Дисертації з теми "Organo-Minéraux"
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Pecaut, Jacques. "Ingénierie cristalline de matériaux organo-minéraux pour l'optique non linéaire quadratique." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0037.
Henry, Erwin. "Synthèse d’agrégats organo-minéraux : analogues des particules en suspension de rivières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0209.
Suspended matter (SM) is involved in the transfer of matter from the continents to the oceans. TSS is quantitatively derived from several sources: erosion of continental surfaces, remobilisation of sediments, aquatic biological activity, and anthropogenic activity introducing particles directly into the aquatic environment. Their composition, size distribution and nature will depend on all the processes that control erosion, biological activity and human activities within a catchment. The objective of this thesis is to develop model systems that mimic suspended matter to better understand the reactivity of these natural particles. The question arises as to the choice of constituents to model these model systems. The work on the suspended matter of the Moselle allows the selection of constituents typical of the natural suspended matter transported by the surface waters of the Moselle basin and by the Orne. In order to reproduce the precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides on illite particles, a weakly concentrated Fe(NO3)3 solution (10-4M) to avoid alteration of the illite particles will be added to an illite suspension and hydrolysed by a KOH solution. The concentration and rate of KOH addition, the titration method and the Fe/illite ratio added during this synthesis will be studied. As the association between illite and polymers is poor in the literature, it was necessary first to prepare an additional series of binary illite-polysaccharide samples to better highlight the influence of iron particles on the interactions between the polymer (Dextran or sodium alginate) and illite particles. In the case of the formation of ternary aggregates, there was no established protocol at the beginning of the thesis. The work first consisted in testing several preparation or synthesis conditions, checking the reproducibility and understanding the influence of each synthesis parameter. The thesis is divided into 4 parts. The first part is a reminder of the different knowledge established on suspended matter, particularly its composition and origins. A summary of the materials present in suspended solids as a subject of research is also developed. A second part presents the strategies for the formation of binary and ternary aggregates as well as the choice of analytical techniques to meet the objectives. These strategies are based on the choice made from several tests carried out during this work. A third part deals with the results obtained on the formation of binary aggregates based on illite and polysaccharides. This chapter details the formation of illite-polysaccharide aggregates as a function of several parameters such as the stirring time of the mixture, the concentration of the bivalent salt CaCl2, the concentration and molecular weight of the polysaccharide and the added polysaccharide. Chapter 4 is presented as a scientific paper under review for Applied Clay Science. This chapter, in the form of a scientific article in preparation, first presents the formation of binary Fe-illite aggregates as a function of several parameters such as the rate of addition or the concentration of added KOH and the amount of added iron in the illite suspension. A reminder of some of the results of chapter III is also given. In a second step, the formation of ternary aggregates is compared to that of binary illite-polysaccharide aggregates. A general conclusion is also given at the end of this thesis, allowing us to propose some perspectives to this work
Laoutid, Fouad. "Développement de nouveaux systèmes retardateurs de flamme utilisant des composés minéraux et organo-minéraux dans le polyéthylène térephtalate recyclé." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20008.
Di, Bitetto Arnaud. "Étude structurale et dynamique d’hydroxydes doubles lamellaires : du matériau carbonaté aux hybrides organo-minéraux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0191/document.
This thesis work is based on the synthesis and the characterization of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by an approach combining vibrational spectroscopy, solid-state NMR and X-ray diffraction. The objectives include a description of the cations distribution in the layers, as well as a study of the structural and dynamic properties of the interlayer species. Investigations are mainly carried out for MgII/AlIII LDHs (ratio between 2 and 4) with an increased complexity of the intercalated species: from carbonate for which the materials have a preferential affinity, to other inorganic anions such as halides, perchlorate and nitrate, to finish with organo-mineral hybrids obtained by intercalation of organic anions/biomolecules (amino acids and cyclodextrins).The research carried out highlighted a local cationic order in the layers, preserved after anionic exchange. Furthermore, it has been possible to rationalize the behaviour of each anion in the interlayer space, which strongly depends on the layers charge density, as well as on the hydration state of the compounds. In particular, the coexistence between carbonate and hydrogenocarbonate anions in the interlayer space and their dynamic exchange with atmospheric carbon dioxide are revealed. On the other hand, a new interlayer dynamics probe by 27Al NMR is proposed. Finally, the step-by-step study of LDHs, first intercalating oxalate and then amino acids, allowed the transfer of the knowledge obtained for inorganic LDHs to organo-mineral hybrids. The manuscript ends with an application of cyclodextrins-containing hybrids for the treatment of water polluted with polycyclic organic compounds
Sayen, Stéphanie. "Réactivité de nouveaux matériaux hybrides organo-minéraux à base de silice en solution aqueuse : applications électrochimiques." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10152.
This thesis deals with the study of the reactivity in aqueous medium of organic-inorganic silica-based materials which were synthesised by copolymerisation according to the sol-gel process. Given their attractive properties (rigidity, great porosity, long range order) these compounds are well-suited as electrode modifiers for applications in electroanalysis. The first part concerns the influence of structure and composition of the SH- and NH2- functionalized silicas towards Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions (uptake and kinetics of complexation). In a second part the obtained results have allowed the preparation of a more complex carnosine-based silica material and its application to the electrochemical detection of Cu2+. Finally a new and versatile method was proposed to generate by electrodeposition porous and mechanically stable functionalized sol-gel films on gold electrode
Lamy, Isabelle. "Complexation dans les sytèmes organo-minéraux modèles et naturels : étude comparative des interactions cuivre (II) - ligand (S) monomères (S) et cuivre (II) - polymères." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10093.
Thepot, Philippe. "Matériaux hybrides organo-minéraux élaborés à partir de précurseurs moléculaires à liaison Si-C. Caractérisation et réactivité." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20108.
Akpakouma, Ayitre. "Qualités chimiques et biochimiques des solides de lisier de porc pour une formulation optimale d'engrais organo-minéraux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20592.
Shevchenko, Zaitseva Nataliya. "Matériaux mésoporeux hybrides organo-minéraux bi-fonctionnalisés : synthèse, caractérisation physico-chimique et application à l'élimination du chrome." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0075/document.
The present work proposes to examine chemical characteristics and behavior of two bifunctionalized silicas exhibiting either a mesostructure (i.e., MCM-41) or not (i.e., silica gel, denoted here SiO2) with respect to the immobilization of chromium species. The organo-functional groups selected to achieve this goal are mercaptopropyl and propylsulfonic acid moieties (MCM-SH,SO3H), on one hand, and mercaptopropyl and ethylenediaminetriacetate groups (SiO2-SH/ED3A) on the other hand. The research has been started with structurally ordered materials, of MCM-41 type, to ensure high surface area and easy and fast accessibility to the functional groups. On the basis of thiol-modified MCM-41, a set of sorbent samples containing different ratio of grafted mercaptopropyl and propylsulfonic acid groups (constant concentration of sulfur = 1 mmol g-1) has been synthesized. Special attention was first given to the characterization of surface chemical contents, which are expected to have a strong influence on sorption parameters. A simple, one-instrument method (conductometric titration) has been applied to the simultaneous determination of thiol- and sulfonic group on MCM-SH,SO3H. Then, the experimental conditions that are likely to provide effective sequestration of Cr(VI) on MCM-SH,SO3H have been defined, notably by studying the effect of pH, solid-to-solution ratio, or composition of the adsorbent (i.e., SH/SO3H ratio). On the basis of received data, a reduction-sorption mechanism explaining the uptake process has been proposed. In a second approach, a second type of bi-functional silica (SiO2-SH,ED3A) was suggested so as to improve the affinity (sorption properties) of the material to the reductively-generated Cr(III) species. Silica-gel was chosen as the matrix to graft controlled amounts of mercaptopropyl and ethylenediaminetriacetate groups at its surface. The performance of such bi-functional adsorbent was evaluated with respect to various experimental parameters likely to affect the reduction-sorption process (pH, solid-to-solution ratio, concentration) in order to determine the uptake mechanism and to compare it with the above adsorbent. Finally, it will be seen how this second adsorbent also offers the advantage of being usable in flowing conditions (column experiments)
De, Junet Alexis. "Caractérisation et dynamique des matières organiques stabilisées au sein des complexes organo-minéraux de sols tropicaux, Ile de La Réunion." La Réunion, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LARE0019.
Interactions between mineral phases and soil organic matter (SOM) lead to the formation of organo-mineral complexes (OM/Micplx), which protect SOM against biodegradation. These OM/Micplx are poorly studied while they have a preponderant role in soil organic carbon (C) storage. Our work focused on (i) the characterization of SOM bound to mineral phases and (ii) the evaluation of C dynamics within OM/Micplx. We studied three different tropical soils which come from La Reunion island (hydric Andosol, Andosol and Cambisol). SOM were analyzed with pyrolitic and spectroscopic method. Our results shown that polysaccharids, lipids and N-compounds (proteins and/or amino acids) were strongly present in OM/Micplx, contrary to lignin. SOM associated with iron oxides have a turn-over higher than SOM associated with aluminosilicates poorly crystallized and SOM associated with gibbsite. Overall, origin and turnover of SOM changed according to the type of mineral phases with which they were bound to
Dupont, Étienne, and Étienne Dupont. "Effet de sédiments d'étangs épurateurs combinés avec des engrais minéraux sur la croissance de l'avoine cultivée dans un substrat sablonneux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26012.
Un essai en serre a été effectué pour évaluer l’effet de sédiments provenant d’étangs épurateurs et régulateurs de l’eau, en l’absence et en présence d’une fumure minérale (N-P-K), sur la croissance, la production de biomasse aérienne sèche (BAS) et la teneur en certains éléments traces métalliques (ÉTM) de l’avoine (Avena sativa L.) cultivée dans un substrat minéral peu fertile. En général, le rendement en BAS a augmenté avec les doses croissantes de sédiments et d’engrais. Bien que le sédiment contenait des éléments nutritifs, sa valeur fertilisante était très faible. Les hauts rendements ont été obtenus avec la combinaison d’engrais minéraux et de sédiments. Les concentrations des ÉTM dans la BAS n’ont pas causées de problèmes de phytotoxicité et étaient en deçà des normes établies. Les prélèvements aériens d’ÉTM les plus élevés ont été obtenus dans le cas des échantillons de sol ayant produit les rendements aériens les plus élevés.
A greenhouse trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of sediments from scrubber and water ponds, in combination with inorganic fertilizers (NPK), on the growth, shoot biomass (SB) production and trace metal element (TME) concentration in SB of oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in a low fertile mineral substrate. In general, the shoot length and SB yield of the plant increased with increasing rates of sediment and inorganic fertilizer. Although the sediment contained nutrients, its fertilizer value was very low. The high SB yields were obtained with the combination of inorganic fertilizers and sediment. The concentrations of TME in SB were below typical phytotoxic levels. The uptake of the highest TME was obtained in the case of substrates that produced the highest yields of SB.
A greenhouse trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of sediments from scrubber and water ponds, in combination with inorganic fertilizers (NPK), on the growth, shoot biomass (SB) production and trace metal element (TME) concentration in SB of oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in a low fertile mineral substrate. In general, the shoot length and SB yield of the plant increased with increasing rates of sediment and inorganic fertilizer. Although the sediment contained nutrients, its fertilizer value was very low. The high SB yields were obtained with the combination of inorganic fertilizers and sediment. The concentrations of TME in SB were below typical phytotoxic levels. The uptake of the highest TME was obtained in the case of substrates that produced the highest yields of SB.
Goudket, Hélène. "Etude de matériaux polymères, organiques et organo-minéraux, dopés par des colorants organiques : Application à la réalisation de sources laser intégrées." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006577.
Zaccaro, Julien. "Cristallogénèse et caractérisations de la solution solide dihydrogénophosphate-arseniate de 2-amino-5-nitropyridinium, cristaux organo-minéraux pour l'optique non linéaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10069.
Henao, Valencia Lina Judith. "Etude des bases moléculaires de l'agrégation des sols par des exopolysaccharides bactériens." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00384923.
Salaün, Mathieu. "Croissance d'oxyde métallique par photolyse dans un réseau d'interférences 3D." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0092.
The objective of this thesis was to examine the possibility of carrying out a growth of three-dimensional periodic structures by chemical vapour decomposition in a 3D interfe-rence field. The direct growth of chromium oxide Or20:3 of 3D periodic organization was proven. This one takes place by photolytic decomposition of chromyle chloride Cr02C[2' Moreover, as such a decomposition was realized on T i02 single-crystal substrate, it was found that the structuring of Cr203 exhibits crystallographical orientational relationships with respect to the substrate. The process starts with an epitaxial growth of Or02 which the crystal structure is isomorphous with that of TiCh rutile; CrCh oxide decomposes par¬tially into C7'203, itself cristallographically orientecl with respect to Cr02' Then a growth of Cr203 phase continues according to the electromagnetic energy clensity modulations of the 3D interference network
Salaün, Mathieu. "Croissance d'oxyde métallique par photolyse dans un réseau d'interférences 3D." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612071.
Tahiri, Reda. "Le cuivre comme facteur limitatif pour la pomme de terre et l'orge cultivés dans les sols podzoliques recevant de la tourbe ou des engrais organo-minéraux à base de tourbe." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25743.pdf.
Grégoire, Brian. "Relation Composition-Structure des Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires : Effets de la charge du feuillet et de la nature de l'anion interfoliaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0154/document.
This manuscript is devoted to the comprehension of the relationship between the composition of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) and their structural properties. The first part of this manuscript is focalized on the formation and the structural properties of these materials. The influence of the cationic nature (MgII, NiII, CoII ; AlIII, FeIII) and their stoichiometries within the layer (MII/MIII E [2 ; 10]) constitutes the main axis of these investigations. The study of the hydrolytic behavior of a solution containing a mixture of divalent and trivalent cations as a function of their relative proportion allowed to propose a topotactic mechanism of formation of LDH phases. Moreover, it has been showed that the composition range is solely dependent on the nature of the cations. Thus, electrostatic models were designed to rationalize and predict the composition range as a function of the cationic nature. The second part is concerned with the properties of the interlayer domain. A joint study, coupling vibrational spectroscopies (Infrared and Raman) and X-ray diffraction allowed a detailed description of the influence of the cations and their stoichiometries on the organization of the interlayer anions (Cl-, CO32-, NO3-, ClO4-, aminoacids). The role of the interlayer water has also been investigated. Concerning hybrid organo-minerals, it has been showed that the layer charge dictates the orientation of the interlayered aminoacids, and consequently, their reactivity toward the formation of the peptide bonds. The enantioselective properties of the interlayer domain are highlighted toward the formation of peptides
Laboudigue, Agnès. "Etat et localisation d'un pesticide (le dinoseb) fixé par l'hectorite et la vermiculite-décylammonium : contribution à l'étude des mécanismes d'adsorption de molécules xénobiotiques peu solubles dans l'eau sur des substrats organo-minéraux." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10095.
Horiuchi, Noriaki. "Cristallogenèse, caractérisation par rayons X et étude des propriétés optiques non linéaires quadratiques de cristaux organo-minéraux de 2A5NPDP et 2A5NPCl (dihydrogénophosphate et chlorure de 2-amino-5-nitropyridinium) obtenus en solution libre et en gel." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10232.
Yvanes-Giuliani, Yliane. "Aluminium geochemistry in coastal lowland acid sulfate soils (CLASS) : speciation, reactivity and mobility." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4364.
The aim of this thesis was to further understanding on Al geochemistry in coastal lowland acid sulfate soils (CLASS). It was observed that Al was present almost solely (> 98%) as negatively charged complexes in CLASS pore-waters, presumably with natural organic matter. Isotopically exchangeable concentrations (E-values) of Al and extraction solutions used to estimate the exchangeable pool showed that 1 M KCl always underestimated isotopically exchangeable Al concentrations in these soils and that 0.2 M CuCl2 improved agreement between both methodologies but sometimes overestimated corresponding E values. A sequential extraction procedure showed that substantial amounts of Al have already been dissolved from primary aluminosilicates initially present in the soils and remain in the soils mostly as reactive secondary Al minerals. The outcomes of this thesis significantly further our understanding of Al geochemistry in CLASS environments and how this knowledge can be incorporated into land management practices
Tamrat, Wuhib Zewde. "Sequestration of soil organic matter by nanominerals : experimental approach to the formation of organo-mineral complex from biotite alteration products." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0624.
Organo-mineral interactions, due to the high reactivity of nanominerals, play a major role in soil organic matter stabilization. Nanominerals, which are the result of the continuous alteration of minerals, precipitate from ionic species at the mineral solution interface. In literature, only Fe and Al get emphasis with regard to batch-synthesized nanomineral studies. In this work, laboratory simulations were carried out on the post biotite alteration processes and the resulting neoformations after hydrolysis of the dissolved species from a Si Fe Al Mg and K system, in the presence and absence of C. New phases were characterized by TEM-EDX and EXAFS at the Fe K-edge.In C absence, 10-60nm sized amorphous nanominerals are formed whose composition is controlled by pH at the end of the hydrolysis. For pH4.2 and 7 phases, composition is dominated by Fe, whose polymerization is hindered by Al, Si, Mg and K. Conversely, at pH5, the overall presence of Fe is counteracted by precipitation of high amounts of Si. In C presence, precipitates are amorphous 2-200nm sized particles. This size increases with increasing C presence until a molar Metal:C=1. Precipitation resulted into two distinct size ranges. Smaller particles chemically resemble the leachate solution, while for larger particles it is influenced by C concentration. Composition of larger particles is dominated by Si at low C compositions while by Fe at higher ones. Interesting is the change in chemistry between smaller and larger particles as well as the role of Si often overlooked in other studies. Therefore, these results emphasize on effect of C variations on affinity of inorganic species in natural systems