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1
Breedlove, S. Marc. "Minireview: Organizational Hypothesis: Instances of the Fingerpost." Endocrinology 151, no. 9 (July 14, 2010): 4116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0041.
Анотація:
There is now compelling evidence that the ratio of the length of the second digit divided by the length of the fourth digit (2D:4D) is affected by prenatal androgens in humans. This ratio is greater in females than males from fetal life through adulthood, correlates with polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene in men, is feminine in XY androgen insensitivity syndrome, and masculinized in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Using 2D:4D as a correlate, researchers have found evidence that prenatal androgens affect many sexually differentiated human behaviors, including sexual orientation in women (but not in men), attention deficit disorder, autism, eating disorders, aggression, and risk-taking. In each case, lower 2D:4D, indicative of greater prenatal androgen stimulation, is associated with behavior more commonly displayed by males than females. The correlation between 2D:4D and prenatal androgen stimulation is too imperfect to accurately predict the phenotype of a particular individual, even in terms of sex. However, digit ratio is the best available retrospective marker of average differences in prenatal androgen stimulation between groups of people, and/or correlations of prenatal androgen stimulation with particular behaviors and characteristics within a group. Thus digit ratios offer a valid test of the organizational hypothesis that androgens act early in life to masculinize various human behaviors.
2
B Elgali, Amel Elduhrahman, Normastura Abd Rahman, Azlina Ahmad, and Norliana Ghazali. "Dental Anomalies and Muscle Segment Homeobox1 Gene Polymorphism in Non-syndromic Cleft Lip with or without Palate Children." Annals of Dentistry 30, no. - (December 24, 2023): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/adum.vol30.4.
Анотація:
This study aims to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies and MSX1 gene 799G>T polymorphism and its association with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL±P) attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Clinical and radiological assessments on 37 NSCL±P patients and 80 non-cleft children were done to detect dental anomalies. The buccal cells were collected and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to identify polymorphism. NSCL±P was higher among males (54%) and mostly unilateral cleft lip and palate (51.3%). The prevalence of dental anomalies in morphology in NSCL±P was 18.9% (95% CI: 5.7%, 32.2%) and non-cleft was 6.3% (95% CI: 0.8%, 11.7%). Hypodontia in NSCL±P was 75% (95% CI: 61.2%, 90.2%) and non-cleft was 7.5% (95% CI: 1.6%, 13.4%). There was a significant association between NSCL±P and anomalies in morphology (P= 0.04; OR=3.5)) and number (P< 0.01; OR= 40). There was an absence of rare 799G>T polymorphism in all NSCL±P and non-cleft children indicating that all samples contain common 799G polymorphism. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental anomalies in morphology and number was significantly higher in NSCL±P compared to non-cleft children. However, it was not significantly associated with MSX1 799G>T polymorphism.
3
Pirozhkov, I., A. Smolyaninov, A. Chechetkin, and D. Ivolgin. "Scientific-organizational aspects for developing an inventory of the donors of umbilical cord blood with CCR5 delta32/delta32 genotype for HIV infection treatment." Cell and Organ Transplantology 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22494/cot.v2i1.37.
Анотація:
Projections of the using umbilical cord blood for HIV infection cure consist in the transplantation of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells from the donors of homozygous CCR5 delta32 mutation carriers.This work presents the results of screening evaluation of umbilical cord blood samples from the donors, included in the public registry of the Pokrovsky stem cells bank, for identification of the homozygous CCR5 delta32 polymorphism carriers and their following HLA typing to see the perspectives for creating a public registry of CCR5 delta32/ CCR5 delta32 donors of the umbilical cord blood for treatment of HIV-infected patients. Total 2860 umbilical cord blood samples were examined from which 29 samples with CCR5 delta32 / CCR5 delta32 genotype were selected.High frequency of the HLA alleles most prevalent in the North-West region of the Russian Federation has been found in the donors of umbilical cord blood with wild CCR5 gene and among CCR5 delta32/delta32 donors.
4
Alieva, T. D. K. "Medical and Social Justification of the Implementation of the Optimized Model of Prevention of Genetically Determined Reproductive Losses." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.01.213.
Анотація:
Among the objects of organizational influence of the health care system on reproductive losses, miscarriages and congenital malformations (birth defects) are the most important. Diagnosis of most genetic, chromosomal diseases and malformations of the embryo and fetus is performed using biochemical, cytogenetic, molecular genetic tests and ultrasound diagnostic. Many clinical geneticists focus on birth defects and miscarriages associated with folate cycle disorders related with the greatest number of reproductive losses. We studied levels of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12 in pregnant blood and polymorphic genes C677T MTHFR and A66G MTRR considered due to folate cycle disorders. The purpose of the study was to analyze the organizational aspects of the existing model for the prevention of genetically determined reproductive losses and to propose measures to improve the model. Material and methods. The methods of system approach and analysis, bibliosemantic, prospective, economic, expert assessments provided by the specialty passport (14.02.2003) "Social Medicine" were used for the research. Research period: 2008–2018. Place of research: "Interregional Specialized Medical and Genetic Center – Center for Rare (Orphan) Diseases" of Kharkiv Regional Council. Genetic maps of the archive and own patients, normative-legal acts, data of medical statistics were analyzed. Results and discussion. The study suggested an optimized model for the prevention of genetically determined reproductive losses, which took into account examinations for homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12 levels, MTHFR and MTRR genes to find their polymorphism, ultrasound, prevention using diet and vitamin therapy, involving gynecologists, family physicians and clinical geneticists. The principles of accessibility, safety, effectiveness, timeliness, cost-effectiveness, protection of rights and freedoms (non-discrimination), personal orientation, legal basis, cooperation with other medical and non-medical organizations and institutions, prevention character, complexity and variety of forms of physician’s cooperation who provide care to pregnant with reproductive losses in anamnesis, couples planning a pregnancy, newborns with birth defects, chromosomal, genetic diseases and syndromes. The efficient and uninterrupted operation of the developed optimized system is ensured with the participation of "feedback" mechanisms. Adherence to the proposed model will provide an opportunity to significantly reduce reproductive losses in the coming years in Ukraine, provided that its principles are included in the relevant national programs and protocols
5
Vural, Ali, Sadik Oner, Ningfei An, Violaine Simon, Dzwokai Ma, Joe B. Blumer та Stephen M. Lanier. "Distribution of Activator of G-Protein Signaling 3 within the Aggresomal Pathway: Role of Specific Residues in the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain and Differential Regulation by the AGS3 Binding Partners Giα and Mammalian Inscuteable". Molecular and Cellular Biology 30, № 6 (11 січня 2010): 1528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01018-09.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT AGS3, a receptor-independent activator of G-protein signaling, is involved in unexpected functional diversity for G-protein signaling systems. AGS3 has seven tetratricopeptide (TPR) motifs upstream of four G-protein regulatory (GPR) motifs that serve as docking sites for Giα-GDP. The positioning of AGS3 within the cell and the intramolecular dynamics between different domains of the proteins are likely key determinants of their ability to influence G-protein signaling. We report that AGS3 enters into the aggresome pathway and that distribution of the protein is regulated by the AGS3 binding partners Giα and mammalian Inscuteable (mInsc). Giα rescues AGS3 from the aggresome, whereas mInsc augments the aggresome-like distribution of AGS3. The distribution of AGS3 to the aggresome is dependent upon the TPR domain, and it is accelerated by disruption of the TPR organizational structure or introduction of a nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism. These data present AGS3, G-proteins, and mInsc as candidate proteins involved in regulating cellular stress associated with protein-processing pathologies.
6
Berdnikova, Elena V. "Historical, legal, ideological and political prerequisites for the formation and development of the institution of people’s control in the USSR." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series Economics. Management. Law 21, no. 3 (August 25, 2021): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2021-21-3-323-328.
Анотація:
Introduction. The controversial nature of most of the aspects related to the content and essence of people’s control, the assessment of its historical role and significance in the system of state administration of the Soviet period, the effectiveness of legal regulation and the political problems of its implementation still arouses a genuine interest of the scientific community in the study of this phenomenon. Theoretical analysis. People’s control in the USSR was both a developed ideological and political concept and a real political and legal institution. The founder of the concept of people’s control was V. I. Lenin, who, in his numerous works, described a clear justification of its relevance in the conditions of socialist democracy. Empirical analysis. It was revealed that the process of development of the institution of people’s control in Soviet Russia was largely influenced by the worldview of the country’s top leadership, which demonstrated polymorphism of opinions on the role and significance of popular control in the system of socialist governance. There are three stages of formation and functioning of the system of people’s control in Soviet Russia, which had their organizational and institutional features. Results. The study of the ideological, political and historical and legal prerequisites for formation of popular control led to the conclusion that popular control was a specific institution characteristic of the socialist type of government. It passed a rather difficult historical path: from workers’ control in the first years of Soviet power to a very complex organizational and institutional system of state and public control in the last decades of the existence of the USSR.
7
Rekovets, Leonid, and Liudmyla Kuzmenko. "Species as a system within a system." Novitates Theriologicae, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.53452/nt1218.
Анотація:
The article presents the results of an analytical review of general laws of nature development and their relationships with the laws of biological evolution in terms of general theory of systems and their synergetic manifestation at different levels of organization. The basis of such analysis is the interpretation of the species as a system, as a structure with self-organizing and complicating abilities, as well as a unit of evolutionary diversity and taxonomy. At the same time, as a system, the species occupies an appropriate position in system subordination, in the hierarchy of biological evolution, and in systems of taxonomic division and phylogeny. Its synergistic connections in the system characterize its complexity, functionality, self-organization, and alternative development, which is manifested through saltation, relative balance and constant absorption of energy to organize chaos as a source of order. These characteristics accompany the non-integrated development of biological systems as open and unbalanced by intraspecific polymorphism. Analytical delineation of the species as a system within a system involves defining it as a structure, an element, and a carrier of properties and functions at different organizational (ontogenetic, biocoenotic, and evolutionary) levels of biological systems.
8
Volkov, A. N., and E. V. Tsurkan. "Age and gender distribution among the patients with Gilbert’s syndrome." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-1-75-81.
Анотація:
Aim. To analyze age and gender distribution in patients with Gilbert's syndrome.Materials and Methods. We consecutively recruited 115 patients with Gilbert's syndrome. All patients underwent genotyping of the rs8175347 polymorphism within the UGT1A1 gene using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction to confirm the diagnosis.Results. The age of initial diagnosis ranged from 3 years to 71 years, with the majority (44.3%) of cases detected ≤ 20 years of age. Mean ± standard error and median age of the diagnosis were 30.03 ± 1.72 years and 23 years. Despite the proportion of females and males among patients was similar, age distribution at primary diagnosis was significantly different across the genders. In women, Gilbert's syndrome was most frequently detected between 11 and 20 years (23.1%) and between 51 and 60 years (19.2%). In contrast, male adolescents were more prone to the development of Gilbert's syndrome, as 47.6% of male patients belonged to this age category.Conclusions. Variable age of Gilbert's syndrome diagnosis is probably determined by an individual combination of genetic causes (e.g., mutation of the UGT1A1 gene) and additional risk factors. Adolescents compose a significant proportion of patients. Because of relatively mild disease in many patients and unpredictability of the provoking factors, primary detection of Gilbert's syndrome can be delayed. Differences in age of Gilbert's syndrome diagnosis across the genders can be partially explained by organizational reasons associated with the current screening programs.
9
Khattab, Abdelwahab, Maher Khalil, mahmoud iraqi, emad amin, and Ayman EL Nagar. "MOLECULAR POLYMORPHISM OF MYOSTATIN GENE FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN CROSSBREEDING EXPERIMENT INVOLVING APRI AND MOSHTOHOR RABBIT LINES." Egyptian Poultry Science Journal 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/epsj.2024.347265.
10
Soni, H., J. Batra, S. Dhandayuthapani, A. Mishra, and J. Aggarwal. "Genetic Polymorphism in Papillary Thyroid Cancerm j in North Indian Population – A review." CARDIOMETRY, no. 25 (February 14, 2023): 1188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.25.11881191.
Анотація:
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the generic types of thyroid cancer and most prevalent form of malignancy among all cancers of the thyroid. It is also one of the few cancers with a rapidly increasing incidence. PTC constitutes approximately 85% of all thyroid cancer cases. PTC is usually contained within the thyroid gland and generally biologically indolent. The present article provides an updated condensed overview of PTC, which focuses mainly on the molecular and biomarker investigations.
11
Hladiy, M. V., Yu P. Polupan, S. I. Kovtun, S. V. Kuzebnij, L. V. Vyshnevskiy, K. V. Kopylov, and О. V. Shcherbak. "SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF GENERATION, GENETICS, REPRODUCTION BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PROTECTION OF THE GENOFONDS IN LIVESTOCK BREEDING." Animal Breeding and Genetics 56 (December 4, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.56.01.
Анотація:
The article highlights the main achievements, problems and directions of the further development of the landing stock of Ukraine, the prospects of scientific research of Institute of Animal breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of the NAAS in the areas of breeding, genetics, biotechnology of reproduction and preservation of the gene pool of farm animals. Institute is the initiator of four dairy herds (Ukrainian Red-and-White, Black-and-White, Red and Brown dairy bread) and four meat (Ukrainian, Volyn, Polissya and Southern meat) breeds of cattle. Its employees carry out scientific support of regional livestock development programs, development of systems for the creation and management of commercial herds of dairy and beef cattle, which contributes to solving the global food problem, and to ensure the nutrition security of Ukrainian population. The newly created Ukrainian Black-and-White, Red-and-White and Red dairy breeds for the predominantly intra-species breeding improvement and limited access to the gene pool of the Holstein breeding breed should remain the main areas of the breeding improvement of domestic dairy cattle breeding. The existing breeding system in cattle in Ukraine does not meet international standards and practically does not work in a complex way, and it threatens the final destruction of domestic breeding livestock, a significant dependence of the country on the import of breeding resources. To solve the problem, a new structure of the breeding service with a clear definition of the organizational basis for the management of tribal affairs and functional responsibilities of the subjects of its implementation was proposed, the formation of a centralized national information base for the identification, registration, origin and performance of animals, the keeping of state books of breeding animals as the basis estimation of their genetic value, and its realization is entrusted to the state enterprise created at the institute on Main scientific-production informational-elective center in livestock. Promising areas for farm animal breeding research are grouped into gene identification and the degree of development of quantitative attributes (QTL), early prediction and evaluation of breeding value of animals using markers (MAS). Research on molecular genetics is aimed at improving genetic analysis methods at individual and population levels, monitoring herds of cattle according to different types of genetic markers. Genetic systems for testing animals in 9 loci quantitative attributes, which are involved in the formation of qualitative indicators of dairy and meat productivity. A work is under way to test animals for the polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3 gene of the major histocompatibility complex in animal populations for resistance to or susceptibility to mastitis. Biotechnology research focuses on reproductive biology methods, first of all, manipulations with gametes of farm animals, in vitro fertilization of pre-matured oocytes of cows and pigs, and others. The technology of obtaining oocyte cumulus complexes from ovaries of animals, the conditions of their storage, cultivation and fertilization out of the organism, which allows receiving a much larger number of embryos for both scientific and practical purposes, is developed. A separate direction is the work to improve the biotechnological methods of reproduction of farm animals using nanomaterials. It is based on the application in cryopreservation and sperm production of sperm and ovules of various variants of biologically active substances that are applied to highly dispersed silica molecules (albumin of blood serum of cattle, N-acetylneuramic acid – UFS / BSA / NANA). In order to monitor and preserve the diversity of genetic resources of agricultural animals in Ukraine, a complex of works under NAAS scientific program "System of work in populations and preservation of biological diversity of genetic resources of farm animals" ("Preservation of gene pool of breeds") with a coordination center on the basis of Institute of Animal breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS. The research resulted in the development of the Program for the preservation of the gene pool of local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine for 2017–2025, in which the methodological bases for preservation of the gene pool were generalized, animal breeds were classified according to the criteria of risk, the minimum sizes of herds (real and virtual) of faulting species were substantiated, the minimum the size of subsidies for the proper functioning of small-numbered breeds, general methodological approaches to assessing the specificity of genetic resources are specified.
12
Khritinin, D. F., V. K. Shamrey, A. Ya Fisun, and E. S. Kurasov. "Psychological and psychiatric aspects of unusual living conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic." Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2009-01.
Анотація:
The article examines the psychological and psychiatric aspects of unusual living conditions caused by the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. The features of the formation of psychopathological disorders in the population during an unfavorable epidemiological situation are analyzed. Five periods of their development are identified, which were characterized by their specific features depending on the influence of various factors (patterns of development of the infectious process, the nature of its information support, organizational measures taken, etc.). In the study of the psychological and pathopsychological characteristics of the response under conditions of an unfavorable epidemiological situation, it was established that their structure and clinical features had, along with the general patterns (characteristic for each of the periods of the development of the epidemic situation), a number of specific features. In the course of studying the psychological and psychiatric aspects of unusual conditions of existence (forced self-isolation), three groups of people were identified, according to their age and the nature of their professional activities. It was established that the psychological forms of response and the features of psychopathological manifestations in the conditions of an unfavorable epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19 were characterized by heterogeneity and polymorphism and were determined both by the course of the epidemic process and by the influence of various biomedical, socio-psychological, informational, and professional household pathogenic factors. Of particular importance was the fact that the degree of influence of these factors on the mental health of people was largely determined by the gradually increasing asteniс effect of each of them (the “vicious circle”), with the formation of a “favorable asthenic soil” that promotes the development of more marked and persistent mental and psychosomatic disorders.
13
Dong, Hong, Tsute Chen, Floyd E. Dewhirst, Robert D. Fleischmann, Claire M. Fraser, and Margaret J. Duncan. "Genomic Loci of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Insertion Element IS1126." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 3416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.7.3416-3423.1999.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The Porphyromonas gingivalis genome contains multiple copies of insertion element IS1126. When chromosomal DNA digests of different strains were probed with IS1126, between 25 and 35 hybridizing fragments per genome were detected, depending on the strain. Unrelated strains had very different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns. When different laboratory copies of a specific strain were examined, the IS1126 RFLP patterns were very similar but small differences were observed, indicating that element-associated changes had occurred during laboratory passage. Within the next year, genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation for P. gingivalis W83 will be completed. Because repetitive elements complicate the assembly of randomly sequenced DNA fragments, we isolated and sequenced the flanking regions of IS1126 copies in strain W83. We also isolated and sequenced the flanking regions of IS1126copies in strain ATCC 33277 in order to compare insertion sites in phylogenetically divergent strains. We identified 37 new sequences flanking IS1126 from strain ATCC 33277 and 30 from strain W83. The insertion element was found between genes except where it transposed into another insertion element. Examination of identifiable flanking genes or open reading frames indicated that the insertion sites were different in the two strains, except that both strains possess an insertion adjacent to the Lys-gingipain gene (J. P. Lewis and F. L. Macrina, Infect. Immun. 66:3035–3042, 1998). Most of the genes or sequences flanking IS1126 in ATCC 33277 were present in W83 but were contiguous and not insertion element associated. Thus, where genes were identified in both strains, their order was maintained, indicating that the two genomes are organized similarly, but the loci of IS1126 are different. In both strains, insertion element-associated duplicated target sites were lost from several copies of IS1126, providing evidence of homologous recombination between elements. Larger organizational differences between the genomes, such as deletions and inversions, may result from insertion element-mediated recombination events.
14
Elnahriry, Shimaa, Heba Hussien, and Ghada Hadad. "PCR-RFLP Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility of Isolated Yeast Species from Different Sources in Egypt." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 74, no. 1 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.59501.
Анотація:
Yeasts are thought to contribute significantly to microbiological contamination. In this study, the aim was to examine the occurrence of yeast from different sources (pasturized kareish cheese, chicken meat, wild birds and woman vulvaginal swabs) and assess the antifungal susceptibility of the isolated yeast strains. Two hundred random samples (50 of each) Pasteurized kariesh cheese samples were collected from retail shops, mouth swab of pigeon farmhouses which were complain of loss of appetite and white cheesy exudate inside mouth, fecal droppings of Doves collected from roof of Hospital, General Gardens at Menufia, governorate, Egypt and vaginal swabs from women suffering of vulvovaginitis around Menufia governorate, Egypt hospitals. All samples were collected at the period from January to May, 2020. The prevalence of yeast species were 20%, 22%, 21% and 9% in kareish cheese, pigeon, wild birds and woman vulvovaginal swabs, respectively. The isolated yeast species, mainly Candida albicans species, C. catenulata, C. lusitaniae, C. lipolytica, C.glabrata, C. kefyr, C. guilliermondii, , C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. peltata , C. norvegensis C. lambica , C. tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans and Rhodotorula rubra depending on their chlamydospore production on rice agar medium and confirmed by germ tube formation. Also we examined the genetic characteristics of the isolated strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) PCR and internal transcribed spacer (ITS). In terms of antifungal activity, fluconazole was effective against most isolates of C. albicans. The isolates of C. albicans and C. catenulate were all resistant to Amphotericin-B, whereas none of the isolates of yeasts were resistant to Nystatin.
15
GİRGİN, Erhan, and Hande ÖNGÜN YILMAZ. "Association between Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake and <i>IL-6</i> G(-174)C Polymorphism with Hs-CRP Level in Healthy Subjects." Bezmialem Science 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14235/bas.galenos.2020.4733.
16
Levin, John S., Tiffany Viggiano, Ariadna Isabel López Damián, Evelyn Morales Vazquez, and John-Paul Wolf. "Polymorphic Students." Community College Review 45, no. 2 (November 28, 2016): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091552116679731.
Анотація:
Objective: In an effort to break away from the stale classifications of community college students that stem from the hegemonic perspective of previous literature, this work utilizes the perceptions of community college practitioners to demonstrate new ways of understanding the identities of community college students. Method: By utilizing Gee’s identity theory and Grillo’s theory of intersectionality, we analyze interviews with community college practitioners from three different community colleges on the West coast of the United States to answer these questions: What identities (i.e., natural, institutional, and discursive) do faculty and administrators recognize in community college students? In what ways do community college faculty and administrators describe and conceptualize community college students? Findings: First, community college student identities are intricate and have changed with time; there are two different institutional views held by organizational members—the educational view and the managerial view—which both shape the construction of student identities and play a prominent role in determining which students are disadvantaged. Second, organizational members constructed meanings of student achievement and value (i.e., attributes or outcomes of the ideal student, or what policy makers and institutions refer to as success) according to organizational priorities and perspectives. Conclusion: This investigation encapsulates and elucidates the portrayals and understandings of community college students held by community college administrators and faculty as a means to acknowledge the diverse identities among these students. Scholars and practitioners are encouraged to acknowledge the polymorphic identities of this diverse population to improve scholarship and practice.
17
Angeles, Adrianela, Adriana Perez-Encinas, and Cristian E. Villanueva. "Characterizing Organizational Lifecycle through Strategic and Structural Flexibility: Insights from MSMEs in Mexico." Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management 23, no. 2 (March 21, 2022): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40171-022-00301-4.
Анотація:
AbstractToday’s lifespan of companies tends to be low in the so-called micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Organizational life cycle (OLC) theory indicates that organizational aging is related, but not determined, by the firm chronological age or its size. Therefore, a firm’s aging should be analyzed by other factors such as flexibility. The literature considers flexibility as an essential capability, a source of competitive advantage, and an enabler of long-term growth for MSMEs. However, little attention in emerging economies has been paid to examine the nuances of this concept in relation to the OLC in this type of companies. Additionally, studies tend to analyze flexibility as a general term, ignoring that it is a polymorphic concept. That is why there is a need to research the different categories of flexibility. Drawing on a quantitative approach conducting a factor analysis, a two-step cluster, and decision tree analysis to interrogate data from 257 MSMEs in Mexico, this study provides evidence of different dimensions of strategic and structural flexibility that help to characterize and predict the growth, maturity, and declining stages of MSMEs. Our results show that mature firms present more strategic and structural flexible characteristics than those involved in growth or decline stages. The flexible factors that help classify and predict an MSME in the maturity stage include open communication, decentralized decision making, and formalization. We provide a model with these results to illuminate unaddressed issues regarding the broad term of flexibility and its relationship to OLC.
18
Gervais, Marie. "Repenser le concept d’évaluation de l’efficacité d’une organisation." Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 13, no. 2 (September 1998): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.13.005.
Анотація:
Abstract: The effectiveness of an organization is a widely criticized notion. A review of the literature reveals the confusion and the strong conceptual ambiguity that currently surrounds this phenomenon. Effectiveness appears to be a subject of study that is complex, unclear, unstable, polymorphic and polysemous all at the same time. Moreover, Anspach (1991) characterizes effectiveness as elusive and resistant to definition, conceptualization and measure. Some authors have tried to conceptualize effectiveness and have proposed various evaluation models. Most often, however, these models have proven divergent, difficult to reconcile and unsatisfactory. Taken individually, the models seem incapable of identifying and explaining the whole effectiveness phenomenon. This study presents a new way to approach the evaluation of the effectiveness of an organization. The proposed analysis framework reflects a dynamic conceptualization of effectiveness. Effectiveness is perceived more as a continuous process than an end in itself and is considered both a means and a result of the actors’ behaivour. The analytic framework identifies five dimensions of organizational effectiveness, structural, operational, systemic, strategic, and specific dimensions, which could potentially be examined based on the context and needs of an evaluation. This new way to conceptualize effectiveness merits empirical review.
19
Romanov, B. K., та A. E. Krasheninnikov. "Classification of existing problems in the Russian pharmacovigilance system". Sechenov Medical Journal, № 3 (30 вересня 2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/2218-7332_2018.3.59-63.
Анотація:
The pharmacovigilance system currently represents as a complex of interstate, state, departmental and public institutions. This system provides the receipt and processing of information about facts and circumstances that pose a threat to life or health for person who using drugs at all stages of life cycle of drugs. In addition, in the framework of pharmacovigilance activities, a continuous evaluation benefit and risk of the use of registered and developed drugs. On the way to its formation, the Russian pharmacovigilance system is face a challenge with a spectrum of problems, including the fragmentation of the conclusions formulated and the identification of polymorphic "targets" for the subsequent appropriate managerial decisions at pharmacovigilance field. Classification of existing problems at the field of pharmacovigilance is the technique of integration variety of studied objects to several systematized groups for the subsequent high-level review of the way for optimization and the possibilities for increasing its effectiveness. The results of the studies using methods of content analysis of publications of pharmacovigilance, statistical analysis of spontaneous reports and a sociological survey made it possible to identify a number of problems in the Russian pharmacovigilance system that were grouped of five types: political, organizational, information, cultural and personal. These analyzes allow us to determine the way for further research of the possibilities for increasing the effectiveness of the pharmacovigilance system based on the integrated development of ways for optimize the activity of the leading pharmacovigilance subjects in five problem areas.
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Nocchi, Federico, Pietro Derrico, Gerardina Masucci, Carlo Capussotto, Corrado Cecchetti, and Matteo Ritrovato. "SEMIAUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS FOR IN-HOSPITAL EARLY DEFIBRILLATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, no. 1 (January 2014): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462313000652.
Анотація:
Objectives: Semiautomated external defibrillators (AEDs) should be considered as a means to facilitate in-hospital early defibrillation (IHED) in areas where advanced life support rescuers are not readily available. In this study, we aimed to develop a checklist and a measurement protocol to evaluate and compare AEDs by assessing factors that may affect IHED.Methods: A clinical and technical comparison of six AEDs was performed. Technical specifications were analyzed, while an emergency team evaluated ergonomics and appropriateness for IHED at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital. A measurement protocol was implemented, which aimed to assess the ability of defibrillators to recognize shockable and nonshockable rhythms, accuracy of delivered energy, and charging time.Results: Designs of AEDs differed in several features which influence their appropriateness for IHED. Some units showed poor ergonomics and instructions/feedback for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Differences between defibrillators in recognizing shockable and nonshockable rhythms emerged for polymorphic ventricular tachycardia waveforms and when the frequency and amplitude of input signals varied. Tests for accuracy revealed poor performances at low and high impedance levels for most AEDs. Notably, differences greater than 20 seconds were found in the time from power-on to “ready for discharge.”Conclusions: The approach we used to assess AEDs allowed us to evaluate their appropriateness with respect to the organizational context, to measure their parameters, and to compare models. Results showed that ergonomics and/or performances (timing and accuracy) could be improved in each device.
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Martin, Francis L. "Epigenetic Influences in the Aetiology of Cancers Arising from Breast and Prostate: A Hypothesised Transgenerational Evolution in Chromatin Accessibility." ISRN Oncology 2013 (February 3, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/624794.
Анотація:
Epidemiological studies have consistently supported the notion that environmental and/or dietary factors play a central role in the aetiology of cancers of the breast and prostate. However, for more than five decades investigators have failed to identify a single cause-and-effect factor, which could be implicated; identification of a causative entity would allow the implementation of an intervention strategy in at-risk populations. This suggests a more complex pathoaetiology for these cancer sites, compared to others. When one examines the increases or decreases in incidence of specific cancers amongst migrant populations, it is notable that disease arising in colon or stomach requires one or at most two generations to exhibit a change in incidence to match that of high-incidence regions, whereas for breast or prostate cancer, at least three generations are required. This generational threshold could suggest a requirement for nonmutation-driven epigenetic alterations in the F0/F1 generations (parental/offspring adopting a more westernized lifestyle), which then predisposes the inherited genome of subsequent generations to mutagenic/genotoxic alterations leading to the development of sporadic cancer in these target sites. As such, individual susceptibility to carcinogen insult would not be based per se on polymorphisms in activating/detoxifying/repair enzymes, but on elevated accessibility of crucial target genes (e.g., oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes) or hotspots therein to mutation events. This could be termed a genomic susceptibility organizational structure (SOS). Several exposures including alcohol and heavy metals are epigens (i.e., modifiers of the epigenome), whereas others are mutagenic/genotoxic, for example, heterocyclic aromatic amines; humans are continuously and variously exposed to mixtures of these agents. Within such a transgenerational multistage model of cancer development, determining the interaction between epigenetic modification to generate a genomic SOS and genotoxic insult will facilitate a new level of understanding in the aetiology of cancer.
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Горлов, С. М., and В. А. Бредихина. "THE METHODOLOGY OF A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO ANALYZING ISSUES AND POTENTIAL OF RUSSIA’S MONETARY POLICY." Финансовые Исследования 25, no. 1 (May 24, 2024): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54220/finis.1991-0525.2024.82.1.004.
Анотація:
Введение. Назначение статьи, определяющее ее конечную цель, характеризуется расширением представления о методологии многомерного анализа проблем и перспектив денежно-кредитной политики России на основе учета наднационального, национального, регионального, муниципального и микроэкономического срезов проведения аналитических процедур, которые формируют научно-теоретический базис комплексного исследования системы взаимодействия государства и коммерческих банков. Материалы и методы. Структуру публикации представляют теоретические и методологические аспекты денежно-кредитной политики РФ в условиях изменения геополитической среды, а также предложения, направленные на совершенствование контролирующей и координационной деятельности органов власти в банковской сфере России, имеющие прикладное значение. Поставленные в исследовании задачи предопределили использование в нем полиморфного, сопоставительного, структурно-функционального, институционального, организационного, адаптационного и других инструментов научного познания. Результаты исследования. Статью отличает подход, позволивший обосновать научное положение о том, что методология многомерного анализа проблем и перспектив денежно-кредитной политики РФ представляет собой совокупность знаний, формирующихся и развивающихся за счет использования достижений финансов и кредита, экономической теории, институциональной экономики, теории государственного управления, антикризисного и банковского менеджмента. Выводы и предложения исследования могут использоваться в работе аспирантов при написании ими диссертаций по научной специальности 5.2.4 Финансы. На них также можно опираться работникам коммерческих банков в процессе реализации программ развития кредитных организаций РФ. Обсуждение и заключение. Научная значимость публикации заключается в определении состава многомерного анализа проблем и уточнении базовых инструментов полиморфной оценки перспектив денежно-кредитной политики России. Практическая полезность исследования состоит в том, что его результаты могут найти применение при обосновании стратегий интегрированного роста кредитных организаций и их контрагентов. Introduction. The article’s purpose, which determines its ultimate goal, can be described through the understanding of an expansion towards the methodology for multidimensional analysis of the issues faced by the Russian monetary policy, as well as the prospects it holds, while taking into account supranational, national, regional, municipal and microeconomic sections in analytical procedures that shape the scientific and theoretical basis for a comprehensive study of the system in interaction between the state and banks. Materials and Methods. The issue structure lies within the theoretical and methodological aspects in the monetary policy of the Russian Federation in the context of a changing geopolitical environment, as well as proposals aimed at improving the respective authorities’ supervisory and coordinating activities focusing on the banking sector of Russia, which hold applied importance. The tasks set for the study had made the basis for the use of polymorphic systemic, comparative, structural-functional, institutional, organizational, adaptive and other tools of scientific research. Results. The specific feature about this article is an approach that allows finding grounds for the scientific position claiming that the methodology of multidimensional analysis focusing on the issues and prospects of the Russian monetary policy is a set of knowledge developing through achievements in finance and credit, economic theory, regional and institutional economics, theory of public management, as well as crisis and banking management. The conclusions and ideas proposed within the study can be employed by graduate students working on their research papers belonging to the Scientific Specialty of 5.2.4 Finance. Besides, employees of commercial banks can also rely on the proposed conclusions when launching development programs for credit institutions of the Russian Federation. Discussion and Conclusion. The scientific value of this item lies in identifying the elements constituting multidimensional analysis of problems, and clarifying the basic tools for polymorphic assessment of the prospects for the monetary policy pursued by Russia. The pragmatic value of the study relies on the fact that the study outcomes can be used to explain the strategies for integrated growth of credit institutions and their counterparties.
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Tashcheva, A. I., S. V. Gridneva, and M. R. Arpentieva. "Academic services of psychological support of university education." Professional education in the modern world 12, no. 3 (December 24, 2022): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2022-3-18.
Анотація:
Introduction. Universities provide a range of problem-solving oriented social support services to help students and faculty who experience psychological difficulties. The psychological support service of the university is an important additional form of socio-psychological protection of a person by support at the educational and / or workplace, it is intended to provide psychological assistance, analysis and settlement (mediation) of conflict and critical incidents, (anti) crisis management or expert analysis and guidance / and support in the form of monitoring the impact on health and well-being of the processes and results of educational and related programs and innovations, correction and assistance in coping with difficult situations and problems, coaching of personal, group and organizational development Modern university life is rich in events and problems: it can be exciting and interesting, but, one way or another, it has many difficulties that a person cannot always cope with on his own, including using the usual resources of family, work and educational support. He needs the directed professional support of a psychologist, and, if possible, the help of a multidisciplinary academic service. Such assistance includes both support for a person in situations of stress, conflicts, crises of educational and professional life, and in a number of other problematic situations, violations and difficulties.Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of modern academic psychological services, psychological support of the educational process as a sphere of numerous types of human assistance to a person in solving the tasks facing him of coping with crises of personal, interpersonal and educational and professional development.Methodology and methods of the study. Research method are theoretical structuring and technological support of the psychological support of the educational process.Results. Academic Services can be contacted by clients for confidential, personal and professional advice, etc. for development, assistance in the following areas: immediate relief from stress, identifying strategies for coping with current problems or a crisis, exploring ways for longer-term solutions and larger changes, developing and thinking about next steps, correcting planned routes, etc., developing self-help competencies.Conclusion. Modern academic psychological support services are interdisciplinary, polymorphic, polyfunctional and polytechnological structures that are actively developing in the direction of providing assistance and self-help support to people with disorders and requests that are very different in type, form, intensity and mode.
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Ghadirkhomi, Elham, Seyed Abdolhamid Angaji, Behnaz Beikzadeh, Mohammad-Reza Mashayekhi, and Akram Ghadirkhomi. "Correlation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of PRM1, PRM2, PYGO2, and DAZL Genes with Male Infertility in North West of Iran." Türk Üroloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Urology 48, no. 5 (October 3, 2022): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tud.2022.22032.
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Ramesh, G., J. Logeshwaran, and V. Aravindarajan. "The Performance Evolution of Antivirus Security Systems in Ultradense Cloud Server Using Intelligent Deep Learning." BOHR International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Communication Network 1, no. 1 (2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcicn.003.
Анотація:
When creating an antivirus, not only the latest security mechanisms are taken into account, but also the needs of users. That’s why this antivirus works together at high speed. The program interface allows it to choose the most optimal function. Free delivery allows a large number of users to rate this product. With the help of an intelligent deep learning model, a smart solution was proposed in this article to identify the security threats. It enables rapid detection and efficient treatment of polymorphic and encrypted viruses. Infected archives can now be detected when opened. This helps prevent its software from getting infected again. The program has the ability to create a confidence zone, which allows reducing the scanning time by creating a list of objects subject to scanning. This list should only contain sources that you are sure of. This application is designed to provide reliable protection for your computer. The proposed model allows it to protect its computer from all types of viruses and various Trojans, root kits, worms, and other malicious objects.
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"Metabolism of Arsenic in Human by AS3MT Gene." Advance in Environmental Waste Management & Recycling 5, no. 3 (August 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/aewmr.05.03.01.
Анотація:
The AS3MT may be the most significant protein for the methylation of chemical elements species. The transfer of methyl radical from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to powerfulness arsenical (AsIII) is catalyzed by the AS3MT that is critical for arsenic metabolism in humans. Since the AS3MT genetic polymorphism is linked to arsenic resistance, the association between the single ester polymorphism (SNP) and AS3MT inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolism is being studied. Additionally, we tend to compared chemical action properties of recombinant human AS3MT and AS3MT/M287T. In reaction S-adenosylmethionine, arsenite, or methylarsonous acid (MAsIII) as substrates and endogenous reductants, together with glutathione (GSH), a thioredoxin enzyme (TR) system and tris(2-carboxyethyl) pesticide complex (TCEP). By victimization of either TR or Trx or NADPH or TCEP, AS3MT catalyzes the conversion of iAsIII to MAsIII then to methyl radical sonic acid (MAsV), dimethylarsinous acid (DMAsIII), and diethylarsinic acid (DMAsV). The Cys156 and Cys206 gift in similarity model forms the binding website for AsIII. Cys32 and Cys61 are linked by disulphidebond. The most important product in the initiative of methylation is MAsIII which remains sure to protein until it gets methylated. The product is a lot of hepatotoxic and more malignant neoplastic disease powerfulness methyl arsenicals, however, arsenic undergoes oxidation and reduction as enzyme-bound intermediates.
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Sharaf, A., M. Oborník, A. Hammad, S. El-Afifi, and E. Marei. "A68 Characterization and comparative genomic analysis of two Bacillus megaterium lytic bacteriophages." Virus Evolution 5, Supplement_1 (August 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez002.067.
Анотація:
Abstract Next-generation sequencing technologies provide unique possibilities for the comprehensive assessment of the environmental diversity of bacteriophages. Many Bacillus bacteriophages have been isolated, but very few Bacillus megaterium bacteriophages have been characterized. Here, we describe biological characteristics and whole-genome sequences and their annotations for two new isolates of the B. megaterium bacteriophages (BM5 and BM10), isolated from Egyptian soil samples and representing two different groups according to their host range and amplified fragment length polymorphism profiles. Both phages have been displaying different thermal inactivation points (82 and 78 °C) and pH tolerance range (5–9.2 and 5–8.4 pH) while having the same longevity in vitro (192 h). Electron microscopy observation has proved that both phages belonged to the Myoviridiae family. Furthermore, growth analyses indicated that phages BM5 and BM10 have a shorter latent period (20 and 25 min) and smaller burst size (103 and 117 PFU) than is typical for Bacillus phages. The genome sizes of phages BM5 and BM10 were 165,031 bp and 165,213 bp, respectively, with a modular organization. Bioinformatic analyses of BM5 and BM10 genomes enabled assignments of putative functions to 97 and 65 putative ORFs, respectively. Comparative analysis of BM5 and BM10 genome structures with other B. megaterium bacteriophages revealed relatively high levels of sequence and organizational identity. Both genomic comparisons and phylogenetic analyses support the conclusion that the sequenced phages (BM5 and BM10) belong to different sub-clusters (L5 and L7) within L cluster and display different lifestyles (lysogenic and lytic). Sequenced phages encode proteins associated with Bacillus pathogenesis. BM5 does not contain any tRNA sequences, while BM10 genome codes for 17 tRNAs.
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Яриев, А. А., С. С. Худойбердиев, К. Т. Бобоев, А. Мохаммад Дин, Ш. М. Муминов та Б. И. Шукуров. "Relationship of tgf-β1 and mthfr gene polymorphism with the development of varicose disease and its thrombotic complications". Bulletin of Emergency Medicine 15, № 5 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.54185/tbem/vol15_iss5/a5.
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Sacco, James C., Emma Starr, Alyssa Weaver, Rachel Dietz, and Muhammad A. Spocter. "Resequencing of the TMF-1 (TATA Element Modulatory Factor) regulated protein (TRNP1) gene in domestic and wild canids." Canine Medicine and Genetics 10, no. 1 (November 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40575-023-00133-0.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Cortical folding is related to the functional organization of the brain. The TMF-1 regulated protein (TRNP1) regulates the expansion and folding of the mammalian cerebral cortex, a process that may have been accelerated by the domestication of dogs. The objectives of this study were to sequence the TRNP1 gene in dogs and related canid species, provide evidence of its expression in dog brain and compare the genetic variation within dogs and across the Canidae. The gene was located in silico to dog chromosome 2. The sequence was experimentally confirmed by amplifying and sequencing the TRNP1 exonic and promoter regions in 72 canids (36 purebred dogs, 20 Gy wolves and wolf-dog hybrids, 10 coyotes, 5 red foxes and 1 Gy fox). Results A partial TRNP1 transcript was isolated from several regions in the dog brain. Thirty genetic polymorphisms were found in the Canis sp. with 17 common to both dogs and wolves, and only one unique to dogs. Seven polymorphisms were observed only in coyotes. An additional 9 variants were seen in red foxes. Dogs were the least genetically diverse. Several polymorphisms in the promoter and 3'untranslated region were predicted to alter TRNP1 function by interfering with the binding of transcriptional repressors and miRNAs expressed in neural precursors. A c.259_264 deletion variant that encodes a polyalanine expansion was polymorphic in all species studied except for dogs. A stretch of 15 nucleotides that is found in other mammalian sequences (corresponding to 5 amino acids located between Pro58 and Ala59 in the putative dog protein) was absent from the TRNP1 sequences of all 5 canid species sequenced. Both of these aforementioned coding sequence variations were predicted to affect the formation of alpha helices in the disordered region of the TRNP1 protein. Conclusions Potentially functionally important polymorphisms in the TRNP1 gene are found within and across various Canis species as well as the red fox, and unique differences in protein structure have evolved and been conserved in the Canidae compared to all other mammalian species.
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Dacin, M. Tina, Tammar B. Zilber, Melodie Cartel, and Ewald Kibler. "Navigating Place: Extending Perspectives on Place in Organization Studies." Organization Studies, April 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01708406241252944.
Анотація:
We draw upon the metaphor of navigation to rethink how we think about place. We highlight three extensions that dominate current place-sensitive organizational research. We draw upon a set of six important papers published in Organization Studies that showcase the diversity, multiplicity, and multidimensionality of place. The studies we select highlight three important movements in the study of place - from stable to dynamic, from physical to polymorphic, and from neutral to political. In doing so, they serve as a compass to guide our thinking and research on how place is created, negotiated and experienced.
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Romdhane, Lilia, Sameh Kefi, Nessrine Mezzi, Najla Abassi, Haifa Jmel, Safa Romdhane, Jingxuan Shan, Lotfi Chouchane, and Sonia Abdelhak. "Ethnic and functional differentiation of copy number polymorphisms in Tunisian and HapMap population unveils insights on genome organizational plasticity." Scientific Reports 14, no. 1 (February 26, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54749-8.
Анотація:
AbstractAdmixture mapping has been useful in identifying genetic variations linked to phenotypes, adaptation and diseases. Copy number variations (CNVs) represents genomic structural variants spanning large regions of chromosomes reaching several megabases. In this investigation, the “Canary” algorithm was applied to 102 Tunisian samples and 991 individuals from eleven HapMap III populations to genotype 1279 copy number polymorphisms (CNPs). In this present work, we investigate the Tunisian population structure using the CNP makers previously identified among Tunisian. The study revealed that Sub-Saharan African populations exhibited the highest diversity with the highest proportions of allelic CNPs. Among all the African populations, Tunisia showed the least diversity. Individual ancestry proportions computed using STRUCTURE analysis revealed a major European component among Tunisians with lesser contribution from Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Population structure analysis indicated the genetic proximity with Europeans and noticeable distance from the Sub-Saharan African and East Asian clusters. Seven genes harbouring Tunisian high-frequent CNPs were identified known to be associated with 9 Mendelian diseases and/or phenotypes. Functional annotation of genes under selection highlighted a noteworthy enrichment of biological processes to receptor pathway and activity as well as glutathione metabolism. Additionally, pathways of potential concern for health such as drug metabolism, infectious diseases and cancers exhibited significant enrichment. The distinctive genetic makeup of the Tunisians might have been influenced by various factors including natural selection and genetic drift, resulting in the development of distinct genetic variations playing roles in specific biological processes. Our research provides a justification for focusing on the exclusive genome organization of this population and uncovers previously overlooked elements of the genome.
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Fernández Fernández, Susana. "March’s foolish views on leadership, or how to fail optimistically, pursue ethical authenticity, choose mindful resilience and enable ambiguous innovation." Journal of Management History ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (September 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-01-2021-0010.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to refract March’s views on leadership to re-frame them within an authentic model that understands optimistic failure and mindful resilience as likely byproducts of enabling ambiguous innovation. An analysis of March’s theories of slack, and the concepts of exploration and exploitation, as well as that of foolishness, are used to support the adoption of authentic and ethical leadership as an intelligent practice and, more concretely, to portray the leader as a resilient “juggling fool.” Design/methodology/approach This paper makes use of primary data by focusing on March’s published works, as well as on interviews and other materials written about him, or those discussing his contributions. A post-hoc practice of “appreciation” facilitated a fresh refraction of the “evidence” to identify or recognize new perspectives and/or challenges to March’s conceptualization of leadership, while relying on literature and metaphor to engage in “polymorphic research.” Findings This paper presents March as a complex thinker, whose thoughts on leadership have received, perhaps, less attention for being thought to be more refractive and less empirical. Nonetheless, his reflections on leadership re-discover him as a solid leadership philosopher. His use of literature, his theories of slack and the concepts of exploration and exploitation, as well as that of foolishness, may help leadership scholars to understand the essence of authentic and ethical leadership as an intelligent practice. Practical implications This paper proposes to extrapolate March’s vast insights about organizational theory to further develop the framework of authentic leadership. This re-framing of the leader as a “juggling fool” constitutes an empowered view of leadership that comes closer to balancing the complementary purposes of leadership and management; an effort that rests at the core of the future of leadership. Originality/value Despite the ostensible popularity of leadership over management as a desired organizational outcome, March’s phenomenal insights remind current and developing leaders of just how much the two fields must overlap in constant tension. It is, perhaps, the conceptualization of a leader as an authentic and resilient “juggling fool” what adds depth of meaning to March’s contributions to the field of leadership beyond that of management.
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Nahara, Maryna. "CONCEPTUAL ECOSYSTEM MODEL: COMPONENTS AND COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIPS." PROBLEMS OF SYSTEMIC APPROACH IN THE ECONOMY, no. 1(87) (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2520-2200/2022-1-2.
Анотація:
Ecosystem is a polymorphic phenomenon of collaboration. It is considered one of the most perspective models of network organization and social, ecological and economic cooperation in the XXI century. The ecosystem model envisages the transformation of the hierarchical mechanism of management and the formation of a mobile environment for the free exchange of knowledge, information, resources, technologies and competencies. The synergy of interactions that arises creates the ability of the ecosystem to develop, form new competencies, while maximizing social, economic and environmental effects. The ecosystem includes consumers, leading manufacturers, competitors and other stakeholders. The structural ecosystem elements are united on the principles of economic, innovative and ecological coevolution. The ecosystem goal is the coordinated development of its participants through the integration of requirements, rights and responsibilities. The article reveals the conceptual foundations of ecosystems and determines the collaborative links between the participants. The comparative analysis of organizational models of activity is carried out. The evolution of views on the composition of business ecosystems, based on the work of domestic and foreign scientists, has been studied. The peculiarities of the main stages of the ecosystem life cycle are detailed. It is established, that the pacemaker is the central element of the ecosystem. The pacemaker can be presented in the form of project, innovative technology, platform or participant. Pacemaker is a trigger for the effective implementation of business processes, creating a coordinated cooperation between ecosystem participants. The conceptual ecosystem model is developed. The model is formed on the base of tripartite partnership between science, business and the state. It is substantiated that the ecosystem is a localized complex of enterprises, business processes, innovative projects and infrastructural formations. Vectors of ecosystem implementation are determined. The main vectors are: local industrial specialization, spatial economic agglomeration and regional development.
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"Modular growth and form of corals: a matter of metamers?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 313, no. 1159 (August 14, 1986): 115–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1986.0029.
Анотація:
Following a lead from botanists, this paper offers a re-interpretation of the morphology and growth of scleractinian, rugosan and tabulate corals in terms of iterated morphological units (modules), with an emphasis on the shape and organization of colonies. It presents a new theoretical basis for modules, a new descriptive framework for corals above the zooidal level, a review of practical applications and a comparison of coral modules with other kinds of organic iteration. Consideration of cloning is a prerequisite and leads to a revival of the hypothesis that colonies have arisen by arrested budding (clonoteny), where zooids are paedomorphic to varying degrees with respect to the primitive state of clonally produced, detached (clonoparous) individuals. A second hypothesis follows, that the mouth structure is universally homologous in all corals. R. Riedl’s work ( Order in living organisms . Chichester: John Wiley (1978)) on morphological organization and hierarchy can therefore be applied to corals to obtain a non-arbitrary theoretical basis for recognizing modules and distinguishing them from other kinds of repetition of parts. There are five criteria for modularity, four topological and one homological: (i) a modular structure is a three-dimensional tesselation; (ii) modules correspond to homogeneous units of hierarchical subdivision; (iii) an organism is modular if subdivision at the highest (or very high) level reveals homogeneous units; (iv) if homogeneous units occur in an unbroken series of subdivisions, they are all modules at their respective levels (hence modules of modules, that is, cormidia), and the finest unit is the fundamental module; (v) homogeneous units are those which are homologous with each other (homonoms). On this basis, and allowing for interzooidal connective structures, the fundamental module of corals is the zooid (not the polyp alone). Differences between zooids, as suggested by other authors, are of degree, not kind. Colony form can therefore be specified by using a scheme that starts with zooids, and is based on (i) organization (component morphology and modular arrangement), and (ii) shape, for every modular level present. The basis for higher level modules is reiterative, either homomodular, or heteromodular (subdivided into polymorphic or polystatic). Branching organization and branching shape should be distinguished, and either can occur at any modular level, or even not at all. Modules bring potentially greater precision to growth studies, statistically and topologically, either heuristically or to test hypotheses about fecundity, senescence, determinate growth, variation and inherited architecture. Higher level modularity has previously been largely ignored. Density banding, dye markers and computer modelling, ideally in combination, are likely to produce the most useful results in the near future, and should lead to advances in taxonomy and phylogenetics, in the understanding of the morphological consequences of the coral-zooxanthellae symbiosis, and in the inference of past conditions from fossil corals. In a wider phyletic context, zooidal ( = fundamental) modules are meristematic and broadly metameric, though it follows from R. B. Clark ( Zool. Jb . 103, 169-195(1980)) that this does not automatically signify a close phylogenetic relationship with annelids, or with any other metameric organisms. Coral ‘metamers’ are probably non-serial and clonal because the coral mode of life is usually vegetative. They exist at a higher organizational level than these other metamers. ‘ What is not identically repeated, we do not understand. ’ (Riedl 1978) ‘ The actinozooid is a living thing which knows no time of youthful vigour, no waxing to a period of adult life, no waning to senility — it knows no age — it practically knows no natural death . ’ (Wood-Jones 1907, 1910)