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1
Sheehan, Tara. "The Effects of Paternal and Maternal Nurturance and Involvement on Young Adult Academic Outcomes." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study examines how mothering and fathering impact child academic outcomes in divorced and intact families, and if there are unique influences of mothering and fathering variables for sons and daughters. An ethnically diverse sample of 1,714 university students from Florida International University (n=1371) and Florida State University (n=343) responded to measures on a questionnaire that included the Nurturant Fathering and Mothering Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004; Schwartz & Finley, 2005; Finley & Schwartz, 2006), the Mother and Father Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), demographic measures, and academic outcome measures. In intact families, mothering and fathering variables were significantly correlated with each other, and positively correlated with child academic outcomes including grades, GPA, academic satisfaction, and academic importance. In divorced families, mothering and fathering variables were not correlated with each other. Furthermore, when analyzing divorced families, significant effects were found for both parent and child gender. Mothering variables were found to have the greatest positive impact for sons’ academic outcomes. Maternal nurturance and maternal involvement were correlated positively with academic outcomes for sons from divorced families and accounted for 3-4% of the unique variance explained. Consistently, desired mother involvement, how much involvement the child wished they had received, was negatively correlated with academic outcomes for sons from divorced families and accounted for 10-15% of the unique variance explained. This means that when the amount of maternal involvement that sons in divorced families received matched or exceeded their desired level of involvement, sons had more positive academic outcomes including grades, GPA, satisfaction with academics and academic importance. This suggests that in intact family forms, nurturant and involved mothering and fathering have a positive effect on academic outcomes for sons and daughters. In divorced family forms, the effects of fathering on child academic outcomes were not significant. Therefore, in divorced families, the positive effects fathering on academic outcomes of sons and daughters drop out, and mothers are uniquely important for sons’ academic success.
2
Greene, Saara. "Young mothers, social exclusion and citizenship." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24645.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the development of the Social Inclusion Unit, the 1997 New Labour government committed themselves to a process of reintegrating and increasing the participation of marginalised groups within mainstream society. A major development produced by the unit has been their ‘Report on Teenage Pregnancy’ (1999a) reflecting a political and social agenda aimed at decreasing teenage conceptions and pregnancies. One way that the government has attempted to achieve these goals has been through disseminating social and political discourse outlining the social problems associated with teenage pregnancy and young motherhood. This has resulted in the development of social policies and programmes aimed at decreasing teenage pregnancy and encouraging young mothers to access social welfare programmes that will increase their participation in the labour market. However, as this study will demonstrate, by focusing mainly on labour market participation as the route to inclusion, New Labour has systematically ignored other barriers to social inclusion that are experienced by young mothers such as their age, gender and race, and a lack of recognition of their working-class culture. Another main aim of this study is to demonstrate how young mothers’ experiences of social exclusion are intensified through New Labour’s view of active citizenship, which emphasises participation in the labour market, education, training programmes, and volunteerism. However, as this study will argue, the young mothers who participated in this study regularly engaged in the responsibilities associated with active citizenship through fulfilling the responsibilities associated with mothering and participating in community based activities and politics that are connected to the welfare of their children. Yet, because the responsibilities and duties associated with mothering are rarely, if ever, associated with active citizenship, young mothers remain excluded from experiencing substantive citizenship status. It will be also argued that because young motherhood is viewed as a social problem, young mothers often carry out their mothering in the public sphere under the gaze of social work and other human service professionals. This points to a contradiction inherent in liberal notions of citizenship that suggest that although the raising of children is a duty worthy of social and political attention, young motherhood fails to be viewed as an activity associated with citizenship. Through juxtaposing social inclusion strategies and programme with in-depth interviews and participant observation sessions with twenty young mothers from a socially deprived community in Scotland, this study will demonstrate how government strategies have failed to recognise the various factors associated with becoming a young mother, and the ways in which the activities associated with young motherhood demonstrate acts of citizenship. As such, this study will argue that young mothers’ experiences of social exclusion may be exacerbated rather than alleviated by New Labour’s social exclusion policies and programmes and their view of what it means to be an active citizen.
3
Rudoe, Naomi. "Young mothers, education and social exclusion." Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539458.
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4
Banks, Hannah. "Young mothers speak out: Young Pākehā women's experiences of motherhood." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Early motherhood is a much debated and highly contentious topic. This research aimed to explore young Pākehā women's experiences of motherhood using a feminist qualitative framework. Twelve women, six current young mothers and six former young mothers, were interviewed via focus groups and individual interviews. The analysis revealed that Pākehā culture constructs young mothers as problematic because they challenge the 'traditional' family dominant in Pākehā culture. By having children prior to, rather than after, workforce participation and achieving economic independence, young mothers challenge the prescribed life trajectory for Pākehā women. The women in this study discussed both the positive aspects and the challenges they faced as young mothers. In contrast to common public perceptions and media representations of early motherhood as negative, motherhood positively transformed the women's lives. This was discussed in terms of ceasing destructive activities and gaining motivation to return to education. The young mothers in this study had flexible parenting styles, which allowed them freedom from Pākehā cultural pressure to 'do motherhood' in a particular way. As young mothers, the women had high energy levels and anticipated early future freedom from childcare duties to pursue their dreams. Challenges discussed by the women included incorporating unanticipated early motherhood into long-held life goals, feeling exhausted, having a lack of time for themselves and having too little support. Financial hardship, poverty, judgment and stigma surfaced as major challenges which affected all areas of the women's lives. However, the women also resisted this discrimination by using a range of strategies, which positions them as women with agency, challenging their representation within literature as passive victims. Young women will not use services where they perceive they will be judged for being who they are. As levels of support appear to determine how young women experience motherhood, services have a vital role to play in supporting young mothers. The findings of this study highlighted the complex and contradictory nature of the young mothers' stories, presenting a challenge to simple and stereotypical negative discourses of early motherhood.
5
Camara, Aly. "Maternité précoce en Guinée (1999-2018) : Niveaux, tendances, déterminants et devenir des mères adolescentes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCH021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse examine la problématique de la maternité précoce en Guinée sur la période 1999-2018, à partir des données des Enquêtes Démographiques et de Santé (EDS). La maternité précoce, définie comme la grossesse et l’accouchement chez les adolescentes, représente un défi majeur pour la santé publique et le développement social, affectant à la fois les jeunes filles, leurs familles et la société guinéenne dans son ensemble. L’objectif central de cette recherche est d’analyser les niveaux et les tendances de ce phénomène, d’en identifier les déterminants sous-jacents et d’évaluer les répercussions à long terme sur les parcours de vie des mères adolescentes.Les résultats indiquent une diminution modérée de la fécondité précoce au cours des deux dernières décennies. Cependant, ce phénomène reste particulièrement répandu chez les adolescentes peu instruites, vivant en milieu rural et travaillant dans le secteur agricole, souvent issues de ménages défavorisés. Les principaux facteurs qui perpétuent la maternité précoce sont le mariage et la sexualité précoces, ainsi que le faible recours à la contraception moderne. D’autres variables, telles que l’ethnie, le niveau d’éducation, l’activité professionnelle, l’exposition aux médias, ainsi que la composition et la structure du ménage, influencent également ce phénomène. Les adolescentes Soussous et Malinkés, notamment celles victimes de mariages précoces, apparaissent comme les plus vulnérables. Contrairement aux perceptions courantes, la maternité précoce n’entrave pas systématiquement les perspectives matrimoniales à long terme. En effet, sauf en 2012, où le risque de monoparentalité a été plus élevé, les mères adolescentes se marient généralement sans difficultés particulières. Toutefois, la maternité précoce exerce une influence significative sur la fécondité, augmentant le nombre d’enfants chez les mères adolescentes. En ce qui concerne l’éducation et l’accès au marché du travail, les résultats montrent que la maternité précoce n’a pas d’impact majeur. Ces trajectoires sont plutôt déterminées par les normes culturelles, l’environnement social, et le niveau d’instruction des femmes. De plus, la maternité précoce ne mène pas nécessairement à la pauvreté, celle-ci étant davantage liée à d’autres facteurs socio-économiques et contextuels.Face à ces constats, plusieurs recommandations s’imposent pour limiter les conséquences négatives de la maternité précoce. Il est crucial de renforcer l’accès à l’éducation pour les filles, en particulier dans les zones rurales, de promouvoir activement l’utilisation de la contraception moderne, et de lutter contre les mariages précoces par des lois rigoureuses et des campagnes de sensibilisation auprès des communautés. L’autonomisation économique des adolescentes, ainsi que l’amélioration des infrastructures de santé, sont également essentielles pour réduire la prévalence de la maternité précoce et ses effets sur la fécondité, contribuant ainsi à un avenir plus équitable et prospère pour les jeunes filles guinéennesThis thesis examines the issue of early motherhood in Guinea from 1999 to 2018, based on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Early motherhood, defined as pregnancy and childbirth among adolescents, presents a major challenge to public health and social development, affecting not only young girls but also their families and Guinean society as a whole. The primary aim of this research is to analyze the levels and trends of this phenomenon, identify its underlying determinants, and assess the long-term impacts on the life trajectories of adolescent mothers.The findings reveal a moderate decline in early fertility over the past two decades. However, the phenomenon remains particularly prevalent among poorly educated adolescents living in rural areas and working in agriculture, often from disadvantaged households. Key factors perpetuating early motherhood include early marriage and sexual activity, as well as limited use of modern contraception. Other variables, such as ethnicity, educational attainment, professional activity, media exposure, and household structure, also play significant roles. Adolescent girls from the Soussou and Malinké ethnic groups, particularly those subjected to early marriage, are among the most vulnerable. Contrary to common perceptions, early motherhood does not systematically hinder long-term marriage prospects. Except for the year 2012, when the risk of single motherhood was higher, adolescent mothers generally do not face significant barriers to marriage. However, early motherhood has a considerable impact on fertility, increasing the number of children born to adolescent mothers. In terms of education and access to the labor market, the results indicate that early motherhood does not have a major impact. Instead, life trajectories are shaped by cultural norms, social environments, and women’s educational levels. Additionally, early motherhood does not necessarily lead to poverty, which is more closely linked to other socio-economic and contextual factors.Given these findings, several recommendations are necessary to mitigate the negative effects of early motherhood. Strengthening girls’ access to education, particularly in rural areas, actively promoting the use of modern contraception, and combating early marriages through strict laws and community awareness campaigns are essential. Economic empowerment for adolescent girls, along with improved healthcare infrastructure, are also crucial to reducing the prevalence of early motherhood and its impact on fertility, thus contributing to a more equitable and prosperous future for young Guinean girls
6
Guastaferro, Katelyn M. "Teaching Young Mothers to Identify Developmental Milestones." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inappropriate parental expectations of age-appropriate behaviors and unawareness of developmental milestones can increase instances of child maltreatment. Additionally, experiences of child maltreatment can have a negative impact on the developmental trajectory of a child. The present research describes a parental aide, the tDevelop, delivered to parents at risk for child maltreatment through SafeCare Parent-Child Interaction (PCI) training with the aim of increasing identification of developmental milestones and age-appropriate activities. Two high-risk families with children close to 24-months of age were recruited from a residential program for young mothers working to develop self-sufficiency skills. The families were presented with the tDevelop along with traditional PCI information, including Planned Activities Training and age-appropriate activities. Data from a multiple-probe, single-case experimental design, suggest that mothers are able to recognize developmental milestones with increased accuracy upon intervention with the tDevelop. These findings suggest that the enhanced PCI protocol may enhance parental identification of developmental milestones.
7
Nash, Sue Petrina. "Young adult mothers and intimate partner violence." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467733046.
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8
Newell, Tani Christine. "Young adult attachment: Predictors and outcomes." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3178369.
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9
Bruffell, Hilary. "Baby love : self-evaluation processes of young mothers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435098.
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10
Fluellen, Jackiethsha Lynette. "Single Mothers of Young Children and Continuing Education." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2815.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The number of households headed by single mothers living in poverty exceeds that of all other categories of poverty-stricken households, and poverty impacts the children negatively in various ways. When single mothers choose not to continue their education, they lessen their chances of finding higher paying jobs and raising their families out of poverty. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to better understand why some single mothers decided to continue into higher education. The study considered the decisions of 6 single mothers of young children in Montgomery County, Texas, and the obstacles they overcame while completing their education. The women were recruited from a co parenting workshop using snowball sampling. The inclusion criteria included single mothers of children ages 0-10 years old and who obtained a degree or specialized certificate. The conceptual framework was based on Bandura's concept of self-efficacy and Carspecken's critical theory. Interviews were used with the 6 women to collect data that were then transcribed, compared, coded, and thematically analyzed. Emergent themes included overcoming obstacles, receiving help from others, acting as their children's role models, dealing with the impact of the father's absence, and receiving motivation from their own parents. The social significance of this research is that it illuminates the problem of poverty among single female-headed households and increases the understanding of why some single mothers decide to continue into higher education.
11
Alotaibi, Sharifah A. "The Experiences of Young Women Taking Online High School Courses: Implications for Teenage Mothers." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1341373181.
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12
McGregor, Casey. "Young Mothers in Appalachia: Meanings of Help from Family." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89593.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study employed interpretive phenomenology analysis to explore the lived experiences of young mothers as it pertains to intergenerational family support within the Appalachian context. Informed by symbolic interactionism, the life course perspective, and the kinscripts framework, the present study sought to uncover the meanings attributed to help from family for young mothers. Nine women (ages 18-28; M= 23.33) who had children between the ages of 15 and 19 were interviewed for present study. Through detail-rich narratives, meanings ascribed to help were uncovered. Help was equated with love, and it was presented as a paradox. Help was also conceptualized as a pathway to facilitate young mothers’ autonomy in their new parental roles. Having autonomy, that is defined as the ability to make parenting decisions, along with support from family was associated with feeling confident and adequate as mothers. Mothers who were refused autonomy described distress and struggled with identifying in their new parental role. These findings and their implications are discussed further.M.S.
The present study explores the experiences of young mothers as it pertains to intergenerational family support, or help from family. Young mothers discussed the ways in which they received or did not receive help from family. Nine women (ages 18-28; M= 23.33) who had children between the ages of 15 and 19 were interviewed for present study. Through detail-rich narratives, meanings ascribed to help were uncovered. Help was equated with many different emotions, including love. Help was also understood as a pathway to facilitate young mothers’ independence in their new parental roles. Having autonomy (i.e., independence), that is defined as the ability to make parenting decisions, along with support from family was associated with feeling confident and adequate as mothers. Mothers who were refused autonomy described distress and struggled with identifying as mothers. These findings and their implications are discussed further.
13
Craig, Mary Margaret. "Sending young boys to kindergarten, mothers as primary researchers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30458.pdf.
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14
Ferguson, Michael J. "An examination of welfare use among young teen mothers /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11179.
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15
Felstead, Karen. "Young mothers: Discursive constructions of their lives and identities." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2020. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/175274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The notion that early motherhood is a significant problem for society is widely documented in the academic literature, and there is a complicated history surrounding young pregnant and parenting women in social and educational policy contexts. Less is known about young mothers themselves and how they experience the social and material effects of early motherhood. The purpose of this study was to examine how young mothers, who attended a young parent program in Lake City in Victoria Australia, experienced early motherhood and how they contested the social discourses that framed their lives. Using a poststructural lens and drawing on the work of Michel Foucault, this thesis used narrative inquiry and discourse analysis to examine the complex nature of seven young mothers’ lives. Analysis of the narrative data showed that despite the complexities, early motherhood was a significant turning point as the young mothers drew on resources of resistance and responsibility to transform their lives. An analysis of the social welfare policy practices identified surveillance and regulation measures as responses to alleviate long-term welfare dependency but did not account for the structural and economic barriers that young mothers encountered in their lives. In educational contexts, the young mothers in this study had experienced disrupted education trajectories before moving to an alternative setting. The findings highlight that they were ‘invisible’ in mainstream educational contexts and while ‘learning from the margins’ in the young parent program. This study found that the voice of the young mother was missing in the social and educational policy discourses, and the complexities of early motherhood were not accounted for within the policies. This thesis argues that young mothers’ voices need to be included in strategic policy responses to address issues of inequity and reduce the structural and economic barriers faced by young mothers.Doctor of Philosophy
16
Haggerty, Kathryn Ann. "How do mothers communicate to young children about location." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/512.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We conducted three experiments to better understand how mothers structure their input to young children for finding hidden objects and how young children use this input to guide their searches. We examined the reference frames and spatial terms mothers use to communicate with their 2.5-, 3.0-, and 3.5-year-old children about location by asking mothers to verbally disambiguate a target hiding container from an identical non-target hiding container for their child. We varied the relative proximity of the target and non-target containers to a landmark and to the mother and child. The target and non-target containers were on opposite sides of the landmark in Experiment 1 and on the same side of the landmark in Experiments 2 and 3. The absolute distance of the containers from the landmark was increased in Experiment 3, while the relative distance of the containers to the landmark and to the mother and child remained the same. In all of the experiments, mothers' reference frame use was governed by the relative proximity of the target and non-target containers to the landmark and themselves. Older children followed directions more successfully than did younger children. The Discussion focuses on how the age of the child and the characteristics of the task shape maternal spatial communication.
17
Oswalt, Krista Lee. "Outcomes of massage interventions on teen mothers and their infants." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007m/oswalt.pdf.
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18
Underhill, Marissa M. "Stepparent-Child Relationship Quality and Young Adult Outcomes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703397/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study set out to test the effects of relationship quality with a stepfather on other familial relationships, romantic relationships, and usual outcome measures for products of parental divorce. OLS regression tests were conducted using responses from over a thousand participants from the New Family Structures Study (N=1,696). Respondents were organized by self-reported level of relationship quality with their stepfathers. Various qualities of stepfather families were then regressed against other family types—single parent, intact, and others. Results show that respondents with high-quality stepfather relationships were able to develop relationships with their biological mothers at stronger levels than people from intact families. This supports resilience theory, which posits that the exposure to risk coupled with positive, promotive factors allows a person to grow beyond his or her original trajectory. The findings of this study assert stepfamilies that encourage good stepfather-stepchild relationships can assuage some of the negative outcomes typical for children of divorce.
19
Smith, Kelli K. "Adolescent Religion and Parenthood Outcomes in Young Adulthood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2367.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A multitude of research exists examining the relationship between religion and early marriage, yet little research has focused on the relationship between religion and early childbearing. Even less has examined the influence of adolescent religion on early parenthood. Using data from the National Study of Youth and Religion, I examined the relationship between religion in adolescence and parenthood outcomes in early adulthood. I focus on how religiosity in adolescence shapes whether an individual is more or less likely to be sexually active, become pregnant, and/or have and keep a child. Results suggest that those who are religious in adolescence are less likely to have children early because of the postponement of sexual debut.
20
Netzel, Katie Sue, and Michelle Becerra Tardanico. "OUTCOMES FOR YOUNG ADULTS IN EXTENDED FOSTER CARE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/59.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the outcomes for young adults in Extended Foster Care. Extended Foster Care is a relatively new program within the Child Welfare system, which provides services for former foster youth between the ages of 18 and 21 to become more successful, independent young adults. Before the implementation of Extended Foster Care in 2012, most of the foster children were left to fend for themselves after they turned 18, which resulted in negative outcomes. Extended Foster Care is a seemingly helpful program; however, due to its new existence there has been very limited research regarding the outcomes of these young adults in Extended Foster Care. This study used secondary data from the San Bernardino County Legislative, Research and Quality Support Services Unit. After data retrieval, independent t-tests and chi-squared tests were conducted using SPSS version 21. The independent variable of days spent in Extended Foster Care was compared to the following dependent variables: disability status, education status, housing status, and employment status and its barriers. The results of this study showed that the longer a young adults stays in Extended Foster Care, the higher their likelihood is of positive housing, employment, and education status. This study suggests it is critical to continue to provide Extended Foster Care services and further research needs to be conducted to ensure program quality and to continue to improve the services to this vulnerable, young adult population.
21
Harrison, Carol. "Seeking a balance, women's experiences as mothers of young adolescents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62474.pdf.
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22
Brewster, Lynne C. "Triadic interaction among young children and their mothers and fathers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11476/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent research into the interaction which occurs between mother, father and child has tended to view the interaction as two dyadic interactions, one occurring between the mother and the child and the other occurring between the father and the child (Barton and Tomesello, 1994). None of these studies have viewed the triadic interaction which exists when mother, father and child are present as anything other than a series of dyadic interactions. In this study, three groups of children aged 12 months, 24 months and 36 months were videotaped for 15 minutes with their fathers and mothers while they ate lunch. Three additional children and their parents were followed in a longitudinal study. The interactions were coded from the videotapes. Included in the coding were turns that were monadic, dyadic, double dyadic and triadic and thus incorporated interactions which are exclusive to polyadic interaction. It was found necessary to include non-verbal behaviors to assist in the definition of the turn and its direction within the interaction. The work examines the way infants and young children gain access to the triad and how the interactive behavior changes as the child's communicative competence develops. The changes in parental interaction styles are also analyzed as a function of the age of the child.
23
Otterblad, Olausson Petra. "Teenage childbearing : pregnancy outcomes and long-term consequences for the mothers /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-3953-5/.
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24
Lee, Hyunsook Chang. "Home environments and developmental outcomes of children born to teenage mothers." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-152421/.
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25
Chauke, Helen. "The challenges experienced by teenage mothers in secondary schools : the case of Hlanganani South Circuit." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/962.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.Ed. (Curriculum Studies) --University of Limpopo, 2013This qualitative study was conducted to explore the challenges experienced by teenage mothers in Hlanganani South Circuit Secondary Schools in the Vhembe District in Limpopo, South Africa. Hlanganani South circuit is made up of seven secondary schools and out of these seven three were sampled because of their vicinity and the high number of teenage mothers in them. A purposive sample was conducted wherein twelve teenage mothers aged between twelve to eighteen years, three educators and three School Management Team members from these secondary schools were sampled to explore the challenges that teenage mothers come across in these schools. Data were collected using two methods, namely: semi structured interview and documents analysis. Semi structured interviews were used to gather information from both teenage mothers and educators while documents such as period registers, attendance registers, morning study registers, permission register, winter enrichment programme registers, afternoon study register, quarterly schedules and continuous assessment tasks were used to explore the challenges faced by teenage mothers in secondary schools. Data from semi structured interview with teenage mothers were analysed and the following themes and categories emerged: difficulty in balancing schooling and motherhood, negative attitude by educators towards teenage mothers, negative attitude of peers, lack of extra lessons/catch up programmes for teenage mothers, lack of optional tasks/tests for teenage mothers, lack of counselling and support for teenage mothers, and lack of structures for teenage mothers. On analysing data from educators, the following categories emerged: lack of cooperation from teenage mothers, lack of commitment by teenage mothers on academic matters, poor school attendance, lack of time for extra lessons, and lack of time for optional tasks/tests. The analysis of data from documents indicated habitual absenteeism, dodging of lessons (morning and afternoon), missing tasks and poor performance by teenage mothers. The key findings of the transcribed interviews indicated that teenage mothers had difficulty in balancing schooling and taking care of their children, because they lacked support from their educators, peers, parents and the community at large. In order for teenage mothers to succeed with their schooling, maximum support is needed from all stake holders, that is peers, parents, educators and the whole community structures.
26
Langley, Julia. "Young mothers' experiences of relationship abuse : personal stories and public narratives." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/26950/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Domestic abuse has historically been defined and constructed as an adult issue. However, in recent years there has been increasing awareness that young people also experience abuse within their relationships that can have serious and long-term effects on their health and wellbeing. Research has revealed higher rates of abuse reported by younger women than by adult women (Barter et al, 2009) and young mothers in particular appear to be at significant risk of experiencing relationship abuse (Wood et al, 2011). However, there is a lack of empirical research that has explored young mothers’ experiences of abuse and, therefore, little is known about the ways in which they understand and make sense of relationship abuse and negotiate their mothering within an abusive relationship. By focusing exclusively on mothers who became pregnant before they were 18, this research addresses this gap in knowledge and offers an original contribution to the evidence base. The primary aim of the research was to offer young mothers who experienced relationship abuse an opportunity to tell their stories. Underpinned by a feminist, social constructionist epistemology, the research adopted a narrative methodology and used semi-structured interviews to generate data. Participants were six young women who became pregnant before their eighteenth birthday and who had experienced relationship abuse in the last year; two were pregnant with their first child and four were already mothers. Narrative analysis of the data using The Listening Guide explored how participants constructed themselves and made sense of their relationships, paying particular attention to the ways in which personal stories reflected or contested available narratives about relationships, abuse, motherhood and teenage pregnancy. The emerging stories offer an insight into how these young mothers negotiated limited and sometimes contradictory narratives in order to make sense of their experiences and tell their own story. Participants told stories about their relationships and stories about becoming and being a mother that were inextricably linked. Stories of relationships and abuse overwhelmingly reflected narratives of romantic love; narratives that place responsibility for relationships with women, perpetuate gender inequalities and normalise male control and abuse. Their stories of motherhood reflected currently available narratives of ‘good’ mothering and rejected dominant narratives about teenage motherhood that were inconsistent with being a good mother. The findings highlight the limited repertoire of narratives available to young mothers who have experienced relationship abuse and reveal the potentially constraining nature of dominant narratives. Recommendations are made for policy, practice and future research.
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Williams, Clare. "Mothers, young people and chronic illness : meanings, management and gendered identities." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2881/.
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Zhang, Yi. "Negotiating work life and family life : young mothers in contemporary China." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19558/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There has been growing interest among both academics and the public in the issue of work-family balance. The emergence of this issue is related to married women’s employment rates and the greater diversity of families and workplaces in the 21st century. In this thesis, I explore young Chinese women’s views on and experiences of balancing working life and family life in northern China. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with 34 young mothers conducted in Jilin Province, I focus on three main questions: 1) How do young-generation women manage childcare, paid work and filial obligation on a daily basis in China? 2) What are young-generation women’s attitudes to and practices of domestic labour and filial piety in China? 3) What factors facilitate or hinder a balance between working life and family life? My data is analysed in three chapters, focusing on: the domestic division of labour in China: meanings and practices; daily journeys while coordinating work, care and education; practising and displaying xiao – young mothers’ negotiations of obligations to elders. I argue that, despite past Maoist rhetoric on gender equality, women retain the primary responsibility for housework, childcare and filial obligation, which reveals the persistent gender inequality within families, although adaptation and greater gender equality was reflected in some cases. By bringing Western and Chinese concepts into dialogue with each other, this study contributes to the understanding of the continuing family changes and distinctive context of work and family in China.
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Papoudi, Despina. "Interpersonal play and communication between young autistic children and their mothers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following a brief introduction to autism and the history of its recognition, a review of the literature is presented covering current models of this condition and empirical studies on play and communication in normal development and in autism. This leads to the conclusion that research into interpersonal play and communication, integrating the contributions of both child and mother are more promising than many of the approaches that have been used so far about the study of play and communication in autism. Identification of autistic, developmentally-delayed and normally developing children was made by means of Subject Selection Inventories (SSIs) developed by the researcher and presented, for the autistic group, to mothers throughout the U.K. Mother-child interaction in the home was video recorded. In two studies, selected portions of the video-record were subjected to microanalysis to analyse interpersonal play and communication. Study A involves 3 groups with 7 dyads in each group. A verbal autistic group consisted of 4 to 6-year-old verbal autistic children playing with their mothers was compared to groups of developmentally-delayed and non-developmentally-delayed children with their mothers. The groups were matched on language development (Reynell Developmental Language Scales), sex and mother's education; the autistic and the delayed children were also matched on chronological age. In Study B, 2 groups of 6 dyads and 7 dyads respectively were compared. The latter group was the same as the verbal autistic group in Study A. The former group consisted of 3- to 6-year-old autistic children functioning at a pre-verbal level of development. Important findings of Study A are, as follows: the verbal autistic children were capable of symbolic play; they rarely pointed, asked for help or information, gave positive replies and laughed or smiled; the mothers initiated a high frequency of approaches when there was in fact no interpersonal communication.
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Wongvatunyu, Suporn. "Mothers' experience of helping the young adult with traumatic brain injury." Free to MU Campus, others may purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091981.
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Monteiro, Sarojini Maria Dos Remedios. "Improving nutrition and physical activity behaviours of mothers with young children." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study reported on the development, implementation and evaluation of a diet and physical activity behaviour change randomized controlled trial for mothers of young children. The six-month flexible delivery intervention was delivered via playgroups to mothers of young children. The intervention demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the intensity of vigorous, moderate and total physical activity duration. It also demonstrated a statistically significant increase in fruit and vegetable intake, and an improvement in fat and fibre eating behaviours.
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Davey, Jeremy D. "Young women, drinking and gender : behaviour, motivations and outcomes /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17255.pdf.
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Fu, Chun-him Henry, and 傅俊謙. "Outcomes of total knee replacement in young Chinese patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48333840.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction:
This study aimed to assess the outcomes and implant survivorship in Chinese patients aged 55 years or younger.
Methods:
We reviewed our local joint replacement registry on a total of 102 knees from 68 Chinese patients aged 55 years or below at the time of surgery. All patients were operated on from January 2000 to July 2007. The mean followup was 8.3 years (range, 5 ? 12.5 years). We included patients with osteoarthritis (70 knees), rheumatoid arthritis (24 knees), hemophilia (4 knees), psoriatic arthropathy (1 knee), post?traumatic (1 knee) and tuberculosis (2 knees). All implants were cemented. 53 were posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sacrificing, 47 were posterior stabilized implants and 1 was constrained implant. The preoperative and latest Knee Society Knee Scores, Knee Society Functional Score, knee range of motion and lower limb mechanical alignment on long film measurement were obtained. The postoperative occurrence of radiolucent lines, complications, revision operation and deaths were noted. Each knee was analyzed separately.
Results:
Mean Knee Society Knee Score improved from 41 (range: 13?79, SD 12.9) to 88 (range: 30?100, SD 13.3)(p <0.0001), while the mean Knee Society Functional Score improved from 41 (range: 0?80, SD 19.2) to 69 (range 0?100, SD 26.5 ) (p<0.0001). 70% achieved a postoperative coronal mechanical axis of within 3 from neutral alignment. Implant survivorship was 97% at 5 years and 85% at 10 years. 11 knees from 9 patients had complications requiring revision surgery. Aseptic loosening occurred in 10 knees of 8 patients. Among those with aseptic loosening, 3 knees from different patients had coexisting osteolysis. Heterotopic ossification occurred in 1 knee. There were no cases of infection.
Rheumatoid arthritis patients when compared with osteoarthritis patients had a more valgus preoperative lower limb alignment (p<0.001), a lower mean preoperative KSFS (30 and 45 respectively, p=0.004) and a lower mean postoperative KSFS (53 and 74 respectively, p=0.006). There were no significant differences in mean improvement of KSFS, KSKS, radiological outcomes and implant survival.
There were no statistically significant differences in clinical outcomes, radiological outcomes and implant survival between PCL sacrificing and PCL substituting implants.
There were no statistically significant differences between the postoperatively neutrally aligned group and the outlying group in terms of clinical outcomes, radiological outcomes and implant survival.
Conclusion:
Total knee arthroplasty provides good clinical and functional outcomes in young Chinese comparable to those of international standards. Careful patient selection is crucial to avoid complications.published_or_final_version
Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Mujanovic, Ajdin. "Physical health outcomes for young people commenced on clozapine." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract BACKGROUND: Psychotic disorders are associated with symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations as well as impaired functioning. Second generation antipsychotic medications are the first line treatment for psychotic disorders, however a proportion of individuals will not respond to the medication. Clozapine is the most effective second generation anti-psychotics, however it is only used as a third line treatment because of serious side-effects. It is associated with metabolic side-effects, which increase the risk of obesity and diabetes mellitus. AIM: Determine the changes in the weight, waist circumference and blood pressure as well as triglycerides, fasting glucose and cholesterol in young people commenced on clozapine after 18 weeks and 6 months of commencement. METHOD: This is a cohort study, including participants aged 15-24 commenced on clozapine between the time period 1st of April 2016 and 30th of September 2017. Data concerning measured outcomes was gathered from patient journals. RESULTS: A total of 36 young people were commenced on clozapine during the study period and the mean age was 19.8 (SD±3.1). At the time of commencing clozapine, the mean weight of the cohort was 86.30kg (±17.08) and after 18 weeks it was 88.90kg (±16.71), and this difference was statistically significant (n=27,df=26,p=0.02) and this weight gain was present for males (n=17,df=16,p=0.038) but not females (n=10,df=9,p=0.214). CONCLUSION: Clozapine may be associated with weight gain in the early stages of commencement and it appears that males are more susceptible to this side-effect. More interventions aimed at attenuating this weight gain is needed.
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Lockhart, Lorraine. "Improving outcomes for young people with type 1 diabetes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims: The thesis aimed to contribute to the current understanding of how to improve comprehensive health outcomes for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken to identify existing interventions designed to improve health-related quality of life in a paediatric diabetes population. The quality of identified studies was assessed and the effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated. Parent-adolescent dyads were also recruited via paediatric diabetes teams to participate in an empirical study. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires measuring psychological flexibility, mindfulness, perception of parental care and control, adherence to treatment and quality of life. Relationships were explored using correlation and regression analysis. Results: Twenty seven articles were identified in the systematic review. More than half were rated as “acceptable” or “high quality”. Quality of life was a primary treatment target in only three studies. Eight studies reported significant beneficial effects on health-related quality of life. In the empirical study, regression analysis found that both parent and adolescent diabetes-specific psychological flexibility predicted treatment adherence while adolescent mindfulness and insulin administration predicted quality of life. Conclusion: There is some evidence for the effectiveness of intensive structured education and coping skills training in improving health-related quality. However consideration should be given to developing theoretically informed interventions to target quality of life alongside other treatment related outcomes. The empirical study suggested psychological flexibility and mindfulness are useful constructs for understanding health outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Acceptance and commitment, and mindfulness-based therapies may prove beneficial for improving outcomes in this population.
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Amendah, Djesika Djatugbe. "Labor Market Outcomes and Welfare Participation of Teen Mothers: Evidence from Georgia." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08072007-200458/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Erdal Tekin, committee chair; Sally Wallace, Shiferaw Gurmu, Kathleen Adams, committee members. Electronic text (141 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-140).
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Brown, Amber L. "Children of Teenage Mothers: School Readiness Outcomes and Predictors of School Success." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9117/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of teenage motherhood on the school readiness, literacy skills, and parental involvement of children participating in the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) early intervention program, as well as make recommendations for optimal outcomes. Study children were participants in HIPPY at five diverse, urban school districts. Using a mixed method design, this study examined the results of quantitative measures of children's school readiness, literacy skills, and parent involvement along with qualitative data collected through mothers' responses to two, open-ended questions related to their satisfaction with HIPPY. According to results of independent samples t-test, mean scores on school readiness and parent involvement measures were not statistically significantly different for the children of teenage mothers and the children of traditional age mothers. However, there were moderate effect sizes for parent involvement and physical development indicating some practical significance. Chi-square results of literacy skills indicated that the children of teenage mothers were almost twice as likely [c2 (1, N = 36) = 4.21, p < .05] to have literacy skills that were "not on grade level" according to scores on the TPRI/Tejas. Descriptive discriminant analysis (DDA) indicated that the multivariate relationship of the four parent involvement variables statistically significantly contributed to whether children born to teenage mothers had literacy skills on grade-level, but it was not significant for the children of traditional-age mothers. DDA analysis conducted on the school readiness variables did not yield any significant results. In addition, odds ratios conducted between literacy level and each of the parent involvement and school readiness variables indicated an increased probability of a child's literacy skills being on grade level when scores were high, but these increases were not statistically significant. While there were differences in literacy skills, teen mothers indicated, through their responses to two, open-ended questions, their desire to for more support for their children in this area.
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Brown, Amber L. Morrison George S. "Children of teenage mothers school readiness outcomes and predictors of school success /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9117.
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McCartney, Karen. "The socio-cultural construction of teenage motherhood in Santa-Maria, Trinidad." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388835.
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Ponsford, Ruth. "Young motherhood and consumption : an exploration of the consumer practices of a group of young mothers in Bristol." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54532/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the consumer practices of a group of young mothers in the city of Bristol. A staged and incremental research design was followed, which incorporated aspects of participant observation, activity based focus groups and a photo elicitation exercise. The study focuses on how a group of young mothers managing on limited incomes engaged with expansive markets for maternity and the new baby, and the meaning and emotion they attached to "baby stuff". The research describes how for the young women in this study buying for babies was a priority and part of their everyday caring work, involving the careful management of budgets and the skilful negotiation of consumer markets as well as the negation of mothers' own consumer projects and youth identities. While perhaps a financial necessity, it is suggested that the focus on meeting the 'needs' of babies over those of mothers enables these young women to locate themselves as 'good mothers', who put their children first. The thesis also explores how for the participants in the research material goods, and in particular the adornment and presentation of infants, played a crucial role in displaying maternal competence in the face of a sense of public visibility and condemnation. Appearance was everything and commodities provided protection for both mothers and children from the negative associations of poverty and an inability to consume. Further to this, the research examines the practices of giving gifts to babies and the making of maternal memory as significant aspects of the materiality of maternity for these young women. It is suggested that giving gifts to babies represents an important form of contemporary gift giving, which enables the expression and constitution of relationships between babies and their social networks. The collection and collation of "baby stuff" provides a means of creating childhood memories and histories which can be recalled through these objects. In this part of the investigation the practice of giving "mum" jewellery and getting the names of babies tattooed on mothers' bodies emerge as two furthers sites where these young women make the maternal visible. The study highlights the significance and myriad roles that consumer culture plays in the lives of young mothers, providing a rich account of the experiences and struggles of young mothers through an original lens. This work fills a gap in the literature on motherhood and consumption and makes a relevant contribution to a number of additional areas of scholarship including youth and consumption; low-income consumption; and indeed young motherhood, engaging also with contemporary debates over commercialisation and commodity consumption in late modernity and discourses about 'disordered' working class consumer practice.
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Carter, Deborah. "A study of mothers with long-term impairments and their young children." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618669.
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Quigney, Ciara. "Parental food rules about eating : comparing mothers and fathers of young children." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432866.
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Pallotti, Phoebe. "Young mothers' negotiations of infant feeding : a qualitative study with ethnographic methods." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15751/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: In the UK, mothers under 20 are the group least likely to breastfeed. Recent public health interventions to promote breastfeeding in the under 20s have met with limited success. Suggested factors include cultural constructions of normative behaviour, environmental and practical barriers, and a lack of professional and community support. However, less is known about the journey through infant feeding and the interrelation of the various influences on the experiences of young mothers. Methods: Ethnographic interviews and participant observation were used to explore the lived experience of ten young mothers aged 16-18 and their babies, from pregnancy to weaning. The data were analysed using Thematic Network Analysis and the emerging themes developed into a coherent description of the influences on infant feeding practices and why these influences seem to lead to formula feeding. Results: The influences were found to relate to three broad thematic areas: the immediate context and the importance of family relationships; the external context of public spaces (which could include the public areas of the home) and the themes of the babies and the milk. Discussion: Theories of the interplay of practical experiences of the young mothers with moral discourses of good motherhood were developed. Using the Ricœurdian theory of the narrative of the self (ipse identity) the work of becoming a mother and making feeding decisions in a morally charged environment are explicated. This approach has begun to reframe the discourse on health research on the public health approach to breastfeeding to encompass and integrate personal identities and social relationships with cultural norms of infant feeding. Conclusions: The findings gave new insights into both why breastfeeding rates are low in this group and why existing interventions have not significantly changed behaviour. The need for a consideration of the social, cultural and moral meanings of infant feeding to young mothers has been highlighted. Practical suggestions for supporting young mothers who wish to breastfeed have also been developed from these research findings.
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Watson, Beccy. "Motherwork-motherleisure : analysing young mothers' leisure lifestyles in the context of difference." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324518.
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Thomson, Hazel J. "Transformative capacities? : constraining and enabling relationships in the lives of young mothers." Thesis, University of Derby, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427605.
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Capewell, Carmel. "The lived experience of Glue Ear : voices of mothers and young people." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2014. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/7846/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This qualitative research enabled the participants (three young people, aged nine to fourteen years, and seven mothers) to explain their experience of living with long-term Glue Ear. As far as I could ascertain this is the first research in which young people and their mothers have led the researcher in exploring their experience. This innovative research illustrates the effects of the condition at home and school. It provides insight into participants’ views of interactions with healthcare and educational professionals. Photovoice is usually used with groups, but in this research it was successfully adapted to enable individual participants to reflect on their experience. The data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to keep the focus on each participant’s words. Innovatively combining these two methodologies provided depth to both the data gathering and the data analysis. Five healthcare and educational professionals were interviewed to understand their perspective. The contribution of this research is that the methodology enabled young people and their mothers to reflect on their experience and lead the researcher in understanding the impact Glue Ear had on their day-to-day life. It highlighted the need for educational professionals to receive more formal training about Glue Ear’s potential educational and social impacts and to potentially adapt their teaching and learning practices to better support affected students. Young people and their parents demonstrated that they have valuable information to contribute to decisions about their healthcare and education requirements and would welcome the opportunity to work collaboratively with such professionals.
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Kidger, Judi Lois. "Young mothers as peer educators in school sex education : a beneficial approach?" Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/e2a5ba0d-7391-4fd5-b954-0937a72fc6ff.
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Feller, Barbara Silva. "Don't be a Bad Mom : Burnout in American Mothers of Young Children." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186897.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Burnout occurs as the consequence of an overburdened stress response system which has become exhausted as the result of attempting to eliminate chronic stressors (Maslach & Jackson, 1981; Selye, 1946). In so much as parenting can be chronically stressful, researchers have begun to apply the construct of burnout to the context of parenting (Mikolajczak, Gross & Roskam, 2019; Aunola, Sorkkila & Tolvanen, 2020; Griffith, 2020; Hubert & Aujoulat, 2018; Kawamoto, Furutani & Alimardani, 2018; Mikolajczak et al., 2018a; b). American mothers consistently report feeling unable to live up to cultural ideals of the “good mother” and feeling as though they are failing (Sutherland, 2010; Collins 2021, Folbre 2008). The current COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a heightened concern for the stress load and mental health of parents with many of them having additional responsibilities and fewer resources (Griffith, 2020). Focusing specifically on U.S. mothers with multiple young children in a stable relationship, this study asks: what are the lived experiences of mothers who are burned out? Using the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire as a measure of exhaustion (Lundgren-Nilssons et al., 2012) and utilizing a qualitative design, this study uses theoretical essentialist thematic analysis to investigate the themes which emerged from six open ended interviews. Key findings suggest that various social/ cultural ideologies along with various dimensions of perfectionism contributed to the mothers’ experience of burnout. Consequences of the mothers’ burnout included resentment toward others and herself and going into “survival mode,” wherein mothers’ made choices which did not align with her values. Another central finding was how the mother’s described feeling ashamed as a contributor and a consequence of their burnout experience. Protective factors are also discussed. The findings of this study can serve to inform public policy reform aimed at supporting mothers and children in the United States where the rates of burnout in parents have increased due to the COVID 19 pandemic (Griffith, 2020).Orsakerna till utbrändhet är ofta på ett eller annat sätt kopplade till ett överbelastat stressresponssystem där det inte längre finns tillläckligan strategier för att hantera stressen (Maslach & Jackson, 1981; Selye, 1946). På senare tid har forskare intresserat sig för att många delar i föräldraskap kan ha samma kroniskt stressande effekter som i arbetslivet har därför intresserat sig för utbrändhet hos föräldrar (Mikolajczak, Gross & Roskam, 2019; Aunola, Sorkkila & Tolvanen, 2020; Griffith, 2020; Hubert & Aujoulat, 2018 ; Kawamoto, Furutani & Alimardani, 2018; Mikolajczak et al., 2018a; b). Flertalet studier visar att amerikanska mödrar rapporterar att de inte kan leva upp till den ”goda mammans” kulturella ideal och känner sig misslyckade (Sutherland, 2010; Collins 2021, Folbre 2008). Den pågående COVID-19-pandemin har väckt en ökad oro för föräldrarnas stressbelastning och psykiska hälsa eftersom många föräldrar får ytterligare ansvar och färre resurser (Griffith, 2020). Denna studie fokuserar specifikt på amerikanska småbarnsmödrar som är i ett stabilt förhållande med frågeställningen om vilka upplevelser mödrar med hög risk för utbrändhet har. Urvalet om sex personer baserades på de i ett större urval som hade hög risk av utbrändhet i självskattningsskalan Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (Lundgren-Nilssons et al., 2012) och använde en kvalitativ studiedesign. Analysen är en teoretisk essentialistisk tematisk analys med öppna intervjuer. Huvudfynden i studien visar att olika sociala/kulturella mekanismer tillsammans med perfektionism upplevdes påverka mödrarnas upplevelse av utbrändhet. Symptomen kopplade till mödrarnas utbrändhet inkluderade bitterhet mot andra och sig själv och att gå in i ett "överlevnadsläge" där mödrarna gjorde val som inte passade med deras värderingar. Ett annat centralt fynd var hur mödrarna beskrev skam som en bidragande orsak av deras utbrändhetsupplevelse. Skyddsfaktorer diskuteras också. Resultaten av denna studie kan användas för att informera om den allmänna politiska reformen som syftar till att stödja mödrar och barn i USA där antalet utbrändhet hos föräldrar har ökat på grund av COVID 19-pandemin (Griffith, 2020).
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Larson, Nancy C. "Parenting stress among low-income young mothers in the transition to adulthood /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11174.
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Lei, Annie Hsiang-Ling. "The role of mothers in young adults' independent and interdependent self-construals /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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