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1
Song, Chunyan, Xiaohui Wang, Xueying Xie, Jingang Zhao, Nan Zhang, and Zhenqi Gu. "Study on the Electrochemical Technology and Nanotechnology of Composite Electrode Used as An Alternative to Ultraviolet Light." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Advanced oxidation technology has the advantage of being able to efficiently degrade refractory organics, and plays an important role in the treatment of industrial organic wastewater. The article analyses its role in the purification of organic wastewater by the electrochemical method of polymer composite nano-titanium dioxide. The oxygen evolution potential of the nano titanium dioxide electrode is up to 2.8V, showing excellent electrochemical performance. Didache, Si/BDD, Nb/BDD, It/BDD electrodes and surface-modified BDD electrodes can generate strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals on the surface of the electrodes, which are organic to phenols, dyes, pesticides, and surfactants. The degradability of wastewater is strong. Nano-titanium dioxide electrodes can degrade a variety of organic matter, with a current efficiency of >90%, and can completely mineralize organic matter. Nano-titanium dioxide electrodes have good application prospects in organic wastewater treatment.
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Li, Xiang, Yan Wang, Linze Lv, Guobin Zhu, Qunting Qu, and Honghe Zheng. "Electroactive organics as promising anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion and sodium ion batteries." Energy Materials 2, no. 2 (2022): 200014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electroactive organics have attracted significant attention as electrode materials for next-generation rechargeable batteries because of their structural diversity, molecular adjustability, abundance, flexibility, environmental friendliness and low cost. To date, a large number of organic materials have been applied in a variety of energy storage devices. However, the inherent problems of organic materials, such as their dissolution in electrolytes and low electronic conductivity, have restricted the development of organic electrodes. In order to solve these problems, many groups have carried out research and remarkable progress has been made. Nevertheless, most reviews of organic electrodes have focused on the positive electrode rather than the negative electrode. This review first provides an overview of the recent work on organic anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries. Six categories of organic anodes are summarized and discussed. Many of the key factors that influence the electrochemical performance of organic anodes are highlighted and their prospects and remaining challenges are evaluated.
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Velasco-Medina, Carlos, Patricio J. Espinoza-Montero, Marjorie Montero-Jimenez, José Alvarado, Mónica Jadán, Patricio Carrera, and Lenys Fernandez. "Development and Evaluation of Copper Electrodes, Modified with Bimetallic Nanoparticles, to be Used as Sensors of Cysteine-Rich Peptides Synthesized by Tobacco Cells Exposed to Cytotoxic Levels of Cadmium." Molecules 24, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122200.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We report on two new electrochemical sensors which, coupled to differential pulse voltammetry, constitutes a useful tool for diagnosis of heavy metal pollution. The electrochemical sensors AgHgNf/Cu and the AgBiNf/Cu were obtained by deposition of bimetallic particles of AgHg or AgBi on copper electrodes covered with a Nafion (Nf) film, respectively. Micrographs of the electrode’s surface showed evenly scattered bimetallic particles, with an approximate diameter of 150 nm, embedded in the Nafion (Nf) film. In order to test the electrodes, the hydrogen evolution signal according to the Brdička reaction was measured for the determination of cysteine-rich peptides (CRp) produced by plants. To check the accuracy of the electrodes, real samples of Nicotiana tabacum cells exposed to cytotoxic levels of cadmium were tested. The AgHgNf/Cu electrode produced detection limits (DLs) of 0.088 µmol L−1 for Cysteine and 0.139µmol L−1 for Glutathione, while for the AgBiNf/Cu electrode DLs were 0.41 µmol L−1 for cysteine and 0.244 µmol L−1 for glutathione. Thus, the new electrodes could be a useful analytical electrochemical system very convenient for fieldwork. The electrodes were capable of direct, accurate, and sensitive detection of synthesized peptides, despite the complex matrix where the Nicotiana tabacum cells were grown.
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Kim, Sung Jin, Hyeon Jun Lee, Sung Kyu Kim, Chae Ryong Cho, and Se Young Jeong. "A Study on Spin Injection of Ferromagnetic Electrode for OLED Application." Advances in Science and Technology 52 (October 2006): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.52.98.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have investigated the magnetic effect on the electrical properties of Al and Ni electrode based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The Ni electrode-based OLEDs were compared to Al-based OLEDs in terms of their applied magnetic fields (0.3 T). We found that for current density-voltage on Al and Ni electrodes for OLEDs, Ni electrodes can be applied to OLEDs. The value of magneto-impedance or the resistance ratio decreased in comparison to situations with the absence of a magnetic field. The magneto-impedance or resistance effect indicated that the spin polarization was preserved through the organic layer. We found that the frequency response of magneto-impedance decreased the external magnetic field at room temperature. Electrical characterizations of the OLEDs with spin-polarized electrodes indicated the applicability of the ferromagnetic electrodes to organic light-emitting devices.
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Erdoğdu, Gamze. "Electrochemical Detection of Epinephrine at Organic Conducting Polymers Electrodes." Sensor Letters 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a rapid and sensitive modified electrode for the determination of Epinephrine (EP) is proposed. In this study, active compound EP was determined from commercial drug form based on electrochemical oxidation properties at various electrodes by voltammetric methods. Electrodes modified by the electrodeposition of conducting organic polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene, PMT), polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PAN) were used as chemical sensors for voltammetric analysis and flow injection detection of EP. The electrochemical behavior of EP at conducting polymer electrodes was compared and the effects on behavior of electrolyte type and its pH and the film thickness were systematically examined. The results showed that the proposed modified surface catalyzes the oxidation of EP. Electrocatalytic efficiency decreases in order of PMT > PPY > PAN. Voltammetric peak positions were affected by the nature of the electrolyte and its pH. Also, the effect of increasing film thickness was to observe increased peak heights for oxidation potential of EP. The best results for the determination of EP were obtained by DPV in Na2SO4 (pH 2.0) and PMT electrodes. Polymer coated electrodes were also used in an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis of EP. The responses of the polymer electrode were 5–15 times larger as compared to those of bare platinum. PMT showed improved performance as an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis systems over other types of polymer electrodes. Detection limits as low as 1× 10–9 M were achieved using the PMT, compared to 1 × 10–6 M using platinum electrodes.
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Hamzah, Hairul Hisham, Nur Hidayah Saleh, Bhavik Anil Patel, Mohd Muzamir Mahat, Saiful Arifin Shafiee, and Turgut Sönmez. "Recycling Chocolate Aluminum Wrapping Foil as to Create Electrochemical Metal Strip Electrodes." Molecules 26, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of low-cost electrode devices from conductive materials has recently attracted considerable attention as a sustainable means to replace the existing commercially available electrodes. In this study, two different electrode surfaces (surfaces 1 and 2, denoted as S1 and S2) were fabricated from chocolate wrapping aluminum foils. Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to investigate the elemental composition and surface morphology of the prepared electrodes. Meanwhile, cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to assess the electrical conductivities and the electrochemical activities of the prepared electrodes. It was found that the fabricated electrode strips, particularly the S1 electrode, showed good electrochemical responses and conductivity properties in phosphate buffer (PB) solutions. Interestingly, both of the electrodes can respond to the ruthenium hexamine (Ruhex) redox species. The fundamental results presented from this study indicate that this electrode material can be an inexpensive alternative for the electrode substrate. Overall, our findings indicate that electrodes made from chocolate wrapping materials have promise as electrochemical sensors and can be utilized in various applications.
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Joester, Derk, Andrew Hillier, Yi Zhang, and Ty J. Prosa. "Organic Materials and Organic/Inorganic Heterostructures in Atom Probe Tomography." Microscopy Today 20, no. 3 (May 2012): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929512000260.
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Nano-scale organic/inorganic interfaces are key to a wide range of materials. In many biominerals, for instance bone or teeth, outstanding fracture toughness and wear resistance can be attributed to buried organic/inorganic interfaces. Organic/inorganic interfaces at very small length scales are becoming increasingly important also in nano and electronic materials. For example, functionalized inorganic nanomaterials have great potential in biomedicine or sensing applications. Thin organic films are used to increase the conductivity of LiFePO4 electrodes in lithium ion batteries, and solid electrode interphases (SEI) form by uncontrolled electrolyte decomposition. Organics play a key role in dye-sensitized solar cells, organic photovoltaics, and nano-dielectrics for organic field-effect transistors. The interface between oxide semiconductors and polymer substrates is critical in emergent applications, for example, flexible displays.
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Li, Rong Bin, and Bin Yuan Zhao. "Electrocatalytic Behaviour of Diamond Electrode for Organic Compound." Advances in Science and Technology 48 (October 2006): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.48.169.
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The electrochemical behavior of a boron-doped diamond film electrode prepared by chemical vapor deposition was studied. The surface microstructure of the electrode was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical behavior of the electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and AC Impedance. The diamond films exhibited a “cauliflower-like” morphology and contained microcrystallites. The results showed the electrode having a very wide potential window and very low background current. The potential windows in acidic, neutral or alkaline medium were respectively 4.4[V], 4.0[V] and 3.0[V]. The background current was as low as -8×10-6～5×10-7[A]. In the electrolyte including Ferri/Ferrocyanide, the electrode surface kept good activity, and the electrochemical reaction occurring on the surface was a diffusion-controlled reaction, with good quasi- reversibility. Compared with Pt and graphite electrodes, diamond electrodes can oxidize compounds like phenol effectively, and the process of oxidization was very simple and complete.
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Vėbraitė, Ieva, Moshe David-Pur, David Rand, Eric Daniel Głowacki, and Yael Hanein. "Electrophysiological investigation of intact retina with soft printed organic neural interface." Journal of Neural Engineering 18, no. 6 (November 19, 2021): 066017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac36ab.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objective. Understanding how the retina converts a natural image or an electrically stimulated one into neural firing patterns is the focus of on-going research activities. Ex vivo, the retina can be readily investigated using multi electrode arrays (MEAs). However, MEA recording and stimulation from an intact retina (in the eye) has been so far insufficient. Approach. In the present study, we report new soft carbon electrode arrays suitable for recording and stimulating neural activity in an intact retina. Screen-printing of carbon ink on 20 µm polyurethane (PU) film was used to realize electrode arrays with electrodes as small as 40 µm in diameter. Passivation was achieved with a holey membrane, realized using laser drilling in a thin (50 µm) PU film. Plasma polymerized 3.4-ethylenedioxythiophene was used to coat the electrode array to improve the electrode specific capacitance. Chick retinas, embryonic stage day 13, both explanted and intact inside an enucleated eye, were used. Main results. A novel fabrication process based on printed carbon electrodes was developed and yielded high capacitance electrodes on a soft substrate. Ex vivo electrical recording of retina activity with carbon electrodes is demonstrated. With the addition of organic photo-capacitors, simultaneous photo-electrical stimulation and electrical recording was achieved. Finally, electrical activity recordings from an intact chick retina (inside enucleated eyes) were demonstrated. Both photosensitive retinal ganglion cell responses and spontaneous retina waves were recorded and their features analyzed. Significance. Results of this study demonstrated soft electrode arrays with unique properties, suitable for simultaneous recording and photo-electrical stimulation of the retina at high fidelity. This novel electrode technology opens up new frontiers in the study of neural tissue in vivo.
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Wójcik, Szymon, and Małgorzata Jakubowska. "Optimization of anethole determination using differential pulse voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode, boron doped diamond electrode and carbon paste electrode." Science, Technology and Innovation 3, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Voltammetry is the general term for all techniques in which the current is measured as a function of electrode potential. The voltammetric techniques can be applied for the quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic species and are best suited for substances which can be either oxidized or reduced on electrodes. These techniques are characterized by high sensitivity which results in the possibility of performing determinations at a low concentration level. In voltammetry, many different types of working electrodes are applied. One of the important groups are solid electrodes, among which carbon electrodes play an important role. They represent a good alternative to mercury electrodes, however, surface preparation before the usage is required. In this work anethole determination will be presented using three types of carbon electrodes: glassy carbon electrode, boron doped diamond electrode and carbon paste electrode. Optimization process will be also described.
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Mahdavi, Behzad, Przemyslaw Los, Marie Josée Lessard, and Jean Lessard. "A comparison of nickel boride and Raney nickel electrode activity in the electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Phenanthrene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 2268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The electrocatalytic activity of nickel boride in the electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of phenanthrene in ethylene glycol–water at 80 °C has been compared to that of Raney nickel and fractal nickel. The intrinsic activity of the electrode material (real electrode activity) is the same for nickel boride and Raney nickel electrodes and is lower for fractal nickel electrodes. The apparent electrode activity of nickel boride pressed powder electrodes (Ni2B electrodes) is less than that of codeposited Raney nickel (RaNi) electrodes and pressed powder fractal nickel/Raney nickel (Ni/RaNi = 50/50 to 0/100) electrodes. The apparent activity of Ni2B electrodes is improved by adding sodium chloride to the powder and dissolving it after pressing (Ni2B–NaCl electrodes). The Ni2B–NaCl electrodes have the same apparent activity as codeposited RaNi and pressed powder Ni/RaNi (20/80 to 0/100) electrodes. The apparent and real electrode activity of Ni/RaNi electrodes increases with the RaNi content up to a 20/80 ratio. The Tafel and alternating current (ac) impedance parameters were determined for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide at 25 °C at nickel boride and at codeposited RaNi electrodes. The intrinsic electrocatalytic activity for HER, expressed by the ratio of the exchange current density over the roughness factor (I0/R), is similar for Ni2B, Ni2–NaCl, and codeposited RaNi electrodes. Surface characterization of Ni2B and Ni2B–NaCl electrodes was carried out by BET, ac impedance, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury porosimetry. No direct relation between the apparent electrode activity in ECH and the surface measured by BET and ac impedance was found. The ac impedance measurements were also carried out in the presence of sodium trans-cinnamate.
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Macedo, A. G., C. E. Cava, C. D. Canestraro, L. Contini, and L. S. Roman. "Morphology Dependence on Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Film Thickness Studied with Atomic Force Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 11, S03 (December 2005): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927605051032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tin oxide (TO) or fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) has been frequently used as a transparent electrode in our organic opto-electronic devices [1-3]. In general, these devices are fabricated in a sandwich structure where an organic thin layer (approx. 100nm thick) stays between two conducting electrodes, TO or FTO and Al. Due to higher conductivity FTO is normally our choice. The morphology of the electrodes influences the morphology of the organic layer, mainly when the deposition of the organic layer is done electrochemically.
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Wang, Zhengyun, Yanyu Zhong, Chenhuinan Wei, Lipei Jiang, and Hongfang Liu. "Review—Metal-Organic Framework-Based Supercapacitors." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 010516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac4841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Supercapacitors as a class of energy storage devices possess high power density, outstanding reversibility and long cycle life. The development of innovative electrode materials and unconventional configurations determine the successful operation of supercapacitors. Owing to controllable porous structure and unique electrochemical behavior, great efforts have been devoted to designing and fabricating innovative metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based supercapacitors. In this review, recent developments in MOFs related supercapacitors electrodes are summarized. Furthermore, the advances in MOFs composites for supercapactiors application including pristine MOFs, MOFs composites and MOFs-derived composites are systematically discussed by integrating charge storing principle. Finally, future prospects and opportunities in the design of MOFs related electrodes are also delineated.
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Shabalina, Anastasiia V., and Kceniya Belova. "Pure Metal Nanoparticles for Selective Electrochemical Sensor of Organic Substances." Key Engineering Materials 683 (February 2016): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.683.288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The field of application of electrochemical analysis has been significantly widened after modified electrodes appeared. Metallic nanoparticles are ones of the most common used modifiers of the electrode surface to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis. Increasing of selectivity is extremely important in cases when two or more analyts have electro-chemical signals at nearly the same values of electrode potential. Dopamine and ascorbic acid are an example of such case. In present work Au, Pt, Pd, and Ni “pure” nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation without stabilizing agents were used to modify the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. Modified electrodes were tested in solutions of ascorbic acid and dopamine at their simultaneous electro-oxidation. It was shown that Au, Pt, and Ni nanoparticles on the electrode surface increase the selectivity of analysis giving two separate peaks of analyts.
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Lee, T.-W., and J. W. P. Hsu. "Improving organic/electrode interface in organic light-emitting diodes by soft contact Iamination." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 219, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/174034905x68850.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), with few exvceptions, are fabricated in the standard way of sequentially depositing active layers and elecrodes onto a substrate. The conventional devices have ‘a detrimental layer’ at the interface between the organic and the top metal electrode because evaporation results in metal in-diffusion and chemical disruption at the metal-organic interface, Here, a different approach is introduced to construct OLEDs: soft contact lamination (SCL) is based on thysical lamination of thin metal electrodes supported by an elastomeric layer against the electrolumnescent organic layer. Thei method produces spatially homogeneous, intimate contacts via van der Waals interaction between the metal and the organic, resulting in no chemical and physical damages to the organic. Devices fabricated by SCL are shown to have no detrimental layer and fewer luminescence-quenching channels than conventional devices that have evaporated top metal electrodes.
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Kunugi, Yoshihito, Tsutomu Nonaku, Yong-Bo Chong, and Nobuatsu Watanabe. "Electro-organic reactions on organic electrodes." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 353, no. 1-2 (July 1993): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(93)80297-u.
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Kunugi, Yoshihito, Tsutomu Nonaka, Yong-Bo Chong, and Nobuatsu Watanabe. "Electro-organic reactions on organic electrodes." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 318, no. 1-2 (November 1991): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(91)85313-e.
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Kunugi, Yoshihito, Yasushi Ono, and Tsutomu Nonaka. "Electro-organic reactions on organic electrodes." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 333, no. 1-2 (July 1992): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(92)80401-o.
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Liu, Jun, Na Ren, Chao Qu, Shanfu Lu, Yan Xiang, and Dawei Liang. "Recent Advances in the Reactor Design for Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Electro-Oxidation Process." Water 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 3711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Refractory organic wastewater mainly includes wastewater from papermaking, textile, printing and dyeing, petrochemical, coking, pharmaceutical and other industries, as well as landfill leachate and its membrane-treated concentrate. The traditional biochemical method is difficult to adapt to its harsh conditions such as high toxicity, high organic load and high salinity. Compared to other methods, the electro-oxidation (EO) process owns the attractive characteristics of being clean and eco-friendly, highly efficient and producing no secondary pollution. EO systems mainly include electrodes, a reactor, a power supply and other basic units. The design of reactors with different electrodes was the key link in the application of EO technology. This paper mainly reported the different configurations of electrochemical reactors (ECRs) for refractory organic wastewater treatment, and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of them, including reactor structure, flow mode, operation mode and electrode construction. Compared with traditional reactors, the improved reactors such as 3D-ECR achieve higher mass transfer efficiency by increasing the contact area between the electrode and the fluid. Additionally, it has a higher removal rate of organics and a lower energy consumption. Finally, the future perspectives of the treatment of refractory organic wastewater by ECRs is discussed. This paper is expected to provide a reliable scientific basis for the real application of EO technology in refractory organic wastewater treatment.
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Erdoğdu, Gamze. "Voltammetric Detection of Ascorbic Acid at Organic Conducting Polymers Electrodes and Flow Injection Analysis." Energy and Environment Focus 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/eef.2023.1266.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a sensitive and rapid modified electrode for the determination of Ascorbic Acid (AA) is proposed. In this study, active compound AA was determined from commercial drug form based on electrochemical oxidation properties at various conducting polymer electrodes by voltammetric methods. Electrodes modified by the electrodeposition of conducting organic polymers such as poly(3-methylthiophene, PMT), polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PAN) were used as chemical sensors for voltammetric analysis and flow injection detection of AA. The electrochemical behavior of AA at conducting polymer electrodes was compared and the effects on behavior of electrolyte type and its pH and the film thickness were systematically examined. The results showed that the proposed modified surface catalyzes the oxidation of AA. Electrocatalytic efficiency decreases in order of PMT > PPY > PAN. Voltammetric peak positions were affected by the nature of the electrolyte and its pH. Also, the effect of increasing film thickness was to observe increased peak heights for oxidation potential of AA. The best results for the determination of AA were obtained by DPV in Na2SO4 (pH 2.0) and PMT electrodes. Polymer coated electrodes were also used in an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis of AA. The responses of the polymer electrode were 5–15 times larger as compared to those of bare platinum. PMT showed improved performance as an amperometric detector for flow injection analysis systems over other types of polymer electrodes. Detection limits as low as 1×10−9 M were achieved using the PMT, compared to 1×10−6 M using platinum electrodes.
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Fantin, L. B., D. S. Yoshikawa, E. Galego, and R. N. Faria. "Effects of Electrolyte Substitution on the Specific Capacitance and Equivalent Series Resistance of Energy Storage Electrochemical Supercapacitors." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The microstructure, chemical composition, equivalent series resistance (ESR) and specific capacitance (Cs) of supercapacitors electrodes have been investigated. Commercial activated carbon electrodes employing organic electrolyte have been tested at a potential window of 1.1 and 2.7 V. Specific capacitances were calculated from cyclic voltammetry curves at room temperature employing various scan rates (2-70 mVs-1). Internal resistances of the supercapacitors were calculated using the galvanostatic cycling curves at several current densities (10-175 mAg-1). A maximum specific capacity of 58 Fg-1 has been achieved with the organic electrolyte at a current density of 30 mAg-1 and a potential window of 2.7V. After this initial study, the organic electrolyte was removed from the electrodes by back pumping vacuum. Two new aqueous electrolytes have been substituted in the commercial electrodes for a comparison: Na2SO4 and KOH (1.0 mol.L-1). At a discharge density of 75 mAg-1, the electrodes with KOH showed a maximum specific capacitance of 53 Fg-1 whereas the Na2SO4 showed only 6 Fg-1. ESR of the electrodes with organic electrolyte and KOH were in the range of 20 Ωcm2 whereas with Na2SO4 of 14 Ωcm2. The microstructures of the electrode material have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical microanalyses employing energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). A compositional and morphological evaluation of these electrodes showed a very homogeneous structure.
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Zhang, Rui Rui, Shi Wei Lin, and Jian Jun Liao. "Charge Injection in Regioregular Poly-(3-Hexythiophene) Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Different Metal Electrodes." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Here we report on regioregular poly-(3-hexythiophene) (P3HT) organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with various metal electrodes: pristine Au, pristine Cr, and Cr/Au. Compared to the performance of OFETs using different electrodes, the OFETs with Au electrode have better mobility (μ = 0.0090 cm2/Vs) and larger current at the same source-drain voltage and gate voltage. The enhancement of the device performance with Au electrode can be attributed to a small contact resistance and a small barrier height to P3HT for hole carrier injection.
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López, M. Sánchez-Paniagua, E. López-Cabarcos, and B. López-Ruiz. "Organic phase enzyme electrodes." Biomolecular Engineering 23, no. 4 (September 2006): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioeng.2006.04.001.
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Saini, Selwayan, Geoffrey F. Hall, Mark E. A. Downs, and Anthony P. F. Turner. "Organic phase enzyme electrodes." Analytica Chimica Acta 249, no. 1 (1991): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(91)87002-o.
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Kalinichev, Andrey V., Nadezhda V. Pokhvishcheva, and Maria A. Peshkova. "Response Mechanism of Polymeric Liquid Junction-Free Reference Electrodes Based on Organic Electrolytes." Membranes 13, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To achieve a transition from conventional liquid-junction reference electrodes (LJF REs) to their all-solid-state alternatives, organic electrolytes are often introduced into the polymeric electrode membranes. In this article, we implement a theoretical approach to the explanation and quantification of the boundary potential stabilization phenomenon for the electrodes modified with organic electrolytes (Q+B−). For the first time, stabilization of the phase boundary potential due to the partition of lipophilic ions of the Q+B− electrolyte between the polymeric and aqueous phases is numerically simulated to predict the LJF electrodes behavior. The impact of the hydrophilic electrolyte on the potential stabilization is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. The developed model predicted that the small additions of a traditional ion-exchanger enhance performance of the Q+B−-based reference electrodes. For some specific cases, the optimal concentrations of Q+B− and ion-exchanger in the polymeric phase are suggested to provide stable electrode potential in a broad range of aqueous electrolyte concentrations. In addition, the efficiency of the stabilization was shown to be dependent on the overall Q+B− load in the polymeric membrane rather than on the closeness of the partition coefficients of the Q+ and B− ions; and on the volume of the aqueous phase. The model results are verified experimentally with poly(vinyl chloride) membranes containing ion-exchanger or hydrophilic electrolyte and Q+B− in various proportions. A good agreement between the measured electrode response and the theoretical results is observed in a broad range of solution concentrations. In particular, the cationic function of membranes containing KTpClPB is suppressed, and the electrodes begin to behave as REs starting from 50–60 mol. % of ETH500 electrolyte added to the membrane, relative to the total amount of salt.
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Cherif, Mohamed Ahmed, Amina Labiod, Damien Barakel, Saad Touihri, and Philippe Torchio. "Tailored ZnS/Ag/TiOx transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells." EPJ Photovoltaics 10 (2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2019004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) attract high interest for solar energy harvesting. They are based on organic thin films sandwiched between two electrodes, one of them being transparent and conductive. Nowadays, ITO remains the most widely used transparent conductive electrode (TCE) because of its excellent optical and electrical properties compared to other TCEs. However, it has some drawbacks such as scarcity of indium, high fabrication cost, and mechanical properties poorly adapted to use as flexible substrates. To keep these performances without indium, several materials can replace ITO such as MoO3, ZnO, ZnS, TiO2,… as dielectric and Ag, Cu,... as metal inside a dielectric/metal/dielectric three-layer structure. A Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) based numerical model is used to predict the optical behavior of the considered electrodes. ZnS/Ag/TiOx electrodes are manufactured by a vacuum electron beam evaporator on glass substrates, then characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer for obtaining transmittance and reflectance and by a four-point method for the measurement of sheet resistance. It is found that the simulation and experimental curves are quite similar. The transmittance is measured to be higher than 80% on a wide spectral band that can be tailored by the thickness of the upper dielectric material. The optical window Δλ, for T > 80%, can be tuned in the 400–800 nm spectral band, according to the thickness of TiOx in the 25–50 nm range. This variation allows us to adapt our electrode to organic materials in order to optimize the performance of organic solar cells. The sheet resistance obtained is around to 7 Ω/sq, which gives our electrodes the transparent and conductive character simultaneously. A typical parameter to compare the electrodes is the merit figure, which questions the average optical transmission T av in the visible range and the sheet resistance R sq. By applying this figure to many manufactured electrodes, the obtained optimal structure of our TCEs is demonstrated to be ZnS (40 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/TiOx (30 nm).
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Syahrir, Syahrir, Muh Nurdin, and La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan. "Sensor Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Berbasis TiO2/Ti Sebagai Elektroda Kerja Untuk Mendeteksi Rhodamine B." BioWallacea : Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research) 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/biowallacea.v7i1.11066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Photoelectrocatalytic degradation towards rhodamine B (RhB) organic compound has been conducted by using TiO2/Ti as the working electrode. The preparation of TiO2/Ti working electrode was conducted by using anodizing method to compare the data related to the activity of the electrodes. The results showed that TiO2/Ti electrodes was able to change the surface morphology of the electrodes to become more homogeneous. From the test results photoelectrocatalysis activity was obtained at a COD value of 20.40 mL/L which occurred in RhB dyes with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L. Keywords: photoelectrocatalysis, degradation, rhodamine B, TiO2/Ti. ABSTRAK Degradasi secara fotoelektrokatalitik senyawa organik rhodamine B (RhB) telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan TiO2/Ti sebagai elektroda kerja. Penyusunan elektroda kerja TiO2/Ti disiapkan dengan menggunakan metode anodasi untuk membandingkan data yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas elektroda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa elektroda TiO2/Ti mampu mengubah morfologii permukaan elektroda menjadi lebih homogen. Dari hasil uji aktifitas fotoelektrokatalisis diperoleh pada nilai COD 20,40 mL/L yang terjadi pada zat warna RhB dengan konsentrasi awal 10 mg/LKata Kunci: fotoelektrokatalisis, degradasi, rhodamin B, TiO2/Ti.
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Shellaiah, Muthaiah, and Kien Wen Sun. "Diamond-Based Electrodes for Detection of Metal Ions and Anions." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diamond electrodes have long been a well-known candidate in electrochemical analyte detection. Nano- and micro-level modifications on the diamond electrodes can lead to diverse analytical applications. Doping of crystalline diamond allows the fabrication of suitable electrodes towards specific analyte monitoring. In particular, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been reported for metal ions, anions, biomolecules, drugs, beverage hazards, pesticides, organic molecules, dyes, growth stimulant, etc., with exceptional performance in discriminations. Therefore, numerous reviews on the diamond electrode-based sensory utilities towards the specified analyte quantifications were published by many researchers. However, reviews on the nanodiamond-based electrodes for metal ions and anions are still not readily available nowadays. To advance the development of diamond electrodes towards the detection of diverse metal ions and anions, it is essential to provide clear and focused information on the diamond electrode synthesis, structure, and electrical properties. This review provides indispensable information on the diamond-based electrodes towards the determination of metal ions and anions.
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Starovoit, Anatoliy, and Yevgen Maliy. "Research of polymeric additive influence of organic composition on thermochemical conversion of carbon masses." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2008): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.01.065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Influence of polymeric addition is explored on properties of carbon the masses of itself calcinating electrodes in the process of their carbonation. It is exposed that polymeric addition intensifies co-operation of carbon filler with an electrode pitch – connective, that is high-quality represented on descriptions thermographic of laboratory masses. The mechanism of co-operation of components of carbon mass is formulated with a modifier.
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Rorabeck, Kaelan, and Igor Zhitomirsky. "Application of Octanohydroxamic Acid for Salting out Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Materials for Energy Storage in Supercapacitors." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ability to achieve high areal capacitance for oxide-based supercapacitor electrodes with high active mass loadings is critical for practical applications. This paper reports the feasibility of the fabrication of Mn3O4-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites by the new salting-out method, which allows direct particle transfer from an aqueous synthesis medium to a 2-propanol suspension for the fabrication of advanced Mn3O4-MWCNT electrodes for supercapacitors. The electrodes show enhanced capacitive performance at high active mass loading due to reduced particle agglomeration and enhanced mixing of the Mn3O4 particles and conductive MWCNT additives. The strategy is based on the multifunctional properties of octanohydroxamic acid, which is used as a capping and dispersing agent for Mn3O4 synthesis and an extractor for particle transfer to the electrode processing medium. Electrochemical studies show that high areal capacitance is achieved at low electrode resistance. The electrodes with an active mass of 40.1 mg cm−2 show a capacitance of 4.3 F cm−2 at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1. Electron microscopy studies reveal changes in electrode microstructure during charge-discharge cycling, which can explain the increase in capacitance. The salting-out method is promising for the development of advanced nanocomposites for energy storage in supercapacitors.
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Aleksandrova, Mariya. "Specifics and Challenges to Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Devices." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4081697.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several recent developments in material science and deposition methods for flexible organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are surveyed. The commonly used plastic substrates are compared, according to their mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical properties. Multilayer electrode structures, used as transparent electrodes, replacing conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) are presented and data about their conductivity, transparency, and bending ability are provided. Attention is paid to some of the most popular industrial processes for flexible OLEDs manufacturing, such as roll-to-roll printing, inkjet printing, and screen printing. Main specifics and challenges, related to the foils reliability, mechanical stability of the transparent electrodes, and deposition and patterning of organic emissive films, are discussed.
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Khatri, Ishwor, Qiming Liu, Ryo Ishikawa, Keiji Ueno, and Hajime Shirai. "Self assembled silver nanowire mesh as top electrode for organic–inorganic hybrid solar cell." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 7/8 (July 2014): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We prepare transparent, selfassembled polygonal silver nanowire (AgNW) mesh by bubble template and use as top electrode for a poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(stylenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/n-Si hybrid solar cell. Devices were fabricated by pressing the self-assembled AgNW and ITO electrodes onto the surface of the PEDOT:PSS and device performances were compared. In identical transmittances of ITO and self-assembled AgNW (i.e., 87% transmittance at wavelength of 550 nm), the self-assembled AgNW mesh electrodes shows lower sheet resistance (8 Ω/square) with enhanced transparency in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. As a result, a device performance with an efficiency of 9.60% was obtained with the self-assembled electrode compared to 9.07% efficiency from the indium–tin oxide (ITO) electrode under 100 mW/cm2 of AM 1.5 illumination. This study suggests the potential application of a self-assembled AgNW electrode as the transparent conducting electrode for future optoelectronic devices.
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Bond, Daniel R., and Derek R. Lovley. "Electricity Production by Geobacter sulfurreducens Attached to Electrodes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 3 (March 2003): 1548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.3.1548-1555.2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Previous studies have suggested that members of the Geobacteraceae can use electrodes as electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration. In order to better understand this electron transfer process for energy production, Geobacter sulfurreducens was inoculated into chambers in which a graphite electrode served as the sole electron acceptor and acetate or hydrogen was the electron donor. The electron-accepting electrodes were maintained at oxidizing potentials by connecting them to similar electrodes in oxygenated medium (fuel cells) or to potentiostats that poised electrodes at +0.2 V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (poised potential). When a small inoculum of G. sulfurreducens was introduced into electrode-containing chambers, electrical current production was dependent upon oxidation of acetate to carbon dioxide and increased exponentially, indicating for the first time that electrode reduction supported the growth of this organism. When the medium was replaced with an anaerobic buffer lacking nutrients required for growth, acetate-dependent electrical current production was unaffected and cells attached to these electrodes continued to generate electrical current for weeks. This represents the first report of microbial electricity production solely by cells attached to an electrode. Electrode-attached cells completely oxidized acetate to levels below detection (<10 μM), and hydrogen was metabolized to a threshold of 3 Pa. The rates of electron transfer to electrodes (0.21 to 1.2 μmol of electrons/mg of protein/min) were similar to those observed for respiration with Fe(III) citrate as the electron acceptor (Eo′ =+0.37 V). The production of current in microbial fuel cell (65 mA/m2 of electrode surface) or poised-potential (163 to 1,143 mA/m2) mode was greater than what has been reported for other microbial systems, even those that employed higher cell densities and electron-shuttling compounds. Since acetate was completely oxidized, the efficiency of conversion of organic electron donor to electricity was significantly higher than in previously described microbial fuel cells. These results suggest that the effectiveness of microbial fuel cells can be increased with organisms such as G. sulfurreducens that can attach to electrodes and remain viable for long periods of time while completely oxidizing organic substrates with quantitative transfer of electrons to an electrode.
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Sýs, Milan, Elmorsy Khaled, Radovan Metelka, and Karel Vytřas. "Electrochemical characterisation of novel screen-printed carbon paste electrodes for voltammetric measurements." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 7-8 (2017): 865–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc170207048s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work is focused on the homemade screen-printed carbon paste electrode containing basically graphite powder (or glassy carbon powder), poly(vinylbchloride) (PVC) and paraffin oil. It compares the electrochemical properties of conventional carbon-based electrodes and prepared screen-printed carbon paste electrodes towards [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- and quinone/hydroquinone redox couples. Significant attention is paid to the development of the corresponding carbon inks, printing and the surface characterisation of the resulting electrodes by the scanning electron microscopy. An optimization consisted of the selection of the organic solvent, the optimal content of the used polymer with the chosen paste binder, appropriate isolation of electric contact, etc. Very similar properties of the prepared screen-printed electrodes, containing only corresponding carbon powder and 3 % PVC, with their conventional carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon-based electrodes, were observed during their characterisation. Screen-printed electrodes, with the pasting liquid usually provided satisfactory analytical data. Moreover, they can be used in the flow injection analysis and could undoubtedly replace the carbon paste grooved electrodes. It can be assumed that certain progress in the development of electrode materials was achieved by this research.
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HERTSYK, Oksana, Myroslava KOVBUZ, Tetiana HULA, and Nataliia PANDIAK. "ELECTROCATALYSIS INVOLVING AMORPHOUS METAL ELECTRODES." Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Series Сhemical Sciences 2020, no. 60 (February 25, 2020): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37827/ntsh.chem.2020.60.118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of chemical composition of amorphous metal electrodes with different elemental composition (i.e. Al87.0Y5.0Ni8.0, Fe80.0Si6.0B14.0, Fe78,5Ni1.0Mo0.5Si6.0B14.0, Fe81,0Ni1.0Nb0.5Mo0.5Si3.0B14.0, Fe73,1Cu1.0Nb3.0Si15.5B7.4) on their electrocatalytic activity in the reactions of the decomposition of peroxide –O–O– bonds in hydrogen peroxide H2O2 and organic oligoperoxide compounds based on vinyl acetate, 2-tert-butyl peroxy-2-methyl-5-hexen-3-yne and maleic anhydride was studied. The electrochemical reduction of H2O2 and organic oligoperoxsde on AMA-electrodes by cyclic voltammetry is investigated. The dependencies of the rate of electrocatalytic processes on the concentration of supporting electrolyte, the rate of scanning of potential, the concentration of depolarizer and the duration of the initial spontaneous (in the absence of external potential) interaction of the peroxides compounds with the electrode surface were investigated. The rate constants of the decomposition of –O–O– bonds in peroxides of different structure were determined. In the case of the electrocatalytic AMA electrode Al87.0Y5.0Ni8.0, the process of dissociation of –O–O– bonding by the reductive mechanism is the most probable: In the case of AMA electrodes based on Fe (especially Fe73,1Cu1.0Nb3.0Si15.5B7.4) the decomposition of –O–O– bonds follows preferential oxidation mechanism: . Due to their high absorption ability, oligoperoxide molecules can undergo conformational changes on the surface of the electrode. This affects the stability of the peroxide bond significantly. The functional groups of oligoperxides show affinity to localized electrons on the electrode surface. This leads to the elongation of the –O–O– bond and facilitates the fragmentation of the oligomers. The amorphous alloys Fe73,1Cu1.0Nb3.0Si15.5B7.4 and Fe81,0Ni1.0Nb0.5Mo0.5Si3.0B14.0 have a higher catalytical activity in decomposition of H2O2.
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Prabhakar Vattikuti, Surya V., Nguyen To Hoai, Jie Zeng, Rajavaram Ramaraghavulu, Nam Nguyen Dang, Jaesool Shim, and Christian M. Julien. "Pouch-Type Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Nickel–Cobalt Metal–Organic Framework." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 17, 2023): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062423.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bimetal–organic frameworks (BMOFs) have attracted considerable attention as electrode materials for energy storage devices because of the precise control of their porous structure, surface area, and pore volume. BMOFs can promote multiple redox reactions because of the enhanced charge transfer between different metal ions. Therefore, the electroactivity of the electrodes can be significantly improved. Herein, we report a NiCo-MOF (NCMF) with a three-dimensional hierarchical nanorod-like structure prepared using a facile solvo-hydrothermal method. The as-prepared NCMF was used as the positive electrode in a hybrid pouch-type asymmetric supercapacitor device (HPASD) with a gel electrolyte (KOH+PVA) and activated carbon as the negative electrode. Because of the matchable potential windows and specific capacitances of the two electrodes, the assembled HPASD exhibits a specific capacitance of 161 F·g−1 at 0.5 A·g−1, an energy density of 50.3 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 375 W·kg−1, and a cycling stability of 87.6% after 6000 cycles. The reported unique synthesis strategy is promising for producing high-energy-density electrode materials for supercapacitors.
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Joseph, Kavitha Mulackampilly, and Vesselin Shanov. "Symmetric Supercapacitor Based on Nitrogen-Doped and Plasma-Functionalized 3D Graphene." Batteries 8, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8120258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nitrogen-doped, 3-dimensional graphene (N3DG), synthesized as a one-step thermal CVD process, was further functionalized with atmospheric pressure oxygen plasma. Electrodes were fabricated and tested based on the functionalized N3DG. Their characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET), and electrochemical measurements. The tested electrodes revealed a 208% increase in the specific capacitance compared to pristine 3D graphene electrodes in a three-electrode configuration. The performed doping and plasma treatment enabled an increase in the electrode‘s surface area by 4 times compared to pristine samples. Furthermore, the XPS results revealed the presence of nitrogen and oxygen functional groups in the doped and functionalized material. Symmetric supercapacitors assembled from the functionalized 3D graphene using aqueous and organic electrolytes were compared for electrochemical performance. The device with ionic electrolyte EMIMB4 electrolyte exhibited a superior energy density of 54 Wh/kg and power density of 1224 W/kg. It also demonstrated a high-cyclic stability of 15,000 cycles with a capacitance retention of 107%.
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Wang, Qing, and Manel del Valle. "Sensors for the Determination of Organic Load (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Utilizing Copper/Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Electrodes." Proceedings 42, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-6-06564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a widely used parameter in analyzing and controlling the degree of pollution in water. Methods of analysis based on electrochemical sensors are increasingly being used for COD quantitation because they could be simple, accurate, sensitive and environmentally friendly. Electro-oxidizing the organic contaminants to completely transform them into CO2 and H2O is considered the best method for COD estimation using sensors. In this sense, copper electrodes have been reported based on the fact that copper in alkaline media acts as a powerful electrocatalyst for oxidation of aminoacids and carbohydrates, which are believed to be the major culprits of organic pollution. In this work, three kinds of copper/copper oxide electrodes were studied that employed the cyclic voltammetry technique: electrodeposited copper nanoparticle electrode, copper nanoparticle–graphite composite electrode and copper oxide nanoparticle–graphite composite electrode. Actual COD estimations are based on the measurements of oxidation currents of organic compounds. Glucose, potassium hydrogen phthalate and ethylene glycol were chosen to be the standard substances to observe the responses, and to correlate the current intensity vs. the COD values. The performed calibrations showed that glucose and ethylene glycol can be oxidized by these three electrodes, as the current intensity increased along with increasing concentrations. However, only the electrodeposited copper nanoparticle electrode showed the ability to oxidize potassium hydrogen phthalate. Besides, the obtained voltammetric profiles presented different shapes with the tested organic compounds, suggesting this can be used as a potential fingerprint for distinguishing the organic compounds. Ongoing work is focused on optimizing measuring conditions and detecting the COD values of real samples.
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JIANG, S. W., P. WANG, S. C. JIANG, B. B. CHEN, M. WANG, Z. S. JIANG, and D. WU. "FABRICATION OF LATERAL ORGANIC SPIN VALVES BASED ON La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 ELECTRODES." SPIN 04, no. 02 (June 2014): 1440008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324714400086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We report the successful fabrication of lateral organic spin valves (OSVs) using polycrystalline pentacene as spacer and half-metallic La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO) as two electrodes. The distance between two electrodes ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm. The current–voltage characteristics follow the power law relation, which are attributed to the space charge limited current behavior. The devices with a spacing of 30 nm exhibits clear spin-valve characteristics with a magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of ~ 2% at 9 K. The MR effects disappear for electrode spacing about 100 nm, suggesting that the spin diffusion length is less than 100 nm.
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Chahma, M’hamed. "Doped Polythiophene Chiral Electrodes as Electrochemical Biosensors." Electrochem 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electrochem2040042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
π-conducting materials such as chiral polythiophenes exhibit excellent electrochemical stability in doped and undoped states on electrode surfaces (chiral electrodes), which help tune their physical and electronic properties for a wide range of uses. To overcome the limitations of traditional surface immobilization methods, an alternative pathway for the detection of organic and bioorganic targets using chiral electrodes has been developed. Moreover, chiral electrodes have the ability to carry functionalities, which helps the immobilization and recognition of bioorganic molecules. In this review, we describe the use of polythiophenes for the design of chiral electrodes and their applications as electrochemical biosensors.
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Klíma, Jiří, and Jiří Ludvík. "Organic Sonoelectrochemistry on Mercury Pool Electrode." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 6 (2000): 941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20000941.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
So far, the influence of sonication on the electrolytic current was studied only at solid or rather miniaturized mercury electrodes. The presented paper reports on sonoelectrochemical experiments at a liquid mercury pool electrode. Two sonoelectrochemical cells have been developed and tested. It was shown that during sonication, the electrolytic current increases in a number of individual peaks representing short local enhancements of current density due to vigorous local mass transfer and instantaneous increase of fresh electrode surface. Both these effects are caused by microjets of solution formed during violent unsymmetric collapses of cavitation bubbles in the close vicinity of the electrode surface. The newly formed electrode surface and the decrease in the diffusion layer thickness were estimated and discussed. An example is presented where the sonication is used for destruction of a film of products formed during electrolysis of cysteine, that otherwise rapidly inhibits continuation of the electrode process.
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BALARAJU, M., B. V. SHIVA REDDY, T. A. BABU, K. C. BABU NAIDU, and N. V. KRISHNA PRASAD. "ADVANCED ORGANIC ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR RECHARGEABLE SODIUM-ION BATTERIES." Journal of Ovonic Research 16, no. 6 (November 2020): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2020.166.387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The organic electrodes have more advantages over inorganic electrodes in the sodium ion batteries (SIBs). There are different types of organic electrodes with different implications in battery developments. The anthraquione, thiondigo, tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone, Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide and etc. are the most common organic materials for the electrodes. The sulferization and the carbonization of the MOFs are being done in order to improve the charging rate of the sodium ion batteries. The nonflame organic electrodes were designed and tested with the fire extinguishing test. The organic electrodes are eco-friendly and thus developed the green technology in sodium ion batteries.
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Lai, Minjie, Dongying Zhang, Fenghua Chen, Xiaoying Lin, Ankun Qiu, Chenxi Lei, Jiaying Liang, et al. "Advanced Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on Anthraquinone-2,3-Dicarboxylate Ligands as Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 5 (April 26, 2023): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Quinone organic materials are promising electrodes for the next lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their versatile molecular designs, high theoretical capacity, flexibility, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. However, quinone organic electrode materials can easily dissolve in organic electrolytes during the cycling process, which leads to the decay of capacity and poor cycling stability. Here, two metal-organic frames (MOFs), one-dimensional (1D) linear structural anthraquinone-2,3-dicarboxylate zinc coordination polymer (ZnAQDC) and two-dimensional (2D) structural anthraquinone-2,3-dicarboxylate manganese coordination polymer (MnAQDC), are synthesized by using anthraquinone 2,3-dicarboxylic acid, zinc acetate, and manganese acetate in a simple hydrothermal reaction. The formed 1D and 2D structures facilitate the insertion and extraction of lithium ions in and from carbonyl groups of anthraquinone. When MnAQDC is used as cathodes for LIBs, MnAQDC electrodes show an initial discharge capacity of ~63 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. After 200 cycles, the MnAQDC electrode still maintains the specific capacity of ~45 mA h g−1, which exhibits good cycle stability. the ZnAQDC electrode displays a initial discharge capacity of ~85 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1, and retains the specific capacity of ~40 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles, showing moderate cyclic performance. The lithium-inserted mechanism shows that lithium ions are inserted and extracted in and from the carbonyl groups, and the valences of the Zn and Mn ions in the two MOFs do not change, and coordination metals do not contribute capacities for the two MOFs electrodes. The strategy of designing and synthesizing MOFs with 1D and 2D structures provides guidance for suppressing the dissolution and improving the electrochemical performance of quinone electrode materials.
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Malmberg, Siret, Mati Arulepp, Krista Laanemets, Maike Käärik, Ann Laheäär, Elvira Tarasova, Viktoria Vassiljeva, Illia Krasnou, and Andres Krumme. "The Performance of Fibrous CDC Electrodes in Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Electrolytes." C 7, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7020046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of aqueous electrolytes on thin-layer (20 µm) nanoporous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) composite fibrous directly electrospun electrodes without further carbonisation. There have been previously investigated fibrous electrodes, which are produced by applying different post-treatment processes, however this makes the production of fibrous electrodes more expensive, complex and time consuming. Furthermore, in the present study high specific capacitance was achieved with directly electrospun nanoporous CDC-based fibrous electrodes in different neutral aqueous electrolytes. The benefit of fibrous electrodes is the advanced mechanical properties compared to the existing commercial electrode technologies based on pressure-rolled or slurry-cast powder mix electrodes. Such improved mechanical properties are preferred in more demanding applications, such as in the space industry. Electrospinning technology also allows for larger electrode production capacities without increased production costs. In addition to the influence of aqueous electrolyte chemical composition, the salt concentration effects and cycle stability with respect to organic electrolytes are investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements on electrospun electrodes showed the highest capacitance for asymmetrical cells with an aqueous 1 M NaNO3-H2O electrolyte. High CV capacitance was correlated with constant current charge–discharge (CC) data, for which a specific capacitance of 191 F g−1 for the positively charged electrode and 311 F g−1 for the negatively charged electrode was achieved. The investigation of electrolyte salt concentration on fibrous electrodes revealed the typical capacitance dependence on ionic conductivity with a peak capacitance at medium concentration levels. The cycle-life measurements of selected two-electrode test cells with aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes revealed good stability of the electrospun electrodes.
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Liang, Yanliang, Zhanliang Tao, and Jun Chen. "Organic Electrodes: Organic Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 7/2012)." Advanced Energy Materials 2, no. 7 (July 2012): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201290037.
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Rzaeva, S. V. "Features of Electrodeless Electrochemical Reactions." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 59, no. 1 (February 2023): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2023.59.1.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with reactions occurring under the action of active particles formed during the flash of a corona electric discharge between a solid electrode and the surface of a liquid – electrochemical reactions without an electrode. Reactions take place in a thin surface layer of water, where there are no electrodes, so the reactions are called electrodeless. The electrodes are used only to excite the reaction zone and do not directly participate in the reaction. The oxidation of organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water occurs in an electrodeless reaction.
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Lima, Matheus P., R. H. Miwa, and A. Fazzio. "The role played by the molecular geometry on the electronic transport through nanometric organic films." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 44 (2019): 24584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04304g.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The electronic transport properties in molecular heterojunctions are intimately connected with the molecular conformation between the electrodes, and the electronic structure of the molecule/electrode interface.
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Haslinger, Michael J., Dmitry Sivun, Hannes Pöhl, Battulga Munkhbat, Michael Mühlberger, Thomas A. Klar, Markus C. Scharber, and Calin Hrelescu. "Plasmon-Assisted Direction- and Polarization-Sensitive Organic Thin-Film Detector." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091866.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Utilizing Bragg surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on metal nanostructures for the use in optical devices has been intensively investigated in recent years. Here, we demonstrate the integration of nanostructured metal electrodes into an ITO-free thin film bulk heterojunction organic solar cell, by direct fabrication on a nanoimprinted substrate. The nanostructured device shows interesting optical and electrical behavior, depending on angle and polarization of incidence and the side of excitation. Remarkably, for incidence through the top electrode, a dependency on linear polarization and angle of incidence can be observed. We show that these peculiar characteristics can be attributed to the excitation of dispersive and non-dispersive Bragg SPPs on the metal–dielectric interface on the top electrode and compare it with incidence through the bottom electrode. Furthermore, the optical and electrical response can be controlled by the organic photoactive material, the nanostructures, the materials used for the electrodes and the epoxy encapsulation. Our device can be used as a detector, which generates a direct electrical readout and therefore enables the measuring of the angle of incidence of up to 60° or the linear polarization state of light, in a spectral region, which is determined by the active material. Our results could furthermore lead to novel organic Bragg SPP-based sensor for a number of applications.
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Kanno, Ayaka, Takahisa Moriwaki, Hiroshi Yamauchi, and Takashi Tadokoro. "Direct electrospray patterning deposition for flexible organic devices." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, SD (March 24, 2022): SD1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac58e1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Organic electronic devices are attracting much attention because of their ease of thin-film processing such as inkjet printing. In general, the electrospray deposition (ESD) method is useful for forming uniform thin films. In the present study, we propose a new direct-patterning ESD method in which an electric field is applied between a syringe needle and a patterned counter electrode. Patterned organic semiconductor films were formed on flexible insulator substrates overlying the counter electrodes. In addition, we show that the width of the patterned organic film could be controlled by varying the applied electric field between the syringe needle and counter electrode.
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Forti, Juliane, Mariana Matulovic, Mario Mollo Neto, Felipe Santos, Marcos Lanza, and Rodnei Bertazzoli. "Hydrogen Peroxide Production in an Electrochemical Flow-by Reactor using Gas Diffusion Electrodes Modified with Organic Redox Catalysts." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss7.2463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a proposal to use an electrochemical flow-by reactor for hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration using cathodes formed from the incorporation of organic redox catalysts (2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-tert-butylanthraquinone, alizarin, and azobenzene) in the structure of gas diffusion electrodes. These electrodes help circumvent the low solubility of oxygen in aqueous solutions. Organic redox catalysts, which typically contain quinone or azo groups in their structure, were added to the electrode mass in a 10% proportion. The electrodes were used to study the electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide in situ, in an acid medium (0.1 mol L-1 H2SO4 and 0.1 mol L-1 K2SO4, pH 1), inside an electrochemical flow-by reactor. Comparative analysis among the different catalysts indicated that the best electrode for hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration was the gas diffusion electrode modified with 10% of 2-ethylanthraquinone. With an underflow rate of 200 L h-1, hydrogen peroxide was formed with a maximum yield of 998.12 mg L-1 after 2 h at -2.0 V vs Pt//Ag/AgCl, for which the energy consumption was 11.21 kWh kg-1. The use of the electrochemical flow-by reactor was much more efficient, in that it yielded higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide with extremely low energy consumption, compared to that obtained when using an electrochemical cell. In addition, for ensuring appropriate usage of the electrodes, optimizing their potential for the maximum generation of hydrogen peroxide, and obtaining the highest efficiency for the reduction of oxygen, a fuzzy algorithm was developed to help support the user’s decision.