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1
He, Yandiao, and Longzi Wang. "Evolution of Overseas Chinese Investment Policies Since the Reform and Opening up." International Journal of Education and Humanities 14, no. 3 (June 16, 2024): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ef088273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has been booming and changing with each passing day. This rapid development momentum has promoted the continuous improvement and promotion of overseas Chinese investment policies. The evolution of overseas Chinese investment policies is driven by the actual needs of China’s economic development and is closely linked to the process of the country’s reform and opening up. Whether it is the encouragement measures introduced by the central government or the preferential policies and implementation rules formulated by local governments based on local characteristics, they fully demonstrate the flexibility and adaptability of overseas Chinese investment policies. This flexible policy adjustment has greatly stimulated the investment enthusiasm of overseas Chinese, as we expected, injecting strong impetus into the prosperity of China’s economy and the deepening of reform and opening up. It is worth mentioning that overseas Chinese investment not only brings financial support, but also introduces advanced technology and management experience, which plays a decisive role in promoting the rapid development of China’s economy.
2
Pieke, Frank N. "Four Models of China's Overseas Chinese Policies." China Information 2, no. 1 (June 1987): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x8700200102.
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3
May, Kevin. "Chinese agricultural overseas investment: Trends, policies and CSR." Transnational Corporations 22, no. 3 (December 14, 2015): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/6b027ad5-en.
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4
Gnomblerou, Edna. "Chinese Overseas M&As in Pakistan." China and the World 02, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729319500226.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chinese policies toward foreign investments have been increasingly flexible, precisely those concerning the transfer of their capital toward international markets as willed by the “Going Global” policy initiated in the early 2000s. In this flow, several cases of corporate combinations have occurred around the world between Chinese firms and others. This paper analyzes the case of Paktel and China Mobile that took place in 2007, in the era prior to the new leading Chinese initiative called the One Belt and One Road (OBOR), with the purpose of better understanding the motives and the framework of this strategic corporate behavior. After analyzing the case from the theories of firm internationalization and institution-based view, the paper suggests that the loosening of Chinese policies toward foreign investments in the beginning of the 21st century has greatly influenced the growing level of Chinese overseas investments and mostly has boosted Chinese Merger and Acquisition (M&A) deals around the world. However, in Pakistan only few cases of M&As have been recorded during the observed period. Additionally, the paper found evidence to support good firm performance in post-M&A era for the Chinese firms. These imply that policies established by institutions have an impact on firms’ organizational strategic decision-making and that Chinese firms can perform well on international markets. Due to the qualitative methodology used in this research, the suggestions and implications are limited but still provide some highlights on the effects of institution-based investment policies on firm’s strategic behaviors. Further, the paper could be extended to an analysis of the Chinese M&As in Pakistan in the post-OBOR era for more cases can be expected with the effective enforcement of the initiative in Pakistan.
5
Thunø, Mette. "Reaching Out and Incorporating Chinese Overseas: The Trans-territorial Scope of the PRC by the End of the 20th Century." China Quarterly 168 (December 2001): 910–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443901000535.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Examining the policies of the PRC towards Chinese overseas, this paper argues that since the 1990s China has been actively extending its territorial reach to encompass Chinese living outside the sovereignty of the Chinese state. Gradual changes in conceptions and methods to establish allegiances and attract increased financial investments and remittances have re-configured the Chinese state's relationships to Chinese living overseas. By analysing official documents, and through interviews with officials in Fujian (1998–2000), the author identifies two major political shifts in conceptualization. The first appeared in the late 1970s when Chinese citizens living mainly in South-East Asia were again recognized as an important source of revenue to China. A decade later, new policies were introduced appealing to ethnic Chinese and “new migrants” who had left China after 1978. It is discussed how this political adjustment fundamentally transformed the approach towards the Chinese overseas from passive anticipation of being able to gain resources to active state liaison with ethnic Chinese by calling upon their cultural and national loyalties to China.
6
Zheng (郑丽洁), Lijie, Mariëtte de Haan, and Willem Koops. "Overseas Chinese Educational Strategies and Its Policy Implications." Journal of Chinese Overseas 15, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 171–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341401.
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Abstract This paper assesses whether China’s policies for providing educational support to overseas Chinese match the educational needs of current Chinese immigrants around the world. Firstly, the paper presents the different migration backgrounds of four waves of Chinese global migration in contemporary history: labor immigrants to the Global North, international students in the Global North, businessmen in the Global South and the new rich investors in the Global North. Using the concept of intergenerational contract, we found the four waves have distinct parental investment strategies in relation to their migration background, which comes along with their different educational needs. After carefully reviewing China’s policies in overseas education in terms of the assumptions, purpose and background of their implementation, we argue that these policies are outdated and serve the needs of only a limited number of Chinese immigrants due to their ignoring the variety of certain intergenerational contracts. Lastly, some specific suggestions for policy makers are given.
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Stern, Lewis M. "Vietnamese communist policies towards the overseas Chinese, 1930–60." Journal of Communist Studies 2, no. 1 (March 1986): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523278608414796.
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Shen, Huifen. "Qiaojuan Politics: Government Policies toward the Left-Behind Family Members of Chinese Overseas, 1880s-1990s." Journal of Chinese Overseas 6, no. 1 (2010): 43–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325410x491464.
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AbstractSince the late 19th century, the emigration of Chinese has left large numbers of their family members (Qiaojuan) behind in China. These “left-behind relatives” were seen as a channel through which the government could influence the attitudes and behaviors of the Chinese overseas especially in relation to overseas remittances to families remaining in China; the Qiaojuan thus became a group that successive Chinese governments treated with special consideration in their policy-making. Before 1949, some Qiaojuan received favorable treatment and a degree of protection from extortion and theft, and these were extended to the whole group of Qiaojuan regarding their property and legitimate rights in the post-1949 era, with the exception of the period when the “ultra-Left” policy was implemented. Many Qiaojuan actively used their privileged status to pursue their interests through the transnational protection networks. This article examines the changing perceptions of and policies toward the Qiaojuan on the part of various Chinese governments between the 1880s and the 1990s. It demonstrates that the changing socio-political status of the Qiaojuan is contingent upon the government’s perceived importance of the Chinese overseas and the Qiaojuan in an era of rapid national development.
9
Brandner, Tobias. "Chinese Missionaries in Cross-Cultural Overseas Mission: Emergence of a New Missionary Nation?" International Bulletin of Mission Research 47, no. 3 (June 22, 2023): 356–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969393221138714.
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This article traces the emergence of Chinese Christians’ participation in cross-cultural overseas mission. It shows how Chinese Christians emerge as a significant new force in world mission and how they navigate their path between China’s growing economic clout and repressive religious policies at home and in most of their targeted destinations. Based on contacts with Chinese missionaries and mission trainers and facilitators, it identifies different groups engaged in mission and analyzes motives in the Chinese missionary endeavors and how the presence of Chinese Christian missionaries adds a different layer to the complexities of Chinese overseas activities.
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Liu (刘国福), Guofu, and Qian Zhu (朱倩). "Determining Diasporic Chinese Identities from a Legal Perspective in China." Journal of Chinese Overseas 15, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 258–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341404.
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Abstract The Chinese diaspora broadly includes the groups of huaren (华人, ethnic Chinese of different nationalities), huaqiao (华侨, overseas Chinese who are Chinese citizens overseas), guiqiao (归侨, returned overseas Chinese), and qiaojuan (侨眷, relatives in China of overseas Chinese). In the Chinese legal system, the determining of Chinese diasporic status is an important issue in the Chinese diaspora law, as it pertains to the protection of diaspora rights and interests by governmental authorities. The diaspora law in China identifies Chinese diasporic status and grants rights and duties according to nationality and residential qualifications but does not consider the actual contact between the Chinese diaspora and China. This has caused substantive legal procedural issues regarding the confirmation of the legal identity of Chinese diaspora and the issuing of relevant certifications both in China and abroad. These legal issues have presented significant challenges for the Chinese government in its efforts to engage with and manage the Chinese diaspora and it has created a bureaucratic barrier to the protection of their rights and interests. This paper aims to explore the current issues in determining the legal status of the Chinese diaspora, to critically review relevant laws, policies, and empirical research, and to suggest possible solutions for improving diaspora law in the legal system.
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Cheung, Gordon Chi Kai, and Edmund Terence Gomez. "“When Margaret Thatcher met the Chinese”." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 8, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-04-2015-0031.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the UK’s small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) policies under Margaret Thatcher’s era in the 1980s, with a view to understand the success stories, historical development and the structures of Chinese family business through a case study of See Woo Holdings Ltd. Design/methodology/approach The authors have achieved the objective on the study of the SMEs policies under Margaret Thatcher through critical evaluation of the historical literatures, books, journals and newspapers. The study on overseas Chinese business and the case of See Woo Holdings Ltd. is mainly through the research of the Chinese overseas in the UK and Southeast Asia, and the companies report from the Companies House in the UK. The authors have used the latest 2011 UK Census statistics and academic reports to locate the most current demographic changes and Chinese business characteristics in the UK and the Northeast of England. Findings First, the UK’s SMEs policies under Margaret Thatcher were quite receptive towards the ethnic business. Second, the case of See Woo Holdings Ltd. indicates that family business networks are still one of the characteristics of Chinese business. Finally, the broader UK’s SMEs policies play an important role in this case study. Originality/value The authors provide a tentative linkage between the UK’s SMEs policies under Margaret Thatcher and Chinese family business. In addition, the case study of See Woo Holdings Ltd. improves the current understanding of Chinese family business with a clearer picture about their structure, practice, characteristics and development.
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Hou, Puze, and Hanrui Liu. "Analysis of Dual Nationality of Overseas Chinese in Indonesia During the Period of Sukarno Government." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 5, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/5/20220738.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indonesia has the largest number of overseas Chinese in the world and is the first country to attempt to resolve the issue of dual nationality since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. By analyzing Indonesias and Chinas attitudes and policies, the paper attempts to reconstruct their situation at the time. The existence of dual nationality created a series of legal problems and troubles with national identity and affected overseas Chineses stable economic and social life. By searching through various historical sources, the paper reconstructs the process of signing the Treaty between the Peoples Republic of China and the Republic of Indonesia on Dual nationality. After the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, many diplomatic efforts were made, and numerous negotiations with the Indonesian government led to the signing of the Treaty. The Treaty means that China formally renounced dual nationality, which was significant for the new-built country to announce its firm determination to safeguard its sovereignty, ease the sharp conflicts with the Southeast Asian region and protect the interests of overseas Chinese. However, the validation of the Treaty was too short, and it failed to achieve its maximum benefits. It was not well thought out and caused some Indonesian Chinese to lose their nationality, which affected their everyday economic and social life; it encouraged overseas Chinese to actively join their host countries, which was a loss of a series of resources to build the motherland.
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Qiuyu, G. "Protection System for Investment Interests of Chinese Enterprises Abroad." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 9 (2022): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-9-82-89.
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China’s direct overseas investment policy shows a significant shift from the “going global” strategy to the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. The active promotion of the government and the breakthrough initiative of state-owned enterprises became the hallmark of China’s direct investments abroad. The main advantage of direct investments of Chinese companies is the government guidance and service. The Chinese government provides political guidance and certain services to companies that implement their needs for investments abroad, helping them to go out into the outside world and securing their interests abroad. This is where the special advantages of the country come out. This article analyses legal documents, policies and regulations adopted by the Chinese government since 2000 in order to provide the protection for overseas investment of the national state and private enterprises. Only through the combination of the four components of the system, such as the adoption of laws and regulations, the implementation of regulatory policies, the adoption of preventive measures, and the use of crisis response mechanisms, it is possible to ensure the situation when the overseas investment of Chinese companies will continue to grow, and it will be possible to prevent or even avoid the adverse effects of perceived political risks in the country of investment and achieve the goal of ensuring “safe and sustainable” foreign investment. The author formulates political recommendations for the nowadays implementation of the specific advantages of the state in order to fulfill a better protection for the overseas investment interests of Chinese enterprises.
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Johnson, Graham E., and Woon Fong-Yuen. "The Response to Rural Reform in an Overseas Chinese Area: Examples from Two Localities in the Western Pearl River Delta Region, South China1." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 1 (February 1997): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016929.
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AbstarctA major transformation has occurred in rural China since reform policies were initiated in 1979. It has been particularly dramatic in the highly commercialized Pearl River delta region of the southern province of Guangdong, provenance of most North Americans of Chinese origin. The delta region has become firmly incorporated into the global economy and its external linkages, especially to Hong Kong, have been central in the process of change. The responses to reform in the areas of the delta dominated by an Overseas Chinese presence have been distinctive. Varied family economic strategies have arisen to meet the opportunities implicit in the new policies for rural reform in a region in which remittances from abroad are significant. There has also been the revival of complex kinship groupings (lineages) energized by Overseas Chinese communities, which have assumed important roles in regional economic development.
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Qiao, Yiyun, and Pan Wang. "Feasibility Study on Policies of Comprehensive Solutions for Recycling of Overseas Retired Batteries." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (November 22, 2022): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v3i3.2989.
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Climate change is one of the grimmest challenges for the words. As the growth of Chinese new energy vehicle-marking industry, the exporting volume of Chinese NEV increasing corespndently. Accompanying with the exporting volume, the amount of retired NEV has been growing as well. As tightened global environmental protection policies, issues of battery recycling has attracted the attention from many countries especially from our exporting destination. For Chinese export enterprises, how to recycle and dispose of the batteries exported overseas, whether to recycle in local or return to China, the first step requires us to carry out policy research.
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Chen, Tianyi. "The Impact of ESG Performance on Chinese Enterprises' Overseas Operations." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 35 (July 4, 2024): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/092afn25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At present, developed countries and regions have adopted more cautious policies and set more environmental trade barriers for foreign environmental investment and trading. Under this background, ESG concept, which is in line with the current economic development background, has attracted more attention from the academic and practical circles. Based on the integration of existing literature, this study believes that there is a significant positive correlation between ESG performance and the overseas operation ability of enterprises, and the transformation efficiency of Chinese enterprises' ESG advantages in overseas operations shows obvious heterogeneity at the two levels of enterprises and the host country markets, so this study divides the mechanism of ESG performance on the overseas operation of Chinese enterprises into external and internal levels to explore and clarify, so as to advocate the vigorous development of ESG and promote Chinese enterprises to go to the world with high standards.
17
Gao, Yijia, Yuanyan Ma, Yaxin Li, Yuanji Zhao, Zhen Zeng, Xiaozhi Yao, and Yingjun Nie. "Prevalence and correlates of mental disorders among Chinese overseas students during the COVID-19: A multi-regional cross-sectional analysis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 13, 2024): e0303283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303283.
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Background The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond physical health, significantly affecting mental health. Chinese overseas students are particularly susceptible to the adverse psychological effects of the pandemic. Understanding the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in this population is essential for developing targeted interventions and support systems. Methods Employing a snowball sampling technique, this study recruited Chinese overseas students from diverse regions. The 50-item Self-evaluation Table was utilized to assess the presence of mental disorders. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, 95% confidence intervals, means, and standard deviations, characterized the survey population. The chi-square test identified disparities among categorical variables, while logistic regression explored risk factors for mental disorders among Chinese overseas students. Results Out of the total sample size of 10,864 Chinese overseas students, a staggering 7,090 (65.4%) met the diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. Furthermore, the degree of mental disorder varied significantly across different regions (p < 0.001), education levels (p < 0.05), the duration of anti-epidemic measures (p < 0.05), and age (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in terms of gender (p > 0.05). Several risk factors contributing to the mental disorder burden among Chinese overseas students during the pandemic were identified, including the seriousness of the epidemic in their residential area, the apprehension of getting infected, anxieties regarding academic performance, the infection control policies implemented by the host government, preventive measures taken locally to counter the epidemic, and challenges encountered in returning to their home country. Conclusion Given the significant challenges in mental health faced by Chinese overseas students during the COVID-19 crisis, addressing their specific needs and implementing tailored measures is imperative. Future public health emergencies should consider the potential mental disorders and disease risks faced by Chinese overseas students. By providing comprehensive support and targeted interventions, policymakers, educational institutions, and healthcare providers can help mitigate the adverse psychological effects and promote the well-being of this vulnerable population.
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Hong, Eunsuk, and Laixiang Sun. "Dynamics of Internationalization and Outward Investment: Chinese Corporations' Strategies." China Quarterly 187 (September 2006): 610–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006000403.
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China's success in attracting the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been well documented. Less known is the initial success of China's “going out” strategy, which encourages domestic enterprises to participate in international capital market and to directly invest overseas. This article assesses the aggregate dynamics of China's outward FDI in a comparative prism. It traces the strategic shift of Chinese overseas investment in both arenas of government policy and corporate entrepreneurship. An emphasis is on the particularistic policies of the government and active responses of enterprises to the challenges and opportunities offered by globalization and the deepening reform. The article also discusses the strategic implications of emerging Chinese multinationals for their Western counterpart.
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Shim, Juhyung. "The Politics on the Restoration of the ‘Inconvenient Heritage’: Focused on the Restoration Project of ‘the Guangdong Assembly Hall’ in the Ancient Quarter of Vietnam’s Capital City, Hanoi." Institute for Historical Studies at Chung-Ang University 57 (December 30, 2022): 143–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2022.57.143.
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This paper tries to analyze the cultural heritage of ethnic Chinese and overseas Chinese in Vietnam from the perspective of ‘inconvenient heritage,’ focusing on the restoration of ‘the Guangdong Assembly Hall’ located in the ancient quarter of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Firstly, it traces the change in the perspectives and policies of cultural heritage as a resource appropriated for the state-building, nationalism, and the governmentality of the party-state through Vietnam's historical trajectory of cultural heritage management, preservation, and restoration. Secondly, it discusses the possibility of the concept of inconvenient heritage as an instrumental tool, and examines the ‘inconvenient’ historicity of Vietnamese ethnic Chinese, overseas Chinese and Hanoi as the capital city of Vietnam. In particular, it attempts to unravel how the complex history of the Chinese migration and the political vulnerabilities of ethnic Chinese and overseas Chinese unfold the horizon of interpretation of cultural intimacy formed through mutual exchange between Vietnamese and Chinese people. Finally, it tries to analyze the restoration project of the Guangdong Assembly Hall in the ancient quarter of Hanoi in terms of historicity and politics of memory. As a conclusion, this paper suggests that the politics of memory on contemporary cultural heritage such as cultural heritage of a specific population, especially an ethnic minority and immigrant group, is eventually in line with how to secure a horizon of mutual understanding of inherent “inconvenience.”
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Ford, Caleb. "Guiqiao (Returned Overseas Chinese) Identity in the prc归侨的认同意识". Journal of Chinese Overseas 10, № 2 (26 листопада 2014): 239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341283.
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Beginning in the early 1950s there were tens of thousands of ethnic Chinese who chose to ‘return’ to the People’s Republic of China (prc). Until fairly recently, little attention has been given to the approximately 600,000 ethnic Chinese who chose to immigrate to China from locations throughout Southeast Asia, as well as further afield in the first few decades after the founding of theprc. There were many factors influencing their migration to a country that many had never stepped foot on. However, it is clear that the Chinese state made a concerted attempt to rally the support (capital and immigration) of overseas Chinese communities. Many of the returnees were resettled on one of dozens of ‘Overseas Chinese Farms’ (huaqiao nongchang) scattered throughout the provinces of southern China. Outside of China they were considered ‘Chinese’ and foreign, juxtaposed against the local or ‘indigenous’ identities that had taken shape in tandem with the independence of former colonies in Southeast Asia and the rise of modern nationalism. Upon their ‘return’ to what was, for many, an imagined ancestral homeland — a country many of them had never seen — they were confronted with a different type of discrimination and suspicion than they faced ‘abroad’. This was despite, and in some cases because of, certain favorable policies enacted by the party state to assist in their relocation and assimilation into society. Ironically, some of the same policies that sought to gradually assimilate them into Chinese society actually reinforced their position as ‘permanent outsiders’: the creation of an official ‘huaqiao’ legal status; institutionalized segregation in the form ofhuaqiao nongchang, huaqiao villages, andhuaqiao schools; and a resultant pariah status that did not begin to recede until after the reforms of the late 1970s. While the concept of ‘huaqiao’ (overseas Chinese sojourners) was falling out of use among Chinese communities abroad, the word was taking on a new meaning in theprc, both for the Chinese party state, and for those who would come to self-identify ashuaqiao/guiqiao.
21
Mao, Zhuxin, Bohao Chen, Wei Wang, Paul Kind, and Pei Wang. "Investigating the Self-Reported Health Status of Domestic and Overseas Chinese Populations during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063043.
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To control the spread of COVID-19, governments in different countries and regions implemented various types of lockdown and outdoor restrictions. The research aimed to describe and compare the health status of Chinese people both domestically and abroad in this global health crisis. An online questionnaire survey was distributed to Chinese mainland citizens living in Hubei (the lockdown province), outside Hubei, and those living abroad in 2020. A total of 1000 respondents were recruited and reported worse health status compared with Chinese population norms. People living in Hubei reported worse health status than those living outside Hubei but revealed better health status than overseas respondents. It was clear that the pandemic as well as strict lockdown and outdoor restriction policies affected Chinese people’s health. It is important for the Chinese government to be aware of the negative impact of such strict policies and to take measures to reduce the panic of society when implementing similar policies in the future. It also implies that governments in other countries should promote social support for those who live far from home and actively call for support for non-discriminatory attitudes toward ethnic minorities.
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Văn Chính, Nguyễn. "Ethnic Chinese in the Sino-Vietnamese Borderlands." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 16, no. 4 (2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2021.16.4.1.
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This study examines the immigration history, cultural characteristics, and political construction of the ethnic identity of the Chinese communities in the northeastern borderlands of Vietnam. It considers Vietnam’s policies toward the Chinese as applied in the border region before and after the 1979 border war. It suggests that states view ethnicity from the lens of national political cohesion and therefore see ethnicity as a means to obtain both foreign and domestic objectives. Thus, when China-Vietnam relations became strained, the overseas Chinese in the borderlands were caught in the middle of the confrontation.
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Wong, Ting-Hong. "College Admissions, International Competition, and the Cold War in Asia: The Case of Overseas Chinese Students in Taiwan in the 1950s." History of Education Quarterly 56, no. 2 (May 2016): 331–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12185.
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Focusing only on education exchanges between the United States and other countries, existing scholarship fails to illuminate how American-sponsored student migrations between other countries helped expand U.S. hegemony. This article attempts to rectify this limitation by looking at Taiwan's policies on overseas Chinese students (qiaosheng) in the 1950s. After the debacle of the Chinese Civil War and its retreat to Taiwan, the Kuomintang (KMT) sought to solicit overseas Chinese support and to counter Communist China's drive for “returning students.” The KMT-developed qiaosheng program faced difficulties until 1954, when the United States, seeing that Taiwan's project could serve its anti-Communist plan, started bankrolling the qiaosheng program, thereby enabling the KMT to lure more students away from Communist China. These findings suggest that overlooking U.S.-sponsored student migrations between nations outside the United States renders our analysis of international education exchanges and American imperialism incomplete.
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Beng Yap, Kenneth. "The Impact of Host Country Policies on the Overseas Chinese Family in Singapore." Journal of Macromarketing 30, no. 4 (July 22, 2010): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146710376836.
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To, James. "Beijing's Policies for Managing Han and Ethnic-Minority Chinese Communities Abroad." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 41, no. 4 (December 2012): 183–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261204100407.
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The overseas Chinese (OC) form a vast network of powerful interest groups and important political actors capable of shaping the future of China from abroad by transmitting values back to their ancestral homeland (Tu 1991). While the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) welcomes and actively seeks to foster relations with the OC in order to advance China's national interests, some cohorts may be hostile to the regime. In accordance with their distinct demographic and ethnic profiles, the CCP's qiaowu ([Formula: see text], OC affairs) infrastructure serves to entice, co-opt, or isolate various OC groupings. This article summarises the policies for managing different subsets of OC over the past three decades, and argues that through qiaowu, the CCP has successfully unified cooperative groups for China's benefit, while preventing discordant ones from eroding its grip on power.
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Bolt, Paul J. "Looking to the Diaspora: The Overseas Chinese and China’s Economic Development, 1978–1994." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 5, no. 3 (December 1996): 429–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.5.3.429.
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Throughout the second half of this century, many forces have come to erode the autonomy and sovereignty of states, both at the supranational and the subnational levels. At the supranational level, transnational organizations, both official and non-governmental, exert pressure on states to conform to their collective policies and standards. Multinational growth triangles also reject the nation-state as a fundamental economic unit. At the subnational level, the state faces the challenge of managing various regions in a manner that allows regional governments the flexibility to form policies corresponding to local conditions while the center continues to maintain sufficient power to deal with national problems.
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Ma, Xiaojing, Tae-hoon Kim, and Byeong-chan Kim. "A Qualitative Case Study on the Adaptation of Chinese Students to University Life in Corona Era." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 16 (August 31, 2022): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.16.173.
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Objectives This study define the characteristics of the adaptation of Chinese students in South Korea during COVID-19, so suggest the direction about deep understanding on overseas students in a serious incident situation. Methods The researchers selected 5 Chinese students and 1 sub informant and conducted a qualitative case study. Collecting data with participation observation and in-depth interview and analyzing the characteristics of adapting experience in COVID-19 era by coding and categorizing the data. Results The adaptation phenomenon of Chinese students studying in South Korea during COVID-19 is shown as “chaos and confusion,” “difficult to adapt,” “increasing stress,” “overcome and move on”. Chinese international students have encountered a series of difficulties due to the changes in teaching methods and learning environment after the COVID-19 outbreak, and interpersonal communication is more online. Conclusions Chinese overseas students have new psychological pressure and the previous methods to relieve the pressure are no longer applicable and new solutions must be found. In order to create a better education environment in a unexpected situation like COVID-19, in addition to the efforts of Chinese students themselves, schools and society should also improve the relevant policies and systems.
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Tai, Qiuqing, and Rory Truex. "Public Opinion towards Return Migration: A Survey Experiment of Chinese Netizens." China Quarterly 223 (August 4, 2015): 770–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741015000879.
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AbstractChina has adopted preferential measures in hopes of luring back overseas talent, but what determines individual attitudes towards returning migrants and policies promoting return migration? This paper addresses this question using an original survey experiment of Chinese netizens. We argue that attitudes towards return migration are driven by two competing perceptions: on one hand, skilled migrants are widely thought to have beneficial effects on the local economy; on the other, domestic citizens may be wary of policies that offer elite returnees excessive benefits. The findings imply that the CCP may face a delicate trade-off between the economic benefits of return migration and the social costs of increasing inequality.
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Chen, Lu. "Push-Pull Factors Influencing Chinese Mainland Students Attending IBCs: A Case Study." SHS Web of Conferences 171 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317103007.
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This qualitative study, applying in-depth interview and push-pull theory, analyzed the factors influencing Chinese students’ choices to attend international branch campuses (IBCs) in China. The results showed that the pull factors can be found from admission policies, pedagogical characteristics, and postgraduation issues, while the push factors are caused by China’s higher education entrance examination. This study also discussed the reverse-push and reverse-pull factors, finding that the overseas universities tend to have a pull force that attracting Chinese students to leave IBCs, and factors like social recognition and course arrangement may discourage Chinese students to attend IBCs.
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Kwan, Fung. "Guangdong in the Twenty-first Century: Stagnation or Second Take-off? Edited by Joseph Y.S. Cheng. [Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, 2000. 460 pp. $34.00. ISBN 962-937-066-2.]." China Quarterly 173 (March 2003): 214–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443903310125.
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The economic success of Guangdong since 1978 has been widely studied and its contributing factors are several, including the geographical and economic proximity to Hong Kong and Macau, the special economic policies and institutional settings granted by the central government, the pragmatic development strategies – especially those practised in the Zhu (Pearl) River delta, and the extensive overseas Chinese clan relationship.
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Li, Yi. "The Contributions of Chinese Japanese-Studying Normal Students to the Modernization of Chinese Education in the Late Qing Dynasty." Scientific and Social Research 6, no. 7 (July 26, 2024): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v6i7.7526.
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The defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War led to the intensification of the national crisis, and the call for “education saving the nation” was rising. To consolidate its authority, the Qing government implemented various policies to encourage Chinese students to study teacher education in Japan. This paper focuses on those students who studied in Japan during the late Qing Dynasty, summarizes the factors of the rise of the study abroad movement and the situation of teacher education in Japan, and discusses the contribution of overseas students to the modernization of Chinese education from multiple perspectives.
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Dai, Yunhao. "Taking your company global: the effect of returnee managers on overseas customers." China Finance Review International 9, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-03-2018-0024.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of returnee managers on Chinese firms’ performances at overseas markets.Design/methodology/approachBy hand collecting two data set containing managers’ foreign experiences and firms’ principal customers, this study empirically examines the relationship between returnee managers and overseas customers.FindingsThe author shows that firms with returnee managers: have higher probability of gaining overseas customers and proportion of overseas sales; and are more likely to conduct international M&A, adopt international Big 4 auditors and list overseas. In addition, returnee executives who came back from individualistic culture with overseas working experience, when entering the overseas market where they have experienced, are more effectively in helping firms to perform well.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings in this study suggest that firms with returnee managers are better able to develop relationships with overseas customers and expand overseas markets than those firms without returnee managers.Practical implicationsFor policy makers, this study justifies government policies that aim to attract and encourage more returnees to come back. Furthermore, the author shows that returnees with different foreign experiences, national culture of different countries, whether doing business with their familiar foreign country, and their positions in current organizations have different effects on overseas customers. Firms can utilize all these information to choose the “right” returnees to increase their success in overseas markets.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to examine the role of returnee managers in an emerging economy on firm’s probability of gaining overseas customers and expanding overseas sales.
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정미량. "Tasks of Educational Policies for Overseas Chinese Living in Korea to Realize Multicultural Education." Review of Korean Studies 14, no. 3 (September 2011): 155–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25024/review.2011.14.3.006.
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刘, 国福, та 媛. 薛. "书评: James Jiann Hua To, Qiaowu: Extra-Territorial Policies for the Overseas Chinese". 华人研究国际学报 07, № 01 (червень 2015): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793724815000115.
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Zhu, Jinsheng (Jason), Weidian Lan, and Xianchun Zhang. "Geographic proximity, supply chain and organizational glocalized survival: China’s e-commerce investments in Indonesia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): e0256837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256837.
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Chinese e-commerce companies are in the ascendant into the overseas market, while still lack adequate academic attention. Adopting case study and public policy approaches, this article applies the symbiosis theory, based on the fundamentals of the development data of Chinese e-commerce companies in the Indonesia market, to construct an evaluation model and proposes a strategic orientation to reaching an embedded survival and further development. Through understanding the structural characteristics and developing status of different types of Chinese e-commerce companies going overseas, a detailed investigation to the Chinese e-commerce companies investing in Indonesia has been conducted. Findings show that the production capacity cooperation stage of the two countries has a trend of asymmetric symbiosis gradually developing towards symmetric symbiosis. To promote a continuous economic cooperation between China and Indonesia, this article proposes that the national-level collaboration policies, cross-border e-commerce value chain, as well as organizational-level coordination are the key sectors for reaching the vision of symmetric symbiosis between the two countries. Sectors in infrastructure, trade, capital, and people’s mindset intimacy also contribute to construct a symbiosis mechanism for capacity cooperation between the two nations.
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Jinian, Lai. "The Evolution and Characteristics of Chinese Overseas Education in the UK (1949-1965)." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 6 (November 3, 2021): 5988–6003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.6.78.
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Objectives: On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, a large number of students studying in Britain returned home under the influence of the Chinese policies and their patriotic feelings, which laid the foundation for studying abroad education in New China. In the first few years after the founding of New China, the Chinese government adopted a "one-sided" approach in diplomacy, that is, it favored the eastern bloc headed by the Soviet Union and did not send students to Britain. After the Korean War, China and Britain established diplomatic relations at the level of charge d'affairs in 1954, providing an opening for Chinese overseas education in Britain. From 1956 to 1965, China sent a certain number of international students to Britain, which was determined by Sino-British relationship. The majors of these English students were mainly natural science, and a few students’ majors were English language. The living expenses of students studying in the UK were provided by the Chinese Embassy in the UK, which exercised the authority to manage students studying in the UK.
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Liang, Zhi, and Yafeng Xia. "Cold War History Studies in China in the 21st Century: The State of the Field." Journal of Cold War Studies 25, no. 2 (2023): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01140.
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Abstract This survey explains how the field of Cold War studies has been able to survive and even flourish in the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2000 to the present, despite all the practical and political obstacles. It reviews several areas that Chinese scholars have been exploring: the economic Cold War; foreign intelligence operations and psychological warfare; nuclear strategies; the sciences during the Cold War and overseas education projects; and China's policies toward neighboring countries during the Cold War. The article outlines the major practical challenges facing Chinese scholars and the potential for overcoming these challenges.
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Han, Xiaorong. "Continuities and Discontinuities in Politics: The ROC and PRC Policies Toward Overseas Chinese, 1912–66." Chinese Historical Review 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1547402x.2018.1437509.
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Kellogg, Ryan P. "China’s Brain Gain?: Attitudes and Future Plans of Overseas Chinese Students in the US." Journal of Chinese Overseas 8, no. 1 (2012): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325412x634319.
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AbstractThe largest group of foreign students currently in the United States comes from the People’s Republic of China (PRC). According to a 1993 UC Berkeley survey (Zweig and Chen 1995), 33% of the Chinese students were planning to eventually return home. However in the past decade this percentage appears to be increasing. This article uses results from surveys conducted in 2001 and 2005 of Chinese students enrolled at American universities to show that the intention to return home after graduation is indeed rising. Based on logistic regression analysis, the cause behind this rise is shown to be largely driven by the economic opportunities back home, although nationalist sentiment driven by the desire to give back to their homeland is also a prominent factor. The impact of 9/11 on US visa and employment policies was shown to have little effect on Chinese students’ post-graduate plans.
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Sun, Xichen. "Between Locality and Internationality: Fifth- and Sixth-generation Chinese Directors’ Films and their Translations." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 11, no. 3 (May 31, 2022): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.11n.3p.50.
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Focusing on 48 Chinese films made by the representatives of the fifth- and sixth-generation directors (i.e. Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Jia Zhangke and Feng Xiaogang), this paper reveals: (1) These directors’ preferences for the themes with locality are related to the popularity of Chinese local literature except for their nostalgia for hometowns; (2) The overseas distribution of these films cannot be separated from the support of the state policies, while 1985, 1995, 1999, 2002 and 2018 are found to be five milestone years in the development of the Chinese film industry to promote international co-production and distribution; (3) Subtitling is the most popular mode translation used to distribute Chinese films in English speaking countries, and the subtitling of these films always involves English native speakers’ contribution to various degrees.
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Zhu, Junwen. "The Composition and Evolution of China’s High-Level Talent Programs in Higher Education." ECNU Review of Education 2, no. 1 (March 2019): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2096531119840869.
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Purpose: This article provides an overview of the composition and evolution of China’s high-level talent programs in higher education. Design/Approach/Methods: This article reviews key talent policies adopted by the Chinese government since the 1990s, using content analysis methods to identify policy characteristics and reform trends. Findings: Talent programs in China operate at four levels: the national level, provincial level, city level, and institutional level. The main objectives of China’s high-level talent programs are to support and promote the development of young talent and to encourage overseas scholars to return to China. China’s high-level talent programs have undergone various changes since 1993. The evolution is characterized by the following five major aspects: individual program optimization; replacement, integration, and separation; preventing overlapping funding; mitigating the unbalanced impact the programs have on higher education institutions across regions; and strengthening risk assessment for programs focused on attracting overseas talent. Originality/Value: This article offers a comprehensive assessment of the talent programs implemented by Chinese universities and explores the key trends and content of recent policy changes.
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Xu, Xinyu, Myeongcheol Choi, Joengsu Park, Jie Cheng, and Chuijie Meng. "Research on the Development Process and Competitiveness of Central Asian bank in Indonesia." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (September 7, 2023): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i4.1894.
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This study aims to analyze the development process and current status of the Indonesian banking industry. In addition, we will investigate the founder, development process and current status of Bank Central Asia, an overseas Chinese bank that plays a central role in the Indonesian banking industry and analyze its competitiveness. Based on this analysis, we would like to propose practical implications and development strategies. Based on literature research, we will investigate the development process and current status of the Indonesian banking industry, the founders of Bank Central Asia, the development process and current status, and analyze its competitiveness. Using Porter's five forces analysis model, we want to analyze the competitiveness of Bank Central Asia. By utilizing SWOT analysis, we analyze the internal and external environment of Bank Central Asia. Bank Central Asia, although founded by overseas Chinese, is a leader in Indonesia's financial industry. Bank Central Asia has weaknesses in digital transformation, product innovation, customer experience, risk management, cooperation and innovation, but has strengths in network expansion, talent training, promotion and development system improvement. Based on this competitiveness, we have maintained a leading position in the Indonesian financial market. When formulating and executing strategies, Bank Central Asia must fully consider market trends, competitor dynamics, and changes in policies and regulations, make sound decisions, and monitor and adjust plans at any time. Bank Central Asia has maintained a good reputation and sustainable development based on external networks and internal competitiveness. A study on these overseas Chinese banks helps to understand the Southeast Asian economy.
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Guo, Feng. "Research on China’s Higher Education Delivery Offshore in the Post-Pandemic Era." International Education Studies 15, no. 2 (March 18, 2022): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v15n2p123.
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Offshore education, as an effective way to enhance the international flow of education service and an efficient platform for the higher education interconnection and knowledge sharing all around the world, is a significant part of the “opening-up” strategy of education made by China’s Ministry of Education. However, Chinese universities and colleges which plan to run school offshore are currently facing challenges such as the great changes of global governance, the spread of Covid-19 pandemic, the changes in domestic laws and policies and the greater participation of vocational colleges. This should be attached more importance by researchers and policy makers in order to find an innovative and appropriate mode of international cooperation and exchange in the post-pandemic era. Based on the analysis of definitions of higher education delivery offshore and the theoretical and practical causes of the challenges, Chinese universities should clarify the orientation and direction, attach importance to the development of vocational schools offshore, promote overseas schools to become offshore platform for innovation and international exchange, and enhance the international competitiveness of oversea schools by full advantages of government, universities, enterprises and industry organizations.
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See, Teresita Ang, and Carmelea Ang See. "The Rise of China, New Immigrants and Changing Policies on Chinese Overseas: Impact on the Philippines." Southeast Asian Affairs SEAA19, no. 1 (2019): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/aa19-1r.
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Wanhong, ZHANG, HUANG Zhong, and HUANG Zhong. "Business and Human Rights in China: An Overview of Policies and Laws on Chinese overseas investment." Sogang Journal of Law and Business 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35505/sjlb.2019.12.9.3.35.
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Huang, Zhong, Wanhong Zhang, and 정식 김. "Business and Human Rights in China: An Overview of Policies and Laws on Chinese overseas investment." Sogang Journal of Law and Business 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35505/sjlb.2019.12.9.3.56.
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Jing, Xiaoli, Lisha Peng, and Kun Dai. "Contextual Factors Influencing Chinese Early Study Abroad Students’ Acculturation Experiences in Canada: An Exploratory Study." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 215824402210850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221085005.
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In order to explore the contextual factors that may influence Chinese early study abroad students’ acculturation experiences in Canada, we conducted in-depth interviews with 20 Chinese early study abroad students and 6 Chinese parents. Using Oppedal and Toppelberg’s acculturation development model as the analytical framework, we identify six microsystem factors (parents, host family, custodian, overseas-study service agent, friends, and church), two mesosystem factors (parents-custodian relationship and custodian-host family relationship), three exosystem factors (social services, public safety, and immigration policies), one majority culture macro factor (multiculturalism), and the time dimension are related to Chinese early study abroad students’ acculturation experiences. In addition to these factors, locosystem factors such as geography, physical environment, and climate of the city in which they live are also important. Based on these findings, we advise all stakeholders to create a supportive and sustainable environment for Chinese early study abroad students to live in Canada.
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Lin, Zhaohong, and Zhe Zhao. "Culture, expatriation and performance: case of Chinese multinational enterprises." Chinese Management Studies 10, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 346–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-01-2016-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively explore the dimensions of Chinese culture and further investigate the underlying mechanisms via which the Chinese culture, in various dimensions, affect the overseas performance of Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNE) expatriates. Along with the awakening of China, not only CMNEs but also the Chinese culture have infiltrated the world market. The uniqueness of Chinese culture has attracted considerable attention of a majority of practitioners, while relevant research on how it affects CMNE expatriates’ performance sounds rare. In contrast to domestic employees, the performance of CMNE expatriates is more likely to be influenced by Chinese culture because of the potential cross-border cultural conflicts between the home and host countries. Additionally, the impact of Chinese culture on CMNE expatriates’ performance may vary according to different cultural dimensions. Design/methodology/approach Comparative case study is adopted for this research. After sufficient literature review and interviews with human resource (HR) staff, this paper structured the research, and then conducted 30 in-depth interviews with Chinese expatriates from both state-owned enterprises and private-owned enterprises. Findings This paper identifies that the Chinese culture do affect CMNE expatriates performance; however, the degree of its effect diversifies according to different cultural dimensions, namely, individual-level culture including Reniqng, Mianzi and social-level culture including power distance, Guanxi, Yinyang, Hexie and collectivism. Research limitations/implications A limitation of this study is that the sample is not big enough and empirical tests are needed to validate or refute the model. Nevertheless, due to the fact that it is still during the period of initial study, the conceptual development raised by this paper would help us to gain good insights from these important and unexplored areas of national culture, which is being thought to affect performance in CMNEs. Practical implications Through reviewing the relevant literature and deeply analyzing Chinese culture, this paper attempts to help young Chinese MNEs to build up and/or improve performance appraisal method and system according to the unique Chinese culture, and to supply a theoretical support for HR personnel to make related policies for the sake of improving expatriate performance overseas. Social implications This paper is the first attempt to dig and explore the whole picture, and refine the dimensions of Chinese culture from individual level and social level. It aims to lay a foundation for the research related to Chinese culture, and to some extent, supply a theoretical support to motivate more researchers to explore more ways to improve the performance of expatriates from young CMNEs. Originality/value This paper presents the whole frame of Chinese culture and from an integral Chinese perspective digs the Chinese cultural dimensions from individual level and social level for the first time. According to the social cognitive theory, this paper provides a firm foundation for scholars to understand Chinese culture as well as to analyze the related relationship with performance, and for CMNEs to develop and utilize the effect of national culture to improve the performance of expatriates overseas. So far, the research on Chinese culture and the effect of national culture overseas have not yet been well considered.
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FREEDMAN, AMY L. "The Effect of Government Policy and Institutions on Chinese Overseas Acculturation: The Case of Malaysia." Modern Asian Studies 35, no. 2 (April 2001): 411–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x01002050.
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This work looks at how Malaysia's political institutions and policies have constrained Chinese acculturation with the dominant Malay population. Particular attention is paid to the nature of electoral institutions; such as the ethnic party structure, the apportionment of electoral districts, and the debate over Malaysia's education system. These political institutions, and not just the coercive apparatus of the state, coupled with the way the Constitution defines a person as ‘Malay’, effectively maintain a distinct boundary between who is Malay and who is Chinese or Indian. Ethnic categorization in Malaysia has, in the past, masked equally wide divisions between classes. More recent efforts at creating a ‘Malaysian’ national identity may clash with a political structure still largely organized by ethnicity, and may bring these other fissures to the forefront.
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Han, Zhumeng. "Analysis of Domestic Acquisitions and Cross-Border Leveraged Buyouts of Companies." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 35, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/35/20231736.
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With the development of economy, Chinese companies have started to use M&A to expand their business, and more and more core acquisition funds are investing in LBOs. Meanwhile, the pace of China's economic opening to the outside world is gradually accelerating, and many companies are making cross-border M&A to enter the international market, and leveraged buyout, as a special form of M&A for multinational companies, has also attracted attention and spread widely. This paper first analyzes the basic principles, processes, and characteristics of leveraged buyouts. Based on the current situation in China and combined with specific cases, it points out the necessity and problems of applying leveraged buyouts in China. By analyzing and studying two domestic acquisition cases and two overseas acquisition cases, the paper draws some conclusions. Leveraged buyouts are to some extent applicable to M&A activities of Chinese companies. Despite the challenges they pose, leveraged buyouts will remain an important form of M&A for Chinese firms as long as China continues to improve its legal and financial environment and standardize its operational processes. Through an analysis of China's domestic economic situation and current policies on theories related to cross-border investment in overseas M&A, the advantages and risks of cross-border leveraged buyouts are explored and countermeasures for firms to learn from are proposed.