpA(encoding catabolite control protein A), and α-amywere higher at a dose of 9 g/liter than at 1 g/liter (P< 0.05). Expression levels ofpfland α-amygenes were higher at 3 g/liter than at 1 g/liter (P< 0.05). The fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) concentration tended to increase with the glucose and starch concentrations. In addition, theS. bovisS1 isolate fermented glucose much faster than starch. We conclude that the quantities of glucose and soluble starch had a major effect on lactate production due to the transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes.IMPORTANCEThis work used a newly isolatedS. bovisstrain S1 from the rumen fluid of Saanen goats and examined the effects of glucose and soluble starch on organic acid patterns, enzyme activity, and expression of genes forin vitrofermentation. It was found that lactate was the dominant product fromS. bovisstrain S1, and the quantities of both glucose and starch in the medium were highly correlated with lactate production and with the corresponding changes in associated enzymes and genes. Therefore, manipulating the metabolic pathway ofS. bovisto alter the dietary level of readily fermentable sugar and carbohydrates may be a strategy to alleviate rumen acidosis.
15
Liss, S. N., D. Brewer, A. Taylor, and G. A. Jones. "Antibiotic activity of an isocyanide metabolite of Trichoderma hamatum against rumen bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A metabolite of Trichoderma hamatum, 3-(3-isocyanocyclopent-2-enylidene)propionic acid, was tested for its effects on growth of and carbohydrate metabolism in 11 strains of functionally important rumen bacteria. To standardize the biological activity of this unstable metabolite, a rapid, aerobic disc diffusion assay was developed using Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. In an anaerobic broth dilution assay using a medium lacking rumen fluid and containing a soluble carbohydrate, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the metabolite which completely inhibited growth of the rumen bacteria for 18 h at 39 °C was generally < 10 μg∙mL−1; however, the minimum inhibitory concentrations for Megasphaera elsdenii B159 and Streptococcus bovis Pe18 were 10–25 and 25–64 μg∙mL−1, respectively. In general, the Gram-negative strains were more sensitive than the Gram positive. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Bacteroides ruminicola 23 grown with glucose was 1 μg∙mL−1; for B. ruminicola GA33 (glucose), B. succinogenes S85 (cellobiose), and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens 24 (maltose), it was 2 μg∙mL−1. When added to a cellulose-containing rumen fluid medium, 1–4 μg∙mL−1 of the metabolite delayed cellulose hydrolysis by B. succinogenes S85, Ruminococcus albus 7, and R. flavefaciens FD1 for up to 4 days, and 6–7 μg∙mL−1 prevented hydrolysis for at least 1 month. In the presence of the metabolite, the proportion of acetate produced from soluble carbohydrate by the majority of strains increased, but with some strains net production of acetate decreased relative to production of other acidic fermentation products. If the metabolite gained entrance to the rumen, a concentration of as little as 1 μg∙mL−1 would probably cause a significant depression of the fermentation and result in nutritional deprivation of the animal.
16
Nathani, Neelam M., Ramesh K. Kothari, Amrutlal K. Patel, and Chaitanya G. Joshi. "Functional Characterization Reveals Novel Putative Coding Sequences in Prevotella ruminicola Genome Extracted from Rumen Metagenomic Studies." Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 25, no. 4 (2015): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<b><i>Aim:</i></b> To reassemble <i>Prevotella ruminicola</i> genome from rumen metagenomic data of cattle and buffalo and compare with the published reference genome. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Rumen microbial communities from Mehsani buffaloes (n = 8) and Kankrej cattle (n = 8), each adapted to different proportions of a dry or green roughage diet, were subjected to metagenomic sequencing by Ion Torrent PGM, and subsequent reads were analyzed by MG-RAST. Using reference-guided assembly of the sequences against the published <i>P. ruminicola</i> strain 23, draft genomes of 2.56 and 2.46 Mb were reconstructed from Mehsani buffalo and Kankrej cows, respectively. The genomes were annotated using the RAST Server and carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZyme) analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Taxonomic analysis by MG-RAST revealed <i>P. ruminicola </i>to be the most abundant species present among the rumen microflora. Functional annotation of reconstructed genomes using the RAST Server depicted the maximum assignment of coding sequences involved in the subsystems amino acid and derivatives and carbohydrate metabolism. CAZyme profiling revealed the glycoside hydrolases (GH) family to be the most abundant. GH family subclassification revealed that the extracted genomes had more sequence hits for GH2, GH3, GH92 and GH97 as compared to the reference. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results reflect the metabolic significance of rumen-adapted <i>P. ruminicola</i> in utilizing a coarse diet for animals based on acquisition of novel genetic elements.
17
Chen, Yanhong, Gregory B. Penner, Meiju Li, Masahito Oba, and Le Luo Guan. "Changes in Bacterial Diversity Associated with Epithelial Tissue in the Beef Cow Rumen during the Transition to a High-Grain Diet." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 16 (June 24, 2011): 5770–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00375-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTOur understanding of the ruminal epithelial tissue-associated bacterial (defined as epimural bacteria in this study) community is limited. In this study, we aimed to determine whether diet influences the diversity of the epimural bacterial community in the bovine rumen. Twenty-four beef heifers were randomly assigned to either a rapid grain adaptation (RGA) treatment (n= 18) in which the heifers were allowed to adapt from a diet containing 97% hay to a diet containing 8% hay over 29 days or to the control group (n= 6), which was fed 97% hay. Rumen papillae were collected when the heifers were fed 97%, 25%, and 8% hay diets. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were used to characterize rumen epimural bacterial diversity and to estimate the total epimural bacterial population (copy numbers of the 16S rRNA gene). The epimural bacterial diversity from RGA heifers changed (P= 0.01) in response to the rapid dietary transition, whereas it was not affected in control heifers. A total of 88 PCR-DGGE bands were detected, and 44 were identified from phyla includingFirmicutes,Bacteroidetes, andProteobacteria. The bacteriaTreponemasp.,Ruminobactersp., andLachnospiraceaesp. were detected only when heifers were fed 25% and 8% hay diets, suggesting the presence of these bacteria is the result of adaptation to the high-grain diets. In addition, the total estimated population of rumen epimural bacteria was positively correlated with molar proportions of acetate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate, suggesting that they may play a role in volatile fatty acid metabolism in the rumen.
18
Gagen, Emma J., Stuart E. Denman, Jagadish Padmanabha, Someshwar Zadbuke, Rafat Al Jassim, Mark Morrison, and Christopher S. McSweeney. "Functional Gene Analysis Suggests Different Acetogen Populations in the Bovine Rumen and Tammar Wallaby Forestomach." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 23 (October 1, 2010): 7785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01679-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Reductive acetogenesis via the acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) pathway is an alternative hydrogen sink to methanogenesis in the rumen. Functional gene-based analysis is the ideal approach for investigating organisms capable of this metabolism (acetogens). However, existing tools targeting the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase gene (fhs) are compromised by lack of specificity due to the involvement of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) in other pathways. Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) is unique to the acetyl-CoA pathway and, in the present study, acetyl-CoA synthase genes (acsB) were recovered from a range of acetogens to facilitate the design of acsB-specific PCR primers. fhs and acsB libraries were used to examine acetogen diversity in the bovine rumen and forestomach of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), a native Australian marsupial demonstrating foregut fermentation analogous to rumen fermentation but resulting in lower methane emissions. Novel, deduced amino acid sequences of acsB and fhs affiliated with the Lachnospiraceae in both ecosystems and the Ruminococcaeae/Blautia group in the rumen. FTHFS sequences that probably originated from nonacetogens were identified by low “homoacetogen similarity” scores based on analysis of FTHFS residues, and comprised a large proportion of FTHFS sequences from the tammar wallaby forestomach. A diversity of FTHFS and ACS sequences in both ecosystems clustered between the Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae acetogens but without close sequences from cultured isolates. These sequences probably originated from novel acetogens. The community structures of the acsB and fhs libraries from the rumen and the tammar wallaby forestomach were different (LIBSHUFF, P < 0.001), and these differences may have significance for overall hydrogenotrophy in both ecosystems.
19
Anderson, Robin C., Mark A. Rasmussen, Milton J. Allison, and Alan A. DiSpirito. "Characteristics of a nitropropanol-metabolizing bacterium isolated from the rumen." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We report some characteristics of a ruminai bacterium (strain NPOH1) that metabolizes 3-nitropropanol, the toxic principle of various milk vetchs that are distributed worldwide. The gram-positive bacterium was nonmotile and did not produce spores. Growth of strain NPOH1 occurred under anaerobic conditions and was supported by the electron acceptors 3-nitropropanol, 3-nitropropionate, nitrate, 2-nitropropanol, nitroethane, nitroethanol, or 3-nitro-1-propyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (miserotoxin). Other potential electron acceptors, namely sulfate, sulfite, azide, chlorate, perchlorate, nitrite, fumarate, 2-nitrobutane, or nitrobenzene, did not support growth. Formate, lactate, and H2stimulated growth of strain NPOH1 in the presence of the appropriate nitrocompound, whereas a variety of other potential H2donors did not. When grown in medium containing both nitrate and either 3-nitropropanol or 3-nitropropionate, nitrate was the preferred acceptor. Strain NPOH1 reduced nitrate to nitrite and, when grown with excess reductant, nitrite was further reduced to ammonia. The products formed during the metabolism of 3-nitropropanol and 3-nitropropionate by mixed ruminal populations, 3-aminopropanol and β-alanine, were not found in culture fluids of strain NPOH1. Analysis of total cellular fatty acid profiles and of the mole percent guanine plus cytosine suggests that strain NPOH1 is a novel bacterium. The capacity of strain NPOH1 to metabolize 3-nitropropanol suggests that this organism may play an important role in detoxification of 3-nitropropanol in the rumen.Key words: nitropropanol, nitropropionate, anaerobic, rumen, detoxification.
20
Floret, Fabienne, Lal C. Chaudhary, William C. Ellis, Suliman El Hassan, Nest McKain, C. James Newbold, and R. John Wallace. "Influence of 1-[(E)-2-(2-Methyl-4-Nitrophenyl)Diaz-1-enyl]Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid and Diphenyliodonium Chloride on Ruminal Protein Metabolism and Ruminal Microorganisms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 3258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.7.3258-3260.1999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The effects of 1-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)diaz-1-enyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (LY29) and diphenyliodonium chloride (DIC) on the degradation of protein to ammonia were determined in a mixed rumen microbial population taken from sheep on a grass hay-concentrate diet. Both compounds decreased NH3 production by inhibiting deamination of amino acids. LY29, but not DIC, inhibited growth of the high-activity ammonia-producing species, Clostridium aminophilum and Clostridium sticklandii.
21
Hernandez-Sanabria, Emma, Le Luo Guan, Laksiri A. Goonewardene, Meiju Li, Denis F. Mujibi, Paul Stothard, Stephen S. Moore, and Monica C. Leon-Quintero. "Correlation of Particular Bacterial PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Patterns with Bovine Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Feed Efficiency Traits." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 19 (August 13, 2010): 6338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01052-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The influence of rumen microbial structure and functions on host physiology remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between the ruminal microflora and the host by correlating bacterial diversity with fermentation measurements and feed efficiency traits, including dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, average daily gain, and residual feed intake, using culture-independent methods. Universal bacterial partial 16S rRNA gene products were amplified from ruminal fluid collected from 58 steers raised under a low-energy diet and were subjected to PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to relate specific PCR-DGGE bands to various feed efficiency traits and metabolites. Analysis of volatile fatty acid profiles showed that butyrate was positively correlated with daily dry matter intake (P < 0.05) and tended to have higher concentration in inefficient animals (P = 0.10), while isovalerate was associated with residual feed intake (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that particular bacteria and their metabolism in the rumen may contribute to differences in host feed efficiency under a low-energy diet. This is the first study correlating PCR-DGGE bands representing specific bacteria to metabolites in the bovine rumen and to host feed efficiency traits.
22
Watanabe, Tomoki, Tadashi Fujiwara, Toshiaki Umezawa, Mikio Shimada, and Takefumi Hattori. "Cloning of a cDNA encoding a NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase involved in oxalic acid metabolism from the white-rot fungusCeriporiopsis subvermisporaand its gene expression analysis." FEMS Microbiology Letters 279, no. 1 (February 2008): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.01022.x.
Повний текст джерела
23
Lee, Sang Jun, Hyohak Song, and Sang Yup Lee. "Genome-Based Metabolic Engineering of Mannheimia succiniciproducens for Succinic Acid Production." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 3 (March 2006): 1939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.3.1939-1948.2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Succinic acid is a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid produced as one of the fermentation products of anaerobic metabolism. Based on the complete genome sequence of a capnophilic succinic acid-producing rumen bacterium, Mannheimia succiniciproducens, gene knockout studies were carried out to understand its anaerobic fermentative metabolism and consequently to develop a metabolically engineered strain capable of producing succinic acid without by-product formation. Among three different CO2-fixing metabolic reactions catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase, PEP carboxylase, and malic enzyme, PEP carboxykinase was the most important for the anaerobic growth of M. succiniciproducens and succinic acid production. Oxaloacetate formed by carboxylation of PEP was found to be converted to succinic acid by three sequential reactions catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and fumarate reductase. Major metabolic pathways leading to by-product formation were successfully removed by disrupting the ldhA, pflB, pta, and ackA genes. This metabolically engineered LPK7 strain was able to produce 13.4 g/liter of succinic acid from 20 g/liter glucose with little or no formation of acetic, formic, and lactic acids, resulting in a succinic acid yield of 0.97 mol succinic acid per mol glucose. Fed-batch culture of M. succiniciproducens LPK7 with intermittent glucose feeding allowed the production of 52.4 g/liter of succinic acid, with a succinic acid yield of 1.16 mol succinic acid per mol glucose and a succinic acid productivity of 1.8 g/liter/h, which should be useful for industrial production of succinic acid.
24
Zhang, X., K. Jantama, K. T. Shanmugam, and L. O. Ingram. "Reengineering Escherichia coli for Succinate Production in Mineral Salts Medium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 24 (October 16, 2009): 7807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01758-09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The fermentative metabolism of glucose was redirected to succinate as the primary product without mutating any genes encoding the native mixed-acid fermentation pathway or redox reactions. Two changes in peripheral pathways were together found to increase succinate yield fivefold: (i) increased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and (ii) inactivation of the glucose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. These two changes increased net ATP production, increased the pool of phosphoenolpyruvate available for carboxylation, and increased succinate production. Modest further improvements in succinate yield were made by inactivating the pflB gene, encoding pyruvate formate lyase, resulting in an E scherichia coli pathway that is functionally similar to the native pathway in Actinobacillus succinogenes and other succinate-producing rumen bacteria.
25
Amaya, Kensey R., Svetlana A. Kocherginskaya, Roderick I. Mackie, and Isaac K. O. Cann. "Biochemical and Mutational Analysis of Glutamine Synthetase Type III from the Rumen Anaerobe Ruminococcus albus 8." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 21 (November 1, 2005): 7481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.21.7481-7491.2005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Two different genes encoding glutamine synthetase type I (GSI) and GSIII were identified in the genome sequence of R. albus 8. The identity of the GSIII protein was confirmed by the presence of its associated conserved motifs. The glnN gene, encoding the GSIII, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 cells. The recombinant protein was purified and subjected to biochemical and physical analyses. Subunit organization suggested a protein present in solution as both monomers and oligomers. Kinetic studies using the forward and the γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) assays were carried out. Mutations that changed conserved glutamic acid residues to alanine in the four GSIII motifs resulted in drastic decreases in GS activity using both assays, except for an E380A mutation, which rather resulted in an increase in activity in the forward assay compared to the wild-type protein. Reduced GSIII activity was also exhibited by mutating, individually, two lysines (K308 and K318) located in the putative nucleotide-binding site to alanine. Most importantly, the presence of mRNA transcripts of the glnN gene in R. albus 8 cells grown under ammonia limiting conditions, whereas little or no transcript was detected in cells grown under ammonia sufficient conditions, suggested an important role for the GSIII in the nitrogen metabolism of R. albus 8. Furthermore, the mutational studies on the conserved GSIII motifs demonstrated, for the first time, their importance in the structure and/or function of a GSIII protein.
26
Wang, Erdan, Manqian Cha, Shuo Wang, Qianqian Wang, Yajing Wang, Shengli Li, and Wei Wang. "Feeding Corn Silage or Grass Hay as Sole Dietary Forage Sources: Overall Mechanism of Forages Regulating Health-Promoting Fatty Acid Status in Milk of Dairy Cows." Foods 12, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12020303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Different dietary forage sources regulate health-promoting fatty acids (HPFAs), such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in the milk of lactating cows. However, the overall mechanism of forages regulating lipid metabolism from the gastrointestinal tract to the mammary glands (MGs) is not clear. Three isocaloric diets that contained (1) 46% corn silage (CS), (2) a mixture of 23% corn silage and 14% grass hays (MIX), and (3) 28% grass hays (GH) as the forage sources and six cannulated (rumen, proximal duodenum, and terminal ileum) lactating cows were assigned to a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Our results show that a higher proportion of grass hay in the diets increased the relative contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), CLAs, and n-3 PUFAs. The lower relative content of SCFA in the milk of CS was predominantly due to the reduction in acetate production in the rumen and arteriovenous differences in the MG, indicating that the de novo synthesis pathways were inhibited. The elevated relative contents of total CLA and n-3 PUFA in the milk of GH were attributed to the increases in apparent intestinal digestion and arteriovenous differences in total CLA and n-3 PUFA, together with the higher Δ9-desaturase activity in the MG. In conclusion, this study provides an overall mechanism of dietary forages regulating HPFA status in the milk of dairy cows.
27
Sun, Xiao-Ge, Yue Wang, Tian Xie, Zhan-Tao Yang, Ji-Dong Wang, Yu-Hui Zheng, Cheng Guo, et al. "Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the energy economy of ruminants. However, its interactions of fat, rumen fermentation, gas emission, and microorganisms are not yet clear. This study evaluated the effect of adding raw oilseeds to high-forage diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas composition, and microbial profile. Three isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets were designed and used as fermentation substrate: control treatment (CON group) was the basal diet lacking oilseeds, the other two treatments were the basal diet supplemented by 100 g/kg dry matter (DM) raw whole soybean (S group) and 50 g/kg DM raw flaxseed (F group), respectively. Data showed that the acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentration of culture fluids in the S group were lower (p < 0.05) than in the F group. There was a tendency to a higher level (p = 0.094) of propionate concentration in the F group compared with the other two groups. The gas production in the F group was higher (p < 0.05) than in the control group. There was a lower abundance of Sutterella (p < 0.05) and a greater abundance of Butyrivibrio (p < 0.05) in both of the two oilseed treatments. Methanobrevibacter (p = 0.078) in the F group was the lowest. Our results suggested that CH4 emission could be inhibited with flaxseed supplementation by propionate production metabolism, biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid (FA), and toxicity to Methanobrevibacter, while regarding soybean seed supplementation, the emission of CH4 was more likely to be reduced through biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA modulated by Butyrivibrio.
28
Ulgezen, Zeynep N., Teemu Käpylä, Peter Meerlo, Kamiel Spoelstra, Marcel E. Visser, and Davide M. Dominoni. "The preference and costs of sleeping under light at night in forest and urban great tits." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1905 (June 19, 2019): 20190872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0872.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon associated with worldwide urbanization. In birds, broad-spectrum white ALAN can have disruptive effects on activity patterns, metabolism, stress response and immune function. There has been growing research on whether the use of alternative light spectra can reduce these negative effects, but surprisingly, there has been no study to determine which light spectrum birds prefer. To test such a preference, we gave urban and forest great tits (Parus major) the choice where to roost using pairwise combinations of darkness, white light or green dim light at night (1.5 lux). Birds preferred to sleep under artificial light instead of darkness, and green was preferred over white light. In a subsequent experiment, we investigated the consequence of sleeping under a particular light condition, and measured birds' daily activity levels, daily energy expenditure (DEE), oxalic acid as a biomarker for sleep debt and cognitive abilities. White light affected activity patterns more than green light. Moreover, there was an origin-dependent response to spectral composition: in urban birds, the total daily activity and night activity did not differ between white and green light, while forest birds were more active under white than green light. We also found that individuals who slept under white and green light had higher DEE. However, there were no differences in oxalic acid levels or cognitive abilities between light treatments. Thus, we argue that in naive birds that had never encountered light at night, white light might disrupt circadian rhythms more than green light. However, it is possible that the negative effects of ALAN on sleep and cognition might be observed only under intensities higher than 1.5 lux. These results suggest that reducing the intensity of light pollution as well as tuning the spectrum towards long wavelengths may considerably reduce its impact.
29
Navrátilova, Pavlina, Ivana Borkovcova, Zora Stastkova, Ivana Bednarova, and Lenka Vorlova. "Effect of Cephalosporin Antibiotics on the Activity of Yoghurt Cultures." Foods 11, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 2751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The presence of antibiotics in milk is a significant problem affecting the technological safety of dairy products. The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity of yoghurt cultures to residual levels of selected cephalosporin antibiotics (cephalexin, cefoperazone, cefquinome, cefazolin, and ceftiofur). Five yoghurt cultures were selected containing strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Artificially fortified milk samples (whole pasteurized milk; 85 °C; 3–5 s) with cephalosporins at a concentration of the maximum residue limit were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the yoghurt cultures by monitoring the pH, titratable acidity, and the concentration of selected organic acids (lactic, pyruvic, citric, acetic, orotic, oxalic, formic, uric, and succinic acids) at the end of fermentation (43 °C; 4–5.5 h; pH ≤ 4.6). The titratable acidity was determined by the Soxhlet–Henkel method and the organic acid concentration was monitored by reversed-phase HPLC. Ceftiofur had the greatest effect on the yoghurt culture activity, with a statistically highly significant effect (p < 0.05) on the pH, titratable acidity, and the content of lactic, pyruvic, and acetic acids in all cultures. Other cephalosporins also showed an inhibitory effect on yoghurt metabolism as seen by the evaluation of the lactic and pyruvic acid concentrations.
30
Brewer, D., F. W. Calder, G. A. Jones, D. Tanguay, and A. Taylor. "Effect of Nickelous and Other Metal Ions on the Inhibition of Rumen Bacterial Metabolism by 3-(3′-Isocyanocyclopent-2-Enylidene)Propionic Acid and Related Isocyanides †." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51, no. 1 (1986): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.51.1.138-142.1986.
Повний текст джерела
31
Laho, T., Z. Váradyová, K. Mihaliková, S. Kišidayová, Z. Adamechová, M. Čertík та D. Jalč. "Effects of prefermented cereal-derived substrates (ground barley and rye bran) enriched with fungal γ-linolenic acid on rumen fermentation parameters and lipid metabolism in vitro". Journal of Applied Microbiology 111, № 3 (4 липня 2011): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05073.x.
Повний текст джерела
32
Zhu, Jing, Mu Zhang, Tingli Han, Hua Wu, Zhibo Xiao, Shihui Lin, Chuanjiang Wang, and Fang Xu. "Exploring the Biomarkers of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy (SAE): Metabolomics Evidence from Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 12, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2612849.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a transient and reversible brain dysfunction, that occurs when the source of sepsis is located outside of the central nervous system; SAE affects nearly 30% of septic patients at admission and is a risk factor for mortality. In our study, we sought to determine whether metabolite changes in plasma could be a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and/or the prediction of the prognosis of sepsis. Method. A total of 31 SAE patients and 28 healthy controls matched by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) participated in our study. SAE patients were divided into four groups according to the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). Plasma samples were collected and used to detect metabolism changes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of variance was used to determine which metabolites significantly differed between the control and SAE groups. Results. We identified a total of 63 metabolites that showed significant differences among the SAE and control groups. In particular, the 4 common metabolites in the four groups were 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid; carbostyril, 3-ethyl-4,7-dimethoxy (35.8%); malic acid peak 1; and oxalic acid. The concentration of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in sepsis patients decreased with a decrease of the GCS. Conclusions. According to recent research on SAE, metabolic disturbances in tissue and cells may be the main pathophysiology of this condition. In our study, we found a correlation between the concentration of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and the severity of consciousness disorders. We suggest that 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid may be a potential biomarker for SAE and useful in predicting patient prognosis.
33
Matheron, Christelle, Anne-Marie Delort, Genevieve Gaudet, Tibor Liptaj, and Evelyne Forano. "Interactions between Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Fibrobacter succinogenes S85: a 1H and13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Enzymatic Study." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 1941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.5.1941-1948.1999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The effect of the presence of ammonia on [1-13C]glucose metabolism in the rumen fibrolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 was studied by13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Ammonia halved the level of glycogen storage and increased the rate of glucose conversion into acetate and succinate 2.2-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, reducing the succinate-to-acetate ratio. The13C enrichment of succinate and acetate was precisely quantified by 13C-filtered spin-echo difference1H-NMR spectroscopy. The presence of ammonia did not modify the 13C enrichment of succinate C-2 (without ammonia, 20.8%, and with ammonia, 21.6%), indicating that the isotopic dilution of metabolites due to utilization of endogenous glycogen was not affected. In contrast, the presence of ammonia markedly decreased the 13C enrichment of acetate C-2 (from 40 to 31%), reflecting enhanced reversal of the succinate synthesis pathway. The reversal of glycolysis was unaffected by the presence of ammonia as shown by 13C-NMR analysis. Study of cell extracts showed that the main pathways of ammonia assimilation in F. succinogenes were glutamate dehydrogenase and alanine dehydrogenase. Glutamine synthetase activity was not detected. Glutamate dehydrogenase was active with both NAD and NADP as cofactors and was not repressed under ammonia limitation in the culture. Glutamate-pyruvate and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activities were evidenced by spectrophotometry and 1H NMR. When cells were incubated in vivo with [1-13C]glucose, only13C-labeled aspartate, glutamate, alanine, and valine were detected. Their labelings were consistent with the proposed amino acid synthesis pathway and with the reversal of the succinate synthesis pathway.
34
Ai, Qian, Dong Tang, Yongfa Li, Yingjie Huang, and Junxian Yang. "Comparison of the Effects of Laparoscopic Surgery and Traditional Open Surgery on Stone Clearance, Laboratory Indexes and Life Quality in Patients with Renal Calculi." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8211389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. A case-control study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery and traditional open surgery on stone clearance, laboratory indexes, and life quality in patients with renal calculi. Methods. During March 2017 to March 2022, 272 patients with complex renal calculi (CRC) cured in our hospital were assigned into control group ( n = 136 ) and research group ( n = 136 ) arbitrarily. The former accepted traditional open surgery, while the latter accepted laparoscopic surgery. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and time of getting out of bed were compared. The degree of postoperative incision pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). The life quality was assessed by the Comprehensive Assessment Questionnaire-74 (GQOL-74). The indexes of renal function and urine metabolism were measured. Then, the postoperative stone clearance rate and complications were calculated. Results. Operation time, blood loss intraoperatively, time out of bed, and hospitalization were all remarkably reduced in the research group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The complete stone clearance rates in study and control cohorts were 75.73% and 63.24%, respectively. The VAS scores were lessened after the operation. Compared with the two groups, the VAS scores of the research group were remarkably lower at 1 to 2 weeks and 1 and 3 months after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). One week after operation, the levels of β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), and renal injury molecule-1 (kidney injury molecule-1, Kim-1) in the research group were remarkably lower. The levels of urinary β 2-MG, NAG, and KIM-1 in the research group were remarkably lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). One week after operation, the levels of urinary oxalic acid, uric acid, and urinary calcium lessened averagely. The levels of urinary oxalic acid, uric acid, and urinary calcium in the research group were lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The quality-of-life scores were compared. One week after the operation, the scores of physical function, psychological function, social function, and material function were all augmented, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The incidence of complications was 9.56% and 2.21%, respectively. The incidence of complications in the research group was lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Laparoscopic surgery is successful when treating CRC, which is superior to invasive surgery in postoperative complications, stone clearance rate, improvement of postoperative renal function, and life quality. It is one of the ideal treatment methods for CRC. However, the role of open surgery when treating CRC cannot be ignored. This needs to be further confirmed by large samples of randomized controlled trials.
35
Han, Yongli, Chen Liang, Yuxiang Yu, Jianhai Zhang, Jundong Wang, and Jinling Cao. "Gluconeogenesis Alteration and p53-SIRT6-Fox01 Signaling Adaptive Regulation in Sheep from Different Grazing Periods." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (July 28, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4614665.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The decline in sheep health and meat quality caused by seasonal nutritional deficiencies has always been an important problem in the production of naturally grazing sheep. Glucose metabolism is crucial in ruminants for adequate cell function and maintenance of the body tissues and systems. However, whether glucose metabolism, especially gluconeogenesis, is affected by seasonal grazing conditions has not been fully uncovered. Thus, twelve sheep from two seasons (dry and green grass periods) in natural grazing areas of Inner Mongolia, China, were selected for this study. Their serum glucose, insulin, PC, and PEPCK levels and volatile fatty acid (gluconeogenesis material) concentrations in rumen fluid were analyzed. The expression of key enzymes including PC, PEPCK, GLUT2, and G6P of gluconeogenesis and their regulators INSR, PI3K/AKT and p53-SIRT6-Fox01 in the liver was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. The results revealed significant variances in gluconeogenesis and its indicators and showed p53-SIRT6-Fox01 as having potential regulation in different grazing periods. This study offers new insights into the mechanism of gluconeogenesis and adaptive regulation between dry grass period and green grass period and also provides a reference for maintaining the health of sheep and meat quality despite seasonal nutritional deficiencies.
36
France, J., R. C. Siddons, and M. S. Dhanoa. "Adaptation of compartmental schemes for interpreting isotope dilution data on volatile fatty acid metabolism in the rumen to the non-steady state and for single-dose injection." Journal of Theoretical Biology 153, no. 2 (November 1991): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80425-4.
Повний текст джерела
37
Astuti, Dewi Apri, and Erika B. Laconi. "Evaluasi Komposisi Tubuh dan Pemanfaatan Nutrien di Ambing Kambing Peranakan Etawah Laktasi yang Diberi Pakan Fermentasi Limbah Tempe." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.17.3.59-63.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition, nutrient uptake in mammary gland and milk amino acid profile of lactating Etawah Crossbred goats fed by tempeh by product. Twelve lactating goats were randomly allocated into three groups which fed by ration containing concentrate (R1), concentrate plus 25% fresh tempeh waste (R2) and concentrate plus 25% fermented tempeh waste (R3). Tempeh waste was fermented by Aspergillus niger. Kinggrass was given 50% of the total ration for all groups. Urea space technique was used to measure body composition before and after the experiment was done. Milk production was calculated two times a day during two months after giving birth (postpartum). Total milk protein and amino acid, whey and casein were analyzed by kjeldahl method and amino acid analyzer respectively. Nutrient uptake in mammary gland was calculated base on Fick principles. Result showed that there was significantly different on body weight, but on body water, protein and fat had no significant difference between the treatments. The best milk production was found in fermented tempeh waste group. Concentration of glutamic acid was dominant than other essential amino acids in whole milk and casein but there were no significant difference between groups for those essential amino acid profile. It was concluded that fermented tempeh waste could substitute 50% of total concentrate and had the highest body weight, milk yield and nutrient uptake in the mammary gland of lactating Etawah Crossbred goats.
Key words: body composition, fermentation, lactating PE goat, nutrient uptake, tempeh waste
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Astuti DA & Sastradipradja D. 1998. Measurement of body composition using slaughter technique and urea-space in local sheep. Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Science. 3: 1-9
Astuti DA & Sastradipradja D. 1999. Evaluation of body composition using urea dilution and slaughter technique of growing Priangan sheep. Media Veteriner. 6 (3) : 5-9.
Astuti DA, Sastradipradja D & Sutardi T. 2000. Nutrient balance and glucose metabolism of female growing, late pregnant and lactating ettawah crossbred goats. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 13:8: 1068-1077
Astuti DA& Wina E. 2002. Protein balance and excreation of purine derivatives in urine of lactating etawah crossbred goats fed with tempe waste. Jurnal Peternakan dan Veteriner. 7(3) : 162-166
Astuti DA, Baba AS & Wibawan IWT. 2011. Rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and performance of sheep fed tropical browse plants. Media Peternakan. 34 (3) : 201-206
Astuti DA & Sudarman A. 2015. Status fisiologi, profil darah dan komposisi tubuh domba yang diberi minyak lemuru tersaponifikasi dan disalut dengan herbal. Buletin Peternakan. 39 (2): 116-122.
Badan Pengendalian Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan Daerah. 2000. Laporan Pertanggungjawaban Pembangunan Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Tempe PRIMKOPTI Ngoto Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta (ID) : Setwilda Propinsi DIY
Bishop JM, Hill, DJ, & Hosking CS. 1990. Goat milk does not suppress the immune system. Journal of Pediatrics. 116: 862-867
Bruhn JC, FST & Davis CA. 1999. Dairy goat milk composition. https://drinc.ucdavis.edu/goat-dairy-foods/dairy-goat-milk-composition
Cant JP, DePeters EJ & Baldwin RL, 1993. Mammary amino acid utilization in dairy cows fed fat and its relationship to milk protein depression. Journal of Dairy Science. 76 (3) :762-774
Chaiyabutr N, Komolvanich S, Preuksagorn S & Chanpongsang S. 2000. Comparative studies on the utilization of glucose in the mammary gland of crossbred holstein cattle feeding on different types of roughage during different stages of lactation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 13 (3): 334 – 347.
Laconi EB, & Jayanegara A. 2015. Improving nutritional quality of cocoa pod (theobroma cacao) through chemical and biological treatments for ruminant feeding: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences Open Access. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.13.0798.
Lehninger AL. 1982. Principles of Biochemistry. New York (US): Woth Publisher, Inc.
NRC. 1990. Nutrient Requirement of Goat. Washington (US): National Academy of Science.
Panaretto BA & Till A.R.. 1963. Body compositition in vivo. II. The composition of mature goats and its relationship to the antypyrene, tritiated water and acetyl-4-aminoantipyrene spaces. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 14 (6): 926 – 943
Park YW. 1991. Goat milk as a substitute for those who are lactose intolerant. Journal of Dairy Science 74:3326-3333
Riis PM. 1983. Dynamic Biochemistry of Animal Production. New York (US): Elsevier Science
Rovanis. 1995. Letters in applied microbiology. Journal of Milk and Food Technology. 20 (3): 164-167
Steel RGD & Torrie JH, 1993. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. New York (US): McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc.
Shapiro BA, Harrison RA & Walton JR, 1982. Clinical Application of Blood Gas. 3rd ed. London (UK): Book Medical Publishers, Inc.
Waghorn GC & Baldwin, RL. 1984. Model of metabolic flux within mammary gland of the lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 67: 531-544
38
Huang, Shuai, Gang Zheng, Hongkai Men, Wei Wang, and Shengli Li. "The Response of Fecal Microbiota and Host Metabolome in Dairy Cows Following Rumen Fluid Transplantation." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (July 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.940158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rumen fluid transplantation (RFT) has been used to rebuild rumen bacterial homeostasis, reshape rumen function, and restore rumen fermentation, whereas the effect of RFT on fecal microbiota and host metabolism in cows remains poorly understood. In our study, a combination of 16S rRNA sequencing and serum non-targeted metabolomics was performed to investigate the response of fecal microbiota and serum metabolome in dairy cows following RFT. Twenty-four prepartum dairy cows were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 8) for infusion of either saline (Con), fresh rumen fluid (FR), or sterilized rumen fluid (SR) after calving. Fourteen days after calving, fecal microbiota and serum metabolome were analyzed. The sequencing data of fecal samples revealed no changes in alpha diversity and relative abundance of dominant genera such as Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes. However, the other genus level taxa, such as Eubacterium oxidoreducens, Anaerorhabdus furcosa, Bacillus and Selenomonas, showed distinct changes following RFT. Serum metabolome analysis showed that FR or SR infusion affected amino acids metabolism, bile acids metabolism and fatty acids metabolism (including linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that taxa from genera Clostridiales were positively correlated with metabolites involved in tryptophan and bile acid metabolisms, such as OTU1039 from genera unclassified o_Clostridiales was positively correlated to indoleacetic acid and taurolithocholic acid. These results suggest that RFT altered the composition of the fecal microbiota and modulated microbial metabolic pathways, which is vital for the development and safety assessment of rumen microbial intervention strategies.
39
Gao, Kai, and Chunyin Geng. "Alterations in the rumen bacterial communities and metabolites of finishing bulls fed high-concentrate diets supplemented with active dry yeast and yeast culture." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (December 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the effects of active dry yeast (ADY) and yeast culture (YC) supplementation on rumen bacteria and metabolites in finishing bulls fed high-concentrate diets using the full-length 16S rDNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Supplementation with ADY improved the alpha diversity and relative abundance of rumen bacteria, while YC only affected relative abundance of rumen bacteria at the genus level. Sixty-three differential metabolites were identified in rumen fluid after ADY supplementation, and 17 after YC. PICRUSt2 functional prediction showed that ADY supplementation improved the capacity of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, and energy metabolism in rumen bacteria (all P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the rumen differential metabolites following ADY supplementation were mainly related to Oligosphaera, Verruc, Mycoplasma, and Anaeroplasma. Supplementation with ADY was more effective than YC in remodeling the rumen bacterial flora structure and metabolite composition under high-concentrate diets.
40
Li, Ling, Xiaohong Sun, Junyi Luo, Ting Chen, Qianyun Xi, Yongliang Zhang, and Jiajie Sun. "Effects of Herbal Tea Residue on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Muscle Metabolome, and Rumen Microbiota Characteristics in Finishing Steers." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (January 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.821293.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Herbal tea residue (HTR) contains various medicinal and nutritional components and is a potential high-quality unconventional source of roughage. In this study, a total of 30 healthy Simmental crossbred finishing steers were equally divided into two groups: CN (fed with a basic diet) and RE (HTR partly replaced Pennisetum purpureum). HTR did not alter the growth performance of steers but increased the net meat rate, tenderness, and water-holding capacity and increased the moisture content and oleic acid and linoleic acid concentrations in longissimus dorsi. It altered muscle metabolic pathways and improved rumen fermentation by increasing the propionic acid concentration and propionic acid-to-acetic acid ratio. We studied the steers’ rumen microbial community composition and determined their correlation with the tested parameters. Certain rumen microorganisms were closely associated with muscle glucolipid metabolites and rumen NH3-N and volatile fatty acid levels. Our findings suggest that, as a functional roughage source, HTR improved to a certain extent the meat quality of steers by altering the rumen microbial composition and affecting the rumen fatty acid composition and muscle glucolipid metabolism.
41
Liu, Xiu, Yuzhu Sha, Weibing Lv, Guizhong Cao, Xinyu Guo, Xiaoning Pu, Jiqing Wang, Shaobin Li, Jiang Hu, and Yuzhu Luo. "Multi-Omics Reveals That the Rumen Transcriptome, Microbiome, and Its Metabolome Co-regulate Cold Season Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (April 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.859601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tibetan sheep can maintain a normal life and reproduce in harsh environments under extreme cold and lack of nutrition. However, the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying the adaptability of Tibetan sheep during the cold season are still unclear. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of rumen epithelial morphology, epithelial transcriptomics, microbiology and metabolomics in a Tibetan sheep model. The results showed that morphological structure of rumen epithelium of Tibetan sheep in cold season had adaptive changes. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the differential genes were primarily enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway (ko03320), legionellosis (ko05134), phagosome (ko04145), arginine and proline metabolism (ko00330), and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (ko00980). Unique differential metabolites were identified in cold season, such as cynaroside A, sanguisorbin B and tryptophyl-valine, which were mainly enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and linolenic acid metabolism pathways, and had certain correlation with microorganisms. Integrated transcriptome-metabolome-microbiome analysis showed that epithelial gene-GSTM3 expression was upregulated in the metabolism of xenobiotics by the cytochrome P450 pathway during the cold season, leading to the downregulation of some harmful metabolites; TLR5 gene expression was upregulated and CD14 gene expression was downregulated in the legionellosis pathway during the cold season. This study comprehensively described the interaction mechanism between the rumen host and microbes and their metabolites in grazing Tibetan sheep during the cold season. Rumen epithelial genes, microbiota and metabolites act together in some key pathways related to cold season adaptation.
42
Stergiadis, Sokratis, Irene Cabeza-Luna, Marina Mora-Ortiz, Robert D. Stewart, Richard J. Dewhurst, David J. Humphries, Mick Watson, Rainer Roehe, and Marc D. Auffret. "Unravelling the Role of Rumen Microbial Communities, Genes, and Activities on Milk Fatty Acid Profile Using a Combination of Omics Approaches." Frontiers in Microbiology 11 (January 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.590441.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Milk products are an important component of human diets, with beneficial effects for human health, but also one of the major sources of nutritionally undesirable saturated fatty acids (SFA). Recent discoveries showing the importance of the rumen microbiome on dairy cattle health, metabolism and performance highlight that milk composition, and potentially milk SFA content, may also be associated with microorganisms, their genes and their activities. Understanding these mechanisms can be used for the development of cost-effective strategies for the production of milk with less SFA. This work aimed to compare the rumen microbiome between cows producing milk with contrasting FA profile and identify potentially responsible metabolic-related microbial mechanisms. Forty eight Holstein dairy cows were fed the same total mixed ration under the same housing conditions. Milk and rumen fluid samples were collected from all cows for the analysis of fatty acid profiles (by gas chromatography), the abundances of rumen microbiome communities and genes (by whole-genome-shotgun metagenomics), and rumen metabolome (using 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance). The following groups: (i) 24 High-SFA (66.9–74.4% total FA) vs. 24 Low-SFA (60.2–66.6%% total FA) cows, and (ii) 8 extreme High-SFA (69.9–74.4% total FA) vs. 8 extreme Low-SFA (60.2–64.0% total FA) were compared. Rumen of cows producing milk with more SFA were characterized by higher abundances of the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella, the acetogenic Proteobacteria Acetobacter and Kozakia, Mycobacterium, two fungi (Cutaneotrichosporon and Cyphellophora), and at a lesser extent Methanobrevibacter and the protist Nannochloropsis. Cows carrying genes correlated with milk FA also had higher concentrations of butyrate, propionate and tyrosine and lower concentrations of xanthine and hypoxanthine in the rumen. Abundances of rumen microbial genes were able to explain between 76 and 94% on the variation of the most abundant milk FA. Metagenomics and metabolomics analyses highlighted that cows producing milk with contrasting FA profile under the same diet, also differ in their rumen metabolic activities in relation to adaptation to reduced rumen pH, carbohydrate fermentation, and protein synthesis and metabolism.
43
Xu, Chenchen, Wenwen Liu, Baozhong Sun, Songshan Zhang, Shou Zhang, Yuanli Yang, Yuanhua Lei, Lan Chang, Peng Xie, and Huayi Suo. "Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals a Dependent Relationship Between Rumen Bacteria and Diet of Grass- and Grain-Fed Yaks." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (August 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.642959.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current information on the differences between rumen bacteria and metabolites of the grass-fed and grain-fed yaks is limited. Understanding the composition and alterations of rumen microbial metabolites is important to clarify its potential role in grass-fed and grain-fed systems. The aim of this research was to explore the influence of different production systems on the functional attributes and metabolites in the rumen microbiota of yak using genomics (Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene) and untargeted metabolomics (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Rumen samples were obtained from grass-fed (C), grain-fed for 3-month (G3), and grain-fed for 6-month yaks (G6). Results showed that the grain-fed yaks presented a lower rumen bacterial richness and diversity when compared to grass-fed yaks. Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Fibrobacterota were the main bacterial phyla. At the phylum and genus level, the grass-fed yaks significantly increased the abundance of Fibrobacterota and Fibrobacter (p < 0.05), respectively. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the metabolite profiles differed among the three groups. Compared with the grass-fed group, grain feeding significantly increased azelaic acid, hypoxanthine, uridine, L-phenylalanine, anserine, and decreased alpha-linolenic acid, adenine. Pathway enrichment analysis showed significant differences in metabolic pathways among all comparison groups, but the glycerophospholipid metabolism and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway were common key metabolic pathways. This study showed that the combined analysis of microbiota and metabolites could distinguish different production systems and the fattening time of yaks, providing novel insights for us to understand the function of the rumen bacteria.
44
Li, Yanjiao, Yitian Zang, Xianghui Zhao, Lin Liu, Qinghua Qiu, Kehui Ouyang, and Mingren Qu. "Dietary Supplementation With Creatine Pyruvate Alters Rumen Microbiota Protein Function in Heat-Stressed Beef Cattle." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (August 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.715088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) is a new multifunctional nutrient that can provide both pyruvate and creatine. It has been shown to relieve the heat stress of beef cattle by improving antioxidant activity and rumen microbial protein synthesis, but the mechanism of CrPyr influencing rumen fermentation remains unclear. This study aimed to combine 16S rDNA sequencing and metaproteomics technologies to investigate the microbial composition and function in rumen fluid samples taken from heat-stressed beef cattle treated with or without 60 g/day CrPyr. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that there were no significant differences in the α-diversity indices between the two groups. By analyzing the level profiles of 700 distinct proteins, we found that the CrPyr administration increased the expression of enzymes involved in specific metabolic pathways including (i) fatty acid β-oxidation; (ii) interconversion from pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate, oxaloacetate, acetyl-CoA, and malate; (iii) glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and citrate cycle metabolism; and (iv) biosynthesis of amino acids. These results indicated that the increased generation of adenosine triphosphate during fatty acid β-oxidation or citrate cycle and the up-regulation synthesis of microbial protein in rumen of beef cattle treated with CrPyr may help decrease oxidative stress, regulate energy metabolism, and further improve the rumen fermentation characteristic under heat stress.
45
Li, Chuang, Ning Chen, Xingxing Zhang, Khuram Shahzad, Ruxin Qi, Zhenbin Zhang, Zhiqi Lu, et al. "Mixed silage with Chinese cabbage waste enhances antioxidant ability by increasing ascorbate and aldarate metabolism through rumen Prevotellaceae UCG-004 in Hu sheep." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (August 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.978940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Silage is rich in nutrients, which can make up for the lack of seasonal roughage, and has a certain promotion effect on the intensive feeding of ruminants. In addition, silage can maintain the rumen function of ruminants to a certain extent and reduce the risk of rumen acidosis and abomasum translocation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the mixed silage of Chinese cabbage waste and rice straw (mixed silage) on antioxidant performance, rumen microbial population, and fermentation metabolism of Hu sheep. The 16 healthy Hu sheep (eight rams and eight ewes, 39.11 ± 1.16 kg, 5.5 months) were randomly divided into two groups (the control group and the mixed silage group) with eight animals (four rams and four ewes) in each group. The control group was fed with farm roughage (peanut seedlings, corn husk, and high grain shell) as forage, and the mixed silage group was fed with the mixed silage as forage. The results showed that the mixed silage had no effect on the growth performance of Hu sheep (p > 0.05). Ruminal butyric acid, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in the mixed silage group were increased, whereas the pH was decreased (p < 0.05). The blood and rumen total antioxidants capacity (T-AOC) concentration in the mixed silage group was higher, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rumen, serum, liver, and kidney was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). PCoA and ANOSIM results of Illumina sequencing indicated that the mixed silage affected the bacterial composition of the rumen microbes. The mixed silage increased the proportion of Prevotellaceae UCG-004 which was in a positive correlation with Vitamin C (Vc). In addition, PICRUSt functional prediction analysis showed that ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were up-regulated in the mixed silage group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, higher contents of VC and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the mixed silage were beneficial to the growth and reproduction of Prevotellaceae UCG-004, resulting in increased production of the butyric acid significantly upregulated the metabolism of ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, thereby improving the antioxidant properties of Hu sheep.
46
Pang, Kaiyue, Shatuo Chai, Yingkui Yang, Xun Wang, Shujie Liu, and ShuXiang Wang. "Dietary forage to concentrate ratios impact on yak ruminal microbiota and metabolites." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (August 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.964564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To improve the rumen fermentation function and growth performance of yaks (Bos grunniens), better understanding of the effect of different dietary forage to concentrate ratios on rumen microbiota and metabolites is needed. In the present study, three diets with different dietary forage to concentrate ratios (50:50, 65:35, and 80:20) were fed to 36 housed male yaks. The changes in the distribution of rumen microorganisms and metabolites and the interactions between them were studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The diversity and richness of microorganisms in the rumen varied according to diet. The most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Firmicutes was the most abundant in the C50 group, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in the C65 group than in the C80 group (p < 0.05). The Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Methanobrevibacter had the highest relative abundances at the genus level. Among them, Christensenellace_R-7_group had the highest relative abundance in the C50 group. The Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was significantly abundant in the C80 group compared with the C50 group. The Methanobrevibacter content was higher in the C65 group than in the other two groups. Both the concentration and metabolic pathways of rumen metabolites were influenced by the dietary concentrate ratio; lipids, lipid-like molecules, organic acid metabolites, and organic oxide-related metabolites differed between the groups. Significant changes were found for six metabolic pathways, including arginine and proline metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; glycerophospholipid metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism; and nitrogen metabolism.
47
Zhang, Xue, Lijuan Han, Linsheng Gui, Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza, Shengzhen Hou, Baochun Yang, Zhiyou Wang, et al. "Metabolome and microbiome analysis revealed the effect mechanism of different feeding modes on the meat quality of Black Tibetan sheep." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (January 6, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1076675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionBlack Tibetan sheep is one of the primitive sheep breeds in China that is famous for its great eating quality and nutrient value but with little attention to the relationship between feeding regimes and rumen metabolome along with its impact on the muscle metabolism and meat quality.MethodsThis study applies metabolomics-based analyses of muscles and 16S rDNA-based sequencing of rumen fluid to examine how feeding regimes influence the composition of rumen microbiota, muscle metabolism and ultimately the quality of meat from Black Tibetan sheep. Twenty-seven rams were randomly assigned to either indoor feeding conditions (SG, n = 9), pasture grazing with indoor feeding conditions (BG, n = 9) or pasture grazing conditions (CG, n = 9) for 120 days.ResultsThe results showed that, compared with BG and CG, SG improved the quality of Black Tibetan sheep mutton by preventing a decline in pH and increasing fat deposition to enhance the color, tenderness and water holding capacity (WHC) of the Longissimus lumborum (LL). Metabolomics and correlation analyses further indicated that the feeding regimes primarily altered amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in muscles, thereby influencing the amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) levels as well as the color, tenderness and WHC of the LL. Furthermore, SG increased the abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group, [Eubacterium] coprostanoligenes group, Methanobrevibacter, Ruminococcus 2 and Quinella, decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Prevotella 1 and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and showed a tendency to decrease the abundance of Succinivibrio and Selenomonas 1. Interestingly, all of these microorganisms participated in the deposition of AAs and FAs and modified the levels of different metabolites involved in the regulation of meat quality (maltotriose, pyruvate, L-ascorbic acid, chenodeoxycholate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, glutathione, etc.).DiscussionOverall, the results suggest that feeding Black Tibetan sheep indoors with composite forage diet was beneficial to improve the mouthfeel of meat, its color and its nutritional value by altering the abundance of rumen bacteria which influenced muscle metabolism.
48
Huang, Chun, Xixi Yao, Fei Ge, Xian Guo, Pengjia Bao, Xiaoming Ma, Xiaoyun Wu, Min Chu, Ping Yan, and Chunnian Liang. "Microbiome and Metabolomics Reveal the Effects of Different Feeding Systems on the Growth and Ruminal Development of Yaks." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (June 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.682989.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The change in the feeding system can greatly improve the growth performance of the yak (Bos grunniens), an important livestock species in the plateau region. Here, we comprehensively compared the effects of different feeding systems on the growth performance and ruminal development of yaks, and investigated the effects of ruminal microorganisms and metabolites using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatograph–mass spectrometer (LC-MS) technologies. We found that compared to traditional grazing feeding, house feeding significantly improved the growth performance (such as average daily gain and net meat weight) and rumen development of the yaks. At the genus level, the abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 Gut group, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 showed significant differences and was closely related to rumen development in the two distinct feeding systems. Also, metabolomics revealed that the change in the feeding system significantly affected the concentration and metabolic pathways of the related rumen metabolites. The metabolites with significant differences were significantly enriched in purine metabolism (xanthine, adenine, inosine, etc.), tyrosine metabolism (L-tyrosine, dopaquinone, etc.), phenylalanine metabolism (dihydro-3-caumaric acid, hippuric acid, etc.), and cAMP signaling pathway [acetylcholine, (-)-epinephrine, etc.]. This study scientifically support the house fattening feeding system for yaks. Also, our results provide new insights into the composition and function of microbial communities that promote ruminal development and in general growth of the yaks.
49
Xue, Benchu, Mei Wu, Shuangming Yue, Anhai Hu, Xiang Li, Qionghua Hong, Zhisheng Wang, Lizhi Wang, Quanhui Peng, and Bai Xue. "Changes in Rumen Bacterial Community Induced by the Dietary Physically Effective Neutral Detergent Fiber Levels in Goat Diets." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (April 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.820509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) is a concept that accounts for the particle length of NDF in a feed, sustaining the normal chewing behavior and rumen fermentation of ruminants. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary peNDF on growth performance and bacterial communities in the rumen of goats through a high-throughput sequencing technique. A total of 30 male Lezhi black goats were randomly assigned to five groups, corresponding to five diets with identical compositions and nutrient levels but with varying forage lengths (the peNDF1.18 contents of the diets were 33.0, 29.9, 28.1, 26.5, and 24.8%, respectively). The whole trial lasted for 44 days. As results show, feed intake and average daily gain were highest when peNDF1.18 content was 26.5%, in which the papilla length of the dorsal sac in rumen was the highest. Chao1 and ACE indexes were similar among the treatments, while Shannon and Simpson indexes of the peNDF1.18 = 28.1% group were the highest (p < 0.05). As the level of dietary peNDF1.18 decreased, the dominant phylum transitioned from Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes. The top three dominant genera of rumen bacteria were Prevotella 1, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, and Christensenellaceae R-7 group. They all showed a quadratic correlation with dietary peNDF1.18 level (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-011 was positively correlated, while that of Prevotella 1 was negatively correlated, with amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism (p < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary peNDF level influenced goat growth performance, rumen development, and rumen bacterial community structures, and a peNDF1.18 level between 26.5 and 28.1% was considered optimal for goat diet.
50
Yan, Xiaoting, Huazhe Si, Yuhang Zhu, Songze Li, Yu Han, Hanlu Liu, Rui Du, Phillip B. Pope, Qiang Qiu, and Zhipeng Li. "Integrated multi-omics of the gastrointestinal microbiome and ruminant host reveals metabolic adaptation underlying early life development." Microbiome 10, no. 1 (December 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-022-01396-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome of ruminants and its metabolic repercussions vastly influence host metabolism and growth. However, a complete understanding of the bidirectional interactions that occur across the host-microbiome axis remains elusive, particularly during the critical development stages at early life. Here, we present an integrative multi-omics approach that simultaneously resolved the taxonomic and functional attributes of microbiota from five GIT regions as well as the metabolic features of the liver, muscle, urine, and serum in sika deer (Cervus nippon) across three key early life stages. Results Within the host, analysis of metabolites over time in serum, urine, and muscle (longissimus lumborum) showed that changes in the fatty acid profile were concurrent with gains in body weight. Additional host transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that fatty acid β-oxidation and metabolism of tryptophan and branched chain amino acids play important roles in regulating hepatic metabolism. Across the varying regions of the GIT, we demonstrated that a complex and variable community of bacteria, viruses, and archaea colonized the GIT soon after birth, whereas microbial succession was driven by the cooperative networks of hub populations. Furthermore, GIT volatile fatty acid concentrations were marked by increased microbial metabolic pathway abundances linked to mannose (rumen) and amino acids (colon) metabolism. Significant functional shifts were also revealed across varying GIT tissues, which were dominated by host fatty acid metabolism associated with reactive oxygen species in the rumen epithelium, and the intensive immune response in both small and large intestine. Finally, we reveal a possible contributing role of necroptosis and apoptosis in enhancing ileum and colon epithelium development, respectively. Conclusions Our findings provide a comprehensive view for the involved mechanisms in the context of GIT microbiome and ruminant metabolic growth at early life.