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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Rai, Uma Shanker, Manjeet Singh, and Rama Nand Rai. "Crystal growth and some physicochemical studies on an organic intermolecular compound of anthranilic acid and N,N-dimethylamino benzaldehyde." European Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.9.4.303-310.1720.

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Анотація:

The phase diagram of anthranilic acid and N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde system gives two eutectics (E1 and E2) and a 1:1 intermolecular compound with congruent melting point. The mole fractions of anthranilic acid at E1 and E2 are 0.10 and 0.95, respectively. The negative values of heat of mixing of eutectics suggest that there is clustering of molecules in their eutectic liquid melt. The positive values of excess free energy for eutectics indicate that the interactions between the like molecules are stronger than those of unlike molecules. It can be inferred from single crystal X-ray analysis of the intermolecular compound that it crystallized in monoclinic unit cell with C2/c space group and a reasonably large sized intermolecular compound crystal was grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The optical studies on the intermolecular compound give two strong emission bands with two lmax values one at 380 nm and second at 450 nm with total quantum efficiency 0.49.

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2

Yoshikawa, Shinichi, Shimpei Watanabe, Yoshinori Yamamoto, and Fumitoshi Kaneko. "Binary Phase Behavior of 1,3-Distearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (SOS) and Trilaurin (LLL)." Molecules 25, no. 22 (November 14, 2020): 5313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225313.

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This paper reports the precise analysis of the eutectic mixing behavior of 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (SOS) and trilaurin (LLL), as a typical model case of the mixture of cocoa butter (CB) and cocoa butter substitute (CBS). SOS was mixed with LLL at several mass fractions of LLL (wLLL); the mixtures obtained were analyzed for polymorphic phase behavior using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and synchrotron radiation X-ray diffractometry (SR-XRD). In melt crystallization with constant-rate cooling, SOS and LLL formed eutectics in their metastable polymorphs, allowing the occurrence of a compatible solid solution at wLLL ≥ 0.925. With subsequent heating, the resultant crystals transformed toward more stable polymorphs, then melted in a eutectic manner. For mixtures aged at 25 °C after melt crystallization, eutectics were found in the extended wLLL region, even at wLLL = 0.975. These results indicate that phase separation between SOS and LLL progressed in their solid solution under stabilization. The crystal growth of the separated SOS fraction may cause fat-bloom formation in compound chocolate containing CB and CBS. To solve this problem, the development of retardation techniques against phase separation is expected.

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3

Araya-Sibaja, Andrea, José Vega-Baudrit, Teodolito Guillén-Girón, Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos, and Silvia Cuffini. "Drug Solubility Enhancement through the Preparation of Multicomponent Organic Materials: Eutectics of Lovastatin with Carboxylic Acids." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11030112.

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Lovastatin (LOV) is a drug used to treat hypercholesterolemia. Recent studies have identified its antioxidant effects and potential use in the treatment of some types of cancer. However, the low bioavailability related to its poor water solubility limits its use in solid oral dosage forms. Therefore, to improve the solubility of LOV three eutectic systems of LOV with the carboxylic acids benzoic (BEN), salicylic (SAL) and cinnamic (CIN) were obtained. Both binary phase and Tammann diagrams were constructed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data of mixtures prepared from 0.1 to 1.0 molar ratios. Binary mixtures and eutectics were prepared by liquid-assisted grinding. The eutectics were further characterized by DSC and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The LOV-BEN, LOV-SAL and LOV-CIN system formed a eutectic at an LOV mole fraction of 0.19, 0.60 and 0.14, respectively. The systems exhibited improvements in LOV solubility, becoming more soluble by five-fold in the LOV-SAL system and approximately four-fold in the other two systems. Considering that the solubility enhancements and the carboxylic acids used are generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the LOV eutectic systems are promising materials to be used in a solubility enhancement strategy for pharmaceutical product formulation.

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4

Gupta, R. K., S. K. Singh, and R. A. Singh. "Some physicochemical studies on organic eutectics." Journal of Crystal Growth 300, no. 2 (March 2007): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.12.017.

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5

Rai, U. S., and K. D. Mandal. "Some physicochemical studies on organic eutectics and 1:1 addition compound; p-phenylenediamine – benzoic acid system." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-039.

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Анотація:

The phase diagram of p-phenylenediamine – benzoic acid system, determined by the thaw–melt method, shows the formation of two eutectics and a 1:1 addition compound. The linear velocity of crystallization of pure components, eutectics and addition compound, determined by measuring the movement of growth front in a capillary, suggests that crystallization data obey the Hillig–Turnbull equation. Using experimental values of heats of fusion, entropy of fusion and excess thermodynamic functions were calculated and the results are explained on the basis of cluster formation in the melts. X-ray diffraction data infer that these eutectics are not simply the mechanical mixture of the two components and there is preferential ordering of atomic planes during their formation. The infrared spectral studies suggest the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the components forming the molecular complex. Keywords: organic eutectics, growth kinetics, phase diagram, thermochemistry, X-ray diffraction studies.

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6

Nahar, Yeasmin, and Stuart C. Thickett. "Greener, Faster, Stronger: The Benefits of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer and Materials Science." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030447.

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Анотація:

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent an emergent class of green designer solvents that find numerous applications in different aspects of chemical synthesis. A particularly appealing aspect of DES systems is their simplicity of preparation, combined with inexpensive, readily available starting materials to yield solvents with appealing properties (negligible volatility, non-flammability and high solvation capacity). In the context of polymer science, DES systems not only offer an appealing route towards replacing hazardous volatile organic solvents (VOCs), but can serve multiple roles including those of solvent, monomer and templating agent—so called “polymerizable eutectics.” In this review, we look at DES systems and polymerizable eutectics and their application in polymer materials synthesis, including various mechanisms of polymer formation, hydrogel design, porous monoliths, and molecularly imprinted polymers. We provide a comparative study of these systems alongside traditional synthetic approaches, highlighting not only the benefit of replacing VOCs from the perspective of environmental sustainability, but also the materials advantage with respect to mechanical and thermal properties of the polymers formed.

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7

Pramanik, Titas, Ashish Anand, Janaky Sunil, Anjana Joseph, Chandrabhas Narayana, Somnath Dutta, and Tayur N. Guru Row. "Organic eutectics: characterization, microstructural evolution and properties." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, a2 (August 14, 2021): C121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767321095593.

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8

Rai, U. S., and H. Shekhar. "Some physicochemical studies on binary organic eutectics." Thermochimica Acta 175, no. 2 (March 1991): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)80068-t.

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9

Rai, U. S., and Santhi George. "A physicochemical study on organic eutectics and addition compound; benzidine–pyrogallol system." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 2869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-366.

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Анотація:

The phase diagrams of the binary organic system of benzidine–pyrogallol was determined by the thaw–melt method. The solidification behaviour of the pure components, their eutectics, and the addition compound were studied by measuring the movement of growth front in a capillary. From the data on X-ray diffraction, thermal and microscopic investigations it can be inferred that the eutectics are not simple mechanical mixtures of the components involved. The IR and NMR spectral investigations were carried out to throw light on the nature of bonding between the two components forming the addition compound.

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10

Alhadid, Ahmad, Liudmila Mokrushina, and Mirjana Minceva. "Design of Deep Eutectic Systems: A Simple Approach for Preselecting Eutectic Mixture Constituents." Molecules 25, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051077.

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Анотація:

Eutectic systems offer a wide range of new (green) designer solvents for diverse applications. However, due to the large pool of possible compounds, selecting compounds that form eutectic systems is not straightforward. In this study, a simple approach for preselecting possible candidates from a pool of substances sharing the same chemical functionality was presented. First, the melting entropy of single compounds was correlated with their molecular structure to calculate their melting enthalpy. Subsequently, the eutectic temperature of the screened binary systems was qualitatively predicted, and the systems were ordered according to the depth of the eutectic temperature. The approach was demonstrated for six hydrophobic eutectic systems composed of L-menthol and monocarboxylic acids with linear and cyclic structures. It was found that the melting entropy of compounds sharing the same functionality could be well correlated with their molecular structures. As a result, when the two acids had a similar melting temperature, the melting enthalpy of a rigid acid was found to be lower than that of a flexible acid. It was demonstrated that compounds with more rigid molecular structures could form deeper eutectics. The proposed approach could decrease the experimental efforts required to design deep eutectic solvents, particularly when the melting enthalpy of pure components is not available.

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11

Rai, U. S., and K. D. Mandal. "Solidification Behaviour of Organic Eutectics and Addition Compounds." Materials Science Forum 50 (January 1991): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.50.117.

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12

Rai, U. S., K. D. Mandal, and N. P. Singh. "Thermochemical studies on organic eutectics and molecular complexes." Journal of Thermal Analysis 35, no. 5 (September 1989): 1687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01912943.

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13

Sharma, Krishna, Prakash Ghimire, and Umesh Neupane. "Solid-Liquid Equilibrium Study for Binary System Forming Intermolecular Compound: Phase Diagram, Thermal, Physicochemical and Powder XRD study." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 43, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46956.

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Анотація:

The phase diagram study of the binary organic system has been investigated by the thaw melt method using 4-hydroxy- 3 methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) and 4-nitroaniline (NA). The temperature-composition plot showed that the intermolecular compound (IMC) has formed at 1:1 molar ratio with two eutectics on either side of IMC. The melting points of eutectics and IMC along with parents are verified by the DSC method. The different phases of the systems which are in equilibrium and their physicochemical properties are estimated using the enthalpy of fusion values obtained from DSC. The higher melting temperature of IMC suggested the formation of Schiff base during homogenization process. The new and moderately sharp Bragg’s peaks at specific 2θ values found in the diffractogram of IMC revealed the novelty and crystalline nature of IMC while repeated peaks in the diffractogram of eutectics suggest the mechanical mixture of eutectics

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14

Rai, U. S., and R. N. Rai. "Some Physicochemical Studies on Organic Eutectics and Molecular Complex: Urea – p-nitrophenol System." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 4 (April 1999): 1299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0177.

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The phase diagram of urea–p-nitrophenol system, in the form of a temperature-composition curve, shows the formation of a 1: 1 molecular complex surrounded by two eutectics containing 0.216 and 0.777 mole fraction of p-nitrophenol. Data on growth velocity (v), obtained by measuring the rate of movement of the interface at different undercoolings (ΔT), suggest that they obey the Hillig–Turnbull equation, i.e., v = u (ΔT)n, where u and n are constants depending on the nature of materials involved. From the heat of fusion values, determined by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method, heat of mixing, entropy of fusion, roughness parameter, interfacial energy, radius of the critical nucleus, and the excess thermodynamic functions were calculated. While the x-ray diffraction data show that the eutectics are not mechanical mixtures of the components under investigation, the microstructural investigations give their characteristic features.

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15

Rai, U. S., Manjeet Singh, and R. N. Rai. "Some physicochemical studies on organic eutectics and inter-molecular compounds." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 130, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6429-7.

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16

Gupta, R. K., and R. A. Singh. "Thermochemical and microstructural studies on binary organic eutectics and complexes." Journal of Crystal Growth 267, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.03.025.

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17

Reddi, R. S. B., V. S. A. Kumar Satuluri, and R. N. Rai. "Solid–liquid equilibrium, thermal and physicochemical studies of organic eutectics." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 107, no. 1 (May 21, 2011): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1634-2.

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18

Rai, U. S., and R. N. Rai. "Some Physicochemical Studies on Organic Analog of Metal-Nonmetal Eutectics." Crystal Research and Technology 32, no. 6 (1997): 821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170320614.

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19

Rai, U. S., and K. D. Mandal. "Some Physicochemical Studies on Organic Eutectics and 1:2 Addition Compounds." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 182, no. 1 (May 1, 1990): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268949008035768.

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20

Chapman, Robert D., and John W. Fronabarger. "A Convenient Correlation for Prediction of Binary Eutectics Involving Organic Explosives." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 23, no. 1 (February 1998): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4087(199802)23:1<50::aid-prep50>3.0.co;2-e.

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21

Kaur, Ramanpreet, Raj Gautam, Suryanarayan Cherukuvada, and Tayur N. Guru Row. "Do carboximide–carboxylic acid combinations form co-crystals? The role of hydroxyl substitution on the formation of co-crystals and eutectics." IUCrJ 2, no. 3 (April 10, 2015): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252515002651.

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Анотація:

Carboxylic acids, amides and imides are key organic systems which provide understanding of molecular recognition and binding phenomena important in biological and pharmaceutical settings. In this context, studies of their mutual interactions and compatibility through co-crystallization may pave the way for greater understanding and new applications of their combinations. Extensive co-crystallization studies are available for carboxylic acid/amide combinations, but only a few examples of carboxylic acid/imide co-crystals are currently observed in the literature. The non-formation of co-crystals for carboxylic acid/imide combinations has previously been rationalized, based on steric and computed stability factors. In the light of the growing awareness of eutectic mixtures as an alternative outcome in co-crystallization experiments, the nature of various benzoic acid/cyclic imide combinations is established in this paper. Since an additional functional group can provide sites for new intermolecular interactions and, potentially, promote supramolecular growth into a co-crystal, benzoic acids decorated with one or more hydroxyl groups have been systematically screened for co-crystallization with one unsaturated and two saturated cyclic imides. The facile formation of an abundant number of hydroxybenzoic acid/cyclic carboximide co-crystals is reported, including polymorphic and variable stoichiometry co-crystals. In the cases where co-crystals did not form, the combinations are shown invariably to result in eutectics. The presence or absence and geometric disposition of hydroxyl functionality on benzoic acid is thus found to drive the formation of co-crystals or eutectics for the studied carboxylic acid/imide combinations.

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22

Dorset, Douglas L. "Crystal structure of lamellar paraffin eutectics." Macromolecules 19, no. 12 (December 1986): 2965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00166a015.

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23

Dolotko, Oleksandr, Jerzy W. Wiench, Kevin W. Dennis, Vitalij K. Pecharsky, and Viktor P. Balema. "Mechanically induced reactions in organic solids: liquid eutectics or solid-state processes?" New J. Chem. 34, no. 1 (2010): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b9nj00588a.

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24

Rai, U. S., and H. Shekhar. "Chemistry of Binary Organic Eutectics and Molecular Complexes: Phenanthrenem. Nitrobenzoic Acid System." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 220, no. 1 (September 1992): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259208033442.

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25

Rai, U. S., and H. Shekhar. "Chemistry of organic eutectics: Phenanthrene — benzoic acid and phenanthrene — cinnamic acid systems." Crystal Research and Technology 25, no. 7 (July 1990): 771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170250708.

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26

Rai, U. S., and Santhi George. "Some Physicochemical Studies on Binary Organic Eutectics and 1:2 Molecular Complexes." Crystal Research and Technology 26, no. 4 (1991): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170260426.

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27

Dorset, Douglas L., James Hanlon, and Gail Karet. "Epitaxy and structure of paraffin-diluent eutectics." Macromolecules 22, no. 5 (September 1989): 2169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00195a029.

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28

Rai, U. S., and K. D. Mandal. "Chemistry of organic eutectics and 1:1 addition compound: p-phenylenediamine-catechol system." Thermochimica Acta 138, no. 2 (February 1989): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(89)87258-2.

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29

Rai, U. S., and Pinky Pandey. "Solidification behaviour of binary organic eutectics and monotectics; 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene–m-aminophenol system." Materials Letters 39, no. 3 (May 1999): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(98)00235-3.

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30

Kaul, Michael J., Diab Qadah, Victoria Mandella, and Mark L. Dietz. "Systematic evaluation of hydrophobic deep-melting eutectics as alternative solvents for the extraction of organic solutes from aqueous solution." RSC Advances 9, no. 28 (2019): 15798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01596e.

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31

Pandey, Saurabh, Abhishek Anand, Dharam Buddhi, and Atul Sharma. "Development and thermophysical analysis of binary eutectics phase change materials for solar drying application." F1000Research 11 (November 9, 2022): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127268.1.

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Анотація:

Background: In the past 30–40 years, conflicts over limited conventional energy sources and the negative climate change caused by them have attracted researchers and analysts to new, clean, and green energy technologies. Thereby reducing the consumption of conventional fuel and the negative impact on the climate. The production of alternative energy in the form of thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) is one of the techniques that not only reduces the gap between the supply and demand of energy but also increases the stability of the energy supply. The tendency of PCMs to melt and solidify over a wide temperature range makes them more attractive for use in many applications. The effective and efficient storage of solar energy by PCM has the potential to significantly advance the use of renewable energy. Methods: Organic non-paraffin compound beeswax (BW) mixed with other non-paraffin compounds stearic acid (SA), Palmitic acid (PA), Myristic acid (MA), and Lauric acid (LA) in different compositions with the help of magnetic stirrer at 50–60°C for 3–4 hours to prepare BWSA, BWPA, BWMA, and BWLA eutectic PCM. Results: Prepared eutectics melt and solidify in the temperature range 36–56°C and with latent heat in the range of 155–211 kJ/Kg. Conclusions: Due to suitable temperature and good latent heat storage range, it is a good choice as thermal energy storage, for solar drying applications.

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32

Rai, U. S., and K. D. Mandal. "Solidification behaviour of organic eutectics and 1:1 addition compound: p-Phenylenediamine-resorcinol system." Crystal Research and Technology 23, no. 7 (July 1988): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170230706.

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33

Rai, U. S., та Santhi George. "Some physicochemical studies on organic eutectics and 1:2 addition compound; benzidine-β-naphthol system". Thermochimica Acta 191, № 2 (грудень 1991): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87219-m.

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34

Rai, U. S., та Santhi George. "Physicochemical studies on organic eutectics and the 1:1 addition compound: benzidine-α-naphthol system". Journal of Materials Science 27, № 3 (лютий 1992): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02403884.

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35

Adeel Hassan, Hafiz Muhammad, and Ivar Lund. "Inorganic PCMs applications in passive cooling of buildings - A review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012103.

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Анотація:

Abstract Buildings consume around 40% of total world energy and are responsible for 30-35% greenhouse gas emissions globally. Latent heat thermal energy storage is one of the most promising techniques being investigated currently to reduce the thermal load of buildings. Different types of phase change materials (PCMs) i.e. organic, inorganic and eutectics with different thermophysical properties have been investigated for passive cooling of buildings showing great potential for saving energy. Due to their higher thermal conductivity and high heat storage capacity per unit volume, inorganic phase change materials take advantage over organic ones. They can be used as stand-alone heat storage systems for free cooling, embedded in building walls, windows, roofs and ceilings etc. Studies have shown that there are some drawbacks of inorganic PCMs as well like corrosion of container material, phase separation and supercooling which require solutions.

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36

Rai, U. S., and R. N. Rai. "Chemistry and characterization of binary organic eutectics and molecular complexes. The urea-m-nitrobenzoic acid system." Materials Letters 34, no. 1-2 (February 1998): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(97)00147-x.

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37

Rai, U. S. "Some physicochemical studies on binary organic eutectics and 1:1 addition compound; benzidine-p-nitrophenol system." Journal of Crystal Growth 144, no. 3-4 (December 1994): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(94)90469-3.

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38

Corset, D. L. "Crystal Structure Analysis of Organic Solid Solutions and Eutectics in the Electron Microscope: Paraffins, Polymers and Lipids." Solid State Phenomena 5 (January 1989): 185–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.5.185.

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39

Fernandes, Richard Perosa, Ana Carina Sobral de Carvalho, Bruno Ekawa, Andre Luiz Soares Carneiro do Nascimento, Andressa Maria Pironi, Marlus Chorilli, and Flávio Junior Caires. "Synthesis and characterization of meloxicam eutectics with mandelic acid and saccharin for enhanced solubility." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 46, no. 7 (June 12, 2020): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2020.1775633.

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40

Cysewski, Piotr, Tomasz Jeliński, Patryk Cymerman, and Maciej Przybyłek. "Solvent Screening for Solubility Enhancement of Theophylline in Neat, Binary and Ternary NADES Solvents: New Measurements and Ensemble Machine Learning." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147347.

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Анотація:

Theophylline, a typical representative of active pharmaceutical ingredients, was selected to study the characteristics of experimental and theoretical solubility measured at 25 °C in a broad range of solvents, including neat, binary mixtures and ternary natural deep eutectics (NADES) prepared with choline chloride, polyols and water. There was a strong synergistic effect of organic solvents mixed with water, and among the experimentally studied binary systems, the one containing DMSO with water in unimolar proportions was found to be the most effective in theophylline dissolution. Likewise, for NADES, the addition of water (0.2 molar fraction) resulted in increased solubility compared to pure eutectics, with the highest solubilisation potential offered by the composition of choline chloride with glycerol. The ensemble of Statistica Automated Neural Networks (SANNs) developed using intermolecular interactions in pure systems has been found to be a very accurate model for solubility computations. This machine learning protocol was also applied as an extensive screening for potential solvents with higher solubility of theophylline. Such solvents were identified in all three subgroups, including neat solvents, binary mixtures and ternary NADES systems. Some methodological considerations of SANNs applications for future modelling were also provided. Although the developed protocol is focused exclusively on theophylline solubility, it also has general importance and can be used for the development of predictive models adequate for solvent screening of other compounds in a variety of systems. Formulation of such a model offers rational guidance for the selection of proper candidates as solubilisers in the designed solvents screening.

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41

Zhang, W. P., and D. L. Dorset. "Direct lattice imaging of domain boundaries in N-paraffin binary eutectics formed from the vapor phase." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 702–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155487.

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In the past few years, we have been studying the crystal structures of binary paraffin solids in the continuum of states from the stable solid solution through the eutectoid to the fully fractionated eutectic. While electron diffraction data have been very useful to detect microstructures, direct lattice images are needed to depict domain separation.As an example of an eutectic, C30H62/C40H82 thin films were prepared epitaxially on the (100) cleavage face of KCl substrates kept at room temperature under a vacuum of 10−5 torr using the method described by Ueda and Ashida and in our study of palmitone. The specimens were annealed at 40°C for 2 hours. To enhance the phase contrast of lattice images, no carbon films were evaporated onto the organic crystals. After solvating the KCl substrate in pure water, the thin films were collected on holey-carbon coated copper grids for high-resolution study. The thin crystals were examined with a JEOL JEM-100CX electron microscope at 100 kV, and lattice images were taken on Kodak DEF-5 X-ray films at a direct magnification of 19,000X. A minimum dose system was used to reduce the radiation damage during observation.

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42

Singh, N. P., B. M. Shukla, Namwar Singh, and Narsingh Bahadur Singh. "Structure of melts in binary organic eutectics and molecular complexes. Phenanthrene-picric acid and anthracene-picric acid systems." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 30, no. 1 (January 1985): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00039a016.

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43

Matsumoto, Shogen, Shunsuke Kurosawa, Daisaku Yokoe, Teiichi Kimura, and Akihiko Ito. "Growth and scintillation properties of Ce 3+:LuAG–Al2O3 chemically deposited eutectics." Optical Materials 138 (April 2023): 113674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2023.113674.

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44

Ahmad, Naveed, Xingyu Lin, Xiaoxiao Wang, Jian Xu, and Xia Xu. "Understanding the CO2 capture performance by MDEA-based deep eutectics solvents with excellent cyclic capacity." Fuel 293 (June 2021): 120466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120466.

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45

Sudheer, R., and K. Narayan Prabhu. "Characterization of Metal-PCMs for Thermal Energy Storage Applications." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.505.

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In recent years phase change materials have emerged to be ideal energy storage materials for their higher energy density over sensible heat storing materials. Use of phase change materials (PCM) have been successfully implemented at lower temperature applications with various organic compounds. On the other hand, high temperature applications have been solely dominated by various salts, their eutectics and mixtures as phase change materials. This work discusses the suitability of metals and alloys for thermal energy storage applications as the phase change material. Metals offer superior thermal conductivities with considerable energy density compared to salts. Here, two alloys namely, Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu (SAC) solidifying over 212-224°C and ZA8 (Zn-8%Al) solidifying over 378-405°C have been studied. Thermal analysis of PCMs using Computer Aided Cooling Curve Analysis (CA-CCA) and DSC technique were performed to predict the solidification path. In addition to this, Newtonian technique was employed to estimate the latent heat of fusion for these phase change materials. Cooling rate curves and Fraction Solid curves offered a better insight into their ability to receive and discharge heat over the concerned temperature range.

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46

Alkhawaja, Bayan, Faisal Al-Akayleh, Ashraf Al-Khateeb, Jehad Nasereddin, Bayan Y. Ghanim, Albert Bolhuis, Nisrein Jaber, Mayyas Al-Remawi, and Nidal A. Qinna. "Deep Eutectic Liquids as a Topical Vehicle for Tadalafil: Characterisation and Potential Wound Healing and Antimicrobial Activity." Molecules 28, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052402.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ionic liquids (ILs) offer novel opportunities for several pharmaceutical applications. Their tunable properties offer control over their design and applications. Choline chloride (CC)-based DESs (referred to as Type III eutectics) offer superior advantages for various pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications. Here, CC-based DESs of tadalafil (TDF), a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) enzyme inhibitor, were designed for implementation in wound healing. The adopted approach provides formulations for the topical application of TDF, hence avoiding systemic exposure. To this end, the DESs were chosen based on their suitability for topical application. Then, DES formulations of TDF were prepared, yielding a tremendous increase in the equilibrium solubility of TDF. Lidocaine (LDC) was included in the formulation with TDF to provide a local anaesthetic effect, forming F01. The addition of propylene glycol (PG) to the formulation was attempted to reduce the viscosity, forming F02. The formulations were fully characterised using NMR, FTIR and DCS techniques. According to the obtained characterisation results, the drugs were soluble in the DES with no detectable degradation. Our results demonstrated the utility of F01 in wound healing in vivo using cut wound and burn wound models. Significant retraction of the cut wound area was observed within three weeks of the application of F01 when compared with DES. Furthermore, the utilisation of F01 resulted in less scarring of the burn wounds than any other group including the positive control, thus rendering it a candidate formula for burn dressing formulations. We demonstrated that the slower healing process associated with F01 resulted in less scarring potential. Lastly, the antimicrobial activity of the DES formulations was demonstrated against a panel of fungi and bacterial strains, thus providing a unique wound healing process via simultaneous prevention of wound infection. In conclusion, this work presents the design and application of a topical vehicle for TDF with novel biomedical applications.

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47

Saeed, Zeinab M., Bhausaheb Dhokale, Abeer F. Shunnar, Wegood M. Awad, Hector H. Hernandez, Panče Naumov, and Sharmarke Mohamed. "Crystal Engineering of Binary Organic Eutectics: Significant Improvement in the Physicochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via the Computational and Mechanochemical Discovery of Composite Materials." Crystal Growth & Design 21, no. 7 (June 15, 2021): 4151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00420.

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48

BRUNET, L., J. CAILLARD, and P. ANDRÉ. "THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATION OF n-COMPONENT EUTECTIC MIXTURES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 15, no. 05 (June 2004): 675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183104006121.

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This paper presents a simple numerical method to calculate the eutectic mixture composition and melting temperature. Using a Newton–Raphson method to solve the nonlinear problem, the calculation is possible for n-component eutectic. We tested this algorithm on inorganic and organic mixtures. A better correlation between experimental and numerical results has been found for organic compound.

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49

Podolinsky, V. V., Yu N. Taran, and V. G. Drykin. "Eutectic solidification in organic systems." Journal of Crystal Growth 74, no. 1 (January 1986): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(86)90248-4.

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50

Thakur, Ajay, Monika Verma, Ruchi Bharti, and Renu Sharma. "Recent Advances in Utilization of Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Environmentally Friendly Pathway for Multi-component Synthesis." Current Organic Chemistry 26, no. 3 (February 2022): 299–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272826666220126165925.

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Abstract: With the increasing analysis of saving the environment, the researchers demonstrated much effort to replace toxic chemicals with environmentally benign ones. Eutectic mixtures are those solvents that fulfill the criteria of green solvents. The synthesis of organic compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries makes it necessary to find unconventional solvents that cause no harmful impact on health parameters. This review showed that using deep eutectic mixture-based solvents to overcome the hazardous effects of harmful volatile organic solvents over the past few years has gained much more appeal. In most applications, deep eutectic mixtures are used for a solvent or co-solvent role, as they are easy to use, easy dissolution of reactants, and non-evaporative nature. However, deep eutectic mixtures have also been investigated as catalysts, and this dual functionality has much scope in the future, as a significantly less range of deep eutectic mixtures is utilized for this.

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