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1
Sefcik, Justine, Amina Panicker, Danielle Katsev, Annalisa Na, Sherry Greenberg, and Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalili. "OUTDOOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract There is a gap in understanding how the current pandemic is affecting older adults’ outdoor physical activity. This study aimed to explore older adults’ perceptions of their outdoor physical activity during the current pandemic. A qualitative descriptive approach was taken with a conventional content analysis. Participants were primarily recruited through ResearchMatch. Eighteen community-dwelling older adults were individually interviewed from geographical locations across the United States; 61.1% female, 88.9% White, mean age 76.4 (range 68-92), 5 ambulated with a cane or walker. We identified an overarching theme of Benefits and Motivation in which older adults conveyed wanting to maintain and improve their health and used the outdoors to continue physical activity since indoor activities decreased during the pandemic. Walking was expressed as the most frequent outdoor physical activity. Implications of these findings will be discussed which include supporting community improvements to facilitate older adults’ ease of maintaining a walking routine.
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Lowery, Bryce. "Outdoor Advertising." Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding 3, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2470-9670.2019.v3.i2.a47.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Outdoor advertising has a long history of serving as a landmark of the experience economy. In the United States early signage often featured traveling shows and circuses. As the automobile changed lifestyle trends, billboards followed the new roading experience. Today, outdoor advertising is increasingly seen as a part of experiencing cities, clustered in entertainment districts. Through spatial reorganization, integration into the built environment, and the development of increasingly engaged technologies, outdoor advertising is adapting to the new experiences of urban life. Signage is being used in new ways to enhance the quality of life in places that are commonly associated with consuming goods and services. As a landmark of the experience economy, signage orients individuals to these locations by drawing attention to opportunities to eat, drink, and have fun.
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Lee, Juwon, Yongseop Kim, Jaehyun Kim, and Junhyoung Kim. "LEISURE ACTIVITIES, LIFE SATISFACTION, HAPPINESS, AND HEALTH PERCEPTION OF OLDER KOREAN IMMIGRANTS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The number of Korean immigrants in the United States has been increasing rapidly, with many facing psychological challenges due to cultural differences, limited resources, and language barriers. These challenges can lead to increased stress, which negatively affects mental health. However, research has shown that leisure activities can have positive effects on health outcomes, particularly for older adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among leisure activities, life satisfaction, happiness, and health perception in older Korean immigrants. Convenient sampling was used to recruit 51 Korean adults aged 50-85 from community centers and churches. Results showed that participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) predicted life satisfaction and happiness, with outdoor physical activity being positively associated with psychological well-being. Furthermore, education was significantly related to life satisfaction and health perception among those who engaged in LTPA. The findings suggest that LTPA may be linked to higher levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and health perception in older Korean immigrants. Therefore, offering recreational programs for Korean adults in the United States could potentially improve their overall well-being. By providing opportunities for older Korean immigrants to engage in leisure activities, such as outdoor physical activity, their mental and physical health may be positively impacted. These findings contribute to the growing body of research on the importance of leisure activities for older adults’ well-being and highlight the potential benefits of providing recreational programs for minority populations.
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Lathrop, Anna H., Timothy S. O'Connell, and Ryan A. Howard. "16. The Impact of an Outdoor Orientation Program on First-Year Student Perceptions of Life Effectiveness and Campus Integration." Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching 5 (June 19, 2012): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/celt.v5i0.3334.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although outdoor orientation programs, as a special type of orientation designed to enhance student retention, are relatively commonplace in the United States – we are not aware of any such campus-wide initiatives in Canada. Research indicates that outdoor orientation programs impact students in a positive way, enhancing academic success, personal development, and integration into campus life. This exploratory, mixed methods pilot study reports on the results of an investigation that administered three pre and post surveys that measured indicators of “Life Effectiveness,” “Sense of Community,” and “Sense of Place” on a group of seven, first-year students who participated on a five-day canoeing trip in the wilderness of Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada. The program, entitled “Brock BaseCamp,” exposed students to a curriculum that included networking with student facilitators about campus life, in addition to acquiring technical skills of canoeing and outdoor living. Results indicated that students were positively influenced in all three measures and that the Brock BaseCamp experience enhanced their social integration into campus life.
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Yang, Shuang, Sheling Ye, and Haiyan Li. "Comparison of Senior Leisure Activities in China and the United States from the Perspective of Cultural Differences." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 23, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8430490.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Leisure activities are important in older adults’ life. With the higher mobility and internationalization of population, the leisure behavior and habits of older adults in different countries have become a popular topic among international scholars. This study was to compare the different leisure activities of older adults in two countries—the US and China—to discuss the possible reasons for the differences from traditional and social-cultural aspects. The sample data (192 Chinese aged over 60) was collected in a metropolis in China—Hangzhou—and was compared with data undertaken by Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) published in American Time Use Survey (ATUS). We found that older adults in the US and China spend similar daily leisure time on average; watching TV and walking are the most popular choices of indoor and outdoor leisure activities, respectively, by both Americans and Chinese. Surfing the Internet, communicating with others (indoor) and traditional activities (leisure activities from ancient China, like Taiji, sword dancing, etc.), and physical exercises (outdoor) are the second most popular choices of Chinese older adults; while socializing, reading, working out, and using sports technology equipment for outdoor exercising are popular among older adults in the US. Possible reasons for the differences were discussed from individual differences and collectivist cultures, independent and dependent habits, reliance on family, early education, and the value of young mentality versus conservative spirit.
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Davidson, Curt, and Alan Ewert. "College Student Commitment and Outdoor Orientation Programming." Journal of Experiential Education 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053825920923709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Increasingly colleges and universities are utilizing Outdoor Orientation Programs (OOPs) to help incoming students assimilate into college life. These programs have shown promise in recent analyses for enhancing desired outcomes with particular consideration shown to pro-social behavior and retention outcomes. Purpose: To examine how effective OOPs are in preparing students for a successful college student experience, particularly with variables known to influence student success and commitment to college. Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from four universities across the United States. Participants in this study were 205 undergraduate students from 17 to 25 years old who self-enrolled in their respective institutions OOP. This study used the College Student Readiness Inventory to generate a hypothesis concerning the possible effects of an OOP experience concerning predictive and outcomes variables relative to college student commitment. Findings/Conclusions: Using SmartPLS, the main effects of the OOP indicated predictive relationships between Commitment to College and Goal Striving, Communication Skills, Social Activity, Emotional Reactivity, Study Skills, and Social Connection. Academic Self-Discipline, Academic Self-Confidence, and Self-Determination on Commitment to College. Implications: Study findings suggest specific connections between predicting college student commitment before and after an OOP.
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Nocera, Vincenzo G., Tyler J. Kybartas, Angela J. Wozencroft, and Dawn P. Coe. "Physical Activity Levels during Therapeutic Camp Activities in Youth with Disabilities in the United States." Disabilities 2, no. 4 (December 7, 2022): 764–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities2040053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Youth with developmental disabilities (DD) face challenges that may impact their participation in physical activity. One of the biggest challenges is the availability of opportunities to engage in activities that are adapted for youth with DD. In addition, due to challenges with current physical activity assessment methods for youth with DD, the activity levels during modified activities remain unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the activity levels of youth with DD during structured and unstructured activities offered during a therapeutic camp. This camp was a five-day, overnight experience in an outdoor camp center in the southeastern region of the U.S. Youth (n = 29; 14.6 ± 3.9 years) with more than one DD and with varying abilities wore accelerometers while they engaged in 13 activities of varying categories (functional/gross motor, game, sociodramatic, fine motor, free play) and contexts (ropes, horses, outdoor adventure, music and movement, yoga, come on down, sports and games, theatre, cabin challenge, arts, cooking, mad science, free play). Activity level varied by activity category and context and the intensity level of the majority of the camp activities was classified as either sedentary or light. There was a time course effect on activity; most activities resulted in a gradual decline over the session, except for cooking, sports and games, and free play. This therapeutic camp provided an opportunity for youth to engage in physical activity that would be classified as light intensity. The activities available at this camp were designed to address specific goals and objectives and provided enrichment opportunities (e.g., life skills, social skills) for youth to obtain multiple skills while using movement as a framework to deliver the content.
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Wilson-Ounekeo, Rebecca C., and William O. Lamp. "Perceptions and Responses of Residents to the Nuisance Black Fly Simulium jenningsi (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Mid-Atlantic United States." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 1872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Current management practices of nuisance black flies are conducted on an area-wide level and rely on the support of the public to implement programs. In Maryland, a vocal group of residents campaigned their representatives to begin a management program for the black fly Simulium jenningsi Malloch. To determine how residents in Maryland and its surrounding states perceived the severity of black fly nuisance, we deployed surveys online and in-person on the ways their outdoor activities were impacted and the preventive methods used to mitigate nuisance. Online respondents, those with children, and those who had lived in the region for a shorter amount of time were more likely to report black flies as ‘extremely annoying’. Quality-of-life concerns stemming from black fly swarms were primarily related to avoiding outdoor exercise and recreation. The majority of respondents used at least one method of personal protection against black fly annoyance, but satisfaction with any method was low. Methods used by respondents included the removal of standing water and rotting vegetation from their properties, indicating a lack of knowledge about black fly breeding habitats. The results contextualized the needs of residents in future management and topics for outreach efforts to address misconceptions about black fly biology. This study offers an example of the application of social science methodology in understanding the needs of stakeholders in area-wide pest management.
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Dumic, Igor, and Edson Severnini. "“Ticking Bomb”: The Impact of Climate Change on the Incidence of Lyme Disease." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2018 (October 24, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5719081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lyme disease (LD) is the most common tick-borne disease in North America. It is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted to humans by blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis. The life cycle of the LD vector, I. scapularis, usually takes two to three years to complete and goes through three stages, all of which are dependent on environmental factors. Increases in daily average temperatures, a manifestation of climate change, might have contributed to an increase in tick abundance via higher rates of tick survival. Additionally, these environmental changes might have contributed to better host availability, which is necessary for tick feeding and life cycle completion. In fact, it has been shown that both tick activity and survival depend on temperature and humidity. In this study, we have examined the relationship between those climatic variables and the reported incidence of LD in 15 states that contribute to more than 95% of reported cases within the Unites States. Using fixed effects analysis for a panel of 468 U.S. counties from those high-incidence states with annual data available for the period 2000–2016, we have found sizable impacts of temperature on the incidence of LD. Those impacts can be described approximately by an inverted U-shaped relationship, consistent with patterns of tick survival and host-seeking behavior. Assuming a 2°C increase in annual average temperature—in line with mid-century (2036–2065) projections from the latest U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA4)—we have predicted that the number of LD cases in the United States will increase by over 20 percent in the coming decades. These findings may help improving preparedness and response by clinicians, public health professionals, and policy makers, as well as raising public awareness of the importance of being cautious when engaging in outdoor activities.
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Ingram, Dewayne L., Charles R. Hall, and Joshua Knight. "Analysis of Production System Components of Container-grown Chrysanthemum for Their Impact on Carbon Footprint and Variable Costs Using Life Cycle Assessment." HortScience 53, no. 8 (August 2018): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13159-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to analyze the production system components of a 20-cm Chrysanthemum grown for the fall market in the north Atlanta region of the United States. The model system consisted of 2 weeks of mist in a greenhouse followed by 9 weeks on an outdoor gravel bed equipped with drip irrigation. The carbon footprint, or global warming potential (GWP), was calculated as 0.555 kg CO2e and the variable costs incurred during the modeled production system (from rooting purchased cuttings to loading the truck for shipment) totaled $0.846. Use of plastics was important in terms of GWP and variable costs with the container contributing 26.7% of the GWP of the product and 12.2% of the variable costs. The substrate accounted for 44.8% of the GWP in this model but only 12.1% of the variable costs. Consumptive water use during misting was determined to be 3.9 L per plant whereas water use during outdoor production was 34.8 L. Because propagation is handled in various ways by Chrysanthemum growers, the potential impact of alternative propagation scenarios on GWP and variable costs, including the purchase of plugs, was also examined.
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Young, Terence. "The End of Camping." Boom 4, no. 3 (2014): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2014.4.3.70.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Young likens camping to a pilgrimage to nature but notes that, after more than a century of increasing popularity, the number of campers is declining. Although camping remains among the top five outdoor recreations in the United States, the rate of participation by Americans sixteen and older is down from its peak in the late 1990s. Automobile, trailer, and motorhome camping at developed locations and at primitive”locations has decreased approximately 7 percent overall. He argues this is due to modern camping, with its gadgets and more comfortable accommodations, not offering a meaningful break from everyday life, and also to efforts to rewild cities so that urban dwellers no longer need to escape to find nature.
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Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian, Ana Calderón-Garcidueñas, Ricardo Torres-Jardón, José Avila-Ramírez, Randy J. Kulesza, and Amedeo D. Angiulli. "Air pollution and your brain: what do you need to know right now." Primary Health Care Research & Development 16, no. 04 (September 26, 2014): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146342361400036x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research links air pollution mostly to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. The effects of air pollution on the central nervous system (CNS) are not broadly recognized. Urban outdoor pollution is a global public health problem particularly severe in megacities and in underdeveloped countries, but large and small cities in the United States and the United Kingom are not spared. Fine and ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) defined by aerodynamic diameter (<2.5-μm fine particles, PM2.5, and <100-nm UFPM) pose a special interest for the brain effects given the capability of very small particles to reach the brain. In adults, ambient pollution is associated to stroke and depression, whereas the emerging picture in children show significant systemic inflammation, immunodysregulation at systemic, intratechal and brain levels, neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress, along with the main hallmarks of Alzheimer and Parkinson’s diseases: hyperphosphorilated tau, amyloid plaques and misfoldedα-synuclein. Animal models exposed to particulate matter components show markers of both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Epidemiological, cognitive, behavioral and mechanistic studies into the association between air pollution exposures and the development of CNS damage particularly in children are of pressing importance for public health and quality of life. Primary health providers have to include a complete prenatal and postnatal environmental and occupational history to indoor and outdoor toxic hazards and measures should be taken to prevent or reduce further exposures.
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Flaherty, Michael R., and Robert Sheridan. "Fire Pit-Related Burn Injuries in Children and Adolescents." Journal of Burn Care & Research 40, no. 6 (July 9, 2019): 943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irz127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Thermal burns are a leading cause of preventable injury in children and adolescents. Fire pits have become increasingly popular outdoor fixtures in U.S. homes. We aimed to identify trends in pediatric burn injuries related to fire pits that presented to a representative sample of United States Emergency Departments (EDs). A retrospective analysis of annual ED visits from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2017 using product codes specific to fire pits. U.S. Census population estimates were used to compute rates per 100,000 population. SAS and Joinpoint weighted regression analyses were used to analyze annual estimates and rate trends across the study period. There were 10,951 (95% CI = 8535–13,367) ED visits for burn injuries secondary to outdoor fire pits in patients 19 years of age and younger across the study period. The majority of injuries occurred in children under the age of 5, and were related to falls into or on a hot fire pit. The annual modeled rate change showed an overall significant increase in burn injuries of 7.16 per 100,000 annually from 2006 to 2017 (P = .02). Outdoor fire pits represent an increasing hazard to young children who are particularly susceptible to burn injuries from falls in or around lit recreational fires. Product modifications and public awareness campaigns are necessary to prevent future life-altering injuries in pediatric patients.
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Gupta-Nigam, Anirban. "Plastic Flowers: Overlooking Resource Scarcity in Postwar America." Theory, Culture & Society 37, no. 6 (May 14, 2020): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276420917468.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This essay historicizes cultural and psychic economies in the postwar United States under the sign of material scarcity. It situates the proliferation of plastic flowers in domestic space within a context of bureaucratic anxieties surrounding natural resource scarcity, and trends toward ‘outdoor living’ that were an offshoot of the ideology of economic growth. Interrogating repeated, if relatively unexamined, invocations of ‘anxious’ suburban subjects in descriptions of postwar society, the essay suggests that plastic flowers shored up a sense of stability and permanence at a time when nuclear annihilation, Cold War paranoia, and population growth combined to render life uncertain and potentially unsustainable. The essay concludes by reflecting on how legacies of that epoch – and the fiction of permanence offered by plastic flowers – endure in contemporary fantasies of limitless progress.
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Richard, Megane, and Rosario Vallefuoco. "Repair of an Isolated Traumatic Cranial Luxation of the Radial Head Using a TightRope System in a Cat." VCOT Open 05, no. 02 (July 2022): e131-e135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA 4.4 kg, a 6-year-old Domestic Shorthair male neutered outdoor cat was diagnosed with an isolated traumatic cranial luxation of the left radial head. Surgical stabilization was achieved using a mini TightRope system (Arthrex Vet Systems, Naples, Florida, United States) to hold the radial head to the ulna without attempting to reconstruct the annular ligament. A range of motion within the normal range was achieved after reduction. At 7-week follow-up after surgery, the cat was walking without lameness; at follow-up by telephone 3 years postoperatively, the owner described the overall quality of life as excellent with good mobility in everyday activities such as jumping, running, and playing. Many publications in veterinary medicine detail congenital radial head luxation, Monteggia lesions, or complete elbow luxation, but traumatic radial head luxation is barely cited as the occurrence is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a feline isolated traumatic radial head luxation managed with this technique.
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Kageyama, Reiko, Tetsuya Honda, and Yoshiki Tokura. "Acquired Idiopathic Generalized Anhidrosis (AIGA) and Its Complications: Implications for AIGA as an Autoimmune Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA) is a rare disorder in which systemic anhidrosis/hypohidrosis occurs without causative dermatological, metabolic or neurological disorder. Most cases of AIGA have been reported in Asia, especially in Japan, but there have been only a few reports in Europe and the United States. Severe AIGA may result in heatstroke and can reduce quality of life due to restriction of exercise and outdoor works. AIGA is often accompanied by cholinergic urticaria (CholU), and it is thought that AIGA and CholU with anhidrosis/hypohidrosis belong to the same spectrum of the disease. However, the pathophysiology of AIGA has not yet been clarified. Decreased expression of cholinergic receptor M3 on the epithelial cells of eccrine sweat glands is often accompanied by T cell infiltration around eccrine apparatus, suggesting an immunological mechanism of disordered perspiration. AIGA is occasionally associated with various complications indicative of autoimmune disorders. The association of autoimmune complications further suggests that AIGA is an autoimmune disorder. Studies on complications may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of AIGA.
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Muhammad, Harry Freitag Luglio. "Prevention of weight gain during self-isolation in COVID-19 pandemic era: a narrative review." Journal of Community Empowerment for Health 3, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.55976.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
COVID-19 is a disease that has affected millions of people worldwide and made a significant impact on health, social life, and economy. One of the strategies to prevent the spread of this virus is through self-isolation. Although this strategy is efficient to prevent a drastic spread of the disease, there are some consequences related to this measure, including social, psychological, and economic impacts. In this review, the author proposes the possibility that this measure could increase the global prevalence of obesity. This might be due to a reduction in total physical activity because of limitations in outdoor activities, increased binge eating because of psychological stress or boredom, and tendency to eat ultra-processed foods and beverages because of limitations in shopping ability. Obesity itself is reported to be one of the risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 infection. Reports from United Kingdom and the United States of America revealed that those with higher body mass index had a higher risk to be treated at an intensive care unit. Therefore, prevention of a significant weight gain might be important to reduce the risk of fatality due to COVID-19. While the global prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, it might be important to address this issue at this point in time. Lastly, this review also provides some suggestions to ameliorate the weight gaining effect of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Black, Kathy, and Dylan J. Jester. "Examining Older Adults’ Perspectives on the Built Environment and Correlates of Healthy Aging in an American Age-Friendly Community." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 7056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Population aging has led to an increased focus on the environmental context in which we age. While researchers have identified significant health benefits associated with built community features such as housing, transportation and outdoor spaces and buildings, less attention has focused on the correlates of healthy aging and other characteristics via the perspective of community-dwelling older adults. This study utilized cluster analysis to examine health-related subgroups of older adults (n = 598) in an age-friendly community located in the United States, of which nearly half of its residents are age 60 and older. Linear regression was used to associate the health clusters with perceptions of built environmental features and socio-demographics. Four distinct profiles were identified, with the greatest preference for housing and transportation found among those reporting poorer health compared to those reporting excellent health across multi-dimensional healthy aging measures. Perceptions on the importance of built environmental features were also found to vary by age, income and home accessibility status. Findings suggest that older adults’ perceptions about built environmental features differ across health and home status as well as age and income, underscoring opportunities for public health action to better reach and engage older adults by life-course trajectories in age-friendly communities.
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Jurys, A., I. Gailiutė, J. Aikaitė-Stanaitienė, S. Grigiškis, A. Maruška, M. Stankevičius, and D. Levišauskas. "Review of Creosote Pollution Toxicity and Possibilities of Bioremediation." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 6, 2015): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Creosote oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds obtained from high temperature distillation of coal tar. It is used for over 100 years as a fungicide, insecticide, miticide, and sporicide to protect wood and is applied by pressure methods to wood products, primary utility poles and railroad ties. This treated wood is intended for exterior or outdoor uses only. Its commercial uses include railroad ties 70%, utility poles 15-20%, and other miscellaneous commercial uses 10-15%. Composition of the creosote depends on the source and it has typically 85% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 10% phenolic compounds, and 5% heterocyclic. Between 20 and 40% of the total weight of typical creosote can be attributed to the 16 PAHs defined as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The production of creosote in the European Union (EU) has been estimated to be approximately 60.000-100.000 t per year. The presence of the toxic PAHs and phenolic compounds make creosote treated wood harmful for the environment at the end of its service life and direct or indirect human exposure to creosote treated wood may cause carcinogenic affect to kidney, liver, bladder, eyes and skin. In this presentation we review creosote environmental pollution toxicity and possibilities of remediation.
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Sharun, Sara. "Demographic Variables Are Associated with Differing Perceptions of a Broad Range of Public Library Benefits." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 11, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8105z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective – To determine the frequency and nature of perceived beneficial outcomes of public libraries on individuals, and to identify demographic differences in these perceived outcomes.
Design – Self-administered, online questionnaire asking respondents to rate the frequency of benefits they received from public libraries in 22 areas of life including education, work, and business; everyday activities; and leisure activities.
Setting – United States of America.
Subjects – 1010 respondents from 49 states: 50% female, 76% white, 55% urban or suburban.
Methods – Correspondence analysis was used to visualize relationships between demographic variables and perceived outcomes. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify structures among the outcomes and summarize data into three core dimensions: everyday activities and interests; reading and self-education; and work and formal education. Multiway ANOVAs were used to test the significance of demographic differences on perceived outcomes.
Main Results – The most highly ranked areas of perceived benefits were reading fiction and non-fiction, self-education during leisure time, interest in history or society, and health. Outdoor activities, exercise, and sport ranked the lowest. Respondents in younger age groups reported benefits in “education and work,” as did ethnic minorities and people with lower household incomes. “Everyday life” benefits were reported by male, suburban, White, middle-income respondents. “Reading and self-education” benefits were reported by high-income, older age groups, White, and female respondents. Two demographic groups did not correspond to any benefit categories: those who did not graduate high school and those over age 65.
Conclusion – There are significant differences among demographic groups in how the benefits of public libraries are perceived, and these demographic differences have implications for program planning, marketing, and outreach in public libraries. Specifically, libraries should work to increase and improve service to less-advantaged groups, including low-income earners and ethnic minorities, and make available more services and resources relevant to older people.
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Hartig, John H., Todd Scott, Gwen Gell, and Kevin Berk. "Reconnecting people to the Detroit River – A transboundary effort." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.025.01.27.
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Abstract Windsor in Ontario, Canada and Detroit in Michigan, USA are Great Lakes border cities on the Detroit River that have a long history of water pollution. Public outcry over water pollution in the 1960s led to the enactment of environmental laws starting in the early 1970s. As these laws were implemented and water quality improved, citizens started calling for improved public access to the river, including establishing linked riverfront greenways. This paper presents a case study of greenway development in these border cities based on indicator reporting to comprehensively assess ecosystem health. Findings show that waterfront greenways were catalyzed by cleanup of the Detroit River. As greenway systems expanded on both sides of the border, greenway stakeholders began to envision cross-border greenway connections that would stimulate ecotourism, help encourage healthy lifestyles, and enhance quality of life in southwest Ontario and southeast Michigan. Recommended next steps include investing in greenway capacity building, identifying and testing creative financing options for greenways, formalizing institutional arrangements between Canada and the United States for a binational greenway network, and strengthening cross-border greenway connections by reestablishing a cross-border ferry, offering free access to the tunnel bus on weekends for cyclists, and hosting Windsor-Detroit open streets’ events. Robust transboundary greenway partnerships are critical to realizing the full potential of cross border greenway systems, including expanding outdoor recreation and ecotourism, conserving natural resources, and inspiring a stewardship ethic for shared ecosystems.
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Hao, Huili, Jeffery M. Hill, and Hunter Regan Prichard. "Factors Influencing Property Owners’ Attitudes toward Different Orientations of Sustainability." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 5 (September 28, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n5p83.
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The southeastern United States is well-known for its natural beauty, warm year-round climate, and vacation and outdoor recreational opportunities. This study explores and compares factors influencing property owners’ attitudes toward different scales of sustainability in three coastal counties in North Carolina. In this region, tourism is the major economic driver, with second homes comprising nearly 40% of the total single-family housing stock. The research questions of this study then are: 1) Which factors influence property owners’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism development? 2) Does residential status (full-time residents vs. second-home owners) best predict property owners’ attitudes toward different scales/orientations of sustainability? 3) Which variables most contribute to predicting property owners’ attitudes toward different scales/orientations of sustainability? A total of 1,278 respondents were surveyed concerning their perceptions of sustainable development, satisfaction with community life, and attitudes toward tourism and second-home development. Factor analyses were conducted to identify three different orientations of sustainability as identified by the researchers: operational-oriented sustainability, community-oriented sustainability, and normative-oriented sustainability. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify and compare factors which have significant influences on attitudes toward orientations of sustainability among different types of property owners. The study results are intended to inform decision-making that will contribute to the long-term economic, environmental, and socio-cultural sustainability of these counties.
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Liu, Bernice, Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, Anurag Pande, Jonathan Howard, Serena Alexander, and Zhiliang Luo. "Microscopic Traffic Simulation as a Decision Support System for Road Diet and Tactical Urbanism Strategies." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148076.
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Urban street networks in the United States have been primarily designed for automobile traffic with negligible considerations to non-motorized transportation users. Due to environmental issues and quality of life concerns, communities are reclaiming street spaces for active modes and slowing the speeds in their downtown. Moreover, tactical urbanism, i.e., the use of street space for innovative purposes other than moving automobile traffic, is becoming attractive due to reduced automobile travel demand and the need for outdoor activities in the age of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides details of the modeling of an urban downtown network (in the City of San Jose) using microscopic traffic simulation. The model is then applied to evaluate the effectiveness of street design changes at varying demand scenarios. The microsimulation approach was chosen because it allows for the detailed modeling and visualization of the transportation networks, including movements of individual vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. The street design change demonstrated here involves one-way to two-way street conversion, but the framework of network-wide impact evaluation may also be used for complete street conversions. The base conditions network was also tested under different travel demand reduction scenarios (10%, 20%, and 30%) to identify the corridors in the city network in which the tactical urbanism strategies (e.g., open-air dining) may be best accommodated. The study provides framework for the use of a microscopic model as part of a decision support system to evaluate and effectively implement complete streets/tactical urbanism strategies.
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Ashraf Ali and Aroosa Humayoun. "Myopia: An alarming situation in near future." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 12 (November 28, 2023): 2534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.10000.
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Madam, I am writing to draw attention to an issue that I believe is of great concern for our society: the alarming increase in cases of myopia due to excessive near work. Myopia, or nearsightedness, when the eye has difficulty focusing on distant objects. The prevalence of myopia has been increasing rapidly worldwide, particularly in Asia, where it is estimated that up to 80% of young adults are affected. In the United States, the prevalence of myopia has doubled in the past 30 years.[1] One major factor contributing to this increase is the growing amount of time people spend near work, such as reading, using computers, and playing video games. This kind of work requires the eyes to focus on close objects for extended periods, which can cause the eye to elongate and result in myopia. The consequences of myopia are not only visual but also have significant impacts on quality of life. Myopia increases the risk of eye diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal detachment, which can lead to blindness. It can also have a negative impact on academic and career opportunities, as well as physical and social activities. [2] Get regular eye exams: Regular eye exams are crucial for detecting myopia early and monitoring its progression. It is recommended that infants have their first eye exam at six months, and then again at the ages of three and five, and every two years after that. Adults should have an eye exam at least once every two years, or more frequently if advised by their eye doctor. Practice good visual habits: Good visual habits can help prevent myopia from worsening. This includes taking frequent breaks when reading or using electronic devices, maintaining a comfortable distance from the screen, and practicing good posture. You can also try doing eye exercises to strengthen your eye muscles. Spend time outdoors: Studies have shown that spending time outdoors, especially in natural light, can help prevent the onset and progression of myopia in children. Aim for at least 2 hours of outdoor time per day. A study by David A Wilson et al. showed that by 2050 there will be 1 billion people with myopia.[3] Nowadays, our young generation is executively using smartphones and digital screens. All ophthalmologist and optometrist are advised to know all the clints regarding close work to rest in between your work. ---Continue
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Shachar, Eliya, Noy Moisa, Shira Peleg-Hasson, Tamar Safra, Ido Wolf, and Daniel A. Vorobiof. "Real-world behavioral restrictional practices of cancer patients (pts)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): 6592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.6592.
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6592 Background: Quality of life (QoL) assessments do not measure pts’ ability to maintain normal daily activities during cancer therapy. Misbeliefs might promote avoidance of activities perceived as dangerous, compromising pts QoL. We examined the daily practices of actively treated pts with cancer. Methods: A locally validated questionnaire at the Tel-Aviv Sourasky Oncology Division was distributed internationally using the Belong.life social and professional digital health platform. We examined real-world pts reported practices, provided voluntarily and anonymously. The survey consisted of 15 questions, including demographic, clinical, behavioral parameters and sources guiding and supporting pts practices. Independent clinical and demographic variables were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed, and a multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify factors predicting restrictive behaviors. Results: The study population comprised 1,395 pts receiving active cancer therapy, reporting their outcomes from the Belong digital platform. Most respondents were from the United States (1082, 77.70%) and Israel (223, 16%), over the age of 40 (1309,93.8%),and female (987, 70.75%). Most common tumor types were breast (394,28.24%) and gastrointestinal cancers (199,14.26%). The majority of pts (1,005,72.88%) reported on at least 1 adopted limitation in daily activities, and 305 (21.86%) maintained more than half of these constraints. Daily life restrictions included avoiding sun exposure (779, 57.83%), international travel (417, 33.33%), indoor public places (malls, etc) (431, 33.13%), hair dyeing (271, 22.72%), domestic tourism (284, 21.93%), contact with friends and family (231, 17.69%), children and grandchildren (202, 16.33%), outdoor public spaces (190, 14.62%), and contact with pets (135, 10.41%). Multiple sources were implicated by the pts as guiding their behavior, with the most common being health-care professionals (951, 65.95%), followed by both non-medical authorities and health-care team (320, 22.19%), and non-medical advisors, including internet, pts forums, partners, friends, and family (171, 11.86%) Pts who maintained strict (≥50% of the limitations) and less strict restrictions, demonstrated no significant association between country of origin (p = 0.118), and education level (p = 0.3591). A significant association was noted between younger age (p = 0.0014), female sex (p = 0.0141) and primary cancer site (p < 0.0001), and the adoption of strict restrictions. Conclusions: The majority of pts reported compromised daily activities, which are likely attributed to misconceptions about therapy and disease, deleteriously impacting QoL, therefore, impeding their ability to continue to conduct a complete and meaningful life. These findings require development of tools examining patients’ real-daily life activity as an additional endpoint in clinical trials.
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Fischer, Amy, Valerie AW Benka, Joyce R. Briggs, Joanne Maki, Kevin N. Morris, Kayla A. Myers, Linda Rhodes, George Robert Weedon, and Julie K. Levy. "Hybrid model intermediate between a laboratory and field study: A humane paradigm shift in feline research." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 9 (July 19, 2018): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18791872.
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Objectives: Non-surgical contraceptives are under development to provide accessible, affordable and humane alternatives for the management of free-roaming cat populations. The objective of this project was to develop a research approach for promising non-surgical contraceptives using outbred cats in a simulated free-roaming setting, meeting high standards for both animal welfare and scientific rigor. Methods: A facility, specially constructed with indoor and outdoor living areas, was approved and regulated as both an animal shelter and a United States Department of Agriculture research facility. Thirty female and five male cats, healthy but at high risk of euthanasia, were recruited from animal shelters and private homes. Guided by a detailed protocol, cats were housed in this facility for up to 18 months after acclimatization. Cats were administered the study product or a placebo, and then entered into a breeding trial. Cats were adopted at the end of the study. A range of methods was used to provide enrichment and balance a natural environment with the need for detailed daily monitoring. Results: Primary study results related to contraceptive safety and efficacy are published separately. Achieving a research model that is an intermediate step between a laboratory and an uncontained free-roaming cat colony was complex. Significant learnings shared in this current publication span: the selection of cats; acclimatization to a simulated colony environment; cat behavioral training during the study and in preparation for adoption; disease management; contract staff and volunteer support; and cat behavior throughout a breeding study. Conclusions and relevance: This model inspires continued movement away from the paradigm of breeding cats for research and instead sources existing cats at risk for euthanasia. The housing and management of the cats elevates research animals’ quality of life and provides positive post-study outcomes. While not appropriate for every feline research scenario, this hybrid model (between a laboratory and field study) proved to be a practical, humane and reliable scenario for research requiring a simulated real-world environment.
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Zuest, Luciana. "Physical Activity Experiences of Adolescent Girls Living in a Rural Community." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 28, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2020-0014.
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This study explored the daily life physical activity (PA) experiences of 11 adolescent girls living in a rural community in the Northwest of the United States. This qualitative study employed visual methods to explore adolescent girls’ PA experiences in their daily lives. Specifically, this study used visual diaries and photo-elicitation interviews to capture girls’ PA experiences. Data from this study revealed two distinct PA patterns among the 11 participants: casual movers and sporty girls. Casual movers have a much less structured approach to PA. They engage in a wide variety of PA types—mostly individual forms of PA and PA geared towards recreation. They describe fun, enjoyment, and task mastery as their main motivations to be physically active. Casual movers often engage in PA with family members and are compelled to be active outdoors and in their homes or neighborhoods. In contrast, all five sporty girls belong to competitive sports teams and have a more structured PA routine. They seek performance improvement and have high perceptions of physical competence. Sporty girls value being active with their teammates and receive strong support from their families in the form of encouragement, role modeling, and financial/structural assistance. Sporty girls feel confident being active in their schools’ fields, courts, and gymnasiums, but also appreciate the outdoors environment. Findings from this study support the need for schools to increase access to PA opportunities that are not focused on skill or fitness performance, thus appealing to casual movers’ approach to physical movement.
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Etherington, Norman. "Were There Large States in the Coastal Regions of Southeast Africa Before the Rise of the Zulu Kingdom?" History in Africa 31 (2004): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003442.
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The Zulu kingdom holds a special place in both popular culture and historical scholarship. Zulu—a famous name, easy to spell and pronounce—is as recognizably American as gangster rap. The website of the “Universal Zulu Nation” (www.hiphopcity.com/zulu_nation/) explains that as “strong believers in the culture of hiphop, we as Zulus … will strive to do our best to uplift ourselves first, then show others how to uplift themselves mentally, spiritually, physically, economically and socially.” The Zulu Nation lists chapters in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Washington, Miami, Virginia Beach, Los Angeles, Detroit, New Haven, Hartford, New Jersey, and Texas. Mardi Gras in New Orleans has featured a “Zulu Parade” since 1916. The United States Navy underscores its independence from Britain by using “Zulu time” instead of Greenwich Mean Time. Not to be outdone, the Russian Navy built “Zulu Class” submarines in the 1950s and Britain's Royal Navy built a “Tribal Class Destroyer,” HMS Zulu. The common factor linking black pride, Africa, and prowess in war is the Zulu kingdom, a southeast African state that first attained international fame in the 1820s under the conqueror Shaka, “the black Napoleon.” His genius is credited with innovations that reshaped the history of his region. “Rapidly expanding his empire, Shaka conquered all, becoming the undisputed ruler of the peoples between the Pongola and Tugela Rivers … In hand-to-hand combat the short stabbing spear introduced by Shaka, made the Zulus unbeatable.” In South Africa Shaka's fame continues to outshine all other historical figures, including Cecil Rhodes and Paul Kruger. A major theme park, “Shakaland,” commemorates his life and Zulu culture. A plan was unveiled in 1998 to erect a twenty-story high statue of the Zulu king in Durban Harbor that would surpass the ancient Colossus of Rhodes.
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Friedman, Nicholas M. G., Emily K. O’Connor, Timothy Munro, and David Goroff. "Mass-Gathering Medical Care Provided by a Collegiate-Based First Response Service at an Annual College Music Festival and Campus-Wide Celebration." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18001103.
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AbstractBackgroundThere is insufficient research on medical care at mass-gathering events (MGEs) on college and university campuses. Fun Day is an annual celebratory day held at Skidmore College (Saratoga Springs, New York USA), a small liberal arts college in the Northeastern United States. Fun Day is focused around an outdoor music festival; students also congregate and celebrate throughout the surrounding campus. To improve care and alleviate strain on local resources, a model was developed for the provision of emergency care by a collegiate-based, volunteer first-response service – Skidmore College Emergency Medical Services (EMS) – in coordination with a contracted, private ambulance service.Study/ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to: (1) analyze medical usage rates and case mixes at Fun Day over a four-year period, and to (2) describe the collegiate-based first response model for MGEs.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from event staff, college administrators, and Skidmore College EMS on event-related variables, patient encounters, and medical operations at Fun Day over a four-year period (2014-2017).ResultsAnnual attendance at the music festival was estimated at 2,000 individuals. Over four years, 54 patients received emergency medical care on campus on Fun Day, and 18 (33.3%) were transported to the emergency department. On-site contracted ambulances transported 77.8% of patients who were transported to the emergency department; mutual aid was requested for the other 22.2% of transports. The mean (SD) patient presentation rate (PPR) was 7.0 (SD = 1.0) per 1,000 attendees. The mean (SD) transport-to-hospital rate (TTHR) was 2.0 (SD = 1.0) per 1,000 attendees. Thirty (55.6%) patients presented with intoxication, seven (13.0%) with laceration(s), and five (9.3%) with head trauma as the primary concern. Medical command was established by volunteer undergraduate students. Up to 16 volunteer student first responders (including emergency medical technicians [EMTs]) were stationed on campus, in addition to two contracted ambulances at the Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) levels. Operational strategies included: mobile first response crews, redundant communication systems, preventative education, and harm reduction.ConclusionHigh medical usage rates were observed, primarily due to alcohol/illicit substance use and traumatic injuries. The provision of emergency care by a collegiate-based first response service in coordination with a contracted, private ambulance agency serves as an innovative model for mass-gathering medical care on college and university campuses.FriedmanNMG, O’ConnorEK, MunroT, GoroffD.Mass-gathering medical care provided by a collegiate-based first response service at an annual college music festival and campus-wide celebration. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(1):98–103.
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Bell, Brent J., Jayson Seaman, and Nate Trautvein. "Outdoor Education Academic Programs in the United States." Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership 9, no. 2 (2017): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/jorel-2017-v9-i2-8264.
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Bozarth, Margaret R., Charles S. Barnes, and Paul J. Dowling. "Outdoor Fungal Spore Exposure in the Midwestern United States." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 135, no. 2 (February 2015): AB20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.997.
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Knight, Kyle W., and Feng Hao. "Is Outdoor Recreation Associated with Greater Climate Change Concern in the United States?" Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063520.
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There has been extensive research on the association between environmental attitudes and outdoor recreation (or nature-based leisure activities) since the 1970s. There is now considerable evidence to support the claim that spending time in nature leads to greater connectedness to nature and thereby greater pro-environmental attitudes and behavior. However, there is an absence of research focused specifically on the association between outdoor recreation and concern for climate change, which is arguably the most pressing environmental problem facing the world today. We build on previous research by using the 2021 General Social Survey and structural equation modeling to analyze the association between frequency of engaging in outdoor recreation and concern for climate change among adults in the United States, with special attention to the role of enjoying being in nature. Controlling for other factors, we find that frequency of outdoor recreation has a positive, significant effect on climate change concern, but only indirectly via enjoyment of nature. Individuals who more frequently engage in outdoor recreation activities tend to report a greater sense of enjoyment of being outside in nature, and this enjoyment of nature is associated with a higher level of concern for climate change.
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Shelton, Brian G., Kimberly H. Kirkland, W. Dana Flanders, and George K. Morris. "Profiles of Airborne Fungi in Buildings and Outdoor Environments in the United States." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (April 2002): 1743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.1743-1753.2002.
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ABSTRACT We examined 12,026 fungal air samples (9,619 indoor samples and 2,407 outdoor samples) from 1,717 buildings located across the United States; these samples were collected during indoor air quality investigations performed from 1996 to 1998. For all buildings, both indoor and outdoor air samples were collected with an Andersen N6 sampler. The culturable airborne fungal concentrations in indoor air were lower than those in outdoor air. The fungal levels were highest in the fall and summer and lowest in the winter and spring. Geographically, the highest fungal levels were found in the Southwest, Far West, and Southeast. The most common culturable airborne fungi, both indoors and outdoors and in all seasons and regions, were Cladosporium, Penicillium, nonsporulating fungi, and Aspergillus. Stachybotrys chartarum was identified in the indoor air in 6% of the buildings studied and in the outdoor air of 1% of the buildings studied. This study provides industrial hygienists, allergists, and other public health practitioners with comparative information on common culturable airborne fungi in the United States. This is the largest study of airborne indoor and outdoor fungal species and concentrations conducted with a standardized protocol to date.
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Huang, Yuqiao, Dayi Lai, Yiqing Liu, and Huang Xuan. "Impact of climate change on outdoor thermal comfort in cities in united states." E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015801002.
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Since urban open spaces provide various benefits to the citizens, it is necessary to improve the outdoor thermal comfort in urban open spaces. However, global warming increases heat stress and at the same time decrease cold stress of outdoor spaces. The final impact of climate change on outdoor thermal comfort is not evident, and depends on the climate characteristics. This study investigated the influence of climate change on outdoor thermal comfort conditions of five selected cities (Minneapolis, New York City, San Francisco, Miami, and Las Vegas) with distinctive climate patterns in the United States. It is found that all cities suffered from deterioration in thermal comfort. This is because the increases in the heat stress rate were greater than the decreases in cold stress rate. In the 2080s, the greatest reduction in acceptable thermal stress rate happened in Miami from 44.7% to 21.3% under high emission scenario.
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Dilsaver, Lary M., and Charles I. Zinser. "Outdoor Recreation: United States National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands." Geographical Review 86, no. 2 (April 1996): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215968.
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Gellman, Jacob, Margaret Walls, and Matthew Wibbenmeyer. "Wildfire, smoke, and outdoor recreation in the western United States." Forest Policy and Economics 134 (January 2022): 102619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102619.
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Johnson, Cd, Lj Akinbanni, Ad Kyle, T. Woodruff, Jd Parker, and Kc Schoendorf. "Outdoor air pollution and childhood asthma in the United States." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 15, no. 4 (July 7, 2008): A16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2001.381-48.x.
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Knapp, Cliff. "Outdoor Education In the United States: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow." World Leisure & Recreation 34, no. 2 (June 1992): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10261133.1992.9673813.
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Johnson, Cd, Lj Akinbanni, Ad Kyle, T. Woodruff, Jd Parker, and Kc Schoendorf. "Outdoor air pollution and childhood asthma in the United States." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 15, no. 4 (October 2001): A16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00381-48.x.
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Taylor, Charles R., and Weih Chang. "The History of Outdoor Advertising Regulation in the United States." Journal of Macromarketing 15, no. 1 (March 1995): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027614679501500106.
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Hendon, Donald W., and William F. Muhs. "Origins and Early Development of Outdoor Advertising in the United States." European Journal of Marketing 20, no. 5 (May 1986): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004644.
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Olberg, Madeline W., and Roberto G. Lopez. "High Tunnel and Outdoor Production of Containerized Annual Bedding Plants in the Midwestern United States." HortTechnology 26, no. 5 (October 2016): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03454-16.
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Due to the high cost associated with constructing and operating a greenhouse, many growers have begun using alternative, low-input methods for bedding plant production, such as unheated high tunnel and outdoor production. Previous research indicates that bedding plant production in unheated high tunnels may be suitable for cold-tolerant species, but flowering is delayed compared with greenhouse production. To our knowledge, there has been no published research on the effects of outdoor production on bedding plant species. The objectives of this study were therefore to 1) compare the growth and development of 10 cold-tolerant and intermediate annual bedding plant species grown in an unheated high tunnel or in an unprotected outdoor growing area, 2) evaluate the effect of a 1-week acclimation period in the high tunnel before outdoor production, and 3) quantify the effectiveness of these production methods for producing high-quality bedding crops. Seedlings of ‘Antigua Orange’ african marigold (Tagetes erecta), ‘Hot Cakes White’ stock (Matthiola incana), and ‘Lilac Flame’ primula (Primula acaulis), and rooted cuttings of ‘Aloha Kona Hot Pink’ calibrachoa (Calibrachoa ×hybrida), ‘Royal Lavender’ regal geranium (Pelargonium ×domesticum), ‘Bella Oceano’ lobelia (Lobelia erinus), ‘Potunia Plus Red’ petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), ‘Phloxy Lady Purple’ phlox (Phlox maculata), ‘Summertime Pink Charme’ osteospermum (Osteospermum ecklonis), and ‘Empress Purple’ verbena (Verbena ×hybrida) were transplanted on 13 Apr. 2015 (week 16) into an unheated high tunnel or an outdoor growing area, or into an unheated high tunnel for a 1-week acclimation period before being moved outdoors. Average mean daily air temperature was 2.3 °C lower outdoors compared with inside the high tunnel, whereas average daily light integral (DLI) increased by 11.7 mol·m−2·d−1. All plants were delayed when grown outdoors compared with in the high tunnel, and all marigolds grown outdoors died in April when outdoor air temperatures dropped below −4 °C. When plants were acclimated for a 1-week period before outdoor production, all species, with the exception of regal geranium, were delayed by less than 1 week compared with those grown in the high tunnel. Stem length of all species grown outdoors was reduced or similar to those in the high tunnel, whereas biomass accumulation and branch number was unaffected or increased for most species. Overall, high-quality bedding plants could be grown outdoors, although development may be delayed compared with high tunnel production. Growers must be aware of the risk of crop loss due to extreme temperatures and plan for delays when growing annual bedding plant crops outdoors.
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Bassett, David R., Dinesh John, Scott A. Conger, Eugene C. Fitzhugh, and Dawn P. Coe. "Trends in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors of United States Youth." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 12, no. 8 (August 2015): 1102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2014-0050.
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Background:Increases in childhood and adolescent obesity are a growing concern in the United States (U.S.), and in most countries throughout the world. Declines in physical activity are often postulated to have contributed to the rise in obesity rates during the past 40 years.Methods:We searched for studies of trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviors of U.S. youth, using nontraditional data sources. Literature searches were conducted for active commuting, physical education, high-school sports, and outdoor play. In addition, trends in sedentary behaviors were examined.Results:Data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and other national surveys, as well as longitudinal studies in the transportation, education, electronic media, and recreation sectors showed evidence of changes in several indicators. Active commuting, high school physical education, and outdoor play (in 3- to 12-year-olds) declined over time, while sports participation in high school girls increased from 1971 to 2012. In addition, electronic entertainment and computer use increased during the first decade of the 21st century.Conclusions:Technological and societal changes have impacted the types of physical activities performed by U.S. youth. These data are helpful in understanding the factors associated with the rise in obesity, and in proposing potential solutions.
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Taff, B. Derrick, William L. Rice, Ben Lawhon, and Peter Newman. "Who Started, Stopped, and Continued Participating in Outdoor Recreation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States? Results from a National Panel Study." Land 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121396.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has been proposed as a catalyst for many U.S. residents to re-engage in outdoor recreation or engage in outdoor recreation for the first time. This manuscript describes the results of a representative U.S. national panel study aimed at better understanding the socio-demographic profile (gender, ethnicity, community type, income, and age) of those participants new to outdoor recreation since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, we address how these new outdoor recreationists differ from (1) those who frequently participated in outdoor recreation prior to the pandemic and continue to participate in outdoor recreation, (2) those who did not frequently participate in outdoor recreation prior to the pandemic and remain un-engaged, and (3) those who frequently participated in outdoor recreation prior to the pandemic but stopped their frequent participation following the onset of the pandemic. Results from this U.S. national study suggest that 35.8% of respondents indicated that they did not participate regularly in outdoor recreation prior to the pandemic or during the pandemic, 30.4% indicated that they did participate regularly in outdoor recreation prior to the pandemic and continued to do so regularly during the pandemic, and 13.5% indicated that they did participate regularly in outdoor recreation prior to the pandemic, but did not continue to do so during the pandemic. More than 20% of the sample indicated that they were new outdoor recreationists. The majority of respondents in all categories, including those that were new to outdoor recreation amidst the pandemic, identified as being white, however these new outdoor recreationists were also the least ethnically diverse. The previously but no longer outdoor recreationist respondents were significantly more ethnically diverse than the other three groups, and they tended to live in more urbanized settings. Discussion of these results includes implications for outdoor recreation managers, and researchers who seek to better understand who the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced with regard to outdoor recreation participation. Implications regarding social justice, access and equity to public places that facilitate outdoor recreation, and health-related policies are discussed.
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Mitchell, Cedar, Megan Dyer, Feng-Chang Lin, Natalie Bowman, Thomas Mather, and Steven Meshnick. "Protective Effectiveness of Long-Lasting Permethrin Impregnated Clothing Against Tick Bites in an Endemic Lyme Disease Setting: A Randomized Control Trial Among Outdoor Workers." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (April 11, 2020): 1532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa061.
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Abstract Tick-borne diseases are a growing threat to public health in the United States, especially among outdoor workers who experience high occupational exposure to ticks. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing has demonstrated high initial protection against bites from blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae), in laboratory settings, and sustained protection against bites from the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae), in field tests. However, long-lasting permethrin impregnation of clothing has not been field tested among outdoor workers who are frequently exposed to blacklegged ticks. We conducted a 2-yr randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial among 82 outdoor workers in Rhode Island and southern Massachusetts. Participants in the treatment arm wore factory-impregnated permethrin clothing, and the control group wore sham-treated clothing. Outdoor working hours, tick encounters, and bites were recorded weekly to assess protective effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-impregnated garments. Factory-impregnated clothing significantly reduced tick bites by 65% in the first study year and by 50% in the second year for a 2-yr protective effect of 58%. No significant difference in other tick bite prevention method utilization occurred between treatment and control groups, and no treatment-related adverse outcomes were reported. Factory permethrin impregnation of clothing is safe and effective for the prevention of tick bites among outdoor workers whose primary exposure is to blacklegged ticks in the northeastern United States.
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Bell, Brent J., and David Starbuck. "Outdoor orientation program trends at colleges and universities in the United States." Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership 5, no. 2 (August 15, 2013): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7768/1948-5123.1206.
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Logan, P., C. M. Branche, J. J. Sacks, G. Ryan, and J. Peddicord. "Childhood Drownings and Fencing of Outdoor Pools in the United States, 1994." PEDIATRICS 101, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): e3-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.6.e3.
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Canberg, Andrea S., and Margaret J. Daniels. "The Diffusion of Outdoor Adventure Leadership Degree Programs in the United States." World Leisure Journal 46, no. 4 (January 2004): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2004.9674371.
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M, Bechle, and Marshall J. "Outdoor NO2 Exposure Disparities at Public Schools in the Contiguous United States." Environmental Epidemiology 3 (October 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ee9.0000605900.75596.f1.
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Venkataramani, Atheendar S., Rourke O’Brien, and Alexander C. Tsai. "Declining Life Expectancy in the United States." JAMA 325, no. 7 (February 16, 2021): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.26339.
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