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1
Besnard, Francois. "On Optimal Maintenance Management for Wind Power Systems." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Electromagnetic Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11793.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sound maintenance strategies and planning are of crucial importance for wind power systems, and especially for offshore locations. In the last decades, an increased awareness of the impact of human living on the environment has emerged in the world. The importance of developing renewable energy is today highly recognized and energy policies have been adopted towards this development. Wind energy has been the strongest growing renewable source of energy this last decade. Wind power is now developing offshore where sites are available and benefits from strong and steady wind. However, the initial investments are larger than onshore, and operation and maintenance costs may be substantially higher due to transportation costs for maintenance and accessibility constrained by the weather.
Operational costs can be significantly reduced by optimizing decisions for maintenance strategies and maintenance planning. This is especially important for offshore wind power systems to reduce the high economic risks related to the uncertainties on the accessibility and reliability of wind turbines.
This thesis proposes decision models for cost efficient maintenance planning and maintenance strategies for wind power systems. One model is proposed on the maintenance planning of service maintenance activities. Two models investigate the benefits of condition based maintenance strategies for the drive train and for the blades of wind turbines, respectively. Moreover, a model is proposed to optimize the inspection interval for the blade. Maintenance strategies for small components are also presented with simple models for component redundancy and age replacement.
The models are tested in case studies and sensitivity analyses are performed for parameters of interests. The results show that maintenance costs can be significantly reduced through optimizing the maintenance strategies and the maintenance planning.
2
Hilber, Patrik. "Maintenance optimization for power distribution systems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Electrical Engineering, Elektrotekniska system, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4686.
Повний текст джерела
3
Wang, Baochao. "Intelligent control and power flow optimization of microgrid : energy management strategies." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2122/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La production intermittente et aléatoire des énergies renouvelables, sources photovoltaïques et éoliennes, est toujours un problème pour leur intégration massive dans le réseau public. L'une des solutions est de grouper des sources renouvelables, des sources traditionnelles, des dispositifs de stockage et des charges locales, et les traiter comme une seule unité dans le réseau public. Il s'agit du concept "micro-réseau". Un micro-réseau a des potentiels pour mieux répondre aux besoins de l'utilisateur final et du réseau public, et il facilite la mise en œuvre de futur smart grid, soit le réseau intelligent.Basé sur un micro-réseau représentatif en zone urbaine et intégré aux bâtiments, cette thèse propose une supervision multicouche, afin d'effectuer une étude systémique en mettant en exergue un verrou scientifique concernant l'implémentation d'une optimisation dans l'exploitation en temps réel.La supervision traite un ensemble d’opérations telles que : l'équilibré des puissances,l'optimisation des coûts énergétiques, utilisation de métadonnées, et échange d'informations avec le réseau intelligent et avec l'utilisateur final. Cette supervision a été validée par des tests expérimentaux. Malgré les incertitudes concernant les prévisions météorologiques, la faisabilité d'implémentation de l'optimisation dans l'exploitation réelle est vérifiée. La supervision proposée est en mesure de gérer efficacement les flux en assurant l'équilibre des puissances dans tous les cas. Néanmoins, la performance d'optimisation est liée aux précisions de prédiction. Ce problème peut être amélioré dans les travaux futurs par la mise à jour des résultats d'optimisation en temps réelThe intermittent and random production of renewable sources, such as photovoltaic and wind turbine, is always a problem for their large-scale integration in the utility grid. One of the solutions is to group renewable sources, traditional sources, storage and local consumption and treat it as a single unit in the utility grid. This is the concept of microgrid. A microgrid has the potentials of better responding both grid and end-user requirement, it facilitate the implementation of future smart grid. Based on a representative microgrid in urban area and integrated in buildings, this thesis proposes a multi-layer supervision, in order to realise a systemic study while particularly attempting to cover the research gap of implementing optimisation in realtimeoperation. The supervision handles together power balancing, energetic cost optimisation, metadata using, and information exchanges from both end-users and the smart grid. The supervision has been validated by experimental tests. The feasibility of implementing optimisation in real-time operation is validated even with uncertainties. The supervision is able to manage efficiently the power flow while maintaining power balancing in any case. Nevertheless, optimization effect relies on prediction precision. This problem can be improved in future works by updating optimization in real-time
4
Loeffler, Benjamin Haile. "Modeling and optimization of a thermosiphon for passive thermal management systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An optimally designed thermosiphon for power electronics cooling is developed. There exists a need for augmented grid assets to facilitate power
routing and decrease line losses. Power converter augmented transformers (PCATs) are critically limited thermally. Conventional active cooling
system pumps and fans will not meet the 30 year life and 99.9% reliability required for grid scale implementation. This approach seeks to develop
a single-phase closed-loop thermosiphon to remove heat from power electronics at fluxes on the order of 10 - 15 W/cm2. The passive
thermosiphon is inherently a coupled thermal-fluid system. A parametric model and multi-physics design optimization code will be constructed to
simulate thermosiphon steady state performance. The model will utilize heat transfer and fluid dynamic correlations from literature. A particle
swarm optimization technique will be implemented for its performance with discrete domain problems. Several thermosiphons will be constructed,
instrumented, and tested to verify the model and reach an optimal design.
5
Zhang, Yu. "Implementation of Reliability Centered Asset Management method on Power Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-201717.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Asset management is getting increasingly important in nearly all fields, especially inthe electric power engineering. It is mainly due to the following two reasons. First isthe high investment cost include the design cost, construction cost, equipment costand the high maintenance cost. Another reason is that there is always a high penaltyfee for the system operator if an interruption happened in the system. Besides, due tothe deregulation of electricity market in these years, the electricity utilities are payingmore attentions to the investment and maintenance cost. And one of their main goalsis to maximize the maintenance performance. So the challenge for the systems is toprovide high-reliability power to the customs and meanwhile be cost-effective for thesuppliers. Reliability Centered Asset Management (RCAM) is one of the bestmethods to solve this problem.The basic RCAM method is introduced first in this thesis. The model includes themaintenance strategy definition, the maintenance cost calculation and an optimizationmodel. Based on the basic model some improvements are added and a new model isproposed. The improvements include the new improvement maintenance strategy,increasing failure rate and a new objective function. The new model is also able toprovide a time-based maintenance plan.The simulation is done to a Swedish distribution system-Birka system by GAMS. Theresults and a sensitivity analysis is presented. A maintenance strategy for 58components and in 120 months is finally found. The impact on the changing failurerate is also shown for the whole peroid.Kapitalförvaltning har inom alla områdem blivit allt viktigare, speciellt inomelkraftsteknik. Det beror i huvudsak av två orsaker. Den första är storinvesteringskostnad, vilket inkluderar design, konstruktion, utrustning och underhåll.Den andra är den höga straffavgiften för system operatören vid elavbrott. Dessutom,på grund av den nyligen avreglerade elmarknaden, så fäster elföretagen meruppmärksamhet på investerings och underhållskostnader. En av deras huvudmål är attmaximera underhållsprestandan. Så utmaningen för operatörerna är att levereratillförlitlig elkraft till kunder, samtidigt vara kostnadseffektiva mot leveratörer.Reliability Centered Asset Management (RCAM) är bland de bästa metoderna för attlösa detta problem. En enklare RCAM metod är introducerad först i denna rapport.Modellen inkluderar en underhållsstrategi-definition, underhållskostnad-kalkyl och enIIoptimiserings modell. Grundad på denna enklare modell, andra förbättringar ärtillagda och en ny modell är föreslagen. Förbättringarna inrymmer en nyunderhållsstrategi, ökad felfrekvens och en ny målfunktion. Den nya modellentillhandahåller också en tidsbaserad underhållsplan.
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Endo, Fumihiro, Masaki Kanamitsu, Ryo Shiomi, Hiroki Kojima, Naoki Hayakawa, and Hitoshi Okubo. "Optimization of Asset Management and Power System Operation Based on Equipment Performance." IEEE, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11798.
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7
Rector, R. Blake. "Generalized Differential Calculus and Applications to Optimization." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis contains contributions in three areas: the theory of generalized calculus, numerical algorithms for operations research, and applications of optimization to problems in modern electric power systems. A geometric approach is used to advance the theory and tools used for studying generalized notions of derivatives for nonsmooth functions. These advances specifically pertain to methods for calculating subdifferentials and to expanding our understanding of a certain notion of derivative of set-valued maps, called the coderivative, in infinite dimensions. A strong understanding of the subdifferential is essential for numerical optimization algorithms, which are developed and applied to nonsmooth problems in operations research, including non-convex problems. Finally, an optimization framework is applied to solve a problem in electric power systems involving a smart solar inverter and battery storage system providing energy and ancillary services to the grid.
8
Khargharia, Bithika. "Adaptive Power and Performance Management of Computing Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193653.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the rapid growth of servers and applications spurred by the Internet economy, power consumption in today's data centers is reaching unsustainable limits. This has led to an imminent financial, technical and environmental crisis that is impacting the society at large. Hence, it has become critically important that power consumption be efficiently managed in these computing power-houses of today. In this work, we revisit the issue of adaptive power and performance management of data center server platforms. Traditional data center servers are statically configured and always over-provisioned to be able to handle peak load. We transform these statically configured data center servers to clairvoyant entities that can sense changes in the workload and dynamically scale in capacity to adapt to the requirements of the workload. The over-provisioned server capacity is transitioned to low-power states and they remain in those states for as long as the performance remains within given acceptable thresholds. The platform power expenditure is minimized subject to performance constraints. This is formulated as a performance-per-watt optimization problem and solved using analytical power and performance models. Coarse-grained optimizations at the platform-level are refined by local optimizations at the devices-level namely - the processor & memory subsystems. Our adaptive interleaving technique for memory power management yielded about 48.8% (26.7 kJ) energy savings compared to traditional techniques measured at 4.5%. Our adaptive platform power and performance management technique demonstrated 56.25% energy savings for memory-intensive workload, 63.75% savings for processor-intensive workload and 47.5% savings for a mixed workload while maintaining platform performance within given acceptable thresholds.
9
Kalsing, Arthur. "Power-Intent Management During RTL Optimizations." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Répondre aux exigences de la conception de puces basse consommation constitue un véritable défi pour l’industrie des semi-conducteurs. Au cours de ces dernières années, de nouvelles méthodologies ont été développées pour aider les ingénieurs à traiter la complexité croissante des puces. L’une de ces méthodologies traite l'unification des descriptions dites power-intent dans la norme IEEE-1801 en définissant un langage standard structuré pour annoter le power-intent dans la description des circuits. Tout en permettant de nombreuses améliorations lors de la conception, la vérification et la mise en œuvre de circuits à faible consommation d'énergie, la norme amène également de nouveaux défis, en particulier son intégration dans les flots de conception existants. Nous présentons l'évolution d'un flot de conception traditionnel vers un flot de conception intégrant des stratégies pour la basse consommation et exploitant d'une synthèse à l’état de l’art. Dans cette thèse, nous soulignons les raisons et les choix qui ont donné forme au flot de conception actuel, et qui nous amènent aux défis rencontrés aujourd'hui.Cette thèse propose deux méthodologies intégrant la gestion du power-intent dans les flots existants pour faire face aux problèmes rencontrés dans l’industrie. Plus spécifiquement, il aborde le domaine de l'optimisation au niveau RTL au travers de cette thèse CIFRE (partenariat académique – industriel). Tout d'abord, nous présentons une méthodologie de vérification de la cohérence entre une description UPF (IEEE-1801) et les langages de description matérielle (HDL). Cette méthodologie a été mise en œuvre et validée par un outil, spécifiquement développé, qui nous a servi de preuve de concept. Enfin, nous avons étendu nos recherches en proposant une méthode automatisée préservant la cohérence du power-intent entre une description UPF et RTL lors de la modification du design. Nous avons présenté et modélisé les principes théoriques d’une optimisation RTL et ses effets de bord dans les descriptions de power-intent. Cette méthodologie est accompagnée d'une pléthore de cas d’usage décrivant les étapes pour préserver chaque spécification du power-intentMeeting the requirements of low-power design is a real challenge in the semiconductor industry. In the past few years, new methodologies have been introduced to help engineers dealing with the growing complexity of chip design. One of such methodologies is the unification of power-intent descriptions into the IEEE-1801 standard, defining a structured standard language to annotate power-intent to a design. While enabling many improvements in low-power design, verification and implementation, the standard also introduces new challenges, in particular its integration into existing design flows. We present the evolution from a traditional design flow to a power-aware design flow, accompanied by a state-of-art low-power design synthesis. In this PhD work, we highlight the reasons and choices that shaped the current design flow, contributing to the challenges seen today.This thesis proposes two methodologies to cope with the issues commonly faced by the industry while integrating power-intent management into existing flows. More specifically, it addresses the field of RTL design optimizations, due to the industrial context of this CIFRE PhD (academical–industrial partnership). First, we present a tool agnostic methodology highly correlating UPF (IEEE-1801) and Hardware Description Languages (HDL) in order to track power-intent inconsistencies due to modifications in either of the descriptions. The consistency check methodology is validated by the implementation of a proof-of-concept tool. Finally, we extend the research by proposing an automation methodology preserving a consistent power-intent between UPF and RTL when modifying the design. We model and present the theoretical principles of RTL optimizations and their effects in the power-intent descriptions. This methodology is accompanied by a plethora of small, but comprehensive, use cases, depicting the steps to preserve each of the main power-intent specifications
10
Nilsson, Julia. "On maintenance management of wind and nuclear power plants." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11321.
Повний текст джерела
11
Busse, Martin (Martin Augusto) 1971. "Optimization of thorium-based seed-blanket fuel cycles for nuclear power plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88336.
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12
Bazrafshan, Mohammadhafez. "Stochastic optimization for power management in radial distribution networks with renewable photovoltaic generation." Thesis, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1565173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The stochastic nature of solar renewable power poses challenges in distribution networks with high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) generation in terms of maintaining adequate generation to satisfy end-users as well as accomplishing voltage regulation. However, real power control of modern programmable electric loads and reactive power compensation from the power electronic interfaces of PV generators offer opportunities to overcome these challenges to eventually achieve customer satisfaction and minimize costs for the operation of distribution systems. To cope with the random and intermittent nature of solar generation, this thesis introduces a stochastic optimization model for real and reactive power management in such distribution systems with a large number of residential-scale PV generation units. Decision variables include demand response schedules of programmable loads, as well as reactive power consumption or generation by the PV inverters in a fashion adaptive to the uncertain real power generation. Voltage regulation is also addressed in the stochastic optimization framework through enforcement of suitable constraints or using principles of risk-averse optimization. A decentralized solver based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is also developed featuring closed-form updates per node and communication only between neighboring nodes. Numerical tests are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of applying this stochastic optimization model for power management in large distribution networks compared to other proposed schemes in the literature.
13
Wang, Tao. "Control and optimization approaches for power management in energy-aware battery-powered systems." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/11081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThis dissertation is devoted to the power management of energy-aware battery-powered systems (BPSs). Thanks to the popularization of wireless and mobile devices, BPSs are increasingly and widely used. However, the development of BPSs is hindered by the short lifetime of batteries and limited accessibility to charging sources. The first part of this dissertation focuses on the power management of BPSs based on an analytical non-ideal battery model, the Kinetic Battery Model (KBM). How to control discharge and recharge processes of the BPS to optimize the system performance is investigated. Problems for single-battery systems and multi-battery systems are studied. In the single-battery case, the calculus of variations approach gives analytical solutions to the cases with both fully and partially available rechargeability. The results are consistent with the ones derived under a different non-ideal battery model, demonstrating the validity of the solution to the general non-ideal battery systems. In the multi-battery systems, in order to maximize the minimum terminal residual energy among all batteries, the similar methodology is employed to show an optimal policy making equal terminal energy values of all batteries as long as such a policy is feasible, which simplifies the derivations of the solution. Furthermore, the KBM is introduced into a routing problem for lifetime maximization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The solution not only preserves the properties of the problem based on an ideal battery model but also shows the applicability of the KBM to large network problems. The second part of the dissertation is focused on BPV systems. First, the energy-aware behavior of electric vehicles (EVs) is studied by addressing two motion control problems of an EV, (a) cruising range maximization and (b) traveling time minimization, based on an EV power consumption model. Approximate controller structures are proposed such that the original optimal control problems are transformed into nonlinear parametric optimization problems, which are much easier to solve. Finally, motivated by the significant role of recharging in BPVs, the vehicle routing problem with energy constraints is investigated. Optimal routes and recharging times at charging stations are sought to minimize the total elapsed time for vehicles to reach the destination. For a single vehicle, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem is formulated. A decomposition method is proposed to transform the MINLP problem into two simpler problems respectively for the two types of decision variables. Based on this, a multi-vehicle routing problem is studied using a flow model, where traffic congestion effects are considered are included. Similar approaches to the single vehicle case decompose the coupling of the decision variables, thus making the problem easier to solve.
14
Wu, Yu-Chi. "Direct nonlinear interior point methods for optimal power flows." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15030.
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Sankaran, Hariharan. "System level energy optimization for location aware computing." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001343.
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Amer, Motaz. "Power consumption optimization based on controlled demand for smart home structure." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse propose un concept d'optimisation de la consommation d'énergie dans les maisons intelligentes basées sur la gestion de la demande qui repose sur l'utilisation de système d e gestion de l'énergie à la maison (HEMS) qui est en mesure de contrôler les appareils ménagers. L'avantage de ce concept est l'optimisation de la consommation d'énergie sans réduire les utilisateurs vivant confort. Un mécanisme adaptatif pour une croissance intelligente système de gestion de l'énergie de la maison qui a composé des algorithmes qui régissent l'utilisation des différents types de charges par ordre de priorité pré-sélectionné dans la maison intelligente est proposé. En outre, une méthode pourl'optimisation de la puissance générée à partir d'un hybride de systèmes d'énergie renouvelables (HRES) afin d'obtenir la demande de charge. particules technique d'optimisation essaim (PSO) est utilisé comme l'optimisation algorithme de recherche en raison de ses avantages par rapport à d'autres techniques pour réduire le coût moyen actualisé de l'énergie (LCE) avec une plage acceptable de la production en tenant compte des pertes entre la production et la demande. Le problème est défini et la fonction objective est introduite en tenant compte des valeurs de remise en forme de sensibilité dans le processus d’essaim de particules. La structure de l'algorithme a été construite en utilisant un logiciel MATLAB et Arduino 1.0.5 du logiciel.Ce travail atteint le but de réduire la charge de l'électricité et la coupure du rapport pic-moyenne (PAR)This thesis proposes a concept of power consumption optimization in smart homes based on demand side management that reposes on using Home Energy Management System (HEMS) that is able to control home appliances. The advantage of the concept is optimizing power consumption without reducing the users living comfort. An adaptive mechanism for smart home energy management system which composed of algorithms that govern the use of different types of loads in order of pre-selected priority in smart home is proposed. In addition a method for the optimization of the power generated from a Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) in order to achieve the load demand. Particle Swarm Optimization Technique (PSO) is used as optimization searching algorithm due to its advantages over other techniques for reducing the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCE) with an acceptable range of the production taking into consideration the losses between production and demand sides. The problem is defined and the objective function is introduced taking into consideration fitness values sensitivity in particle swarm process. The algorithm structure was built using MATLAB software and Arduino 1.0.5 Software. This work achieves the purpose of reducing electricity expense and clipping the Peak-toAverage Ratio (PAR). The experimental setup for the smart meter implementing HEMS is built relying on the Arduino Mega 2560 board as a main controller and a web application of URL http://www.smarthome-em.com to interface with the proposed smart meter using the Arduino WIFI Shield
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Pang, Ying-Feng. "Integrated Thermal Design and Optimization Study for Active Integrated Power Electronic Modules (IPEMs)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34965.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thermal management is one of many critical tasks in the design of power electronic systems. It has become increasingly important as a result of the introduction of high power density and integrated modules. It has also been realized that higher temperatures do affect reliability due to a variety of physical failure mechanisms that involve thermal stresses and material degradation. Therefore, it is important to consider temperature as design parameter in developing power electronic modules.
The NSF Center for Power Electronics System (CPES) at Virginia Tech previously developed a first generation (Gen-I) active Integrated Power Electronics Module (IPEM). This module represents CPES's approach to design a standard power electronic module with low labor and material costs and improved reliability compared to industrial Intelligent Power Modules (IPM). A preliminary Generation II (Gen-II.A) active IPEM was built using embedded power technology, which removes the wire bonds from the Gen-I IPEM. In this module, the three primary heat-generating devices are placed on a direct bonded copper substrate in a multi-chip module format.
The overall goal of this research effort was to optimize the thermal performance of this Gen-II.A IPEM. To achieve this goal, a detailed three-dimensional active IPEM was modeled using the thermal-fluid analysis program ESC in I-DEAS to study the thermal performance of the Gen-II.A IPEM. Several design variables including the ceramic material, the ceramic thickness, and the thickness of the heat spreader were modeled to optimize IPEM geometric design and to improve the thermal performance while reducing the footprint. Input variables such as power loss and interface material thicknesses were studied in a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. Other design constraints such as electrical design and packaging technology were also considered in the thermal optimization of the design.
A new active IPEM design named Gen-II.C was achieved with reduced-size and improved thermal and electrical performance. The success of the new design will enable the replacement of discrete components in a front-end DC/DC converter by this standard module with the best thermal and electrical performance. Future improvements can be achieved by replacing the current silicon chip with a higher thermal-conductivity material, such as silicon carbide, as the power density increases, and by, exploring other possible cooling techniques.Master of Science
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Zheng, Kuangyu. "Power Optimization of Data Center Network with Scalability and Performance Control." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1525317123570256.
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Anasis, John George. "A Combined Energy and Geoengineering Optimization Model (CEAGOM) for Climate Policy Analysis." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the greatest challenges that will face humanity in the 21st century is the issue of climate change brought about by emissions of greenhouse gases. Energy use is one of the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions. However, it is also one of the most important contributors to improved human welfare over the past two centuries and will continue to be so for years to come. This quandary has led a number of researchers to suggest that geoengineering may be required in order to allow for continued use of fossil fuels while at the same time mitigating the effects of the associated greenhouse gas emissions on the global climate. The goal of this research was to develop a model that would allow decision-makers and policy analysts to assess the optimal mix of energy and geoengineering resources needed to meet global or regional energy demand at the lowest cost while accounting for appropriate emissions, greenhouse gas concentration, or temperature rise constraints. The resulting software model is called the Combined Energy and Geoengineering Optimization Model (CEAGOM). CEAGOM was then used to analyze the recently announced U.S.-China emissions agreement and to assess what the optimal global energy resource mix might be over the course of the 21st century, including the associated potential need for geoengineering. These analyses yielded optimal mixes of energy and geoengineering resources that could be used to inform regional and global energy and climate management strategies.
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Zhao, Long. "Novel Models and Algorithms for Uncertainty Management in Power Systems." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4971.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation is a collection of previously-published manuscript and conference papers. In this dissertation, we will deal with a stochastic unit commitment problem with cooling systems for gas generators, a robust unit commitment problem with demand response and uncertain wind generation, and a power grid vulnerability analysis with transmission line switching. The latter two problems correspond to our theoretical contributions in two-stage robust optimization, i.e., how to efficiently solve a two-stage robust optimization, and how to deal with mixed-integer recourse in robust optimization. Due to copyright issue, this dissertation does not include any methodology papers written by the author during his PhD study. Readers are referred to the author's website for a complete list of publications.
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Joo, Jhi-Young. "Adaptive Load Management: Multi-Layered And Multi-Temporal Optimization Of The Demand Side In Electric Energy Systems." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Well-designed demand response is expected to play a vital role in operatingpower systems by reducing economic and environmental costs. However,the current system is operated without much information on the benefits ofend-users, especially the small ones, who use electricity. This thesis proposes aframework of operating power systems with demand models including the diversityof end-users’ benefits, namely adaptive load management (ALM). Sincethere are a large number of end-users having different preferences and conditionsin energy consumption, the information on the end-users’ benefits needsto be aggregated at the system level. This leads us to model the system ina multi-layered way, including end-users, load serving entities, and a systemoperator. On the other hand, the information of the end-users’ benefits can beuncertain even to the end-users themselves ahead of time. This information isdiscovered incrementally as the actual consumption approaches and occurs. Forthis reason ALM requires a multi-temporal model of a system operation andend-users’ benefits within. Due to the different levels of uncertainty along thedecision-making time horizons, the risks from the uncertainty of informationon both the system and the end-users need to be managed. The methodologyof ALM is based on Lagrange dual decomposition that utilizes interactive communicationbetween the system, load serving entities, and end-users. We showthat under certain conditions, a power system with a large number of end-userscan balance at its optimum efficiently over the horizon of a day ahead of operationto near real time. Numerical examples include designing ALM for theright types of loads over different time horizons, and balancing a system with a large number of different loads on a congested network. We conclude thatwith the right information exchange by each entity in the system over differenttime horizons, a power system can reach its optimum including a variety ofend-users’ preferences and their values of consuming electricity.
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Prat, Joaquin, Alvaro Romero, Sandra Rodriguez, and Julio Farje. "Optimization of the control process in residential buildings using technological tools." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many construction companies worldwide continue to implement different methodologies to optimize time and improve management in the execution of works; however, a lack of control in projects continues to be observed. For this reason, one of the most common problems currently is the incompletion of scheduled work. Due to this, it is necessary to keep better control of the projects at the execution stage so that the contractor can optimally, quickly, and easily manage the progress of all the specialties involved. In this sense, this research develops the use of the Plan Grid Application for data collection in the field and the Power Bi software for the automatic processing and information visualization through a management dashboard where indicators are shown to reflect the progress and actual performance of the activities as well as the main non-compliance causes, which leads to optimize the control process and the time spent by its administrators to carry out this management.
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Okubo, Hitoshi, Fumihiro Endo, Naoki Hayakawa, Hiroki Kojima, and Yotaro Suzuki. "Optimization of Asset Management in High Voltage Substation Based on Equipment Monitoring and Power System Operation." IEEE, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14536.
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Suris, Juan Emilio. "Cooperative Game Theory and Non-convex Optimization Analysis of Spectrum Sharing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Opportunistic spectrum access has become a high priority research
area in the past few years. The motivation behind this actively
researched area is the fact that the limited spectrum available is
currently being utilized in an inefficient way. The complete
wireless spectrum is assigned and reserved, but not necessarily
being used. At the same time, the demand for innovation in wireless
technology is growing. Since there is no room in the wireless
spectrum to allocate significant frequency bands for future wireless
technologies, the only recourse is to increase utilization of the
spectrum. To achieve this, we must find a way to share the spectrum.
Spectrum sharing techniques will require coordination between all
the layers of the protocol stack. The network and the wireless
medium are inextricably linked and, thus, both must be considered
when optimizing wireless network performance. Unfortunately,
interactions in the wireless medium can lead to non-convex problems
which have been shown to be NP-hard. Techniques must be developed to
tackle the optimization problems that arise from wireless network
analysis.
In this document we focus on analyzing the spectrum sharing problem
from two perspectives: cooperative game theory and non-convex
optimization. We develop a cooperative game theory model to analyze
a scenario where nodes in a multi-hop wireless network need to agree
on a fair allocation of spectrum. We show that in high interference
environments, the utility space of the game is non-convex, which may
make some optimal allocations unachievable with pure strategies.
However, we show that as the number of channels available increases,
the utility space becomes close to convex and thus optimal
allocations become achievable with pure strategies. We propose the
use of the NBS and show that it achieves a good compromise
between fairness and efficiency, using a small number of channels.
We also propose a distributed algorithm for spectrum sharing and
show that it achieves allocations reasonably close to the NBS.
In our game theory analysis, we studied the possible outcomes of the
spectrum sharing problem and propose the NBS as a desirable
outcome and propose an algorithm to achieve the NBS spectrum
allocation. However, the expression used to compute the NBS is
a non-convex optimization problem. We propose an optimization model
to solve a class of problems that incorporate the non-convex
dynamics of the wireless medium that occur when the objective is a
function of SINR. We present two case studies to show the
application of the model to discrete and continuous optimization
problems. We propose a branch and bound heuristic, based on the
RLT, for approximating the solution of continuous optimization
problems. Finally, we present results for the continuous case study.
We show simulation results for the heuristic compared to a time
constrained mixed integer linear program (MILP) as well as a
nonlinear optimization using random starting points. We show that
for small networks the MILP achieves the optimal in reasonable time
and the heuristic achieves a value close to the optimal. We also
show that for large networks the heuristic outperforms the MILP as
well as the nonlinear search.Ph. D.
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Saeidpour, Parizy Ehsan. "Electrical Energy Retail Price Optimization for an Interconnected/Islanded Power Grid." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1512463830323059.
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Boström, Christoffer. "Optimization of a Household Battery Storage : The Value of Load Shift." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298417.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sweden’s energy system is facing major changes in the near future in order to reducecarbon emissions and to switch to sustainable energy sources. PV systems havebecome a sensible alternative for homeowners that want to be a part of this changeand at the same time reduce the cost of their electricity bill. To further improve theutilization of their PV system and to handle the intermittent nature of solar power,battery storages have become an interesting system complement. This thesisinvestigates how batteries can provide smart services; load shift and peak price energyutilization to a household. This is done by developing an optimized battery algorithmmodel that can provide these smart services which is compared to a simple batteryalgorithm. The results show that the developed battery optimization model works asintended. It performs both load shift and peak price energy utilization. The economicanalysis shows that the most profitable PV system and battery configuration is a 20kW PV system with a 5 kWh battery. The system has an internal rate of return, IRR,of 2.3% which does not reach Vattenfall’s weighted average cost of capital, WACC, at7%. The results also show that the battery cost is an important factors for a system'sprofitability. A larger battery system is more expensive and the increased yield doesnot cover the increased cost. Further research is needed to implement the optimizedbattery as a functional application since the model has access to a perfect forecast andthus a method for forecasting PV production and load profile of the household arecrucial to get similar results.
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Kreinar, David J. "Energy Management Techniques for Hybrid Electric Unmanned Aircraft Systems." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton159640308960136.
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Hilber, Patrik. "Component reliability importance indices for maintenance optimization of electrical networks." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-274.
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Parida, Pritish Ranjan. "Optimization and Fabrication of Heat Exchangers for High-Density Power Control Unit Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The demand for more power and performance from electronic equipment has constantly been growing resulting in an increased amount of heat dissipation from these devices. Thermal management of high-density power control units for hybrid electric vehicles is one such application. Over the last few years, the performance of this power control unit has been improved and size has been reduced to attain higher efficiency and performance causing the heat dissipation as well as heat density to increase significantly. However, the overall cooling system has remained unchanged and only the heat exchanger corresponding to the power control unit (PCU) has been improved. This has allowed the manufacturing costs to go down. Efforts are constantly being made to reduce the PCU size even further and also to reduce manufacturing costs. As a consequence, heat density will go up (~ 200 – 250 W/cm2) and thus, a better high performance cooler/heat exchanger is required that can operate under the existing cooling system design and at the same time, maintain active devices temperature within optimum range (<120 – 125 °C) for higher reliability.
The aim of this dissertation was to study the various cooling options based on jet impingement, mini-channel, ribbed mini-channel, phase change material and double sided cooling configurations for application in hybrid electric vehicle and other similar consumer products and perform parametric and optimization study on selected designs. Detailed experimental and computational analysis was performed on different cooling designs to evaluate overall performance. Severe constraints such as choice of coolant, coolant flow-rate, pressure drop, minimum geometrical size and operating temperature were required for the overall design. High performance jet impingement based cooler design with incorporated fin-like structures induced swirl and provided enhanced local heat transfer compared to traditional cooling designs. However, the cooling scheme could manage only 97.4% of the target effectiveness. Tapered/nozzle-shaped jets based designs showed promising results (~40% reduction in overall pressure drop) but were not sufficient to meet the overall operating temperature requirement. Various schemes of mini-channel arrangement, which were based on utilizing conduction and convection heat transfer in a conjugate mode, demonstrated improved performance over that of impingement cooling schemes. Impingement and mini-channel based designs were combined to show high heat transfer rates but at the expense of higher pressure drops (~5 times). As an alternate, mini-channel based coolers with ~1.5 mm size channels having trip strips or ribs were studied to accommodate the design constraints and to enhance local as well as overall heat transfer rates and achieve the target operating temperature.
A step by step approach to the development of the heat exchanger is provided with an emphasis on system level design. The computational based optimization methodology is confirmed by a fabricated test bed to evaluate overall performance and compare the predicted results with actual performance.
Additionally, one of the impingement based configuration (Swirl-Impingement-Fin) developed during the course of this work was applied to the internal cooling of a turbine blade trailing edge and was shown to enhance the thermal performance by at least a factor of 2 in comparison to the existing pin-fin technology for the conditions studied in this work.Ph. D.
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Naim, Wadih. "On the Role of Data Quality and Availability in Power System Asset Management." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295696.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In power system asset management, component data is crucial for decision making. This thesis mainly focuses on two aspects of asset data: data quality and data availability. The quality level of data has a great impact on the optimality of asset management decisions. The goal is to quantify the impact of data errors from a maintenance optimization perspective using random population studies. In quantitative terms, the impact of data quality can be evaluated financially and technically. The financial impact is the total maintenance cost per year of a specific scenario in a population of components, whereas the technical impact is the loss of a component's useful technical lifetime due to sub-optimal replacement time. Using Monte-Carlo simulation techniques, those impacts are analyzed in a case study of a simplified random population of independent and non-repairable components. The results show that missing data has a larger impact on cost and replacement year estimation than that of under- or over-estimated data. Additionally, depending on problem parameters, after a certain threshold of missing data probability, the estimation of cost and replacement year becomes unreliable. Thus, effective decision making for a certain population of components requires ensuring a minimum level of data quality. Data availability is another challenge that faces power system asset managers. Data can be lacking due to several factors including censoring, restricted access, or absence of data acquisition. These factors are addressed in this thesis from a decision making point of view through case studies at the operation and maintenance levels. Data censoring is handled as a data quality problem using a Monte-Carlo simulation. While the problems of restricted access and absence of data acquisition are studied using event trees and multiphysics modelling. While the quantitative data quality problem can be abstract, and thus applicable to different types of physical assets, the data availability problem requires a case-by-case analysis to reach an effective decision making strategy.QC 20210528
CPC5
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Da, Silva Ralston A. "Green Computing – Power Efficient Management in Data Centers Using Resource Utilization as a Proxy for Power." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259760420.
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Cao, Xiao. "Optimization of Bonding Geometry for a Planar Power Module to Minimize Thermal Impedance and Thermo-Mechanical Stress." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study focuses on development a planar power module with low thermal impedance and thermo-mechanical stress for high density integration of power electronics systems. With the development semiconductor technology, the heat flux generated in power device keeps increasing. As a result, more and more stringent requirements were imposed on the thermal and reliability design of power electronics packaging.
In this dissertation, a boundary-dependent RC transient thermal model was developed to predict the peak transient temperature of semiconductor device in the power module. Compared to conventional RC thermal models, the RC values in the proposed model are functions of boundary conditions, geometries, and the material properties of the power module. Thus, the proposed model can provide more accurate prediction for the junction temperature of power devices under variable conditions. In addition, the transient thermal model can be extracted based on only steady-state thermal simulation, which significantly reduced the computing time.
To detect the peak transient temperature in a fully packaged power module, a method for thermal impedance measurement was proposed. In the proposed method, the gate-emitter voltage of an IGBT which is much more sensitive to the temperature change than the widely used forward voltage drop of a pn junction was monitored and used as temperature sensitive parameter. A completed test circuit was designed to measure the thermal impedance of the power module using the gate-emitter voltage. With the designed test set-up, in spite of the temperature dependency of the IGBT electrical characteristics, the power dissipation in the IGBT can be regulated to be constant by adjusting the gate voltage via feedback control during the heating phase. The developed measurement system was used to evaluate thermal performance and reliability of three different die-attach materials.
From the prediction of the proposed thermal model, it was found that the conventional single-sided power module with wirebond connection cannot achieve both good steady-state and transient thermal performance under high heat transfer coefficient conditions. As a result, a plate-bonded planar power module was designed to resolve the issue. The comparison of thermal performance for conventional power module and the plate-bonded power module shows that the plate-bonded power module has both better steady-state and transient thermal performance than the wirebonded power module. However, due to CTE mismatch between the copper plate and the silicon device, large thermo-mechanical stress is induced in the bonding layer of the power module. To reduce the stress in the plate-bonded power module, an improved structure called trenched copper plate structure was proposed. In the proposed structure, the large copper plate on top of the semiconductor can be partitioned into several smaller pieces that are connected together using a thin layer copper foil. The FEM simulation shows that, with the improved structure, the maximum von Mises stress and plastic strain in the solder layer were reduced by 18.7% and 67.8%, respectively. However, the thermal impedance of the power module increases with reduction of the stress. Therefore, the trade-off between these two factors was discussed. To verify better reliability brought by the trenched copper plate structure, twenty-four samples with three different copper plate structures were fabricated and thermally cycled from -40°C to 105°C. To detect the failure at the bonding layer, the curvature of these samples were measured using laser scanning before and after cycling. By monitoring the change of curvature, the degradation of bonding layer can be detected. Experimental results showed that the samples with different copper plate structure had similar curvature before thermal cycle. The curvatures of the samples with single copper plate decreased more than 80% after only 100 cycles. For the samples with 2 × 2 copper plate and the samples with 3 × 3 copper plate, the curvatures became 75.8% and 77.5% of the original values, respectively, indicating better reliability than the samples with single copper plate. The x-ray pictures of cross-sectioned samples confirmed that after 300 cycles, the bonding layer for the sample with single copper plate has many cracks and delaminations starting from the edge.Ph. D.
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Xu, Zichen. "Power-Performance Tradeoffs in Database Systems." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/95.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the total energy consumption of computing systems increasing at a steep rate, much attention had been paid to the design of energy-efficient computing systems and applications. So far, database system design has focused on improving the performance of query processing. The objective of this study is to explore the potential of energy conservation in relational database management systems. The hypothesis is: by modifying the query optimizer in a Database management system (DBMS) to take the energy cost of query plans into consideration, we will be able to reduce the energy usage of database servers and control the tradeoffs between energy consumption and system performance. In this thesis, we provide an in-depth anatomy of typical queries in various benchmarks and qualitatively analyze the energy profile of such queries. The results of extensive experiments show that power savings in the range of 11% to 22% can be achieved by equipping the DBMS with a simple query optimizer that selects query plans based on both estimated processing time and energy requirements. We advocate more research efforts be invested into the design and evaluation of power-aware DBMSs in hope to reach higher level of energy efficiency.
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Whitcomb, Jacob A. "The value of power grid flexibility : applied optimization methods for bulk electricity storage and technology RD&D." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 104-110).
As power systems adapt to include aging infrastructure, new socio-political priorities, and renewable electricity resources, grid operators look to a more flexible grid. Electricity storage flexibility is one strategy gaining interest. Clean energy advocates see benefits in terms of greater renewables integration and lower emissions; grid operators see storage as an improved security system in the face of supply and demand variability and uncertainty. However, as power systems are designed for reliable and efficient operations using available technologies, newer, better-performing technologies such as energy storage devices may not always win the market. Several market barriers to storage remain, including high storage capital costs and a lack of trusted tools for modeling and estimating the lifetime value of new capacity investments [1]. Most storage modeling strategies omit constraints that describe the technical operating boundaries of different power generating technologies, which can lead an overestimation of total operating costs for the power system [2]. I describe a mixed integer linear optimization framework for estimating the optimal control and value of energy storage in a virtual power generation system with economic, regulatory, and technical performance characteristics. The model consists of power plant commitment, dispatch, and selective capacity expansion constraints that simulate optimal investments and operations of the power generation system. A new formulation for modeling energy storage is also developed in order to improve the accuracy of round-trip efficiencies and allow for the inclusion of minimum storage output constraints. Using this model, I solve for break-even target prices for storage capital costs under a range of scenarios (storage futures scenarios). A second challenge slowing the adoption of storage is a lack of spending on performance improvements and cost-reductions. A two-factor learning curve and optimization approach is developed to solve for the optimal portfolio of research, development, demonstration, and diffusion investments (RDD&D) over multiple investment periods. Using the target capital costs from unit commitment model output as the investment model input value, innovating firms and policy planners may better identify cost targets and investment strategies for reaching target levels of storage deployment. Electricity storage becomes more valuable as net load variability increases. The impact of net load variability is tested by changing the level of renewable generation resources in the system. The current capital cost of storage-here, compressed air energy storage (CAES)-generally exceeds the target cost needed to make CAES economical when it is used to provide load following, load shifting, and operating reserve services in high-voltage power generation systems. Scenario analysis shows that when renewables generation reaches 35%, CAES becomes economical in limited quantities due to the added value from providing renewables integration and greater operating reserves. Using this framework, I identify different levels of cost reductions needed to drive improved adoption and make several RDD&D recommendations.
by Jacob Whitcomb.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Busquets, Enrique, and Monika Ivantysynova. "Toward Supervisory-Level Control for the Energy Consumption and Performance Optimization of Displacement-Controlled Hydraulic Hybrid Machines." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-200450.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental awareness, production costs and operating expenses have provided a large incentive for the investigation of novel and more efficient fluid power technologies for decades. In the earth-moving sector, hydraulic hybrids have emerged as a highly efficient and affordable choice for the next generation hydraulic systems. Displacementcontrolled (DC) actuation has demonstrated that, when coupled with hydraulic hybrids, the engine power can be downsized by up to 50% leading to substantial savings. This concept has been realized by the authors‘ group on an excavator prototype where a secondary-controlled hydraulic hybrid drive was implemented on the swing. Actuatorlevel controls have been formulated by the authors‘ group but the challenge remains to effectively manage the system on the supervisory-level. In this paper, a power management controller is proposed to minimize fuel consumption while taking into account performance. The algorithm, a feedforward and cost-function combination considers operator commands, the DC actuators‘ power consumption and the power available from the engine and hydraulic hybrid as metrics. The developed strategy brings the technology closer to the predicted savings while achieving superior operability.
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Meyer, Danielle L. "Energy Optimization of a Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523493111005807.
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Neimane, Viktoria. "On Development Planning of Electricity Distribution Networks." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Future development of electric power systems must pursue anumber of different goals. The power system should beeconomically efficient, it should provide reliable energysupply and should not damage the environment. At the same time,operation and development of the system is influenced by avariety of uncertain and random factors. The planner attemptsto find the best strategy from a large number of possiblealternatives. Thus, the complexity of the problems related topower systems planning is mainly caused by presence of multipleobjectives, uncertain information and large number ofvariables. This dissertation is devoted to consideration of themethods for development planning of a certain subsystem, i.e.the distribution network.
The dissertation first tries to formulate the networkplanning problem in general form in terms of Bayesian DecisionTheory. However, the difficulties associated with formulationof the utility functions make it almost impossible to apply theBayesian approach directly. Moreover, when approaching theproblem applying different methods it is important to considerthe concave character of the utility function. Thisconsideration directly leads to the multi-criteria formulationof the problem, since the decision is motivated not only by theexpected value of revenues (or losses), but also by theassociated risks. The conclusion is made that the difficultiescaused by the tremendous complexity of the problem can beovercome either by introducing a number of simplifications,leading to the considerable loss in precision or applyingmethods based on modifications of Monte-Carlo or fuzzyarithmetic and Genetic Algorithms (GA), or Dynamic Programming(DP).
In presence of uncertainty the planner aims at findingrobust and flexible plans to reducethe risk of considerablelosses. Several measures of risk are discussed. It is shownthat measuring risk by regret may lead to risky solutions,therefore an alternative measure - Expected Maximum Value - issuggested. The general future model, called fuzzy-probabilistictree of futures, integrates all classes of uncertain parameters(probabilistic, fuzzy and truly uncertain).
The suggested network planning software incorporates threeefficient applications of GA. The first algorithm searchessimultaneously for the whole set of Pareto optimal solutions.The hybrid GA/DP approach benefits from the global optimizationproperties of GA and local search by DP resulting in originalalgorithm with improved convergence properties. Finally, theStochastic GA can cope with noisy objective functions.
Finally, two real distribution network planning projectsdealing with primary distribution network in the large city andsecondary network in the rural area are studied.
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Moulik, Bedatri Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] [Söffker. "Online power management with embedded optimization for a multi-source hybrid with real time applications / Bedatri Moulik. Betreuer: Dirk Söffker." Duisburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099910242/34.
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Moulik, Bedatri [Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Söffker. "Online power management with embedded optimization for a multi-source hybrid with real time applications / Bedatri Moulik. Betreuer: Dirk Söffker." Duisburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099910242/34.
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Phulpin, Yannick Dominique. "Coordination of reactive power scheduling in a multi-area power system operated by independent utilities." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Begovic, Miroslav; Committee Member: Divan, Deepak; Committee Member: Harley, Ron; Committee Member: Petit, Marc; Committee Member: Verriest, Erik. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Prayaga, Krishna Venkatesh. "ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN A SOLAR CAR WITH APPLICATIONS TO GATO DEL SOL III-IV." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gato del Sol III, was powered by a solar array of 480 Silicon mono-crystalline photovoltaic cells. Maximum Power Point trackers efficiently made use of these cells and tracked the optimal load. The cells were mounted on a fiber glass and foam core composite shell. The shell rides on a lightweight aluminum space frame chassis, which is powered by a 95% efficient brushless DC motor. Gato del Sol IV was the University of Kentucky Solar Car Team’s (UKSCT) entry into the American Solar Car Challenge (ASC) 2010 event. The car makes use of 310 high density lithium-polymer batteries to account for a 5 kWh pack, enough to travel over 75 miles at 40 mph without power generated by the array. An in-house battery protection system and charge balancing system ensure safe and efficient use of the batteries. Various electrical sub-systems on the car communicate among each other via Controller Area Network (CAN). This real time data is then transmitted to an external computer via RF communication for data collection.
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Badawy, Mohamed O. "Grid Tied PV/Battery System Architecture and Power Management for Fast Electric Vehicles Charging." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468858915.
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Shaat, Musbah M. R. "Resource Management in Multicarrier Based Cognitive Radio Systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81300.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ever-increasing growth of the wireless application and services affirms the importance of the effective usage of the limited radio spectrum. Existing spectrum management policies have led to significant spectrum under-utilization. Recent measurements showed that large range of the spectrum is sparsely used in both temporal and spatial manner. This conflict
between the inefficient usage of the spectrum and the continuous evolution in the wireless communication calls upon the development of more flexible management policies. Cognitive radio (CR) with the dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is considered to be a key technology in making the best solution of this conflict by allowing a group of secondary users (SUs) to share the radio spectrum originally allocated to the primary user (PUs). The operation of CR should not negatively alter the performance of the PUs. Therefore, the interference control along with the highly dynamic nature of PUs activities open up new resource allocation problems in CR systems. The resource allocation algorithms should ensure an effective share of the temporarily available frequency bands and deliver the solutions in timely fashion to cope with quick changes in the network.
In this dissertation, the resource management problem in multicarrier based CR systems is considered. The dissertation focuses on three main issues: 1) design of efficient resource allocation algorithms to allocate subcarriers and powers between SUs such that no harmful interference is introduced to PUs, 2) compare the spectral efficiency of using different multicarrier schemes in the CR physical layer, specifically, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) schemes, 3) investigate the impact of the different constraints values on the overall performance of the CR system.
Three different scenarios are considered in this dissertation, namely downlink transmission, uplink transmission, and relayed transmission. For every scenario, the optimal solution is examined and efficient sub-optimal algorithms are proposed to reduce the computational burden of obtaining the optimal solution. The suboptimal algorithms are developed by separate the subcarrier and power allocation into two steps in downlink and uplink scenarios. In the relayed scenario, dual decomposition technique is used to obtain an asymptotically optimal solution, and a joint heuristic algorithm is proposed to find the suboptimal solution. Numerical simulations show that the proposed suboptimal algorithms achieve a near optimal performance and perform better than the existing algorithms designed for cognitive and non-cognitive systems. Eventually, the ability of FBMC to overcome the OFDM drawbacks and achieve more spectral efficiency is verified which recommends the consideration of FBMC in the future CR systems.El crecimiento continuo de las aplicaciones y servicios en sistemas inal´ambricos, indica la importancia y necesidad de una utilizaci´on eficaz del espectro radio. Las pol´ıticas actuales de gesti´on del espectro han conducido a una infrautilizaci´on del propio espectro radioel´ectrico. Recientes mediciones en diferentes entornos han mostrado que gran parte del espectro queda poco utilizado en sus ambas vertientes, la temporal, y la espacial. El permanente conflicto entre el uso ineficiente del espectro y la evoluci´on continua de los sistemas de comunicaci´on inal´ambrica, hace que sea urgente y necesario el desarrollo de esquemas de gesti´on del espectro m´as flexibles. Se considera el acceso din´amico (DSA) al espectro en los sistemas cognitivos como una tecnolog´ıa clave para resolver este conflicto al permitir que un grupo de usuarios secundarios (SUs) puedan compartir y acceder al espectro asignado inicialmente a uno o varios usuarios primarios (PUs). Las operaciones de comunicaci´on llevadas a cabo por los sistemas radio cognitivos no deben en ning´un caso alterar (interferir) los sistemas primarios. Por tanto, el control de la interferencia junto al gran dinamismo de los sistemas primarios implica nuevos retos en el control y asignaci´on de los recursos radio en los sistemas de comunicaci´on CR. Los algoritmos de gesti´on y asignaci´on de recursos (Radio Resource Management-RRM) deben garantizar una participaci´on efectiva de las bandas con frecuencias disponibles temporalmente, y ofrecer en cada momento oportunas soluciones para hacer frente a los distintos cambios r´apidos que influyen en la misma red. En esta tesis doctoral, se analiza el problema de la gesti´on de los recursos radio en sistemas multiportadoras CR, proponiendo varias soluciones para su uso eficaz y coexistencia con los PUs. La tesis en s´ı, se centra en tres l´ıneas principales: 1) el dise˜no de algoritmos eficientes de gesti´on de recursos para la asignaci´on de sub-portadoras y distribuci´on de la potencia en sistemas segundarios, evitando asi cualquier interferencia que pueda ser perjudicial para el funcionamiento normal de los usuarios de la red primaria, 2) analizar y comparar la eficiencia espectral alcanzada a la hora de utilizar diferentes esquema de transmisi´on multiportadora en la capa f´ısica del sistema CR, espec´ıficamente en sistemas basados en OFDM y los basados en banco de filtros multiportadoras (Filter bank Multicarrier-FBMC), 3) investigar el impacto de las diferentes limitaciones en el rendimiento total del sistema de CR. Los escenarios considerados en esta tesis son tres, es decir; modo de transmisi´on descendente (downlink), modo de transmisi´on ascendente (uplink), y el modo de transmisi´on ”Relay”. En cada escenario, la soluci´on ´optima es examinada y comparada con algoritmos sub- ´optimos que tienen como objetivo principal reducir la carga computacional. Los algoritmos sub-´optimos son llevados a cabo en dos fases mediante la separaci´on del propio proceso de distribuci´on de subportadoras y la asignaci´on de la potencia en los modos de comunicaci´on descendente (downlink), y ascendente (uplink). Para los entornos de tipo ”Relay”, se ha utilizado la t´ecnica de doble descomposici´on (dual decomposition) para obtener una soluci´on asint´oticamente ´optima. Adem´as, se ha desarrollado un algoritmo heur´ıstico para poder obtener la soluci´on ´optima con un reducido coste computacional. Los resultados obtenidos mediante simulaciones num´ericas muestran que los algoritmos sub-´optimos desarrollados logran acercarse a la soluci´on ´optima en cada uno de los entornos analizados, logrando as´ı un mayor rendimiento que los ya existentes y utilizados tanto en entornos cognitivos como no-cognitivos. Se puede comprobar en varios resultados obtenidos en la tesis la superioridad del esquema multiportadora FBMC sobre los sistemas basados en OFDM para los entornos cognitivos, causando una menor interferencia que el OFDM en los sistemas primarios, y logrando una mayor eficiencia espectral. Finalmente, en base a lo analizado en esta tesis, podemos recomendar al esquema multiportadora FBMC como una id´onea y potente forma de comunicaci´on para las futuras redes cognitivas.
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Gensollen, Nicolas. "Modeling and optimizing a distributed power network : a complex system approach of the "prosumer" management in the smart grid." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d’agents appelés prosumers parce qu’ils peuvent, à partir d’énergies renouvelables, à la fois produire et consommer de l’électricité. Si leurs productions excèdent leurs propres besoins, ceux-ci cherchent à vendre leur surplus sur des marchés de l’électricité. Nous proposons de modéliser ces prosumers à partir de données météorologiques, ce qui nous a permit de mettre en évidence des corrélations spatio-temporelles non triviales, d'une grande importance pour les agrégateurs qui forment des portefeuilles d’équipements afin de vendre des services à l'opérateur du réseau. Comme un agrégateur est lié par un contrat avec l'opérateur, il peut faire l'objet de sanctions s’il ne remplit pas son rôle. Nous montrons que ces corrélations impactent la stabilité des agrégats, et donc le risque encouru par les agrégateurs. Nous proposons un algorithme minimisant le risque d'un ensemble d’agrégations, tout en maximisant le gain attendu. La mise en place de dispositifs de stockage dans un réseau où les générateurs et les charges sont dynamiques et stochastiques est complexe. Nous proposons de répondre à cette question grâce à la théorie du contrôle. Nous modélisons le système électrique par un réseau d'oscillateurs couplés, dont la dynamique des angles de phase est une approximation de la dynamique réelle du système. Le but est de trouver le sous-ensemble des nœuds du graphe qui, lors d'une perturbation du système, permet le retour à l'équilibre si les bons signaux sont injectés, et ceci avec une énergie minimum. Nous proposons un algorithme pour trouver un placement proche de l'optimum permettant de minimiser l'énergie moyenne de contrôleThis thesis is devoted to the study of agents called prosumers because they can, from renewable, both produce and consume electricity. If their production exceeds their own needs, they are looking to sell their surplus on electricity markets. We propose to model these prosumers from meteorological data, which has allowed us to highlight non trivial spatial and temporal correlations. This is of great importance for aggregators that form portfolios of equipments to sell services to the network operator. As an aggregator is bound by a contract with the operator, it can be subject to penalties if it does not fulfill its role. We show that these correlations impact the stability of aggregates, and therefore the risk taken by the aggregators. We propose an algorithm minimizing the risk of the aggregations, while maximizing the expected gain. The placement of storage devices in a network where generators and loads are stochastic and not fixed is complex. We propose to answer this question with control theory. We model the electrical system as a network of coupled oscillators, whose phase angles dynamics is an approximation of the actual dynamics of the system. The goal is to find the subset of nodes in the graph that, during a disturbance of the system, allows returning to equilibrium if the right signals are injected and this with a minimum energy. We propose an algorithm to find a near optimal placement to minimize the average energy control
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García, Elvira David. "Contributions on DC microgrid supervision and control strategies for efficiency optimization through battery modeling, management, and balancing techniques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aquesta tesi presenta equips, models i estratègies de control que han estat desenvolupats amb l'objectiu final de millorar el funcionament d'una microxarxa CC.
Es proposen dues estratègies de control per a millorar l'eficiència dels convertidors CC-CC que interconnecten les unitats de potència de la microxarxa amb el bus CC. La primera estratègia, Control d'Optimització de Tensió de Bus centralitzat, administra la potència del Sistema d'Emmagatzematge d'Energia en Bateries de la microxarxa per aconseguir que la tensió del bus segueixi la referència dinàmica de tensió òptima que minimitza les pèrdues dels convertidors. La segona, Optimització en Temps Real de la Freqüència de Commutació, consisteix a operar localment cada convertidor a la seva freqüència de commutació òptima, minimitzant les seves pèrdues.
A més, es proposa una nova topologia d'equilibrador actiu de bateries mitjançant un únic convertidor CC-CC i s'ha dissenyat la seva estratègia de control. El convertidor CC-CC transfereix càrrega cel·la a cel·la, emprant encaminament de potència a través d'un sistema d'interruptors controlats. L'estratègia de control de l'equalitzador aconsegueix un ràpid equilibrat del SOC evitant sobrecompensar el desequilibri.
Finalment, es proposa un model simple de degradació d'una cel·la NMC amb elèctrode negatiu de grafit. El model combina la simplicitat d'un model de circuit equivalent, que explica la dinàmica ràpida de la cel·la, amb un model físic del creixement de la capa Interfase Sòlid-Electròlit (SEI), que prediu la pèrdua de capacitat i l'augment de la resistència interna a llarg termini. El model proposat quantifica la incorporació de liti al rang de liti ciclable necessària per a aconseguir els límits de OCV després de la pèrdua de liti ciclable en la reacció secundària. El model de degradació SEI pot emprar-se per a realitzar un control predictiu de bateries orientat a estendre la seva vida útil.Aquesta tesi presenta equips, models i estratègies de control que han estat desenvolupats amb l'objectiu final de millorar el funcionament d'una microxarxa CC. Es proposen dues estratègies de control per a millorar l'eficiència dels convertidors CC-CC que interconnecten les unitats de potència de la microxarxa amb el bus CC. La primera estratègia, Control d'Optimització de Tensió de Bus centralitzat, administra la potència del Sistema d'Emmagatzematge d'Energia en Bateries de la microxarxa per aconseguir que la tensió del bus segueixi la referència dinàmica de tensió òptima que minimitza les pèrdues dels convertidors. La segona, Optimització en Temps Real de la Freqüència de Commutació, consisteix a operar localment cada convertidor a la seva freqüència de commutació òptima, minimitzant les seves pèrdues. A més, es proposa una nova topologia d'equilibrador actiu de bateries mitjançant un únic convertidor CC-CC i s'ha dissenyat la seva estratègia de control. El convertidor CC-CC transfereix càrrega cel·la a cel·la, emprant encaminament de potència a través d'un sistema d'interruptors controlats. L'estratègia de control de l'equalitzador aconsegueix un ràpid equilibrat del SOC evitant sobrecompensar el desequilibri. Finalment, es proposa un model simple de degradació d'una cel·la NMC amb elèctrode negatiu de grafit. El model combina la simplicitat d'un model de circuit equivalent, que explica la dinàmica ràpida de la cel·la, amb un model físic del creixement de la capa Interfase Sòlid-Electròlit (SEI), que prediu la pèrdua de capacitat i l'augment de la resistència interna a llarg termini. El model proposat quantifica la incorporació de liti al rang de liti ciclable necessària per a aconseguir els límits de OCV després de la pèrdua de liti ciclable en la reacció secundària. El model de degradació SEI pot emprar-se per a realitzar un control predictiu de bateries orientat a estendre la seva vida útil.
This dissertation presents a set of equipment, models and control strategies, that have been developed with the final goal of improving the operation of a DC microgrid. Two control strategies are proposed to improve the efficiency of the DC-DC converters that interface the microgrid’s power units with the DC bus. The first strategy is centralized Bus Voltage Optimization Control, which manages the power of the microgrid’s Battery Energy Storage System to make the bus voltage follow the optimum voltage dynamic reference that minimizes the converters’ losses. The second control strategy is Online Optimization of Switching Frequency, which consists in locally operating each converter at its optimum switching frequency, again minimizing power losses. The two proposed optimization strategies have been validated in simulations. Moreover, a new converter-based active balancing topology has been proposed and its control strategy has been designed. This equalizer topology consists of a single DC-DC converter that performs cell-to-cell charge transfer employing power routing via controlled switches. The control strategy of the equalizer has been designed to achieve rapid SOC balancing while avoiding imbalance overcompensation. Its performance has been validated in simulation. Finally, a simple degradation model of an NMC battery cell with graphite negative electrode is proposed. The model combines the simplicity of an equivalent circuit model, which explains the fast dynamics of the cell, with a physical model of the Solid-Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer growth process, which predicts the capacity loss and the internal resistance rise in the long term. The proposed model fine-tunes the capacity loss prediction by accounting for the incorporation of unused lithium reserves of both electrodes into the cyclable lithium range to reach the OCV limits after the side reaction has consumed cyclable lithium. The SEI degradation model can be used to perform predictive control of batteries oriented toward extending their lifetime.
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Cochet, Martin. "Energy efficiency optimization in 28 nm FD-SOI : circuit design for adaptive clocking and power-temperature aware digital SoCs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'efficacité énergétique est devenue une métrique clé de la performance des systèmes sur puce numériques, en particulier pour les applications tirant leur énergie de batteries ou de l'environnement. La miniaturisation technologique n'est plus suffisante pour atteindre les niveaux de consommation requis. Ce travail de recherche propose ainsi de nouvelles conceptions de circuits pour la génération d'horloge flexible, la mesure de puissance et de température ainsi que l'intégration de ces blocs au sein de systèmes sur puce complets.Le multiplieur de fréquence innovant en boucle ouverte proposé permet l'adaptation rapide de la fréquence générée (53MHz 0.5V - 889MHz 0.9 V). Sa surface réduite (981µm2) et faible consommation (0.45pJ/cycle à 0.5 V) facilitent son intégration dans des systèmes à basse consommation. Le capteur de puissance instrumente un convertisseur de tension switched-capacitor; validé sur deux architectures différentes, il permet une mesure de la puissance d'entrée et de sortie avec une précision de 2.5% à 6%. Enfin, un nouveau principe de capteur de température est proposé. Il exploite une méthode de calibration par body-biasing sur caisson n et un système numérique intégré pour la compensation de non-linéarité. Enfin, cette thèse illustre la manière dont ces circuits peuvent être intégrés pour assurer la gestion de consommation de systèmes complexes. Un travail de modélisation du body-biasing est proposé, illustrant sa complémentarité avec la gestion de tension d'alimentation. Puis trois exemples de stratégies de gestion de la consommation sont proposées au sein de systèmes completsEnergy efficiency has become a key metric for digital SoC, especially for applications relying on batteries or energy harvesting. Hence, this work proposes new designs for on-chip flexible clock generator, power monitor and temperature sensor as well as the integration of those blocks within complete SoC.The novel open-loop clock multiplier architecture enables fast frequency scaling and is implemented to operate on the same voltage-frequency range as a digital core ((53MHz 0.5V - 889MHz 0.9 V). The achieved extremely low area (981µm2) and power consumption 0.45pJ/cycle 0.5 V) also ease its integration within low power SoC. The proposed power monitor instruments switched capacitor DC-DC converters, which are standard components of low voltage SoCs. The monitor has been demonstrated over two different converters topologies and provides a measurement of both the converter input and output power within 2.5% to 6% accuracy. Last, a new principle of temperature sensor is proposed. It leverages single n well body-biasing for calibration and integrated digital logic for large non-linearity correction. It is expected to achieve within 1C accuracy 0.1nJ / sample and 225 µm2 probe area. Then, this work illustrates how those circuits can be integrated within complex SoCs power management strategies. First, a modeling study of body biasing highlights the benefits it can provide in complement to voltage scaling, accounting for a wide temperature range. Last, three example of power management are proposed at SoC level
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Xiang, Yusheng, and Marcus Geimer. "Optimization of operation strategy for primary torque based hydrostatics drivetrain using artificial intelligence." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new primary torque control concept for hydrostatics mobile machines was introduced in 2018 [1]. The mentioned concept controls the pressure in a closed circuit by changing the angle of the hydraulic pump to achieve the desired pressure based on a feedback system. Thanks to this concept, a series of advantages are expected [2]. However, while working in a Y cycle, the primary torque controlled wheel loader has worse performance in efficiency compared to secondary controlled earthmover due to lack of recuperation ability. Alternatively, we use deep learning algorithms to improve machines’ regeneration performance. In this paper, we firstly make a potential analysis to show the benefit by utilizing the regeneration process, followed by proposing a series of CRDNNs, which combine CNN, RNN, and DNN, to precisely detect Y cycles. Compared to existing algorithms, the CRDNN with bidirectional LSTMs has the best accuracy, and the CRDNN with LSTMs has a comparable performance but much fewer training parameters. Based on our dataset including 119 truck loading cycles, our best neural network shows a 98.2 % test accuracy. Therefore, even with a simple regeneration process, our algorithm can improve the holistic efficiency of mobile machines up to 9% during Y cycle processes if primary torque concept is used.
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Lai, Farley. "Stream processing optimizations for mobile sensing applications." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mobile sensing applications (MSAs) are an emerging class of applications that process continuous sensor data streams to make time-sensitive inferences. Representative application domains range from environmental monitoring, context-aware services to recognition of physical activities and social interactions. Example applications involve city air quality assessment, indoor localization, pedometer and speaker identification. The common application workflow is to read data streams from the sensors (e.g, accelerometers, microphone, GPS), extract statistical features, and then present the inferred high-level events to the user. MSAs in the healthcare domain especially draw a significant amount of attention in recent years because sensor-based data collection and assessment offer finer-granularity, timeliness, and higher accuracy in greater quantity than traditional, labor-intensive, data gathering mechanisms in use today, e.g., surveys methods. The higher fidelity and accuracy of the collected data expose new research opportunities, improve the reliability and accuracy of medical decisions, and empower users to manage personal health more effectively.
Nonetheless, a critical challenge to practical deployment of MSAs in real-world is to effectively manage limited resources of mobile platforms to meet stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements in terms of processing throughput and delay while ensuring long term robustness. To address the challenge, we model MSAs in dataflows as a graph of processing elements that are connected by communication channels. The processing elements may execute in parallel as long as they have sufficient data to process. A key feature of the dataflow model is that it explicitly capture parallelism and data dependencies between processing elements. Based on the graph composition, we first proposed CSense, a stream-processing toolkit for robust and high-rate MSAs. In this work, CSense provide a simple language for developers to describe their sensing flow without the need to deal with system intricacy, such as memory allocation, concurrency control and power management. The results show up to 19X performance difference may be achieved automatically compared with a baseline using the default runtime concurrency and memory management.
Following this direction, we saw the opportunities that MSAs can be significantly improved from the perspective of memory performance and energy efficiency in view of the iterative execution. Therefore, we next focus on optimizing the runtime memory management through compile time analysis. The contribution is a stream compiler that captures the whole program memory behavior to generate an efficient memory layout for runtime access. Experiments show that our memory optimizations reduce memory footprint by as much as 96% while matching or improving the performance of the StreamIt compiler with cache optimizations enabled.
On the other hand, while there is a significant body of work that has focused on optimizing the throughput or latency of processing sensor streams, little to no attention has been given to energy efficiency. We proposed an accurate offline energy prediction model for MSAs that leverages the pipeline structure and iterative execution nature to search for the most energy saving batching configuration w.r.t. a deadline constraint. The developers are expected to visualize the energy delay trade-off in the parameter space without runtime profiling. The evaluation shows the worst-case prediction errors are about 7% and 15% for energy and latency respectively despite variable application workloads.
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Sandoval, Marcelo. "Electric vehicle-intelligent energy management system for frequency regulation application using a distributed, prosumer-based grid control architecture." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47708.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The world faces the unprecedented challenge of the need change to a new energy era. The introduction of distributed renewable energy and storage together with transportation electrification and deployment of electric and hybrid vehicles, allows traditional consumers to not only consume, but also to produce, or store energy.
The active participation of these so called "prosumers", and their interactions may have a significant impact on the operations of the emerging smart grid. However, how these capabilities should be integrated with the overall system operation is unclear.
Intelligent energy management systems give users the insight they need to make informed decisions about energy consumption. Properly implemented, intelligent energy management systems can help cut energy use, spending, and emissions.
This thesis aims to develop a consumer point of view, user-friendly, intelligent energy management system that enables vehicle drivers to plan their trips, manage their battery pack and under specific circumstances, inject electricity from their plug-in vehicles to power the grid, contributing to frequency regulation.
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Kingry, Nathaniel. "Heuristic Optimization and Sensing Techniques for Mission Planning of Solar-Powered Unmanned Ground Vehicles." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523874767812408.
Повний текст джерела