Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Oxalic acid – Metabolism; Rumen – Microbiology"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Зміст
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Oxalic acid – Metabolism; Rumen – Microbiology".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "Oxalic acid – Metabolism; Rumen – Microbiology"
1
Mäkelä, Miia R., Kristiina Hildén, Annele Hatakka, and Taina K. Lundell. "Oxalate decarboxylase of the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens demonstrates a novel enzyme primary structure and non-induced expression on wood and in liquid cultures." Microbiology 155, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 2726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.028860-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oxalate decarboxylase (ODC) catalyses the conversion of oxalic acid to formic acid and CO2 in bacteria and fungi. In wood-decaying fungi the enzyme has been linked to the regulation of intra- and extracellular quantities of oxalic acid, which is one of the key components in biological decomposition of wood. ODC enzymes are biotechnologically interesting for their potential in diagnostics, agriculture and environmental applications, e.g. removal of oxalic acid from industrial wastewaters. We identified a novel ODC in mycelial extracts of two wild-type isolates of Dichomitus squalens, and cloned the corresponding Ds-odc gene. The primary structure of the Ds-ODC protein contains two conserved Mn-binding cupin motifs, but at the N-terminus, a unique, approximately 60 aa alanine-serine-rich region is found. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed gene expression when the fungus was cultivated on wood and in liquid medium. However, addition of oxalic acid in liquid cultures caused no increase in transcript amounts, thereby indicating a constitutive rather than inducible expression of Ds-odc. The detected stimulation of ODC activity by oxalic acid is more likely due to enzyme activation than to transcriptional upregulation of the Ds-odc gene. Our results support involvement of ODC in primary rather than secondary metabolism in fungi.
2
Guo, Yanxia, Faiz-ul Hassan, Mengwei Li, Huade Xie, Lijuan Peng, Zhenhua Tang, and Chengjian Yang. "Effect of Sodium Nitrate and Cysteamine on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Amino Acid Metabolism and Microbiota in Buffalo." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nitrate is used as a methane inhibitor while cysteamine is considered as a growth promoter in ruminants. The present study evaluated the effect of sodium nitrate and cysteamine on methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, amino acid (AA) metabolism, and rumen microbiota in a low protein diet. Four treatments containing a 0.5 g of substrate were supplemented with 1 mg/mL sodium nitrate (SN), 100 ppm cysteamine hydrochloride (CS), and a combination of SN 1 mg/mL and CS 100 ppm (CS+SN), and a control (no additive) were applied in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group had five replicates. Two experimental runs using in vitro batch culture technique were performed for two consecutive weeks. Total gas and CH4 production were measured in each fermentation bottle at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation. The results showed that SN and CS+SN reduced the production of total gas and CH4, increased the rumen pH, acetate, acetate to propionate ratio (A/P), and microbial protein (MCP) contents (p < 0.05), but decreased other volatile fatty acids (VFA) and total VFA (p = 0.001). The CS had no effect on CH4 production and rumen fermentation parameters except for increasing A/P. The CSN increased the populations of total bacteria, fungi, and methanogens but decreased the diversity and richness of rumen microorganisms. In conclusion, CS+SN exhibited a positive effect on rumen fermentation by increasing the number of fiber degrading and hydrogen-utilizing bacteria, with a desirable impact on rumen fermentation while reducing total gas and CH4 production.
3
Appanna, Vasu D., Robert D. Hamel, and Remi L�vasseur. "The Metabolism of Aluminum Citrate and Biosynthesis of Oxalic Acid in Pseudomonas fluorescens." Current Microbiology 47, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3944-x.
Повний текст джерела
4
Annison, E. F., and W. L. Bryden. "Perspectives on ruminant nutrition and metabolism I. Metabolism in the Rumen." Nutrition Research Reviews 11, no. 2 (December 1998): 173–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr19980014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAdvances in knowledge of ruminant nutrition and metabolism during the second half of the twentieth century have been reviewed. Part I is concerned with metabolism in the rumen: Part II discusses utilization of nutrients absorbed from the rumen and lower tract to support growth and reproduction. The time frame was prompted by the crucial advances in ruminant physiology which arose from the work of Sir Jospeh Barcroft and his colleagues at Cambridge in the 1940s and 50s, and by the brilliant studies of Robert Hungate on rumen microbiology at much the same time.In reviewing the growth of knowledge of the role of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and bacteriophages in the rumen, outstanding developments have included the identification and characterization of fungi and the recognition that the utilization of polysaccharides in the rumen is accomplished by the sequential activities of consortia of rumen microorganisms. The role of protozoa is discussed in relation to the long standing debate on whether or not the removal of protozoa (defaunation) improves the efficiency of ruminant production. In relation to nitrogen (N) metabolism, the predation of bacteria by protozoa increases protein turnover in the rumen and reduces the efficiency of microbial protein production. This may account for the beneficial effects of defaunation where dietary N intakes are low and possibly rate limiting for growth and production.Current approaches to the measurement of rates of production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the rumen based on the mathematical modelling of isotope dilution data are outlined. The absorption of SCFA from the rumen and hindgut is primarily a passive permeation process.The role of microorganisms in N metabolism in the rumen has been discussed in relation to ammonia and urea interrelationships and to current inadequacies in the measurement of both protein degradation in the rumen and microbial protein synthesis. The growth of knowledge of digestion and absorption of dietary lipids has been reviewed with emphasis on the antimicrobial activity of lipids and the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. The protection of unsaturated dietary fats from ruminal biohydrogenation is an approach to the manipulation of the fatty acid composition of meat and dairy products.Discussion of the production of toxins in the rumen and the role of microorganisms in detoxification has focused on the metabolism of oxalate, nitrate, mycotoxins, saponins and the amino acid mimosine. Mimosine occurs in the tropical shrub leucaena, which is toxic to cattle in Australia but not in Hawaii. Tolerance to leucaena stems from the presence of a bacterium found in the rumen of Hawaiian cattle, which when transferred to Australian cattle survives and confers protection from mimosine. The genetic modification of rumen microorganisms to improve their capacity to ultilize nutrients or to detoxify antinutritive factors is an attractive strategy which has been pursued with outstanding success in the case of fluoroacetate. A common rumen bacterium has been genetically modified to express the enzyme fluoroacetate dehalogenase. The modified organism has been shown to survive in the rumen at metabolically significant levels and to confer substantial protection from fluoroacetate poisoning.
5
Hassan, Faiz-ul, Yanxia Guo, Mengwei Li, Zhenhua Tang, Lijuan Peng, Xin Liang, and Chengjian Yang. "Effect of Methionine Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota, Fermentation, and Amino Acid Metabolism in In Vitro Cultures Containing Nitrate." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081717.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study evaluated the effect of methionine on in vitro methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, amino acid (AA) metabolism, and rumen microbiota in a low protein diet. We evaluated three levels of methionine (M0, 0%; M1, 0.28%; and M2, 1.12%) of in the presence of sodium nitrate (1%) in a diet containing elephant grass (90%) and concentrate (10%). We used an in vitro batch culture technique by using rumen fluid from cannulated buffaloes. Total gas and CH4 production were measured in each fermentation bottle at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 h of incubation. Results revealed that M0 decreased (p < 0.001) the total gas and CH4 production, but methionine exhibited no effect on these parameters. M0 decreased (p < 0.05) the individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), while increasing (p < 0.05) the ruminal pH, acetate to propionate ratio, and microbial protein content. Methionine did not affect ruminal AA contents except asparagine, which substantially increased (p = 0.003). M2 increased the protozoa counts, but both M0 and M1 decreased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Firmicutes while increasing (p < 0.05) the Campilobacterota and Proteobacteria. However, Prevotella and γ-Proteobacteria were identified as biomarkers in the nitrate group. Our findings indicate that methionine can increase ruminal asparagine content and the population of Compylobactor.
6
Karekar, Supriya, Renan Stefanini, and Birgitte Ahring. "Homo-Acetogens: Their Metabolism and Competitive Relationship with Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020397.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Homo-acetogens are microbes that have the ability to grow on gaseous substrates such as H2/CO2/CO and produce acetic acid as the main product of their metabolism through a metabolic process called reductive acetogenesis. These acetogens are dispersed in nature and are found to grow in various biotopes on land, water and sediments. They are also commonly found in the gastro-intestinal track of herbivores that rely on a symbiotic relationship with microbes in order to breakdown lignocellulosic biomass to provide the animal with nutrients and energy. For this motive, the fermentation scheme that occurs in the rumen has been described equivalent to a consolidated bioprocessing fermentation for the production of bioproducts derived from livestock. This paper reviews current knowledge of homo-acetogenesis and its potential to improve efficiency in the rumen for production of bioproducts by replacing methanogens, the principal H2-scavengers in the rumen, thus serving as a form of carbon sink by deviating the formation of methane into bioproducts. In this review, we discuss the main strategies employed by the livestock industry to achieve methanogenesis inhibition, and also explore homo-acetogenic microorganisms and evaluate the members for potential traits and characteristics that may favor competitive advantage over methanogenesis, making them prospective candidates for competing with methanogens in ruminant animals.
7
El-Waziry, Ahmed M., and Ryoji Onodera. "In Vitro Metabolism of the Stereoisomers of 2,6-Diaminopimelic Acid by Mixed Rumen Protozoa and Bacteria." Current Microbiology 33, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900119.
Повний текст джерела
8
Huang, Guangping, Sixin Zhang, Chunxue Zhou, Xiaoli Tang, Chao Li, Chaoyue Wang, Xinming Tang, et al. "Influence ofEimeria falciformisInfection on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Pathways in Mice." Infection and Immunity 86, no. 5 (February 12, 2018): e00073-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00073-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTCoccidiosis, caused by different species ofEimeriaparasites, is an economically important disease of poultry and livestock worldwide. Here we report previously unknown alterations in the gut microbes and metabolism of BALB/c mice infected withEimeria falciformis. Specifically, we observed a significant shift in the abundance of cecal bacteria and disrupted metabolism in parasitized animals. The relative abundances ofLachnospiraceaebacterium NK4A136,Ruminiclostridium,Alistipes, andLactobacillusdeclined in response toE. falciformisinfection, whereasEscherichia,Shigella,Helicobacter,Klebsiella, andBacteroideswere increased. Carbohydrate and amino acid metabolites in the serum samples of infected mice were significantly altered compared to naïve controls. Levels of amino acids, including asparagine, histidine,l-cysteine, tryptophan, lysine, glycine, serine, alanine, proline, ornithine, methionine, and valine, decreased on day 7 postinfection before returning to baseline on day 14. In addition, increased levels of indolelactate and mannitol and a reduced amount of oxalic acid indicated impaired carbon metabolism upon parasitic infection. These data demonstrate that intestinal coccidial infection perturbs the microbiota and disrupts carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
9
Cancino-Padilla, Nathaly, Natalia Catalán, Karen Siu-Ting, Christopher J. Creevey, Sharon A. Huws, Jaime Romero, and Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. "Long-Term Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on the Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dietary lipids increase energy density in dairy cow diets and in some cases can increase beneficial fatty acids (FA) in milk and dairy products. However, the degree of FA saturation may affect the rumen microbiome. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) or unsaturated (olive oil; OO) fatty acid (FA) sources on the rumen microbiome of dairy cows. For 63 days, 15 mid-lactating cows were fed with either a basal diet (no fat supplement), or the basal diet supplemented with 3% dry matter (DM), either HVO or OO. Rumen contents were collected on days 21, 42 and 63 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results reveal dominance of the phyla Firmicutes (71.5%) and Bacteroidetes (26.2%), and their respective prevalent genera Succiniclasticum (19.4%) and Prevotella (16.6%). Succiniclasticum increased with both treatments at all time points. Prevotella was reduced on day 42 in both diets. Bacterial diversity alpha or beta were not affected by diets. Predicted bacterial functions by CowPI showed changes in energy and protein metabolism. Overall, 3% DM of lipid supplementation over 63 days can be used in dairy cow diets without major impacts on global bacterial community structure.
10
Morrison, M., R. M. Murray, and A. N. Boniface. "Nutrient metabolism and rumen micro-organisms in sheep fed a poor-quality tropical grass hay supplemented with sulphate." Journal of Agricultural Science 115, no. 2 (October 1990): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600075237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SUMMARYA feeding trial was performed during 1986, in Townsville, Australia, to describe alterations in nutrient metabolism, and the coincident gross changes in rumen microbiology, when a sulphurdeficient diet was supplemented with inorganic sulphur. Eight Merino sheep were fedad libituma spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) hay of low sulphur content (0·4 g/kg DM), supplemented with all other essential minerals. Upon supplementation, daily sulphur intake was increased toc.0·75 g and four animals continued to be fedad libitum(group A) whilst the remaining animals were restricted in feed intake (group B). Sulphur supplementation caused a twofold increase in the feed intake of group A (P< 0·05). In both groups of animals, sulphur supplementation increased the fermentation of cotton thread cellulose (P< 0·05), as well as of ground plant dry matter (P< 0·05), suspended in the rumen in nylon bags for 24 and 48 h. The apparent digestibility of organic matter (AOMD) was also increased by sulphur supplementation; from 30·6 to 39·3% in group A (P< 0·05) and from 35·1 to 41·5% in group B (P> 0·05). The difference in AOMD between groups with sulphur supplementation was not significant, despite group B maintaining a longer retention of fluid digesta in the rumen (20·7 v. 25·3 h) with a significantly lowered rumen volume (4·68 v 3·67 litres,P< 0·05) and outflow of fluid digesta from this site (5·31 v 3·58 litres/day,P< 0·05). Sulphur supplementation increased the molar proportion of acetic acid in rumen fluid (P< 0·05) but lowered propionic and butyric acids in group A (P< 0·05). Only the molar proportion of propionic acid in rumen fluid was significantly lowered in group B (P< 0·05). In both groups of animals, counts of fluid-borne rumen bacteria, protozoa and sporangia of rumen anaerobic fungi (RAF) all increased significantly with sulphur supplementation (P< 0·05 in all instances), but no significant differences were observed between groups in microbial counts, despite the different feeding regimes. The increase in sporangial forms of RAF was most marked; no sporangial forms were detectable until the diet was supplemented with sulphate and measurable concentrations of rumen sulphide were observed. This is the first account of nondetectable concentrations of RAF brought about by the nutritional status of the diet.
Дисертації з теми "Oxalic acid – Metabolism; Rumen – Microbiology"
1
Bottrill, Stephen. "Comparative studies of oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase produced by soil and ruminal bacteria." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANM/09anmb751.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: leaves 139-167 The aim of this project was to identify an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of oxalate which would be suitable for degrading oxalate in the rumen, and clone and characterise that gene.
2
Hutton, Peter. "Antimicrobial plants of Australia have the potential to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminants." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
[Truncated abstract] Antimicrobial growth promoters are added to feed to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminant animals by selectively inhibiting rumen bacteria that produce lactic acid. However, recently imposed or impending bans on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal production have lead to a critical need to find practical alternatives that are safe for the animal and consumer and that obtain similar production benefits. I investigated bioactive plants of Australia for their potential to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminants. The unifying hypothesis tested was that plants would be identified that selectively inhibit lactic acid-producing bacteria and consequently protect against lactic acidosis. This hypothesis was tested in a three phase process: phase 1, plant selection and collection; phase 2, a three stage protocol for screening plants and essential oils; phase 3, in vivo experiments and chemical fractionation of the most promising plant. I developed an in vitro bioassay that simulated acidosis by adding glucose to rumen fluid in Bellco tubes and incubating for 5 h (Chapter 4). The pH and gas production were used as indicators of acidosis and fermentation activity. I used this bioassay to screen ninety-five plants (dried and ground material from 79 species) and ten essential oils and included a negative control (oaten chaff) and a positive control (virginiamycin). One plant, Eremophila glabra, produced a similar pH (5.63) to the positive control (5.43) although it inhibited gas production to a moderate extent (P < 0.05). ... Seven serrulatane diterpenes were identified to be the major secondary metabolites in E. glabra. The metabolites were screened using a broth dilution and microtitre spectrophotometry method and were selective against S. bovis at between 320 and 1077 [mu]g/ mL. The serrulatanes from E. glabra were probably responsible for the activity against acidosis that I observed in vitro, because they selectively inhibited lactateproducing bacteria. It is also possible that a synergy between serrulatanes and possibly other metabolites are responsible for the activity observed in vitro. The results from my experiments support the role that bioactive plants may have to replace the antibiotics that are added to livestock feed. Australian plants were identified containing compounds that were active against the bacterial processes responsible for ruminant acidosis. To my knowledge this is the first work undertaken to identify bioactive plants of Australia for their potential to prevent acidosis. I developed in vitro screening bioassays that targeted key indicators of acidosis. These bioassays enabled me to identify 5 plants from the 104 screened that could potentially control acidosis. One of these plants in particular, E. glabra, showed a level of activity in vitro that was comparable to antibiotic protection against acidosis. The exciting in vitro results were not demonstrated in vivo but only one dose level of E. glabra was used, which was based on the in vitro work. In contrast to the in vitro system the rumen is a continuous flow system with greater complexity and it is possible that the concentration of E. glabra that I used in vivo was not optimum. This places importance on future dose response experiments to confirm the efficacy of E. glabra in vivo.
3
Bottrill, Stephen. "Comparative studies of oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase produced by soil and ruminal bacteria." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/109647.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this project was to identify an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of oxalate which would be suitable for degrading oxalate in the rumen, and clone and characterise that gene.Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 2000
4
Peng, Hai Hong. "Rumen microbial degradation of diaminobutyric acid, a non-protein amino acid : thesis submitted for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in the University of Adelaide, South Australia / by Hai Hong Peng." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"January 2003"Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-204)
xx, 204 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 2003