Дисертації з теми "Organisational adaptations"
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1
Lweya, Kennedy Bisani. "The implications of adaptations in organisational capacity and cultures for the provision of microfinance in Malawi." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553111.
Анотація:
This research study examined the implications of adaptations in organisational capacity and cultures of microfinance organisations (MFOs) in Malawi. It was conducted on the premise of three main turning points which impacted on the micro finance environment: ensuing macro-economic reforms following the adoption Structural Adjustment Programmes in 1981; political changes following the adoption of a multi-party democracy in 1993/94, and a new global paradigm shift towards commercialisation of microfinance. A case study approach was used to study three different types of MFOs: a Government owned company - the Malawi Rural Finance Company (MRFC) originally the Smallholder Agricultural Credit Administration (SACA), an NGO - FINCA Malawi and a member owned credit union - the Malawi Union of Savings and Credit Co-operatives (MUSCCO). Using the concept of the cultural web, the study analysed the paradigm shift towards commercialisation among the three case study MFOs and its impact on micro and small enterprises (MSEs). Changes in the macro-economic and political environment manifested by a competitive market and a pluralist political system triggered the dissolution of SACA due to its inefficiency, mismanagement and heavy politicisation. This led to the formation of MRFC. Whereas SACA pursued a 'welfarist' approach to financial service prOVISIon, MRFC adopted an 'institutionist' approach characterised by commercialisation of financial services. FINCA Malawi also pursued an 'institutionist' approach and continued to promote the "Village Banking" (VB) model. MUSCCO however, combined principles of both the 'welfarist' and 'institutionist' approaches. The study concludes with some learning points m the three MFOs' differential adaptations and commercialisation process: a government owned MFO shook off the image of its heavily politicised predecessor; an NGO operated as a "parallel" system to reach out to poor women, and a member owned MFO, coped with the changing environment by combining social and business principles. Therefore, provided there is a right balance, the culture of service and understanding of the poor, and banking can be complementary to each other for successful provision of microfinance services for the poor. However, the way this balance can be achieved may vary significantly according to the type of MFO and the context within which it is operating.
2
AUBOURG, NATHALIE. "Adaptation ou sélection par l'environnement ? : apports et limites de l'écologie des populations à la problématique du changement organisationnel." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN0589.
Анотація:
La problematique du changement organisationnel oppose traditionnellement la perspective de l'adaptation a celle de la selection naturelle. L'objectif de cette recherche est de decrire et de comprendre l'evolution de la population des negociants en cafe au havre entre 1920 et 1954 a partir d'un courant theorique issu de l'ecologie des populations. Cet objectif peut etre resume par la question suivante : l'evolution de la population est-elle le resultat d'un processus de selection ou d'adaptation? en mettant en evidence deux groupes d'entreprises, les entreprises coloniales et les entreprises non coloniales, nos resultats donnent des elements plutot en faveur de la these de l'adaptation des organisations a leur environnement qu'a celle de la selection par l'environnement. D'autre part, nos resultats soulignent les apports et les limites de l'ecologie des populations et montrent le poids des facteurs d'environnement sur les strategies des negociants-importateurs de cafes.
3
Rodrigues, de Carvalho de Sousa Vasconcelos Ana Cristina. "Defining discourses : discourse and the organisational adaptation of information systems." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2005. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20473/.
Анотація:
The focus of this thesis is on the constitutive role of discourse in the organisational adaptation of information systems, an important aspect, although not often explored and relatively neglected in the literature, of the information systems development process and, beyond that, of the role of information systems in organisations within a constructivist and dialogical perspective. The thesis explores the dual aspect of how, on one hand, professional discourses define 'worldviews' over information systems and their organisational adaptation and, on the other hand, the premises around which these discourses are constructed and deployed, both in the literature and through an inductive and qualitative case study, based upon Grounded Theory principles. It analyses how different professional discourses explored tensions in the management of the information environment articulated around three major categories of issues, which acted as interpretative repertoires and discursive resources: i) representations of the information environment, expressed through the tension between information centripetalism and information centrifugalism; ii) models of information management approaches, expressed through the tension between a focus on process and a focus on meanings; iii) and, underlying the previous elements, assumptions about the nature and complexity of the environment, strategies for dealing with uncertainty and correlated models of learning and sense-making. These different categories of issues embody different tensions between forces that, it is argued, shaped the particular context of the University environment. In negotiated interaction contexts, different actors made claims to power by exploring different discursive practices leading to the organisational adaptation of information systems. But, while making use of these discursive resources, different actors also established contacts between forces and, agentically shaped different realities, forming new organisational identities and, in doing so, acted as a vehicle for the social re-shaping and adaptation of the organisational role of information systems.
4
Taylor, Anna. "Urban climate adaptation as a process of organisational decision making." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27554.
Анотація:
In a world that is increasingly urbanised, cities are recognised as critical sites for tackling problems of climate change, both by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the impacts of changing climate conditions. Unlike climate change mitigation, adaptation does not have one clear, commonly agreed collective goal. Governing and making decisions on climate adaptation in cities entails contestation over knowledge, values and preferences. Currently, the two dominant conceptualisations of adaptation are as cycles or pathways. Do these models adequately theorise what can be empirically observed in cities as to how climate adaptation is undertaken? Most research on urban climate adaptation emanates from the Global North, where political, scientific, economic and administrative systems are well established and well resourced. There is a dearth of empirical research from cities of the Global South contributing to the development of urban climate adaptation theory. This thesis contributes to addressing this gap in two ways. Firstly, by drawing on both conceptual and methodological resources from the field of organisational studies, notably the streams and rounds models of decision making, organisational ethnography and processual case research. Secondly, by conducting empirical case study research on three processes of city scale climate adaptation in Cape Town, South Africa, a growing city facing many development challenges where the local government began addressing climate adaptation over ten years ago. The three adaptation processes studied are: the preparation and adoption of city-wide sectoral climate adaptation plans; the creation of a City Development Strategy with climate resilience as a core goal; and the inclusion of climate change projections into stormwater masterplans. Data were gathered through interviews, participant observation, focus groups and document review, through embedded research within a formal knowledge co-production partnership between the University of Cape Town and the City of Cape Town government. Processual analysis and applied thematic analysis were used to test models of adaptation and decision making against data from the three case studies. The findings suggest that both the cycles and pathways models of climate adaptation inadequately represent the contested and contingent nature of decision making that prevail within the governance systems of cities such as Cape Town. Based on ethnographic knowledge of how Cape Town's local government undertakes climate adaptation, it is argued that the rounds model of decision making provides conceptual tools to better understand and represent how the process of climate adaptation in cities is undertaken; tools that can be used to enhance the pathways model. The study concludes that progress in adapting cities to a changing climate is currently constrained by both the problems and potential solutions or interventions being too technical for most politicians to deal with and prioritize and too political for most technical and administrative officials to design and implement. It calls for urban climate adaptation to be understood as distributed across a multitude of actors pursuing concurrent, discontinuous processes, and thereby focus needs to be on fostering collaboration and coordination, rather than fixating on single actors, policies, plans or projects.
5
Денисенко, Павло Анатолійович, Павел Анатольевич Денисенко, and Pavlo Anatoliiovych Denysenko. "Optimisation of organisation structure as an adaptation mechanism." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8254.
Анотація:
In the situation of transition economy one of the biggest problem is adaptation of firm activity to new forms and rules of business-making. It can be achieved by restructuring of organization system of management as a mechanism of changes implementation. Organizational forms of management in the conditions of vagueness of market and instability of external environment are expected to be characterized by the high degree of adaptability to the external environment and strengthening of role of operative management. It generates a tendency of restructuring to more decentralized and flexible structures in which particular employee gets larger responsibility, but at the same time rights to use assets and of personnel management are broadened out.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8254
6
Wright, M. "Divestment, disintegration, organisational adaptation and control : Evidence from management buy-outs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373628.
7
Furneaux, Craig. "Variations on a routine : how selection-adaptation-retention dynamics create variety in organisational routines." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/52838/1/Craig_Furneaux_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
The question "what causes variety in organisational routines" is of considerable interest to organisational scholars, and one to which this thesis seeks to answer. To this end an evolutionary theory of change is advanced which holds that the dynamics of selection, adaptation and retention explain the creation of variety in organisational routines. A longitudinal, multi-level, multi-case analysis is undertaken in this thesis, using multiple data collection strategies. In each case, different types of variety were identified, according to a typology, together with how selection, adaptation and retention contribute to variety in a positive or negative sense. Methodologically, the thesis makes a contribution to our understanding of variety, as certain types of variety only become evident when examined by specific types of research design. The research also makes a theoretical contribution by explaining how selection, adaptation and retention individually and collectively contribute to variety in organisational routines. Moreover, showing that routines could be stable, diverse, adaptive and dynamic at the same time; is a significant, and novel, theoretical contribution.
8
Dada, Rehana. "Transformation adaptation: developing a framework for donor organisation support of climate change adaptation in resource poor communities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4158.
Анотація:
Poor communities already face severe challenges in meeting their basic needs, whether because of poor income opportunities, inadequate service delivery, or degraded ecosystems that can no longer support the needs of people. Non profit organisations who provide support for development are also challenged by financial restrictions and social and political structures that prevent or limit project development. Climate change is understood to have the most severe impact on the most vulnerable communities and sectors of communities by reducing the availability and accessibility of basic resources such as water, food and energy, impacting severely on human health and wellbeing, and further reducing the capacity of ecosystems to support livelihoods. This will add a layer of significant new complications to the ability of poor communities to maintain or improve standards of living, and further challenge non profit organisations that support such communitiesAnticipatory adaptation to climate change can reduce some of the impacts of climate change, and also address some key development stresses. This thesis aims to provide a framework that is relevant for supporting adaptation to climate change within the context of resource poor communities in a developing country. Non profit organisations and donor agencies could support success and autonomy in adaptation processes by making provision for locally defined understanding of adaptation, and locally determined processes and programmes. This can be taken further into implementation of programming that addresses local short term development priorities alongside, or as part of long term adaptation work. The research followed a number of steps involving a multitude of techniques including literature review, interviews, a survey, consultation with an expert group, further consultation with stakeholders, and a final electronic review. Its outcome is a strategy that can be used to support climate change adaptation in resource poor communities. A definition for adaptation is proposed as an interpretation of adaptation that is relevant in this context. The intended end goal of adaptation as defined in this research is a better form of development that : supports a harmonious and respectful relationship between humans and their natural resource base; averts further destructive global change or at the very least prevents it from becoming unmanageable; and manages the impacts of past and ongoing destructive change so that there is lowest possible loss of natural, human, or cultural resources. The term transformative adaptation emerged from the research processes to describe adaptation to climate change that concurrently addresses development challenges, is grounded in community development aspirations, integrates programming work across multiple thematic areas and approaches, and addresses the causes of climate change within adaptation interventions. The following broad guidelines are used to inform programming within the framework of transformative adaptation : Human communities are faced with an enormous challenge resulting from global change and sociopolitical injustices; Well planned anticipatory adaptation can limit exposure and vulnerability to at least some of the projected impacts of climate change; Adaptation to climate change incorporates a reduction of vulnerability to underlying development stresses, alongside a reduction of vulnerability to specific climate change stresses; Existing development work forms the foundation for adaptation interventions, acknowledging the interdependence of social, natural and economic systems and the need to maintain their health; Adaptation decision making is community based, and acknowledges that resource poor communities are best placed to establish their own development needs, drive implementation of interventions in own spaces, and identify own limits to adaptation; Adaptation work incorporates mitigation objectives so that the causes of climate change are addressed as part of the strategy for coping with climate change; Adaptation programming acknowledges the strong interlinkages between, and integrates work across, the thematic areas of water security, food sovereignty, energy security, land security, human wellbeing and livelihood diversity; Adaptation uses a broad set of approaches that spans research, knowledge sharing, advocacy, and investment in technology and infrastructure; There is flexibility in project design and implementation to allow room for experimentation with new concepts, and also to change design as knowledge, understanding, and geophysical, biophysical and sociopolitical conditions change.
9
Kantor, Linda Sara. "Mindfulness training for individuals in organisations: application, adaptation and perceived value." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30155.
Анотація:
Recently, mindfulness training has garnered increasing interest from organizational practitioners and scholars. This research explores participants’ applications, experiences, and perceived impact of mindfulness for those who have undergone training outside of the workspace. Kabat-Zinn’s approach to Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) underpins and informs this research. I conducted semi-structured interviews with 53 participants working in a variety of organisational contexts. Participants had trained in one of three different MBIs: an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Programme (MBSR), a two-year Mindful Leadership Programme as part of an Executive MBA programme, or a two-year Mindfulness Certification for professionals. Using an interpretive phenomenological approach and thematic analysis, I explored ways in which participants applied and shared mindfulness practice at work and home. I present the results in the form of an inductive model of mindfulness in the workplace. I distinguish some key individual meta-capacities (awareness of the wandering mind, embodiment, equanimity and kindness) and capacities developed (resilience, sense-of-self, multiple perspectives and possibility). I highlight how mindfulness enhanced the ability to work with difficult emotions, thoughts and sensations, opening participants up to new modes of relationship and new framings of productivity and power in the workplace. The transformation in the areas of productivity, power and relationality, could be tied in with the Buddhist concept of three poisons; greed (excessive productivity), hatred (competitive and aggressive workplace behaviours) and delusion (use and abuse of power at work). Mindfulness provides an antidote. The voices of participants highlight the intra and interpersonal effects and the potential and challenges of mindfulness practice in organisational contexts. This research offers some hopeful data and a deeper understanding of the potential of mindfulness training as a modality for transformation in the workplace. It offers this at a time where some critics question whether the use of mindfulness to improve work-life might lead to dilution and misappropriation of the practice. The model developed in this study contributes to Positive Organisational Scholarship (POS) literature and provides a map of how mindfulness might be of value in the workplace in the service of wisdom and compassion.
10
Keith, Daniel James. "Party organisation and party adaptation : Western European communist and successor parties." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6897/.
Анотація:
This study examines the development of Western European Communist parties (WECPs) and their post-Communist successor parties. These parties had always adapted in surprising ways as they struggled in political systems that they sought to overthrow. Following the collapse of Communism in 1989 in central and Eastern Europe (CEE) they continued to amaze. Some reformed themselves dramatically, sacrificing or transforming their policies in search of office and votes. A number of them moved into mainstream politics and became more influential as other parties brought them into governing coalitions or they expanded at elections. Several WECPs disappeared but others resisted compromising their orthodox Marxism- Leninism. These hard-line Stalinist parties managed to remain significant players in their party systems. This in-depth study analyses the reasons behind the divergent trajectories of five WECPs and their post-Communist successor parties in the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland and Portugal. It does this by importing and refining an analytical framework developed to explain the diverse adaptation of Communist parties in CEE. Extensive primary research based on elite interviews and the analysis of party programmes is used to evaluate the framework's usefulness and its implications for studying the trajectories of Communist parties in Western Europe (and beyond). There are two main empirical findings from this research. First, it was elites with experience in working with groups and institutions outside their parties that led efforts to reform WECPs, just as in CEE successor parties. Second, mid-level elites in WECPs were not necessarily hardliners bent on resisting reform. Their leaders could be extremely effective in advocating reforms and convincing members into supporting them, meaning that organisational democratisation could be compatible with reform. This meant that organisational centralisation was not as necessary as it was in the successor parties in CEE. Moreover, reformist party leaders had not, like their counterparts in CEE, learnt to be centralisers through past struggles over reform. When party leaders did pursue elitist strategies to promote programmatic transformation this usually took place through shifting power to the party in public office rather than central office.
11
Mariage, Jean-Jacques. "De l'auto-organisation vers l'auto-observation." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081990.
Анотація:
Nous tentons de réaliser un système d'apprentissage adaptatif basé sur une évolution néo-darwinienne des unités neuronales. Nous considérons les réseaux de neurones comme des processus complexes. L'idée principale est d'utiliser un réseau de neurones incrémental compétitif qui apprenne à régler les paramètres d'apprentissage d'autres modèles de réseaux. Nous utilisons une procédure d'apprentissage duale entre des modèles classiques non supervisés (SOM, ART, NeoCognitron,. . . ) et le système. Nous le laissons regarder comment les autres réseaux de neurones apprennent. Il reçoit leurs paramètres d'apprentissage comme vecteurs de contexte. Les données associées à ce contexte sont des mesures de l'organisation des modèles. Le système a une structure arborescente. . .
12
DELAYE, CLAUDE. "Structures et organisations des systemes multi-agents autonomes et adaptatifs." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066538.
Анотація:
Le but de cette these est l'etude et la conception de systemes multi-agents autonomes auto-organises. Elle comprend donc une introduction aux concepts cles que sont l'emergence, l'adaptation et l'autonomie dans le contexte des organismes artificiels. La premiere partie concerne les capacites individuelles de l'agent, tout d'abord sa faculte a creer sa propre distinction par rapport a son environnement, puis les choix d'implementation concernant ses structures de perception, d'action et de deliberation. Une implementation modulaire de l'agent est proposee afin de permettre la generation de nouvelles formes d'agents par juxtaposition d'elements simples. Plusieurs solutions permettant d'implementer une architecture comportementale adaptative sont presentees: le modele des classifieurs, les systemes a regles de production et la programmation genetique. La seconde partie s'interesse aux interactions entre agents et en premier lieu comment on peut donner un sens purement utilitariste a la notion de cooperation. En donnant aux agents la possibilite de se dupliquer et de disparaitre, il est possible de concevoir les systemes multi-agents dans une perspective ecologique. Cette perspective permet de passer a la metaphore de l'ecosysteme appliquee a la resolution de problemes. La troisieme partie ajoute aux agents la possibilite d'interagir par des mecanismes phenotypiques afin d'obtenir des structures d'agents plus complexes allant jusqu'a la formation de super-agents. Une implementation de ces mecanismes est presentee sous forme d'agents membranaires. La quatrieme partie est consacree a la possibilite d'associer a chaque agent un code genetique et d'utiliser differents types de reproductions: darwinienne, lamarckienne ou mixte. Il est egalement possible de structurer le code genetique afin de faire emerger de nouvelles formes d'agents. Une implementation de la reproduction des organisations complexes utilisant un code genetique est alors presentee
13
Kaddoum, Elsy. "Optimisation sous contraintes de problèmes distribués par auto-organisation coopérative." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1374/.
Анотація:
Quotidiennement, divers problèmes d'optimisation : minimiser un coût de production, optimiser le parcours d'un véhicule, etc sont à résoudre. Ces problèmes se caractérisent par un degré élevé de complexité dû à l'hétérogénéité et la diversité des acteurs en jeu, à la masse importante des données ainsi qu'à la dynamique des environnements dans lesquels ils sont plongés. Face à la complexité croissante de ces applications, les approches de résolution classiques ont montré leurs limites. Depuis quelques années, la communauté scientifique s'intéresse aux développements de nouvelles solutions basées sur la distribution du calcul et la décentralisation du contrôle plus adaptées à ce genre de problème. La théorie des AMAS (Adaptive Multi-Agents Systems) propose le développement de solutions utilisant des systèmes multi-agents auto-adaptatifs par auto-organisation coopérative. Cette théorie a montré son adéquation pour la résolution de problèmes complexes et dynamiques, mais son application reste à un niveau d'abstraction assez élevé. L'objectif de ce travail est de spécialiser cette théorie pour la résolution de ce genre de problèmes. Ainsi, son utilisation en sera facilitée. Pour cela, le modèle d'agents AMAS4Opt avec des comportements et des interactions coopératifs et locaux a été défini. La validation s'est effectuée sur deux problèmes clés d'optimisation : le contrôle manufacturier et la conception de produit complexe. De plus, afin de montrer la robustesse et l'adéquation des solutions développées, un ensemble de critères d'évaluation permettant de souligner les points forts et faibles des systèmes adaptatifs et de les comparer à des systèmes existants a été définiWe solve problems and make decisions all day long. Some problems and decisions are very challenging: What is the best itinerary to deliver orders given the weather, the traffic and the hour? How to improve product manufacturing performances? etc. Problems that are characterized by a high level of complexity due to the heterogeneity and diversity of the participating actors, to the increasing volume of manipulated data and to the dynamics of the applications environments. Classical solving approaches have shown their limits to cope with this growing complexity. For the last several years, the scientific community has been interested in the development of new solutions based on computation distribution and control decentralization. The AMAS (Adaptive Multi-Agent-Systems) theory proposes to build solutions based on self-adaptive multi-agent systems using cooperative self-organization. This theory has shown its adequacy to solve different complex and dynamic problems, but remains at a high abstraction level. This work proposes a specialization of this theory for complex optimization problem solving under constraints. Thus, the usage of this theory is made accessible to different non-AMAS experts' engineers. Thus, the AMAS4Opt agent model with cooperative, local and generic behaviours and interactions has been defined. This model is validated on two well-known optimization problems: scheduling in manufacturing control and complex product design. Finally, in order to show the robustness and adequacy of the developed solutions, a set of evaluation criteria is proposed to underline the advantages and limits of adaptive systems and to compare them with already existing systems
14
Dahlmann, Frederik. "Between inertia and adaptation : state and evolution of corporate environmental strategy." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512335.
Анотація:
Companies in the 21st century are exposed to a variety of pressures to respond to a plethora of environmental issues. Understanding how these issues impact companies over time is, therefore, important for corporate practitioners and policy makers alike. This thesis investigates the state and evolution of corporate environmental strategy with the help of a multi-study, longitudinal research design. Theoretically grounded in complexity theory, a conceptual framework is developed that portrays organisations as open systems within which agents interact and attempt to improve organisational fitness. By conceptualising the organisational metaphor of ‘rugged fitness landscapes’, firms are depicted as complex adaptive systems searching for peaks on a constantly changing fitness landscape in order to guarantee economic long-term profit and survival. While study one examines environmental responses among a stratified sample of UK companies through repeated interviews both in 2006 and 2008, the second study draws on KLD data from S&P500 corporations for the period 1991 to 2006 by distinguishing between changes at firm and at population level. The findings suggest that the state and evolution of corporate environmental strategy are effectively subordinated to contributing towards firms’ fitness, whereby firms mostly attempt to remain profitable and obtain social legitimacy. Even over longer periods of time this behaviour has not changed markedly, except that starting from around 2004 higher levels of oil prices and lower interest rates have spurred more proactive environmental changes among a number of firms. Equally, different motivations, individuals and contextual factors appear to influence the varying patterns of evolution. The thesis fills a gap in the existing literature with respect to the lack of conceptual and empirical contributions about the evolution of corporate environmental strategy by providing new insights into how firms are responding to environmental issues over time and by extending various strands of theory.
15
Maître, d'Hôtel Elodie. "Participation et adaptation des organisations au changement institutionnel : les organisations agricoles au Costa Rica face aux politiques de libéralisation." Montpellier, ENSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0038.
Анотація:
La thèse se positionne par rapport aux débats portant sur la place des producteurs agricoles dans le contexte des politiques de libéralisation, et se propose de réfléchir plus particulièrement au rôle des organisations. L’approche théorique mobilisée est celle du changement institutionnel, qui ouvre de façon large le spectre de l’économie, par la prise en compte des concepts de modèles mentaux et de dépendance au sentier notamment. Un travail long d’enquêtes, mené auprès d’organisations agricoles intervenant au sein de quatre filières agricoles au Costa Rica (café, lait, haricot et ananas) a permis la réalisation de notre recherche. Les données recueillies ont été analysées au travers de descriptions analytiques (trajectoires et comportements stratégiques des organisations), d’analyses textuelles (modèles mentaux des organisations) et de modélisations compréhensives du comportement. Nous montrons que les organisations peuvent contribuer efficacement au maintien ou à l’insertion des producteurs agricoles sur des marchés dynamiques, au travers des deux principaux leviers d’action que constituent la participation aux processus d’élaboration des politiques et la commercialisation de produits agricoles (transformés ou non). La réussite des organisations, s’inscrit toutefois dans une logique de dépendance au sentier, et dépend notamment de leurs modèles mentaux. Notre thèse plaide ainsi pour une intégration accrue des phénomènes historiques et cognitifs dans l’analyse économique, garante d’une meilleure compréhension de la complexité des phénomènes observés de manière contemporaine.
16
Kleiner, Thibaut. "Organisational adaptation in an integrating Europe : the case of French asset management industry, 1984-1999." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1642/.
Анотація:
This thesis contributes to institutional theories about European business systems through the analysis of one case study: the French asset management industry in the period 1984-1999. It asks how firms in a given business system adapt to changes in their economic and societal environment. The thesis declines the usual focus on issues of convergence and divergence, and suggests investigating organisational adaptation as a key dynamic process within business systems, and it develops a theoretical framework for this purpose. It presents the French model of asset management in the mid-1980s and contrasts it with the Anglo-Saxon model. It then shows that by 1999 French firms had for the most part adopted the dominant patterns of the Anglo-Saxon model. It then explains that if companies can stimulate the constitution of a new organisational field operating with different rules and institutional arrangements, they can depart from the dominant patterns and behaviours of their national environment. In this process, such institutional agents as regulators, professionals, market leaders and consultants, and such calculation tools as performance measurement, benchmark, rating and invitations to tender play a key part in establishing the new rules. Instead of focusing on convergence or on persisting diversities among national business systems, the thesis suggests further investigating the constitution of trans-national entities.
17
Mercer, Simon. "An analysis of organisational adaptation to climate change : the case of the Bardiya National Park." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/56851/.
Анотація:
This research is concerned with understanding how the management authority of the Bardiya National Park (the BNPMA) is able to adapt to the pressures of increasing climate variability and change. To that end, this study employs a mixed-methods case study approach to elucidate the key drivers of change facing the BNPMA, the processes through which the organisation adapts to these challenges, and the factors that enable and constrain action. In doing so it intends to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential future effectiveness of adaptation interventions. Analysis of local weather data, in conjunction with data obtained from village level surveys, highlights a number of climatic trends which, along with related environmental changes are shown to have an important role in driving change within the BNPMA. A range of anthropogenic drivers are also shown to be relevant. The factors enabling and constraining the BNPMA’s ability to respond to these identified drivers of change are subsequently examined through the analysis of data obtained from Likert questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and field observations. Organisational systems, culture, internal resources and the process of knowledge generation and sharing are all found to play a pivotal role in determining the capacity of the BNPMA to respond to its drivers of change. The final analytical section of this thesis uses three examples to evaluate the learning processes through which the BNPMA operationalises its adaptive capacity and mobilises it as adaptive management interventions. Drawing on the results of semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, official park documents, and fieldwork observations, three distinct types of learning are identified within the organisation. In conclusion, this study argues that learning plays a key role in adaptive management approaches to conservation and in operationalising organisational adaptive capacity, enabling the BNPMA to effectively respond to new challenges. However, further research is needed to assess the wider applicability of the drivers of change highlighted in this study, within Nepal and beyond, as well as the interplay of components of adaptive capacity in conservation organisations and the learning processes through which this capacity is mobilised.
18
Barbier, Antoine. "Analyse de la complexité institutionnelle de la collaboration public-privé au sein des projets d'équipements ludo-sportifs : le cas des concessions de travaux de centres aquatiques français." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR003.
Анотація:
En France, 83% du parc d’équipements sportifs appartient aux collectivités qui doivent en financer le renouvellement et l’adaptation à de nouvelles pratiques ludiques et hygiéniques, dans un contexte de contrainte budgétaire croissante. En conséquence, elles ont développé des collaborations avec le secteur privé qui ont récemment pris la forme des concessions de travaux, permettant de déléguer à un groupement d’entreprises privées une mission globale (financement, conception, construction et exploitation-maintenance). Cette forme de contractualisation redéfinit le positionnement et les stratégies des différents acteurs au sein des projets d’équipements sportifs. Dès lors, la problématique de cette thèse consiste à analyser les modalités de collaboration public-privé dans le cadre de projets de concession de travaux d’équipements sportifs. Cette question sera en particulier étudiée dans le cadre des projets de concession de centres aquatiques, à partir du concept de logiques institutionnelles (Thornton et al., 2012). Pour cela, cinq projets de centres aquatiques français ont été investigués à partir de 31 entretiens semi-directifs complétés par un corpus documentaire pour chaque cas (n = 378).Ce travail met en avant le besoin de compétences spécifiques sur les projets, dont la gestion doit s’inscrire dans une démarche plus large de management de projet. Les résultats permettent également de questionner la notion de risque économique ainsi que la place du service public au sein de ces équipements hybrides (Richet et al., 2009), tout en relativisant l’efficience permise par la globalisation des missions au sein d’un même contratIn France, 83% of sports facilities are owned by local authorities, which must finance their renovation and adaptation to new leisure and health practices, in a context of growing budget constraints. As a result, they have developed collaborations with the private sector, which have recently taken the form of works concessions, whereby a consortium of private companies is delegated a global mission (financing, design, construction and operation-maintenance). This form of contractualisation redefines positions and strategies for the stakeholders involved in sports facilities projects. The aim of this thesis is therefore to analyse public-private collaboration in the context of sports facilities concession projects. This issue will be studied in particular in the context of aquatic centres concession projects, based on the concept of institutional logics (Thornton et al., 2012). Five French aquatic centre projects were investigated based on 31 semi-structured interviews supplemented by a corpus of documents for each case (n = 378).This research highlights the need for specific project skills, which must be managed as part of a broader project management approach. The results also raise questions about the notion of economic risk and the place of public service within these hybrid facilities (Richet et al., 2009), while putting into perspective the efficiency allowed by the globalisation of missions within a single contract
19
Khan, Shireen. "Marketing mix strategy adaptation: a retail organisation's response to the global economic downturn." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1374.
Анотація:
Dissertation(MTech( Marketing))-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011The global economic downturn of 2008 spread around the world and few business sectors remained unaffected. While organisations in some sectors were forced to close down or lay off employees, organisations in the retail sector mainly had to adapt to consumer’s preferences, which change in times of economic downturn. The purpose of this research was therefore to examine how one of the most prominent retailers in South Africa adapted their marketing mix strategies to changing consumer buying behaviour during the economic downturn.The research applied a qualitative approach and a case study methodology as its research design. An interview guide was designed for the in-depth face-to-face interviews. Additional data was collected from annual reports, various articles and the retailer’s websites.Decreased spending by consumers was one of the main consequences of the economic downturn. Throughout the economic downturn the retailer found it increasingly difficult to attract consumers to its stores, which prompted changes to retain and attract consumers. Therefore the main challenge for the retailer was to alter consumers’ perception that it was an expensive store to a value for money store, without compromising its quality proposition. The study found that the retailer did indeed adapt its marketing mix strategy extensively in response to the global economic downturn. The retailer recognised a change in their consumers’ buying behaviour and made responsive changes to their marketing strategies.This research can be useful to academics and practitioners highlighting the importance of adapting the marketing strategy to the changing environment to consolidate or even improve a retailer’s position in the market. The research can also be used by organisations in a similar situation facing an economic downturn. Even though these findings cannot be statistically generalised to a population, the findings can be used in similar situations or for theoretical generalisations, depending on homogeneity.
20
Boukhedouma, Saïda. "Adaptation et restructuration de modèles de processus workflow dans un contexte inter-organisationnel." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2103.
Анотація:
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine de la coopération B2B, particulièrement la coopération planifiée supportée par les concepts et les outils de WorkFlow Inter-Organisationnel (WFIO). Un ensemble de schémas de coopération identifiés dans la littérature constituent notre point de départ dans ce travail de thèse. Ceux-ci définissent différents modes de partitionnement, de contrôle d'exécution et d'interaction pour l'interconnexion de processus WF issus de différentes organisations. Néanmoins, leur inconvénient majeur est leur rigidité et donc la difficulté d'adapter les modèles de processus WFIO supportés. De ce fait, nous nous sommes focalisés sur deux problématiques étroitement liées : (i) la définition de nouveaux schémas de coopération équivalents à ceux proposés dans la littérature avec un degré de flexibilité supplémentaire, visant à supporter aisément les changements sur les modèles de WFIO, (ii) la prise en charge de différents aspects de flexibilité de ces modèles. Pour répondre à la première problématique, nous avons proposé une démarche de restructuration et d'interconnexion de modèles de WF basée sur le paradigme SOA (Architecture Orientée Service); nous avons introduit un nouveau concept appelé Patron de Coopération à Base de Services (PCBS) permettant de caractériser un modèle de WFIO selon trois dimensions principales. Quant à la flexibilité des modèles de WFIO obéissant aux nouveaux patrons de coopération définis, nous la percevons sous trois aspects complémentaires : adaptabilité, évolutivité et réutilisabilité. A cet effet, nous avons proposé et formalisé à l'aide d'opérateurs dédiés, un ensemble de patrons d'adaptation. Pour les aspects d'évolution et de réutilisation de modèles, nous avons introduit les concepts de patron de coopération généralisé et patron de coopération composite qui décrivent un aspect de réutilisation des modèles de WFIO, pour la construction de nouveaux modèles de WFIO plus complexesThe work presented in this thesis is integrated in the area of B2B cooperation, particularly in the area of planed cooperation supported by the concepts and tools of Inter-Organizational WorkFlow (IOWF). A set of cooperation schemas identified in the litterature constitute the starting point of our work in this thesis, because they express different partinoning, interaction and control modes. However, in their initial form, these architectures suffer from rigidity and the difficulty to adapt business processes to changes. From that, we focus on two issues closely linked to each other: (i) the definition of new cooperation schemas which are equivalent to ones initially defined, but with an additional degree of flexibility to easily support changes on the IOWF process models. (ii) The support of different aspects of flexibility on the IOWF models newly defined. For the first issue, we have proposed a process of restructuring and interconnecting WF models based on the SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) paradigm; we have introduced a new concept called Service Based Cooperation Pattern (SBCP) that characterizes a given IOWF architecture through three main dimensions. Regarding the second issue of our work which is the flexibility support of IOWF models obeying to the SBCP proposed, that we define by three complementary aspects: adaptability, evolutivity and reusability, we have proposed and formalized a set of adaptation patterns. For evolution and reuse aspects, we have introduced the concepts of generalized cooperation patterns and composite cooperation patterns which define a manner to build more complex IOWF models by reusing existing ones
21
Frost, Yvonne Rosalind Jane. "A study of the contribution of outsourcing of services to adaptation in organisations." Thesis, Henley Business School, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320215.
22
Sempé, François. "Auto-organisation d'une collectivité de robots : application à l'activité de patrouille en présence de perturbations." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066496.
23
Shen, Hiu Lam, and Ying Zhang. "An Exploratory Study of Organisational Adaptation to Agile Project Management : An Investigation of IT Industry in China." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-39982.
24
Onanga, Ndjila Blanchard. "Barack Obama et les organisations de lutte pour les droits civiques : héritages, tensions, adaptations (2004-2010)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990183.
Анотація:
La présente étude examine comment les organisations de lutte pour les droits civiques que sont la Rainbow Push Coalition, la NAACP et la National Urban League ont contribué à l'élection du 44e président des États-Unis, Barack Obama. Elle établit dans un premier temps comment la participation du Révérend Jesse Jackson aux élections de 1984 et 1988 a contribué à l'émergence du processus démocratique à l'origine de l'élection de Barack Obama, premier président américain issu de la communauté africaine américaine. Dans un second temps, elle met en évidence comment l'action transformative du mouvement des droits civiques ayant conduit à la promulgation du Voting Rights Act de 1965 par le président Lyndon B. Johnson, sous l'impulsion du Dr Martin Luther King, mais aussi de Roy Wilkins et Whitney Young contribua à l'élection de Barack Obama en 2008. En analysant la participation de Jesse Jackson aux élections présidentielles américaines, notre objectif est de montrer comment il est parvenu à faire changer les règles de nomination des candidats issus des minorités au sein du parti démocrate. Elle a permis de montrer comment Obama en fut le bénéficiaire en devenant d'abord le nominé du parti démocrate, puis le président des États-Unis. D'où notre analyse du processus électoral de 2008. L'étude fait ainsi un tour d'horizon des désaccords qui ont surgi lors de l'élection présidentielle de 2008, entre Hillary Clinton et Barack Obama d'une part, puis entre ce dernier et John McCain d'autre part. Elle examine, par ailleurs, dans une perspective sociologique, les conflits qui se sont succédés au sein de la communauté africaine américaine, notamment entre certains dirigeants africains américains et Obama avant et pendant l'élection présidentielle de 2008, relatifs aux valeurs familiales, à l'incident racial des "Six de Jena" ou encore à la participation de Barack Obama à l'élection présidentielle. La question relative à la notion d'une Amérique post-raciale qui se présenta suite à l'élection d'Obama sera également abordée. Elle démontre comment son élection n'a malheureusement pas pu changer les mentalités des Américains au sujet de la question raciale de manière radicale et combien le racisme demeure une question fondamentale, majeure aux États-Unis au 21e siècle. Enfin, l'étude examine la collaboration post-électorale entre les organisations de lutte pour les droits civiques et l'administration Obama.
25
Lorz, Alexander. "Adaptierbare und adaptive Fragebögen für virtuelle Organisationen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-61743.
Анотація:
Die vorliegende Dissertation präsentiert neue wissenschaftliche Konzepte und Lösungen zur Erstellung, Durchführung und Auswertung von Befragungen, die sich einfacher an unterschiedliche Nutzungsszenarien anpassen lassen und für den Einsatz in virtuellen Organisationen besser geeignet sind als herkömmliche Online-Befragungen. Die dabei berücksichtigten Adaptionsaspekte umfassen Inhalt und Umfang der Befragung, die Umsetzung in unterschiedliche Präsentationsmedien, -formate und Befragungsmodi sowie das adaptive Verhalten während der Interaktion.
Eine wesentliche Grundlage bildet die inhaltsorientierte Beschreibung adaptiver und adaptierbarer Befragungen durch die hier vorgeschlagene deklarative Beschreibungssprache AXSML. Diese berücksichtigt insbesondere die Wechselwirkungen der unterschiedlichen Adaptionsaspekte in Verbindung mit der Forderung nach einer medien- und modusübergreifenden Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse multimodaler Befragungen. Für diese Beschreibungssprache werden Transformationsregeln vorgestellt, die eine adäquate Umsetzung einer Befragung in verschiedene Präsentationsmedien und Befragungsformen ermöglichen. Eine damit einhergehende inhaltliche Anpassung an das Einsatzszenario erfolgt automatisiert und erfordert keine speziellen Fachkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet des Befragungsdesigns. Die Auswertung der Befragungsrückläufe wird ebenfalls deklarativ beschrieben, berücksichtigt adaptionsbedingte Fehlwerte und erlaubt die Nutzung verschiedenster Berechnungsmodelle zur Aggregation der Rücklaufdaten.
Da Erstellung und Wartung adaptiver und adaptierbarer Befragungen sehr komplex sind, werden Konzepte und Lösungen zur Unterstützung des Autorenprozesses vorgestellt, die den notwendigen Aufwand reduzieren. Um die gleichzeitige Durchführung einer großen Zahl von Untersuchungen in vielen unterschiedlichen Teams und die Anpassung der Befragung durch Nicht-Fachexperten zu gewährleisten, wurde eine IT-Stützung des Befragungsprozesses konzipiert und umgesetzt, welche den Anforderungen an die organisatorische Einbindung der Befragung in virtuellen Unternehmen gerecht wird.
26
Cherif, Mohamed-Jallel. "Adaptation des payes arabes à uine nouvelle donne pétrolière." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090038.
Анотація:
La contribution du pétrole dans la croissance économique des pays arabes est relativement considérable, mais l'état actuel des ventes et des réserves en hydrocarbures de certains pays de l'O. P. A. E. P paraissent atteindre un certain plafond physique. La nécessite d'une répartition rapide de revenus pétroliers par le biais d'une industrialisation accélérée se justifie par le fait de cette nouvelle donne pétrolière. L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude de la dynamique des ressources pétrolières en relation avec celle de l'activité économique. Dans cette étude, nous avons tenté de traiter les trois thèmes suivants : - évolution des différentes sources d'énergies - valorisation industrielle des hydrocarbures - conséquences macro-économiques de l'emprise du pétrole et stratégies post-pétrolières. Ce sont donc ces trois points qui ont été abordes dans cette thèseThe contribution of oil in the economic growth of arab countries is relatively considerable, but the actual condition of sales and reserves of hydrocarbon of certain countries in the O. A. P. E. C. C appears to be reaching an unquestionable high level. The need for a rapid distribution of oil revenues through accelerated industrialization justifies itself in point of fact concerning this new oil deal. The object of thesis is the study of the dynamics of oil reserves in relation to that of economic activity. In this research we have attempted to deal with the following three themes. - the evolution of different sources of energy - the industrial valorization of hydrocarbons - the 'large-scale' economic results of oil expropriation and subsequent oil stratagies. These are the three points which have been approached in this thesis
27
Haile, Simon, and Ebrima Jabang. "The Meeting of Cultures : Effective Leadership in Multicultural Organisations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85138.
Анотація:
Globalisation has simplified the internationalisation process for companies, and are today not only constrained to multinational companies, as SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) are entering global markets in order to attain a sustainable competitive advantage. As a result, more Swedish SMEs are now operating abroad, and SSA (sub-Saharan Africa) is a region that has shown great potential. SSA has a rapid economic growth and greater political stability, and SMEs that enter SSA has many opportunities to gain as it is a fairly unexplored region with a boosting economy. However, working in SSA would entail that Swedish SMEs and its leaders would encounter different cultures and trying to find a way of coping with the differences successfully. The purposes of this study, is, therefore, to explore what cultural challenges Swedish SME leaders face in SSA, and how they adapt to the cultural challenges. The researchers chose a qualitative research strategy with an abductive approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with eight Swedish SMEs leaders that are currently active in SSA. The respondents hold various leading positions within these companies. Our empirical findings suggest that there are several cultural challenges that Swedish SME leaders face in SSA, such as time perception, gender inequality, collectivistic behaviour and trust issues. However, the existing hierarchical system in SSA was seen as the main challenge as the leaders were used to a flat organisations structure in Sweden, whereas the culture in SSA advocate authoritarianism. The leaders that choose to adapt their leadership style become more controlling, which shown improvement on the employees performance. Our findings also indicate that some of the leaders did want to adapt their leadership style but instead sought to transform the current culture in SSA based on a Swedish Model.
28
Winberg, Simon L. "An embedded system artefact organisation and adaptation knowledge management system for embedded system product prototyping." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12216.
Анотація:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis presents an innovative approach to knowledge management (KM) from the perspective of embedded system (ES) development, a form of development that is highly knowledge intensive and depends on specialised forms of knowledge obtained from a variety of complex knowledge artefacts. This study follows an experimental methodology that involves integrating a knowledge management system (KMS) into ES product prototyping projects, in order to facilitate KM of a specific form of knowledge, namely embedded system artefact organisation and adaptation (ESAOA) knowledge. ESAOA knowledge is produced during ESAOA activities, which concern organising artefacts that are used to construct an ES and techniques by which engineers adapt and learn from these artefacts.
29
Poon, Yvonne Maria. "Cell Structure Re-Organisation In Relation To The Adaptation Of Vascular Networks To Tensile Stress." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4400.
30
Probert, Shirley A. "A comparative and longitudinal analysis of the evolving relationship between the environment and the strategy, structure and performance of selected organisations in the British carpet industry 1959-1986 : a firms in sector perspective of organisational adaptation." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10849/.
Анотація:
Orthodox contingency theory links effective organisational performance to compatible relationships between the environment and organisation strategy and structure and assumes that organisations have the capacity to adapt as the environment changes. Recent contributions to the literature on organisation theory claim that the key to effective performance is effective adaptation which in turn requires the simultaneous reconciliation of efficiency and innovation which is afforded by an unique environment-organisation configuration. The literature on organisation theory recognises the continuing confusion caused by the fragmented and often conflicting results from cross-sectional studies. Although the case is made for longitudinal studies which comprehensively describe the evolving relationship between the environment and the organisation there is little to suggest how such studies should be executed in practice. Typically the choice is between the approaches of the historicised case study and statistical analysis of large populations which examine the relationship between environment and organisation strategy and/or structure and ignore the product-process relationship. This study combines the historicised case study and the multi-variable and ordinal scale approach of statistical analysis to construct an analytical framework which tracks and exposes the environment-organisation-performance relationship over time. The framework examines changes in the environment, strategy and structure and uniquely includes an assessment of the organisation's product-process relationship and its contribution to organisational efficiency and innovation. The analytical framework is applied to examine the evolving environment-organisation relationship of two organisations in the same industry over the same twenty-five year period to provide a sector perspective of organisational adaptation. The findings demonstrate the significance of the environment-organisation configuration to the scope and frequency of adaptation and suggest that the level of sector homogeneity may be linked to the level of product-process standardisation.
31
Elie-dit-Cosaque, Christophe Max-Olivier. "Studies on adaptation to information systems : Multiple roles and coping strategies." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090038.
Анотація:
L’adaptation individuelle aux technologies de l’information (TI) a reçu relativement peu d’attention dans la recherche en systèmes d’information (SI). Afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des problématiques que soulève ce concept, un format de thèse sur travaux est adopté. L’objectif est d’analyser des aspects distincts de l’interaction des utilisateurs avec les TI en lien avec la notion d’adaptation. Par conséquent, afin de mieux comprendre comment les utilisateurs de TI s'adaptent à ces dernières, cette étude examine (1) l’interaction d’utilisateurs avec une TI qui leur fournit différentes quantités d’information, en lien avec le succès de cette TI (DeLone et McLean 1992) (2) l’influence des valeurs culturelles épousées (Srite et Karahanna 2006) d'individualisme-collectivisme et d’évitement de l’incertitude sur les stratégies d’adaptation et de coping des individus lors de l’implémentation d’une TI disruptive, (3) et, partant d’une conceptualisation basée sur les études d’Emirbayer et Mische (1998) et Crozier et Friedberg (1977), les actions prises par des cadres intermédiaires lors de l’intégration d’une TI disruptive dans les unités locales d’une administration publique. Pour répondre aux questions de recherche qui sont posées, ces études adoptent des méthodologies quantitatives expérimentales (études 1 et 2) et qualitative (étude 3) et entendent contribuer à améliorer notre compréhension des réponses des individus aux changements liés à l’introduction des TIUnderstanding individual adaptation to Information Systems (IS) has received relatively little attention in IS research. For furthering these issues, a multi-paper dissertation is adopted and studies distinct aspects of user interaction with IT related with adaptation. Thus, in order to better understand how system users adapt to IT disruptions this study examine (1) how system users who become disrupted by IS that provide them with too much information interact with these systems, (2) the influence of espoused cultural values (Srite and Karahanna 2006) on user coping strategies of adaptation to IS, and (3) middle managers responses to the implementation of disruptive IT in public administration. These dissertation studies together help improve our knowledge on individual adaptive responses to IT disruptions
32
Hill, Stephen. "Meta-stability of interacting adaptive agents." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2150.
Анотація:
The adaptive process can be considered as being driven by two fundamental forces: exploitation and exploration. While the explorative process may be deterministic, the resultant effect may be stochastic. Stochastic effects may also exist in the expoitative process. This thesis considers the effects of stochastic fluctuations inherent in the adaptive process on the behavioural dynamics of a population of interacting agents. It is hypothesied that in such systems, one or more attractors in the population space exist; and that transitions between these attractors can occur; either as a result of internal shocks (sampling fluctuations) or external shocks (environmental changes). It is further postulated that such transitions in the (microscopic) population space may be observable as phase transitions in the behaviour of macroscopic observables. A simple model of a stock market, driven by asexual reproduction (selection plus mutation) is put forward as a testbed. A statistical dynamics analysis of the behaviour of this market is then developed. Fixed points in the space of agent behaviours are located, and market dynamics are compared to the analytic predictions. Additionally, an analysis of the relative importance of internal shocks(sampling fluctuations) and external shocks( the stock dividend sequence) across varying population size is presented.
33
Masquelier, Juliette. "Traditions, adaptations, contestations. Théories et pratiques de l'émancipation des femmes dans quelques organisations catholiques (Belgique francophone, 1960-1990)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284523.
Анотація:
Les évolutions de la condition féminine ont profondément interpellé le monde catholique belge, et offrent un point d’entrée fructueux pour appréhender les transformations qu’il a connues entre 1960 et 1990. J’ai choisi d’aborder cette question par le biais de quatre organisations d’encadrement des couples ou des femmes catholiques, qui ont développé des idées et/ou des pratiques d’émancipation touchant les femmes, entrant parfois en contradiction avec le Magistère : la Ligue Ouvrière Féminine Chrétienne (LOFC), devenue Vie Féminine, l’Action catholique Rurale des Femmes (ACRF), le Centre National de Pastorale Familiale (CNPF) devenu Centre d’Éducation à la Famille et à l’Amour (CEFA), et la revue Feuilles Familiales. En combinant les théories de la sécularisation proposées par la sociologie des religions, et une analyse de genre, l’objectif de ma recherche est à la fois d’éclairer sous en jour nouveau les processus de l’émancipation féminine, et de comprendre les mécanismes de l’appartenance catholique et son devenir contemporain. À travers l’étude des multiples aspects de l’émancipation des femmes, regroupés en quatre thématiques (la conquête des droits reproductifs, l’égalité économique et professionnelle, la citoyenneté politique et la place des femmes dans l’Église), la plasticité idéologique des organisations d’Action catholique et leur longévité suggère que leur fonction première n’est pas tant d’imposer des contenus que d’encadrer efficacement un grand nombre de femmes. Le principal enjeu, pour ces organisations, semble être d’assurer la coexistence en leur sein d’une multiplicité d’opinions. Elles sont ainsi parvenues à faire accepter à la majorité de leurs membres des positions radicalement opposées à celles du Magistère catholique, comme la dépénalisation partielle de l’avortement (1989) tout en maintenant une identité « catholique », qui se manifeste dans un socle de valeurs commun à l’entièreté du pilier catholique, mais qui n’est plus tributaire de l’approbation du clergé.Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
34
Volle, Emmanuelle. "Organisation anatomo-fonctionnelle du cortex préfrontal latéral pour la mémoire de travail." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803140.
Анотація:
La mémoire de travail (MT) est un ensemble de processus cognitifs permettant la mise en représentation mentale d’informations et leur utilisation pour agir. Elle permet l’émergence de fonctions élaborées telles que le raisonnement ou la planification. La MT repose, entre autres, sur les propriétés du cortex préfrontal latéral (CPFL). Les théories actuelles proposent une division de cette structure en différentes régions fonctionnelles, spécifiques soit des informations à traiter (domaine visuel ou verbal) soit du traitement à effectuer (maintien en mémoire, manipulation, action). Ainsi notre objectif est de préciser dans quels processus de MT le CPFL est spécifiquement impliqué et quel est le principe d’organisation fonctionnelle de cette région. Les travaux de cette thèse s’appuient sur une approche multimodale combinant études lésionnelles modernes et IRM fonctionnelle. Les résultats montrent que le CPFL est impliqué dans la manipulation des informations et leur utilisation pour l’action, et que pour cela il est organisé en régions spécialisées pour un domaine d’information et d’autres qui ne le sont pas. Ces résultats posent la question de la connectivité entre ces régions et de son lien avec les fonctions cognitives élaborées.
35
Chaisse, Julien. "Recherches sur les adaptations du droit communautaire au droit de l'organisation mondiale du commerce." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32005.
Анотація:
L’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) établit un cadre juridique dans lequel les Membres s’engagent à mettre en œuvre les lois et réglementations en matière de commerce international dans une grande variété de secteurs. L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner pourquoi et comment le droit de l’OMC est mis en œuvre et dans quelle mesure il a provoqué l’adaptation du droit commuanutaire. La conformité du droit communautaire au droit de l’OMC est obligatoire pour deux raisons. D’abord en déclarant que « chaque Membre assurera la conformité de ses lois, réglementations et procédures administratives avec ses obligations telles qu'elles sont énoncées dans les accords figurant en annexe », l’Accord établissant l’OMC affirme l’obligation pour tous les Membres d’assurer une telle mise en conformité. Les conséquences juridiques de cette obligation sont discutées au regard des adapatations effectives du droit communautaire. Ensuite, l’OMC a établit un nouveau mécanisme de règlement des différends pour vérifier la mise en conformité du droit interne au droit de l’OMC. La contribution de ce mécanisme est analysée à la lumière de l’implication de la Communauté européenne dans les différends. Par ailleurs, cette étude se concentre sur l’évolution de la politique commerciale commune qui montre un accroissement important et progressif de la compétence communautaire, qui suppose une érosion consentie de leur souverinété par les Etats membres de l’Union européenne. Indirectement donc, l’OMC contribue à l’évolution structurelle de la Commuanuté européenne. Sur le plan théorique, cette étude identifie les caractéristiques propres au système de l’OMC qui assurent la mise en œuvre de son droit et contraint la Communauté europeenne de se conformer au normes internationales. Sur le plan pratique, elle donne une présentation des récentes modifications du droit communautaire et simultanément permet d’apprécier l’intégration de la Communauté européenne dans la gouvernance du commerce internationalThe World Trade Organisation (WTO) provides a legal framework within which Members undertake to implement laws and regulations regarding foreign trade in a wide range of sectors. The purpose of this study is to examine why and how WTO law is actually implemented and to what extent it has caused the adaptation of European Community (EC) law. The conformity of EC law to WTO law is compulsory for two reasons. Firstly, by declaring that, “each Member shall ensure the conformity of its law, regulations and administrative procedures with its obligations as provided in the annexed Agreements”, the Agreement establishing WTO affirms the obligation for all the Members to ensure such compliance. The legal consequences of this obligation are discussed with regard to the effective adaptation of EC law. Secondly, WTO has set up a new dispute settlement mechanism to monitor the compliance of domestic law with WTO regulations. The contribution of this mechanism in ensuring conformity to WTO rules has been assessed with reference to EC’s involvement in disputes. Besides, this study focus on the evolution of the common commercial policy which shows a strong and progressive increase in the EC competence, as well as simultaneously presumes an accepted erosion in the sovereignty of the European Union Member States sovereignty. Indirectly then, the WTO, in the light of the questions raised, is contributing to the EU structural evolution. On the theoretical side, this study identifies the characteristics peculiar to WTO that ensure the implementation of its law and oblige the EC to comply with international norms. On the practical side, it gives a presentation of the recent changes in EC law that are presently applicable and simultaneously assesses EC’s integration in international trade governance
36
Abtal, Karim. "Arbitrage entre inertie et adaptation : les apports des théories évolutionnistes (le cas des entreprises du BTP)." Metz, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004METZ006D.
37
Durand, Stéphane. "Représentation des points de vues multiples dans une situation d'urgence : une modélisation par organisations d'agents." Le Havre, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEHA0005.
Анотація:
Les systèmes d'information et de communication (SIC) sont des systèmes informatisés qui regroupent et fournissent des renseignements et des informations sur une situation d'urgence en cours de développement aux acteurs décisionnels qui doivent la gérer. L'approche factuelle classique n'est pas suffisante pour gérer correctement les de telles situations. Nous proposons donc une approche basée sur l'interprétation artificielle des messages échanges par ces acteurs grâce à la couche communicationnelle d'un SIC. Cette approche permet non seulement de transmettre fidèlement les informations factuelles des messages, mais aussi la prise en compte d'une partie de leurs informations subjectives. Elle permet aussi de monter les points de vue conflictuels entre les acteurs décisionnels en fonction des messages échangés et la gestion de connaissances contradictoires. Pour cela, nous proposons un modèle de la couche communicationnelle d'un SIC incluant la base d'un système d'interprétation des messages. Ce modèle utilise systématiquement le paradigme agent. Il comprend des organisations d'agents, appelées organisations aspectuelles qui reifient les aspects de la situation exprimés dans leurs messages par les acteurs. Ces messages sont enrichis par le système et replacés dans leur contexte communicationnel.
38
Nilsson, Valentin, and André Dahlgren. "Business Analytics Maturity Model : An adaptation to the e-commerce industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388358.
Анотація:
Maturity models have become a widely used framework for assessing various capabilities and technologies among businesses. This thesis develops a maturity model for assessing Business Analytics (BA) in Swedish e-commerce firms. Business Analytics has become an increasingly important part of modern businesses, and firms are continuously looking for new ways to perform analysis of the data available to them. The prominent previous maturity models within BA have mainly been developed by IT-consultancy firms with the underlying intent of selling their IT services. Consequently, these models have a primary focus on the technical factors towards Business Analytics maturity, partly neglecting the importance of organisational factors. This thesis develops a Business Analytic Maturity Model (BAMM) which fills an identified research gap of academic maturity models with emphasis on the organisational factors of BA maturity. Using a qualitative research design, the BAMM is adapted to the Swedish e-commerce industry through two sequential evaluation stages. The study finds that organisational factors have a greater impact on BA maturity than previous research suggests. The BAMM and the study's results contribute with knowledge of Business Analytics, as well as providing e-commerce firms with insights into how to leverage their data.
39
Geryville, Mohammed Hichem Bouras Abdelaziz Nikolaos Sapidis. "Une architecture d'échange et de partage d'information produit transformation et adaptation des connaissances dans un contexte d'entreprise étendue /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/geryville_mh.
Анотація:
Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Informatique : Lyon 2 : 2008. Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Informatique : Université de l'Egée : 2008.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
40
Youngang, Georgette. "Étude de la relation d'adaptation structure-turbulence sur la performance des organisations : le cas des petites villes du Québec /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
41
Volle, Emmanuelle. "ORGANISATION ANATOMO-FONCTIONNELLE DU CORTEX PREFRONTAL LATERAL POUR LA MEMOIRE DE TRAVAIL." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803140.
Анотація:
La mémoire de travail (MT) est un ensemble de processus cognitifs permettant la mise en représentation mentale d'informations et leur utilisation pour agir. Elle permet l'émergence de fonctions élaborées telles que le raisonnement ou la planification. La MT repose, entre autres, sur les propriétés du cortex préfrontal latéral (CPFL). Les théories actuelles proposent une division de cette structure en différentes régions fonctionnelles, spécifiques soit des informations à traiter (domaine visuel ou verbal) soit du traitement à effectuer (maintien en mémoire, manipulation, action). Ainsi notre objectif est de préciser dans quels processus de MT le CPFL est spécifiquement impliqué et quel est le principe d'organisation fonctionnelle de cette région. Les travaux de cette thèse s'appuient sur une approche multimodale combinant études lésionnelles modernes et IRM fonctionnelle. Les résultats montrent que le CPFL est impliqué dans la manipulation des informations et leur utilisation pour l'action, et que pour cela il est organisé en régions spécialisées pour un domaine d'information et d'autres qui ne le sont pas.Ces résultats posent la question de la connectivité entre ces régions et de son lien avec les fonctions cognitives élaborées.
42
Burgering, Wendy Helen Miller. "Reacting to a ‘Discovered’ Social Problem Through Organisational Adaptation: Case Studies of Child Sexual Abuse Investigation of Seven New Zealand Police Districts." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1963.
Анотація:
Organisations operate in an environment buffeted by social change. Child sexual abuse became publicly recognised as a social problem from 1986. The first part of this thesis examines public awareness of, and interest in child sexual abuse, how child sexual abuse arose in New Zealand, the influence of international "moral entrepreneurs" in shaping this recognition and the activities of local "moral entrepreneurs"' including some police officers, in assisting the move of child sexual abuse from the private to the public arena. The second part of this thesis examines organisational change and whether the causes for organisational change are environmentally or managerially driven. Or is it, as this thesis suggests a combination of both. This thesis takes these theoretical arguments and applies them to the process of organisational change that occurred in the New Zealand Police Department, from the development and implementation of the National Abuse Policy for the investigation of child sexual abuse and serious physical abuse. The third part of this thesis examines the interlinking between the main theoretical foci, organisational change and the construction of a social problem. The results of an investigation from key staff, Police and other agency personnel, from seven New Zealand Police Department Districts, interviewed in three waves over a two and a half year period, are reported. The total number of key staff from each wave was 93, 80 and 68. The results of the first part of the thesis is that through effective lobbying by the women's movement and child protection groups child sexual abuse has become a recognised social problem. In the second part of the thesis the following were found to be crucial factors in the shaping of organisational responses to child sexual abuse: The role of middle managers in the implementation of organisational change policies in assigning or not assigning appropriate resources. The role of the top management in the ownership of organisational change policies the procedures. Continual staff turnover and the policy of staff rotation limited the successful implementation and continued support for the National Abuse Policy. This factor, staff turn over and/or rotation, will impact on the success of any organisational change policy. The extent of the training provisions for police officers at all levels within the organisation and the maintenance of that training at a national and district level. Acceptance of the multidisciplinary investigative approach which differed from more traditional policing approaches. The internal and external pressure on the Police to implement and maintain a high profile response in the child sexual abuse field. The results of the third part of the thesis is that the Police Department played a role in the public recognition of child sexual abuse as a social problem and as a result had to implement an operational response through the development of a National Abuse Policy.
43
Fouqueray, Timothée. "Adaptations aux incertitudes climatiques de long terme : trajectoires socio-écologiques de la gestion forestière française." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA029.
Анотація:
Les trajectoires socio-écologiques des forêts sont considérablement dépendantes des pratiques sylvicoles retenues par leurs gestionnaires. Or, ces choix de gestion sont susceptibles d’évoluer afin de prendre en compte les impacts des dérèglements du climat sur les milieux forestiers. L’objectif des travaux qui suivent est donc de comprendre les évolutions de la gestion forestière induites par les adaptations aux dérèglements climatiques (ACC). Ils se concentrent sur la France métropolitaine, dont les forêts sont l’un des écosystèmes les plus importants – elles en couvrent trois quarts de la surface. Trois thématiques de recherche ont permis de décliner cette problématique : (1) la diversification des ACC (quels biens et services écosystémiques forestiers (BSE) cible-t-elle ?) ; (2) l’importance accordée par les forestiers aux approches techniques, en comparaison des réflexions portant sur l’organisation socio-économique de la gestion forestière ; et enfin (3) l’intégration des dynamiques écologiques dans la conception et la mise en œuvre d’adaptations aux changements climatiques.Chapitre 1 : Recensement, par des enquêtes de terrain, des ACC en forêts privées et publiques. Les adaptations répertoriées concernaient seulement quelques-uns des nombreux BSE forestiers, au premier rang desquels la production de bois, le stockage de carbone et la préservation des habitats naturels. Ces adaptations étaient avant tout mises en place pour répondre à des aléas climatiques déjà vécus par les forestiers. Surtout, ces adaptations relevaient d’évolutions des techniques sylvicoles, où les humains interviennent sur le socio-écosystème forestier, en modifiant les composantes naturelles.Chapitre 2 : J’ai étudié le financement public des projets de recherche portant simultanément sur les changements climatiques et sur la foresterie. J’ai montré qu’une des causes du manque de considération des aspects socio-économiques de l’ACC provient de la prééminence de recherches techniques, très peu tournées vers les services écosystémiques socio-culturels, de régulation ou de soutien.Chapitre 3 : Retour au terrain, pour une étude de cas sur le paiement pour stockage de carbone. J’ai mis en relief comment la diversification des revenus engendrée par ce type d’innovation est un moyen indirect pour les forestiers de s’adapter aux changements climatiques, en diminuant leur dépendance à une production ligneuse fortement menacée par les dérèglements climatiques. Les atouts, mais aussi certaines limites techniques et conséquences socio-économiques de cette approche ont été soulignés.Chapitre 4 : Synthèse des apprentissages des chapitres précédents, grâce à la création d’une simulation participative de gestion forestière. Dans Foster Forest, divers acteurs de la gestion forestière sont plongés dans un scénario de fort changement climatique. Pour mener à bien leur propre mission, ils disposent d’une panoplie de pratiques sylvicoles inspirée de pratiques usuelles, mais qui ne suffisent pas à faire face aux perturbations climatiques. Pour compenser, les participants ont toute liberté de proposer des changements des règles du jeu afin de faire évoluer l’organisation socio-économique de leurs activités forestières. La dizaine d’applications de cette simulation participative, dans différentes régions françaises, a permis de confirmer les résultats des chapitres précédents. Les parties jouées ont aussi apporté un éclairage sur l’importance des structures d’animation territoriale dans l’élaboration de projets d’adaptations, à des échelles complémentaires des seules visions « à la parcelle »Adapting forest management to climate change (CC) is a key issue, as forests are crucial for mitigation policies and the provision of many ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the magnitude of the progress made in this respect can help shape further adaptation developments and avoid the putative maladaptive side effects of forest management evolutions. Here, I aim to bridge the knowledge gap of adaptation implementation in French forests.Chapter 1: Based on semi-structured interviews with foresters, my findings highlight unprecedented aspects of adaptations: (i) a focus on productive ES at the expense of other essential services such as water supply or natural habitats; (ii) adaptations rely on technical changes in forest management and do not deal with climate impacts through organizational or economic tools; and (iii) envisaging ecological processes through adaptations is instrumental and limited to small spatial and temporal scales. My results also extend the existing body of knowledge to the framework of forest management: (i) CC is not the main driver of forestry changes; (ii) extreme events are windows of opportunity to stimulate adaptive changes; and (iii) proactive adaptation to unexperienced hazards is very weak.Chapter 2: Assessment of the diversity of research projects in the forest sciences focusing on CC. I categorized projects according to discipline and main focus, using data from the online description of French public calls for proposals and from selected projects. Since 1997, mitigation research has gradually given way to adaptation. Despite pledges for the inclusion of social sciences, research rarely draws on the social sciences and focuses on ES of economic interest. Biomass production is paramount, being addressed either directly or through projects on tree species of industrial interest. Hence, instead of a diverse search for adaptation strategies, climate research is geared toward a few ES. Without denying the need for timber and biofuel production, I encourage public funders to complement current calls for proposals with more diverse approaches beneficial for both biomass production and other ES.Chapter 3: I study how multiple mechanisms for the mitigation of CC have been developed, drawing on a combination of reducing and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While mechanisms are mandatory for certain economic sectors, some business that are not required to mitigate their GHG emissions would nevertheless like to do so. I examine two study cases in France to analyze how public and private foresters seized this opportunity to obtain complementary funding from such companies for forestry operations. I focus on offset contracts issued by associations linking public sector forestry agencies, forest landowners, and offset funders. Carbon mitigation was a reason shared by all contractors to commit to the agreement, although it concealed multifarious motivations. Hence, I argue that voluntary offset contracts act like a Trojan horse by enabling foresters to dialogue with entities that would otherwise not be interested in supporting forest management. Regional embedding was crucial to overcoming the mitigation challenges.Chapter 4: To gain insight on how can socio-economic adaptive tools complement technical evolutions of forestry, I designed Foster Forest, a participatory simulation of forest management. It combines a role-playing game, an agent-based model, and a scenario of CC with high uncertainties. Drawing from multiple applications in French regions, I show that climate change is not a short-term matter of concern for private and public foresters. I analyze the emergence of socio-economic changes (mainly payment for carbon storage) in the provision of ES, and participants’ negotiations to spontaneously change the simulation rules. I also highlight how collective adaptive action was steered by stakeholders with a public interest role
44
Savoie, Jean-Michel. "Organisation des communautés fongiques saprophytes et adaptations à l'environnement biochimique : cas de la décomposition de la litière d'aiguilles d'Abies alba Mill." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10148.
45
Lugagne, Delpon Nathalie. "Unification et adaptation locale des systèmes de contrôle dans les entreprises multinationales : le cas des filiales situées à Singapour." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1996. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00994912.
Анотація:
La thèse cherche à répondre à deux questions : (1) dans quelle mesure les systèmes de contrôle en place dans les filiales d'entreprises multinationales sont-ils à la fois unifiés à ceux de leur entreprise mère et adaptés aux contraintes de l'environnement local ? (2) quels facteurs influencent-ils l'unification des systèmes de contrôle au sein des entreprises multinationales et l'adaptation locale de ces systèmes dans les filiales ? Une définition opérationnelle élargie du concept de système de contrôle est adoptée, intégrant des domaines traditionnellement réservés à la gestion des ressources humaines. L'étude empirique se fonde sur l'analyse des perceptions des dirigeants de 50 filiales, situées a Singapour, d'entreprises américaines, européennes et japonaises. Elle combine des techniques qualitatives et quantitatives. 3 groupes de filiales sont mis en évidence : les filiales dont les systèmes de contrôle sont unifiés à ceux de leur entreprise mère, les filiales dont les systèmes sont fortement influencés par les pratiques locales et les filiales dont les dirigeants insistent sur la mise en œuvre sélective et progressive des politiques "parentales". Parmi les facteurs d'influence identifiés, apparaissent de manière forte la normalisation des systèmes au sein de l'entreprise multinationale, la perception d'une importante distance culturelle entre les expatriés et les locaux et la socialisation des employés locaux. Se détachent également de très nets profils nationauxThe objective of the research is to address two questions: (1) to what extent are control systems in affiliates of multinational enterprises simultaneously unified to the parent systems and adapted to the constraints of the local environment ? (2) which factors do influence the unification of control systems within multinational enterprises and the local adpatation of theses systems in affiliates ? An expanded operational definition of the concept of control system is adopted, enabling to integrate fields traditionally assigned to human resource management. The empirical investigations are based on an analysis of the perceptions of directors in 50 singapore-based subsidiaries of american, european, and japanese corporations. Qualitative and quantitative methods are combined. 3 groups of affiliates emerge: those whose control systems are unified to the parent systems, those whose controm systems are influenced by local practices, and those whose management emphasizes a selective and gradual implementation of parent policies. The most important factors identified appear to be system standardization within the multinational corporation, a perceived cultural distance between expatriates and local managers, and socialization of local employees. Very clear-cut national profiles are also isolated
46
Pripp, Malin. "Flex for success : A case study of the role of a leader in highly flexible organisations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74791.
Анотація:
Due to dynamic and rapid changing markets, technology has helped companies adapt to the market conditions and forced them to undergo a transition from permanent structures to more adaptable ones. Researchers have stressed that by implementing more adaptable structures, companies have a better chance to utilize both personnel and business resources. By implementing flexibility in working hours and place, firms increase their chances of better coping with dynamic changes in the business environment and better meet the individual needs of the employees. This leads to the subjective constructed concept timeplace flexibility. One neglected aspect in previous research, is the link between timeplace flexibility and the role of the leader when employees get increased control and responsibility over their schedules and tasks. Hence, the purpose of this study is to discuss what role the leader plays in a highly timeplace flexible organisation. By using an inductive approach together with a qualitative research method, three theoretical concepts- Leadership styles in flexible organisations, organisational communication and self-management- have been identified to support the understanding of the empirical findings. The empirical data is collected from two companies, which have implemented timeplace flexibility in different ways. The outcome of this study suggests the leader in highly timeplace flexible organisations to act as a visionary and communicate organisational goals. Emphasis is also on acting supportive and to coach the employees when they are faced with challenges. Although, individuals in a highly timeplace flexible organisation have a lot of responsibility and can somewhat be viewed to practising self-management, having a leader is considered to be significant. The direct control of the leader has decreased but instead, it can be interpreted as the control manifests itself via the internal business culture in forms of social values and norms. Consequently, the study can serve meaningful to leaders in highly timeplace flexible organisations or companies who wish to implement more adaptable structures.
47
Alcaras, Jean-Robert. "Sur la modélisation des processus d'adaptation socio-économiques : aspects symboliques et téléologiques de l'autonomie individuelle et sociale, interprétation des stratégies économiques en termes d'ingénierie." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32033.
Анотація:
Pour rendre compte de la diversite et de la complexite des processus d'adaptation mis en oeuvre par les agents et les systemes socio-economiques, on est conduit a mettre en valeur l'importance des processus symboliques et teleologiques, au dela des actions purement "physiques". Outre les questionnements methodologiques et epistemologiques auxquels ces reflexions conduisent, on est amene a considerer que les theories economiques (qui sont susceptibles d'influencer les representations et les valeurs partagees par les agents) jouent elles-memes un role actif dans ces processus d'adaptation : ainsi elles n'auraient pas seulement pour fonction de rendre compte d'une realite objective, et pourraient figurer parmi les elements constitutifs d'une ingenierie de l'adaptation des systemes socio-economiques. Afin d'etayer cette hypothese, on s'appuiera notamment sur le principe de "rationalite procedurale" formule par h. A. Simon et sur les recents developpements de l'economie des conventionsTo report on the diversity and the complexity of the adaptation processes carried out by the socio-economic agents and systems, the importance of the symbolical and teleogical processes has to be developed and this beyond purely "physical" actions. In addition to a methodological and epistemological questioning induced by these remarks, one is brought to consider that the economic theories (likely to influence representations and values recognized by the agents) play themselves an active part in these adaptation processes : thus, they would not only serve an objective reality but could also quote among the factors constituting an adaptation engineering of socio-economic systems. To support such hypothesis, we will notably base upon h. A. Simon's principle of "procedural rationality" and thelatest progress of convention economics
48
Fox, Ashley. "The political ecology of community-based adaptation to flood risk in informal settlements: the case of a local community organisation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29750.
Анотація:
As urbanisation rates increase in parallel with growing climate change concerns, African cities are increasingly required to explore and support adaptation planning that reduces climate risks for the most vulnerable. Informal settlements are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to their high density, limited service provision, and a lack of economic and political opportunities for residents. In Cape Town, informal settlements face disastrous floods every year in the rainy season due to their location on degraded, low-lying lands as a result of Apartheid spatial planning. This thesis explores how multi-scalar governance in Cape Town can either empower or undermine efforts at community-based adaptation (CBA) to flooding in informal settlements. Drawing on urban political ecology, this thesis assesses the potential for CBA to lead to wider transformation. Using a case study approach, it focuses on the informal settlement network (ISN), a community-based organisation of the urban poor. ISN members and other actors involved in flood management in Cape Town were interviewed to understand the flood management landscape and the relationships and dynamics that exist between the various actors. The analysis showed that the CoCT’s efforts at participatory planning reinforce the hegemonic power dynamics between government and communities, but that everyday governance practices can be used at a smaller-scale to enforce positive change. In reaction to top-down governmental processes, ISN uses insurgent planning to envision a more just city. They navigate sanctioned and un-sanctioned spaces of citizenship to drive development from the bottom-up. The community designed and spearheaded reblocking process (rearranging shacks in a settlement to allow for flood drainage and service delivery) is a powerful example of CBA and represents the potential of communitybased organisations to take steps towards transformation. In order to enable true transformative CBA, both the CoCT and ISN need to adjust the epistemological framing of their planning processes in order to address the drivers of vulnerabilities, rather than just the vulnerabilities themselves.
49
Gneple, Wawan Agathe. "Adaptations opératives à des conditions de travail sous-optimales : une analyse ergonomique dans deux entreprises de Côte d'Ivoire." Paris, CNAM, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CNAM0331.
Анотація:
Dans les entreprises qui ont beneficie d'un transfert de technologies d'un pays industriellement developpe vers un pays en voie de developpement industriel ou les habitudes de vie des operateurs, les conditions climatiques aussi bien que les modes d'organisation des structures industrielles et commerciales locales different par rapport aux pays occidentaux, on observe de nombreux dysfonctionnements. Face a ces dysfonctionnements, un ensemble de processus d'adaptation et de regulation sont mis en place par les operateurs eux-memes pour suppleer parfois avec plus ou moins d'efficacite, aux carences de l'organisation ou de la conception des systemes techniques. Ce sont surtout les mecanismes generaux des ecarts aux prescriptions et les benefices que les operateurs en tirent qui sont analyses. La presente recherche porte sur l'analyse de deux entreprises implantees en cote d'ivoire. De ce fait, un panorama est presente de l'ergonomie dans et pour les pays en voie de developpement en general, en afrique en particulier des comportements en periodes de dysfonctionnements et de contraintes d'ambiance thermique sont ainsi analyses sur deux terrains : une usine de fabrication de lubrifiants de moteurs et une banque. Ces periodes etaient, en effet, tres pertinentes puisqu'elles sont analysables comme facteurs determinants des conduites au travail, entrainant chez les operateurs des perturbations auxquelles ils repondent par des comportements adaptatifs, qui constituent ainsi une fonction de la gestion des situations ; les strategies operatoires ont egalement ete analysees pour mettre en evidence les processus cognitifs sous-jacents a la gestion des contraintes de travail. Les resultats montrent l'interet de cette approche pour l'analyse des comportements operatoires en situation contraignante. Elle a permis de mettre en evidence la regulation et la planification par les operateurs, des resultats de l'activite a moyen terme en fonction des pauses qu'ils effectuaient en vue de pallier les contraintes d'ambiance thermique notamment. Ces analyses montrent ainsi que la gestion des contraintes par les operateurs est a la fois une activite de regulation et de recuperation en fonction de la planification des objectifs de productionMany malfunctions are observed in enterprises stem from transfer of technology from developed countries to underdeveloped countries. The reason for such malfunctions may lie in working conditions, climatic, and organization of recipient industries and business structures, which are different from developed countries. When confronted with these malfunctions, some adaptive and regulative mechanisms are carried out by workers to compensate the organizational or technical systems conception deficiency. The focus of analysis is on two aspects of this situation : deviation of workers from their responsibilities and wellbeing of workers in this situation. This research proposes an analysis of two enterprises operating in ivory coast. So, a spectrum of ergonomy for underdeveloped countries in general and particularly african countries is presented. The behaviour of employees during malfunction and environmental temperature constraints are analysed in the two case studies : a vehicle lubricant producing company and a bank. The observations in these two case studies are relevant because they are analysed as determining factors of work control, which involve adaptive behaviour and are factors of management. Operative procedures are analysed to show the underlying cognitive process of work constraints control. The results emphasize the interest of this approach for analysing operative behaviours in constraint situation. Analysis done allowed pointing out how operators control and plan the result of an activity in middle term by additional pauses given for palliating environmental temperature constraints. These analysis show that the management of constraints by workers is an activity of regulation and recovery, according to the aims of the planning of the production
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Sävenhed, Robert, and Henrik Öberg. "Styrning i en kundinriktad organisation : en studie av en elitidrottsförening." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5863.
Анотація:
Background: There has been a movement of power towards customers in most markets which puts higher demands upon the customer orientation of organizations to survive competition. In general the opinion is that satisfied customers also are profitable for the organization. Even though a consciousness exists about this connections importance for the organization there exists no prominent economical theory showing how a organization should work with customer adaptation and how management should be shaped for success in this area. In the field of competitive sports clubs a similar trend is discernible since the field is increasingly commercialized.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to adapt The Balanced Scorecard as a model to the demands on management that customer orientation causes and to use the knowledge created during the study to show how customer orientation in a competitive sports club could look.
Realization: The study first takes the form of a literature study which emerges into a theoretic development. Above that a case study of Linköpings Hockey Club has been accomplished so that knowledge created from the literature study could be used on competitive sports clubs. Information to the case study has been gathered through interviews.
Results: A development of the Balanced Scorecard takes place so that the model is better adapted for customer orientated organizations and for practical use of the model. The development is based on the demands on management caused by the customer adaptation process the authors find necessary for a customer orientated organization. Thanks to usage of the developed Balanced Scorecard competitive sports clubs may improve their prerequisites for customer orientation.
Bakgrund: En förskjutning av makten på marknaden har skett till kundernas fördel vilket ställer högre krav på organisationer att vara kundinriktade för att överleva. Generellt är synen att kunder som är tillfredsställda också är lönsamma för organisationen vanlig. Trots medvetenhet om detta sambands betydelse finns egentligen ingen framstående ekonomisk teori som visar hur organisationen ska arbeta med kundanpassning och hur organisationen ska styras för att nå dit. En liknande trend går att urskilja även inom den allt mer kommersialiserade idrottsrörelsen, framförallt på elitnivå.
Syfte: Syftet med studien är att anpassa det balanserade styrkortet som modell till de krav på ett styrsystem som en kundinriktad verksamhet medför samt att använda den i studien genererade kunskapen till att visa hur kundinriktningen i en elitidrottsförening kan se ut.
Genomförande: Studien bygger på en litteraturstudie som mynnar ut i en teoriutveckling. Därutöver har en fallstudie av Linköpings Hockey Club genomförts för att kunna tillämpa kunskap från litteraturstudien på elitidrottsföreningar. Information till fallstudien har samlats in genom intervjuer.
Resultat: En utveckling av det balanserade styrkortet har utförts för att modellen ska vara bättre anpassad till kundinriktade organisationer och för att förenkla ett praktiskt användande av modellen. Utvecklingen grundas på de krav som uppstår genom den kundanpassningsprocess vi anser vara nödvändig för en kundinriktad organisation. Elitidrottsföreningar kan genom tillämpning av utvecklingen av det balanserade styrkortet få bättre förutsättningar att agera kundinriktat.