Дисертації з теми "Otariid"
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Browne, Patience. "Some aspects of the reproductive physiology of otariid pinnipeds /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Повний текст джерелаDegree granted in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
Sanfelice, Daniela. "Ontogenia craniana comparada de Arctocephalus australis, Callorhinus ursinus e Otaria byronia (Otariidae: Pinnipedia)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15623.
Повний текст джерелаDrehmer, César Jaeger. "Variação geográfica em Otaria byronia (de Blainville, 1820) (Pinnipedia, Otariidae) com base na morfometria sincraniana." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8135.
Повний текст джерелаVerrier, Delphine. "Extreme fasting in subantartic fue seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups : Physiological adaptations and ecological implications." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13197.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of my thesis were to investigate the physiological and behavioural adaptations displayed by subantarctic fur seal pups in response to the repeated extended fasts they naturally undergo throughout their period of maternal dependence. Fasting energetics, associated endocrine changes and behavioural activity were examined in order to understand the adaptive mechanisms underlying the ontogeny of extreme fasting abilities in these animals. The adoption of an efficient strategy of energy conservation, fat storage and protein sparing (with body proteins contributing to less than 2% of total energy expenditure) in response to fasting is highlighted. Among the diverse hormones measured (thyroid hormones, cortisol, insulin, glucagon and leptin), the importance of leptin in the regulation of energetic and immune homeostasis in response to changes in nutritional state and body reserves is suggested for the first time in a free-ranging mammal (apart from primates and rodents). In addition, my results show that pup resistance to fasting develops progressively with age depending upon pronounced changes in metabolic rates and body fat stores. As a consequence, maternal foraging strategy could be constrained by ontogenetic changes in pup fasting abilities in this species. Furthermore, the trade-offs imposed by the conflicting demands of growing and surviving food deprivation upon the development of diving abilities and foraging skills were also explored in order to estimate the life history cost of extreme fasting in early life and its ecological implications
Mison-Jooste, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude de la biologie des populations de l'otarie à fourrure du Cap (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) : les soins maternels diffèrent-ils en fonction du sexe du jeune ?" Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10079.
Повний текст джерелаReam, Rolf R. "Molecular ecology of North Pacific Otariids : genetic assessment of north fur seal and Steller sea lion distributions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5293.
Повний текст джерелаGehara, Marcelo Coelho Miguel. "Filogeografia do leão-marinho-do-sul, otaria flavescens shaw 1800." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5319.
Повний текст джерелаWe investigated the population structure of the Southern sea lion (Otaria flavescens), an otariid widely distributed along the Pacific and Atlantic coast of South America, which was heavily harvested during the two last centuries. Despite its wide distribution and interactions with fishing activities, few works evaluated the genetic differences and structuring along the species distribution. Here we used both microsatellite (10 loci) and mtDNA markers to evaluate the population structure and evolutionary history of the species. We found significant structuring between Pacific and Atlantic populations that corresponds to two reciprocally monophyletic mitochondrial lineages separated since early Pleistocene, indicating extreme female phylopatry. We also found significant genetic structure between intra-oceanic breeding sites. Microsatellites analyses also found the populations from the two oceans as significantly different with several private alleles, although very small inter-oceanic gene flow mediate by males could not be discarded. Our results show that the species did not suffer recently any significant reduction of its genetic diversity. Our findings strongly support that O. flavescens Atlantic and Pacific populations are two evolutionary significant units (ESUs) and that intra-oceanic breeding colonies should also be managed separately.
Neste estudo investigamos a estrutura populacional do leão-marinho-do-sul (Otaria flavescens), um otarideo amplamente distribuído ao longo das costas dos oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico na América do Sul, e que foi extremamente caçado durante os dois últimos séculos. Apesar de sua ampla distribuição e interações com atividades de pesca, ate o momento poucos trabalhos avaliaram as diferenças genéticas e estruturação ao longo da distribuição da espécie. No presente trabalho, utilizamos marcadores de microssatélites (10 loci) e DNA mitocondrial para avaliar a estrutura populacional e história evolutiva da espécie. Encontramos estruturação significativa entre as populações dos oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico, correspondendo a duas linhagens mitocondriais reciprocamente monofiléticas, separadas desde o início do Pleistoceno, indicando forte filopatria das fêmeas. Também encontramos estruturação genética significativa intra-oceânica entre diferentes sítios de reprodução. A análise dos microssatélites também demonstrou que as populações dos dois oceanos são significativamente diferentes, possuindo diversos alelos exclusivos, apesar de que um pequeno fluxo gênico inter-oceânico através dos machos não pode ser descartado. Nossos dados mostram que a espécie não sofreu recentemente nenhuma redução significativa na sua diversidade genética. Estes resultados indicam fortemente que as populações de O. flavescens do Pacífico e do Atlântico são duas unidades evolutivas significativas (ESUs) e que as colônias de reprodução em cada oceano devem ser manejadas separadamente.
Gehara, Marcelo Coelho Miguel. "Filogeografia do le?o-marinho-do-sul, otaria flavescens shaw 1800." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/176.
Повний текст джерелаNeste estudo investigamos a estrutura populacional do le?o-marinho-do-sul (Otaria flavescens), um otarideo amplamente distribu?do ao longo das costas dos oceanos Atl?ntico e Pac?fico na Am?rica do Sul, e que foi extremamente ca?ado durante os dois ?ltimos s?culos. Apesar de sua ampla distribui??o e intera??es com atividades de pesca, ate o momento poucos trabalhos avaliaram as diferen?as gen?ticas e estrutura??o ao longo da distribui??o da esp?cie. No presente trabalho, utilizamos marcadores de microssat?lites (10 loci) e DNA mitocondrial para avaliar a estrutura populacional e hist?ria evolutiva da esp?cie. Encontramos estrutura??o significativa entre as popula??es dos oceanos Pac?fico e Atl?ntico, correspondendo a duas linhagens mitocondriais reciprocamente monofil?ticas, separadas desde o in?cio do Pleistoceno, indicando forte filopatria das f?meas. Tamb?m encontramos estrutura??o gen?tica significativa intra-oce?nica entre diferentes s?tios de reprodu??o. A an?lise dos microssat?lites tamb?m demonstrou que as popula??es dos dois oceanos s?o significativamente diferentes, possuindo diversos alelos exclusivos, apesar de que um pequeno fluxo g?nico inter-oce?nico atrav?s dos machos n?o pode ser descartado. Nossos dados mostram que a esp?cie n?o sofreu recentemente nenhuma redu??o significativa na sua diversidade gen?tica. Estes resultados indicam fortemente que as popula??es de O. flavescens do Pac?fico e do Atl?ntico s?o duas unidades evolutivas significativas (ESUs) e que as col?nias de reprodu??o em cada oceano devem ser manejadas separadamente.
Charrier, Isabelle. "La reconnaissance vocale entre la mère et son jeune chez l'otarie à fourrure de l'île d'Amsterdam, Arctocephalus tropicalis." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10104.
Повний текст джерелаSilva, Ana Paula da. "Organização e arquitetura microscópica do sistema tegumentar do Lobo-marinho-sul-americano (Arctocephalus australis, Zimmermann, 1783)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-08012009-091944/.
Повний текст джерелаThe South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) members of the Order Carnivora is usually seen during the autumn and winter season in the Brazilian coast from Rio Grande do Sul to Rio de Janeiro, however, there are no reports of reproductive colonies established. The species belongs to the group of pinnipeds, carnivorous with limbs fin-shaped that inhabits both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Studies of the skin morphology are rare and ancient; these studies have arisen many divergent reports, due to sampling of the skin without anatomical references. The purpose of this research was to describe the integumentary system of the species Arctocephalus australis, using animals that came to death by natural cases from reproductive colonies from Uruguay. The body dorsal and ventral regions were identified anatomically. These regions were examined by light microscopy, according to the histological, histomophometric, histochemical and immunohistochemical criteria in the different structures constituting the integumentary system. The skin of the Arctocephalus australis showed differences between the thin and thick epidermis. The thin epidermis showed larger amount of hair follicles than the thicker epidermis, which in some regions was devoid of hair. As well as the other mammals, the South-american-fur-seal skin showed sebaceous glands, apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. The limbs showed the largest number of the specialization among the regions of the body examined, particularly related to thermoregulation, as well as the largest volume fraction of sweat glands and vascular sections. This research pointed the morphofunctional aspects related to biology of the species in different environments, and elucidated some controversial data in the investigation about the integumentary system in pinnipeds.
Drago, Massimiliano. "Dieta y dinámica poblacional del león marino del sur ("Otaria flavescens") en Patagonia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/832.
Повний текст джерелаLa presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo general determinar hasta qué punto la recuperación del león marino del sur tras el cese de su explotación comercial se ha visto afectada por el desarrollo de la pesca industrial. Para ello se han evaluado los siguientes aspectos: 1) incidencia de la edad, el sexo y el estado reproductivo sobre la dieta, 2) incidencia de la dieta materna y de la dimensión de las colonias sobre el crecimiento y la supervivencia de las crías y 3) efecto de los cambios demográficos a largo plazo sobre la dieta y el crecimiento somático. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran: i) que los machos tienen una dieta más bentónica que las hembras y que el consumo de presas bentónicas incrementa en ambos sexos con la edad, reflejando así que el mayor tamaño asociado a una mayor edad mejora la capacidad de buceo, aunque el aprendizaje también podría jugar un papel importante tras el cese del crecimiento, ii) que las hembras incrementan el consumo de recursos bentónicos costeros después del parto, probablemente para minimizar el tiempo durante el cuál las crías permanecen desatendidas, aunque esta estrategia podría comprometer el crecimiento de las crías ya que una utilización intensiva de recursos bentónicos de menor calidad nutricional tiene un efecto negativo sobre la tasa de crecimiento de las crías, iii) que la tasa de supervivencia y de crecimiento de las crías nacidas en colonias de diferente tamaño se hallan correlacionadas negativamente, siendo la supervivencia mayor en las colonias de mayor tamaño, lo que indica la existencia de densodependencia inversa y revela la importancia del infanticidio en colonias pequeñas, iv) que la contribución relativa de recursos pelágicos de elevada calidad nutricional a la dieta de ambos sexos ha aumentado en paralelo al desarrollo de la pesca industrial, aunque al mismo tiempo se ha producido una ralentización del crecimiento somático, siendo ahora los ejemplares adultos de menor talla que hace tres décadas.
A la luz de estos resultados y teniendo en cuenta que actualmente la población de león marino del sur es aproximadamente un tercio de la población estimada antes de la explotación y que su población crece rápidamente, no parece que el desarrollo de la pesca industrial haya reducido la disponibilidad de presas para el león marino del sur en la Patagonia durante la fase inicial de recuperación demográfica, aunque en la actualidad podría estar reduciendo la capacidad de carga para la especie. Por lo tanto, el estancamiento de su población una vez cesó su explotación no puede atribuirse a una disminución de los recursos alimentarios, sino que probablemente fue debido al incremento de la mortalidad de las crías derivada del pequeño tamaño de las colonias de cría y su desestructuración social, lo que habría incrementando la tasa de infanticidio.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Ecología trófica, Isótopos estables, Densodependencia, Pinnípedos
In Patagonia the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) population was <10% than its original size in the 1960s, when sealing ceased and high-sea fishery development began, and stayed at stasis conditions till the 1980s. The present thesis aims to determine how the fishery development could have affected the sea lion recovery, both for a possible decrease in prey abundance and for the ecosystem upset. The following specific aims were examined: 1) age, sex and reproductive state influence on diet, 2) mother diet and colony size influence on pup growth and survival, 3) long-term demographic change influence on diet and somatic growth. Results point out: i) males have a more benthic diet than females and the benthic prey contribution increases in both sexes with the developmental stage, so indicating the increased body size with age improves the diving skill, though the age-related learning could also play a role after the growth end, ii) females increase the coastal-benthic prey consumption after parturition, likely to reduce the foraging trip duration and hence the time during which pups remain unattended on the beach, though this strategy could affect pup growth since an intensive relying on benthic prey with a lower nutritional quality than off-shore pelagic prey has a negative effect on the pup growth rate, iii) survival and growth rate of pups born in different size colonies are negatively correlated, being the survival rate higher in bigger size colonies, which indicates the existence of an inverse density dependence and reveals the importance of infanticide by subadult males in small colonies, iv) the relative contribution of off-shore pelagic prey to both sexes diet has increased in parallel with the fishery development, though a decreased somatic growth has been simultaneously recorded, being the adult individual body size smaller at present than thirty years ago. Considering results obtained and the present sea lion population on the increase, it is improbable the fishery development have decreased the prey abundance in beginning phases of Patagonian sea lion demographic recovery though it is possible it is currently decreasing the carrying capacity for the species with repercussions on body size.
KEYWORDS: Trophic ecology, Stable isotopes, Density-dependence, Pinnipeds
Abreu, Aline Rodrigues de. "Diversidade genética e estrutura populacional do lobo-marinho sul-americano (arctocephalus australis, mammalia, carnivora, otariide) ao longo da costa atlântica da América do Sul." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5420.
Повний текст джерелаThe South American fur Seal, Arctocephalus australis, is distributed along Southern Hemisphere coast with breeding colonies located since Peru until Uruguay. This work focuses on the Atlantic ESU and covers most of the colonies of the Atlantic coast. In recent past, several colonies underwent strong size reduction with hunting and El Niño events. Most studies have focused on investigate the Pacific ESU, little being known about the Atlantic populations. The population structure and genetic variability in this area were assayed with mitochondrial DNA control region and eleven microsatellite loci. The results found high levels of genetic diversity in the region, without evidence of recent genetic bottleneck but with evidence of a population expansion around 200-100 thousand years ago. A sign of genetic structure were found between colonies from Uruguay and Chubut when evaluated by the mtDNA. This is likely due to their strong female philopatry. However, microsatellite analysis did not revealed any existing structure, even between distant areas, supporting that most gene flow is mediated by males. For conservation purposes, these results shows that the South American fur seal Atlantic ESU is a single population and because of that, conservation measures should be aligned among the countries of its distribution.
O lobo-marinho sul-americano, Arctocephalus australis, está distribuído ao longo da costa do hemisfério sul com colônias reprodutivas localizadas desde o Peru até o Uruguai. Este trabalho foca na UES do Atlântico e cobre a maioria de suas colônias. No passado recente, várias colônias sofreram drásticas reduções populacionais com a caça e os eventos de El Niño. Muitos estudos focaram na análise da UES do Pacífico, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a UES do Atlântico. Neste estudo a estrutura populacional e a variabilidade genética destas populações foram avaliadas através da região controle do DNA mitocondrial e 11 loci de microssatélites. Os resultados encontraram alto nível de diversidade genética nesta região, sem sinal de gargalo genético recente, mas com sinais de uma expansão populacional iniciada entre 200. 000 e 100. 000 anos atrás. Um sinal de estruturação foi encontrado entre as colônias do Uruguai e Chubut quando avaliado a partir do DNA mitocondrial, provavelmente causado pela forte filopatria das fêmeas. No entanto, a análise de microssatélite não revelou a existência de estruturação, mesmo entre as diversas subpopulações mais distantes, sugerindo que o fluxo gênico seja mediado pelos machos. Para fins de conservação, estes resultados mostram que o lobo-marinho sul-americano da UES do Atlântico é uma única população, e por causa disso, medidas de segurança devem ser alinhadas entre os países de sua distribuição.
PEREIRA, Eliane Machado. "Identificação da comunidade componente de helmintos, gastrointestinais hepáticos, pulmonares, cardíacos e renais de Otaria flavescens (Leão-marinho-do-sul), no litoral sul do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2318.
Повний текст джерелаThis study verified helminth parasites infection in gastrointestinal tract, lungs, heart, and kidneys of southern sea lions, Otaria flavescens, from south coast of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Twenty-nine sea-lions were found dead on the beaches, whose carcasses had mild state of decomposition, were necropsied. The organs were collected during field necropsies for laboratory analyses were 24 small and large intestines, 24 livers including parenchyma and gall bladder, 29 stomachs, 24 hearts, and 24 pairs of kidneys. The organs were maintained frozen at -20°C until their processing. A sieve with 150µm mesh was used for screening the parasites. All content retained was analyzed under stereomicroscope. The helminthes were collected, counted, fixed in AFA, stained with carmine, and clarified in beechwood creosote. The small intestines were divided into three segments that were separately analyzed to record the distribution of helminthes by preference sites. Kolmorogov-Smirnov test was used to verify the type of data distribution. Comparison of mean abundance of infection between age classes was performed through Wilcoxon test at significant level of 0.05. Correlations between infection intensity, sex, total length of the individual, and length of small and large intestines were determined using Pearson s Correlation. Action® software version 1.1 was applied for statistical analyses. Among 29 specimens of O. flavescens 23 were males, three females, and three individuals whose sex could not be determined. The average length of the animals was 2.14±0.31m (1.58 to 2.64m) including 13 sub-adults and 16 adults. A total of 996 specimens of Contracaecum ogmorhini were recorded, especially in the stomach (10.34% of prevalence), 42,145 specimens of Corynosoma australe (100% of prevalence) and 512 of Bolbosoma turbinella (50% of prevalence) were found. Two species of trematodes were found: Stephanophrora uruguayense (Prev. 4.17%) and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Prev. 33.33% ), a estimated total of 1,988.202 specimens. Cestodes were found in only one of the hosts (4.16% of prevalence) which presented four scoleces. Macroscopically, liver, gall bladder, heart, lungs, and kidneys did not contain parasites. No significant correlation was observed between infection intensity, mean abundance, sex, total length of the host, or length of intestines. Infections levels were similar between sub-adults and adults sea lions. This is the first record of Diphyllobothrium sp., Bolbosoma turbinella, Contracaecum ogmorhini, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, and Stephanoprora uruguayense in O. flavescens in Brazilian waters. As regards parasite fauna of O. flavescens, our data are different from those previously reported for specimens from Pacific coast of South America.
Este estudo analisou os helmintos parasitos gastrointestinais, pulmonares, cardíacos e renais do O. flavescens no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram necropsiados 29 leões-marinhos, cujas carcaças apresentavam baixo estado de decomposição. Os órgãos coletados mediante necropsia a campo para análise em laboratório foram 24 intestinos delgado e grosso, 24 fígados incluindo parênquima e vesícula biliar e 29 estômagos, 24 corações e 24 pares de rins. Os órgãos foram congelados a 20oC até o seu processamento. Para a triagem dos parasitos foi usada peneira com malha de 150 µm e todo o conteúdo retido foi analisado sob microscópio estereoscópico. Os helmintos foram fixados em AFA, corados com Carmin e clarificados com creosoto de Faia. Os intestinos delgados foram divididos em três segmentos que foram analisados separadamente para registrar a distribuição dos helmintos por sítios de preferência. Teste de Kolmorogov-Smirnov foi utilizado para verificar tipo de distribuição dos dados. A comparação da abundância média de infecção entre classes etárias foi realizada através do teste de Teste de Wilcoxon usando nível de significância de 0.05. As correlações entre intensidade de infecção, sexo, comprimento total do individuo e comprimento dos intestinos delgado e grosso foram verificadas usando a Correlação de Pearson. Para as análises estatísticas usou-se o software Action® versão 1.1. De 29 espécimes de O. flavescens 23 eram machos, três fêmeas e em três indivíduos o sexo não pode ser determinado. A média do comprimento total dos animais foi 2,14±0,31m (1,58 - 2,64m), sendo 13 subadultos e 16 adultos. Foram registrados 996 espécimes de Contracaecum ogmorhini presentes principalmente no estômago, (prevalência 10%). Registrou-se 42.145 espécimes de Corynosoma australe (Prev. 100%) e 512 de Bolbosoma turbinella (Prev. 50%). Duas espécies de trematódeos foram coletados: Stephanophrora uruguayense (Prev. 4.17% ) e Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Prev. 33.33% ) totalizando 1.988.202 espécimes. Cestódeos foram encontrados em apenas um hospedeiro (Prev. 4,16%) que apresentou 4 escóleces. Macroscopicamente, fígado, vesícula biliar, coração, pulmões e rins examinados não estavam parasitados. Nenhuma correlação significativa foi observada entre a intensidade de infecção, sexo, comprimento total ou comprimento dos intestinos. Este é primeiro registro de Diphyllobothrium sp., Bolbosoma turbinella e Contracaecum ogmorhini em O. flavescens em águas brasileiras. No que se diz respeito à fauna parasitária de O. flavescens, as espécies encontradas no presente estudo não são as mesmas previamente citadas para leãomarinho-do-sul da costa pacífica da América do Sul.
Ferrasso, Suliano. "Análise dos remanescentes de Pinípedes (Carnivora - Otariidae) em sítios arqueológicos da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7447.
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UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
Os pinípedes são carnívoros marinhos que iniciam sua história evolutiva no Oligoceno médio, em torno de 65 milhões de anos. Eles ocorrem em praticamente todos os oceanos do mundo e vem interagindo com populações humanas desde a pré-história em várias regiões do globo. Para a costa brasileira já foram registradas oito espécies de pinípedes, das quais sete já foram encontradas no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). A partir da análise de remanescentes ósseos resgatados em sítios arqueológicos, sugere-se que os registros pretéritos de pinípedes na costa do Brasil estariam associados aos depósitos do Quaternário. Para o RS são poucos os trabalhos versando sobre osteologia de pinípedes, na maioria são estudos cranianos com amostras atuais sobre diagnose ou ainda dimorfismo sexual, mas muito pouco relacionado à remanescentes arqueológicos. Neste sentido é necessário um aprofundamento sobre a composição das espécies, abundância de indivíduos, ocorrência e tipo de interação destas espécies com grupos humanos pré-históricos. Para tanto o presente estudo foi realizado em cinco sítios arqueológicos do litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul (LNRS), localizados entre Xangri-lá (29°47'23.72"S; 50°02'1824"W) e Arroio do Sal (29°27'0.27"S; 49°49'1.74"W), os quais estavam vinculados á Tradição Sambaqui. O método de prospecção (escavação) seguiu o de cortes horizontais artificiais nivelados, aprofundando verticalmente, formando níveis artificiais sucessivos para assegurar a profundidade e origem dos remanescentes faunísticos. O volume de material prospectado nos cinco sítios variou entre 0,30 m3 e ± 15,18 m3. Neste estudo, foram selecionadas seis quadrículas com remanescentes faunísticos dos cinco sítios para análise, cada uma diferindo em tamanho e espessura estratigráfica arqueológica. Todos os remanescentes ósseos encontrados em cada quadrícula foram coletados nas trincheiras escavadas e levados para triagem e tombamento na Reserva Técnica de Arqueologia do Instituto Anchietano de Pesquisas/Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (IAP-UNISINOS). Durante a triagem em laboratório foram selecionados para este estudo exclusivamente os remanescentes de pinípedes, com base na comparação com esqueletos de espécimes de espécies atuais e da literatura. Como resultado de riqueza taxonômica sob a ótica da zooarqueologia (NISP), foram encontrados 159 remanescentes de pinípedes nos sítios do LNRS, totalizando um MNI de 17 indivíduos. O sítio RS-LN-19 de Xangri-lá apresentou o maior NISP com 130 remanescentes, unicamente da família Otariidae e com pelo menos duas espécies identificadas (Arctocephalus australis e Otaria flavescens). A análise dos remanescentes ósseos do gênero Arctocephalus revelou o predomínio de indivíduos jovens, e adultos em O. flavescens. Este resultado na composição pretérita das espécies de pinípedes encontrados nos sambaquis no litoral do RS sugere que são as mesmas que ocorrem na atualidade, além de indicar que as antigas populações humanas já interagiam com estes animais. Contudo, não se descarta a hipótese de que otariídeos antárticos e subantárticos também tenham ocorrido na região no passado, já que em alguns casos só foi possível chegar até a identificação de gênero nos remanescentes analisados. Por fim, é importante salientar que em 19,53% (n = 25) dos remanescentes ósseos encontrados, foram identificadas marcas de manipulação antrópica como corte (pequenas incisões oblíquas, transversais e subparalelas) e 5,46% (n = 7) coloração enegrecida possivelmente oriunda da queima. Desta forma sugere-se que as antigas populações humanas do LNRS poderiam utilizar os pinípedes como recurso alimentar ocasional.
Pinnipeds are marine carnivores that emerged in the mid-Oligocene, around 65 million years ago. They occur in virtually every ocean in the world and have been interacting with human populations since prehistory in various regions of the globe. For the Brazilian coast eight species of pinnipeds have already been recorded, of which seven have been found on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the analysis of bone remnants recovered at archaeological sites, it is suggested that the past records of pinnipeds on the coast of Brazil would be associated with Quaternary deposits. For the Rio Grande do Sul state coast there are few studies on osteology of pinnipeds, mostly diagnostic or sexual dimorphism studies base on skull samples of current species but there is very little information related to archaeological remnants of pinnipeds. In this context, it is still necessary the analyses of the species composition, abundance of individuals, occurrence and type of interaction of these species with prehistoric humans in the region. The present study was carried out in five archaeological sites on the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul (NCRS), between Xangri-la (29 ° 47'23.72 "S, 50 ° 02'1824" W) and Arroio do Sal 29 ° 27'0.27 "S, 49 ° 49'1.74" W), which were linked to the Sambaqui Tradition. The method of prospecting (excavation) was used in order to obatin several artificial horizontal levels, deepening vertically, forming successive artificial levels to assure the depth and origin of the faunistic remnants. The volume of material prospected at these five sites ranged from 0.30 m3 to ± 15.18 m3. In this study, six squares with faunal remnants of the five sites were selected for analysis, each differing in size and archaeological stratigraphic thickness. All the bone remains found in each square were collected in the excavated trenches and taken to the Archaeological Technical Reserve of the Instituto Anchietano de Pesquisas / Vale do Rio dos Sinos (IAP-UNISINOS). During the laboratory screening, only the remnants of pinnipeds were selected for this study, based on the comparison with skeletons of specimens of current species and the literature. As a result of taxonomic richness from the perspective of zooarchaeology, 159 remnants of pinnipeds were found as number of idenfied specimens (NISP) in the NCRS sites, totaling a minimum number of individuals (MNI) of 17. The RS-LN-19 site of Xangri-la presented the largest NISP, with 130 remnants only for the Otariidae Family, and with at least two identified species (Arctocephalus australis and Otaria flavescens). The analysis of the bone remnants of the genus Arctocephalus revealed the predominance of young individuals, and mainly adults of O. flavescens. This result in the past composition of the pinniped species found in the sambaquis in the RS coast suggests that they are the same that occur today, besides indicating that the ancient human populations already interacted with these animals. However, it is not ruled out that Antarctic and subantarctic antarctic have also occurred in the region in the past, since in some cases it was only possible to identify until the genus in the remnants analyzed. Finally, it is important to note that in 19.53% (n = 25) of the remaining bone remnants, anthropic manipulation marks were identified as cut (small oblique, transverse and subparallel incisions) and 5.46% (n = 7) blackened spots, possibly dut to burning. In this way, it is suggested that the ancient human populations of NCRS could use pinnipeds as an occasional food resource.
Massardier-Galatà, Lauriane. "Succès de la reproduction de prédateurs en contexte de changements climatiques et de la dynamique océanique – Application aux « central place foragers » des zones australes, approche par la modélisation individu centrée." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4050/document.
Повний текст джерелаClimate change has certain impact on the marine ecosystems. A southward shift in productive frontal systems serving as the main foraging sites for many top predator species is likely to occur in the Subantarctic areas. Central place foragers, as seabirds and pinnipeds, are thus likely to cope with an increase in the distance between foraging locations and their land-based breeding colonies. We studied the impact of climate change on the breeding success and population dynamics of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Kerguelen Islands by means of an individual based model we developped, MarCPFS (Marine Central Place Foragers Simulator) which showed that the survival of the female-pup pair is particularly sensitive to the distribution of preys (abundance and structure), to the memorization abilities of the best resource sites found by the female during the rearing period, to the female size and to the foraging distance which it is necessary to cover at each trip. The results suggest that during the next three decades a southward shift greater than 2 km year-1 could compromise the survival and the sustainability of the populations. A coupling with a model of simulation of the oceanic dynamics and the resource (SEAPODYM) allowed projections till the end of this century based on scenarios RCP8.5 of the IPCC (2014), confirming the trends previously obtained. Globally, these works lead us to conclude with pessimistic perspectives about the sustainability of populations even when considering an evolution through time towards individuals of greater sizes
Abreu, Aline Rodrigues de. "Diversidade gen?tica e estrutura populacional do lobo-marinho sul-americano (arctocephalus australis, mammalia, carnivora, otariide) ao longo da costa atl?ntica da Am?rica do Sul." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/214.
Повний текст джерелаO lobo-marinho sul-americano, Arctocephalus australis, est? distribu?do ao longo da costa do hemisf?rio sul com col?nias reprodutivas localizadas desde o Peru at? o Uruguai. Este trabalho foca na UES do Atl?ntico e cobre a maioria de suas col?nias. No passado recente, v?rias col?nias sofreram dr?sticas redu??es populacionais com a ca?a e os eventos de El Ni?o. Muitos estudos focaram na an?lise da UES do Pac?fico, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a UES do Atl?ntico. Neste estudo a estrutura populacional e a variabilidade gen?tica destas popula??es foram avaliadas atrav?s da regi?o controle do DNA mitocondrial e 11 loci de microssat?lites. Os resultados encontraram alto n?vel de diversidade gen?tica nesta regi?o, sem sinal de gargalo gen?tico recente, mas com sinais de uma expans?o populacional iniciada entre 200.000 e 100.000 anos atr?s. Um sinal de estrutura??o foi encontrado entre as col?nias do Uruguai e Chubut quando avaliado a partir do DNA mitocondrial, provavelmente causado pela forte filopatria das f?meas. No entanto, a an?lise de microssat?lite n?o revelou a exist?ncia de estrutura??o, mesmo entre as diversas subpopula??es mais distantes, sugerindo que o fluxo g?nico seja mediado pelos machos. Para fins de conserva??o, estes resultados mostram que o lobo-marinho sul-americano da UES do Atl?ntico ? uma ?nica popula??o, e por causa disso, medidas de seguran?a devem ser alinhadas entre os pa?ses de sua distribui??o
Viviant, Morgane. "Optimisation du comportement d'acquisition des ressources au cours de la plongée : cas de l'otarie à fourrure antartique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066686.
Повний текст джерелаStewardson, Carolyn Louise, and carolyn stewardson@anu edu au. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030124.162757.
Повний текст джерелаStewardson, Carolyn Louise. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae)from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20030124.162757/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаJurczynski, Kerstin. "Tuberculosis in South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) - diagnostic options and its epidemiologic importance for other mammals within the zoological garden." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-99710.
Повний текст джерелаSantestevan, Naiara Aguiar. "Isolamento e avaliação de Enterococcus spp. obtidos de amostras fecais de lobos-marinhos (Otariidae: Arctocephalus spp.) encontrados no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115644.
Повний текст джерелаThe species distribution of enterococci, commensal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), is well studied in different mammals, however in fur seals (Arctocephalus spp.) data do not exist yet. The objectives of this study were: a) to isolate Enterococcus spp. from fecal samples of fur seals found on the North coast of Rio Grande do Sul; b) to determine the prevalence of species; c) to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profile; d) to check the presence of resistance and virulence related genes and; e) to evaluate the genotypic profile by RAPD-PCR. A total of 160 enterococci were isolated and identified as E. faecalis (50.62%), E. hirae (34.37%), E. casseliflavus (11.87%), E. gallinarum (1.87%), E. mundtii (0.62%), and E. faecium (0.62%). Ninety-three isolates were susceptible to 10 antimicrobials tested. Resistance properties were found for erythromycin (21.25%), nitrofurantoin (15.62%), tetracycline (6.25%), norfloxacin (3.12%), and ciprofloxacin (3.12%). Among the 10 isolates resistant to tetracycline, 3 harbored the tet(M) gene and none were positive to tet(L) gene. Among the 34 erythromycin-resistant isolates, 2 harbored the erm(B) gene. Regarding the virulence genes, a higher incidence was observed for the ace (66.87%) and gelE (50.62%), followed by asa (11.87%) and cylA (2.5%). Gelatinase and cytolysin activity indicated the presence of silent genes. Analysis of RAPD-PCR allowed to assemble the isolates into five groups. In conclusion, different species of enterococci are part of the fur seals GIT microbiota and the presence of resistance and virulence elements may be related to anthropogenic factors or origin in the environmental resistome.
Zenteno, Devaud Lisette. "Cambios en la posición trófica del lobo común sudamericano (Otaria flavescens) en respuesta a la explotación masiva de mamíferos marinos y pesca industrial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398133.
Повний текст джерелаMarine predators may undergo remarkable dietary changes through time as a result of both anthropogenic and natural changes in the environment, and hence, a historical point of reference provides the necessary basic information to understand the ecological function of individuals in the ecosystem. In the south-west Atlantic coasts, zooarchaeological and historical records revealed a significant exploitation of South American sea lions by European colonizers and to a lesser extent by aboriginal hunter-gatherers, however, little is known about the influence of these exploitations on the diet of sea lions. Because South American sea lions have been reported as broad spectrum, the intraspecific competition plays an important role in the composition of their diets. It is therefore expected a change in the trophic position of these animals associated with the indiscriminate hunting by Western sealing, and less impact on their populations and diets as a result of aboriginal exploitation. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in archaeological and modern samples from northern-central and southern Patagonia, Argentina have been used in this doctoral thesis to reconstruct the dietary changes of the South American sea lion from the late Holocene to the present in the southwestern Atlantic. Results show a marked increase in trophic level during the twentieth century which might be related to the smaller population size resulting from modern sealing and the resulting reduced intraspecific competition. On the contrary, populations of South American sea lions from both in north-central Patagonia and southern Patagonia showed a stability in the diet for several millennia of aboriginal exploitation. Furthermore, no major changes were detected in the diet of male South American sea lions during the past three decades from southern Brazil despite a dramatic increase in the development of demersal fisheries, suggesting that population levels may be below of their optimal carrying capacity Results confirmed the importance of retrospective analysis of the stable isotope ratios to infer changes in the diet of opportunistic predators, and to identify the ecological transition between pristine ecosystems and anthropogenically modified.
Rojas, Santana Valentina. "Descripción de lesiones pulmonares observadas en el estudio radiográfico simple en lobo marino (Otaria flavescens); y el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar por PCR." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134364.
Повний текст джерелаCon el fin de pesquisar y describir las lesiones pulmonares en Lobos marinos (Otaria flavescens), se realizó un estudio radiográfico simple de tórax a 20 ejemplares cachorros y juveniles. También se realizaron lavados traqueales para la obtención de muestras que fueron analizadas para la búsqueda de bacterias del Complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mediante la prueba de Reacción de Polimerasa en Cadena (PCR), con el objetivo de investigar la presencia de tuberculosis pulmonar. Para ambos estudios los animales se encontraban bajo anestesia general mediante la utilización de Isofluorano, con buena respuesta a la inducción y recuperación. Se logró estandarizar la técnica radiográfica, kVp y mAs, y se extrapoló técnica de lavados traqueales de caninos a lobos marinos. Los resultaron mostraron que 11 animales (55%) presentaban algún tipo de lesión pulmonar, en 10 individuos (50%) se observó un infiltrado del parénquima pulmonar, en 5 de ellos este infiltrado es de tipo difuso, mientras que en los 5 restantes es de tipo celular. En cuanto a la presencia de broncogramas aéreos positivos (BAP), éste estuvo presente en 9 de los individuos en estudio (45%). En lo referente la prueba de PCR, ésta arrojó resultados negativos en la totalidad de los animales, probablemente, debido a que los animales no se hayan encontrado infectados con alguna bacteria del complejo M. tuberculosis
De, Simone Matteo. "Interazione tra squalo bianco (Carcharadon carcharias) e otaria orsina del Capo (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) nell'area di Seal Island a Mossel Bay, Sud Africa." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8327/.
Повний текст джерелаBeauplet, Gwénaël. "Variations des performances de pêche et des performances démographiques des femelles otaries à fourrure de l'île d'Amsterdam (Arctocephalus tropicalis) : influence de la qualité individuelle et des conditions environnementales." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS135.
Повний текст джерелаThis work describes in which extent life history traits are related to the maternal strategies of subantarctic fur seal Arctocephalus tropicalis in Amsterdam Island. During pup rearing, females adjust their foraging strategies (location, activity budget, preys) with seasonal environmental variations. Pups endure extended fasting periods leading to very low growth rates. Preweaning survival (69%) seems to be not affected by any studied factors, while postweaning survival (66%) is dependent of pup sex, preweaning growth rate, and environmental conditions at weaning. High juvenile and adult annual survival rate (98%) is independent of the year or environment, and a senescence effect was shown in females older than 13 years old. Future survival and reproduction probabilities in nonbreeders are lower than in breeders, suggesting a phenomenon of individual quality in this population
Buckles, Elizabeth Louise. "Investigations into the association between Otarine Herpesvirus 1 and endemic cancer in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) : age class, tissue distribution and in vitro cultivation of the virus /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Повний текст джерелаRoux, Jean-Paul. "Sociobiologie de l'Otarie : Arctocephalus tropicalis." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600894r.
Повний текст джерелаGeorges, Jean-Yves. "Stratégies maternelles de l'otarie à fourrure de l'île Amsterdam, Arctocephalus tropicalis : relations avec les conditions environnementales." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS041.
Повний текст джерелаWorms, Otari [Verfasser], and Sven [Akademischer Betreuer] Ackermann. "Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der intra- und postpartalen Behandlung des Gestationsdiabetes in verschiedenen ethnischen Bevölkerungsgruppen des Rhein-Main-Gebietes / Otari Worms. Gutachter: Sven Ackermann." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1075743214/34.
Повний текст джерелаJurczynski, Kerstin [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Eulenberger, Klaus [Gutachter] Eulenberger, and Andreas [Gutachter] Beineke. "Tuberculosis in South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) - diagnostic options and its epidemiologic importance for other mammals within the zoological garden / Kerstin Jurczynski ; Gutachter: Klaus Eulenberger, Andreas Beineke ; Betreuer: Klaus Eulenberger." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1238240852/34.
Повний текст джерелаBarraza, Luna Erik Rodolfo. "Estimación de riesgo de desastres en proyectos de inversión pública para servicios de saneamiento básico de los pueblos localizados en la cuenca del río Otari, distrito de Pichari – provincia La Convención – región Cusco." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5793.
Повний текст джерелаTesis
McKenzie, Jane, and janemckenzie@malpage com. "Population demographics of New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri)." La Trobe University. Zoology Department, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080509.121141.
Повний текст джерелаLowther, Andrew Damon. "Alternate foraging strategies and population structure of adult female Australian sea lions." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/95880.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2012
Müller, Gabriele [Verfasser]. "The foraging ecology of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) on the Patagonian Shelf / vorgelegt von Gabriele Müller." 2004. http://d-nb.info/973616075/34.
Повний текст джерелаStewardson, Carolyn Louise. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/48199.
Повний текст джерелаBiagiotti, Barchiesi María Candelaria. "Características de las interacciones entre machos de lobo marino de un pelo (Otaria flavescens ) en el apostadero no reproductivo del Puerto de Mar del Plata." Bachelor's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/22104.
Повний текст джерелаLa presente Tesis de Grado busca estudiar las características de las interacciones y peleas lúdicas entre machos de O. flavescens en el apostadero no reproductivo del Puerto de Mar del Plata, y la posible influencia de variables ambientales y temporales. En la colonia no reproductiva de Mar del Plata, la actividad social tiene una gran importancia en la adquisición de habilidades comportamentales para la participación en las colonias reproductivas, por lo que las interacciones más frecuentes son aquellas en las que se involucran ejemplares pre-reproductivos. En contextos no reproductivos y unisexuales, la duración y diversidad de los comportamientos son distintas respecto a contextos reproductivos, con variaciones entre ejemplares pre-reproductivos y reproductivos. El total de interacciones observado, está influenciado por las siguientes variables ambientales: fase lunar, marea, hora, período del año, y el número de animales en playa. OBJETIVO GENERAL Caracterizar la diversidad e inversión de tiempo en las interacciones entre machos de O. flavescens en la colonia no reproductiva del Puerto de Mar del Plata, e indagar en la influencia de variables ambientales y temporales...
Fil: Biagiotti Barchiesi, María Candelaria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.
Fil: Biagiotti Barchiesi, María Candelaria. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina.
Fil: Biagiotti Barchiesi, María Candelaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina.
Soto, Karim H. "The effects of prey abundance on the diet, maternal attendance and pup mortality of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) in Peru." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16219.
Повний текст джерелаScience, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
Taylor, Christopher Russell. "Cultural perceptions of the Wellington landscape 1870 to 1900 : an anthropological interpretation : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Social Anthropology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/781.
Повний текст джерела