Дисертації з теми "Optimisation de la géométrie"
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Abril, Bucero Marta. "Matrices de moments, géométrie algébrique réelle et optimisation polynomiale." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4118/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to compute the optimum of a polynomial on a closed basic semialgebraic set and the points where this optimum is reached. To achieve this goal we combine border basis method with Lasserre's hierarchy in order to reduce the size of the moment matrices in the SemiDefinite Programming (SDP) problems. In order to verify if the minimum is reached we describe a new criterion to verify the flat extension condition using border basis. Combining these new results we provide a new algorithm which computes the optimum and the minimizers points. We show several experimentations and some applications in different domains which prove the perfomance of the algorithm. Theorethically we also prove the finite convergence of a SDP hierarchie contructed from a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker ideal and its consequences in particular cases. We also solve the particular case where the minimizers are not KKT points using Fritz-John Variety
Gurtner, Gérald. "Géométrie, topologie et optimisation des réseaux et structures cellulaires." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077165.
Повний текст джерелаSome particular networks of very different essences - electrical, thermal, fluidic, mecanic - exhibit, in a first approximation, some strong mathematical analogies, allowing us to conduct a common analysis of their emergent properties - electrical, thermal or fluidic conductivity, and elastic moduli. With a variationnal approach, we established absolute bounds on these quantifies as well as a set of geometrical necessary and sufficient conditions (NSC) to reach them. These conditions lead to new optimal structures, both in two and three dimensions. Thanks to a numerical program, which allowed us to verify these predictions, we then characterized the bending/streching transition which appears in fibrous networks. With the help of the NSC, we computed analytically some statistic, microscopic features of these networks, which might be of importance in the future to understand this phenomenon, as our analyze suggests it. Moreover, we used the programm to investigate the problem of the junctions' energy and showed the presence of several transitions, described by power laws. Finally, we calculated the macroscopic characteristics of some networks close to the optimality, and introduced a new average quantity based on the NSC which seemed to be of importance to quantify this deviation from optimality
Olaru, Sorin. "La commande des systèmes dynamiques sous contraintes Interaction optimisation-géométrie-commande." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00641658.
Повний текст джерелаKhoury, Ibrahim. "Optimisation de la géométrie de l'outillage pour les procédés de forgeage." Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0012.
Повний текст джерелаIn the forging field, numerical simulation allows reducing the use of the experimental investigation and tests required in a real tryout process. In The LASMIS laboratory a finite element package has been developed to solve elasto-visco-plasticity problems with ductile damage in large deformation. In the optimisation of forming process, several research teams approached the optimization of performs. They don’t take into account the apparition of damage during the simulation of the forging process. The thesis objective is to identify the pertinent geometric parameters of axisymetric parts which allow the minimisation of the forging energy. The two major criteria’s are the correct filling and the absence of damage appearance. In this work, two automatic procedures are introduced to test the filling by comparing geometry of the rough forged and the machined one. Then a procedure has been set to localize if the damage occurs in zones that will be machined or in zones that are inside the machined forged part. Then, a semi automatic optimization method is described in order to study the effect of the geometric parameters on the forging energy with the constraint of maximal value of damage to be kept out of the final machined part. The originality of this work is the study of the effect of the geometrical parameters with technological significations on the forging energy and the appearance and the localization of the damage in the forged part
Ghidossi, Rémy. "Membranes céramiques : optimisation de la géométrie par simulation numérique et application industrielle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11015.
Повний текст джерелаCatapano, Anita. "Stiffness and strength optimisation of the anisotropy distribution for laminated structures." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066062.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we deal with the problem of determining the best distribution of the anisotropy for a laminated structure that has to be simultaneously the stiffest and the strongest one. The work has been divided into three main parts. In the first part we presented all the concepts and tools that we have used to develop the research. In the second part we have proposed a tensor invariant formulation, through the polar method, of different polynomial failure criteria for orthotropic sheets. Then, we considered the problem of determining the optimal material orientation to maximise strength by the minimisation of the failure index. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the development of a new strategy to optimise simultaneously the stiffness and strength of a laminated structure. Our approach is inspired from an already existing hierarchical strategy for the only stiffness maximisation. First of all we defined a new laminate level failure criterion valid for an equivalent homogenised plate. Then, conscious of having two functional, the complementary energy and the laminate failure index, to be minimised at the same time, we proved that the first step of the strategy can be stated as two problems characterised by two functional that are sequentially minimised, preserving only the orthotropy direction. In the first step of the strategy we developed three different algorithms to determine the optimal distribution of material parameters for a given structure. Finally we dealt with the problem of determining the laminate stacking sequence satisfying the optimal distribution of material parameters issued from the first step of the hierarchical strategy
Jartoux, Bruno. "On combinatorial approximation algorithms in geometry." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1078/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe analysis of approximation techniques is a key topic in computational geometry, both for practical and theoretical reasons. In this thesis we discuss sampling tools for geometric structures and geometric approximation algorithms in combinatorial optimization. Part I focuses on the combinatorics of geometric set systems. We start by discussing packing problems in set systems, including extensions of a lemma of Haussler, mainly the so-called shallow packing lemma. For said lemma we also give an optimal lower bound that had been conjectured but not established in previous work on the topic. Then we use this lemma, together with the recently introduced polynomial partitioning technique, to study a combinatorial analogue of the Macbeath regions from convex geometry: Mnets, for which we unify previous existence results and upper bounds, and also give some lower bounds. We highlight their connection with epsilon-nets, staples of computational and combinatorial geometry, for example by observing that the unweighted epsilon-net bound of Chan et al. (SODA 2012) or Varadarajan (STOC 2010) follows directly from our results on Mnets. Part II deals with local-search techniques applied to geometric restrictions of classical combinatorial optimization problems. Over the last ten years such techniques have produced the first polynomial-time approximation schemes for various problems, such as that of computing a minimum-sized hitting set for a collection of input disks from a set of input points. In fact, it was shown that for many of these problems, local search with radius Θ(1/epsilon²) gives a (1 + epsilon)-approximation with running time n^{O(1/epsilon²)}. However the question of whether the exponent of n could be decreased to o(1/epsilon²) was left open. We answer it in the negative: the approximation guarantee of local search cannot be improved for any of these problems. The key ingredient is a new lower bound on locally expanding planar graphs, which is then used to show the impossibility results
Boisson, Viviane. "Etude de la géométrie optimale des périphéries des jonctions Planar." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19019.
Повний текст джерелаBus, Norbert. "The use of geometric structures in graphics and optimization." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1117/document.
Повний текст джерелаReal-world data has a large geometric component, showing significant geometric patterns. How to use the geometric nature of data to design efficient methods has became a very important topic in several scientific fields, e.g., computational geometry, discrete geometry, computer graphics, computer vision. In this thesis we use geometric structures to design efficient algorithms for problems in two domains, computer graphics and combinatorial optimization. Part I focuses on a geometric data structure called well-separated pair decomposition and its usage for one of the most challenging problems in computer graphics, namely efficient photo-realistic rendering. One solution is the family of many-lights methods that approximate global illumination by individually computing illumination from a large number of virtual point lights (VPLs) placed on surfaces. Considering each VPL individually results in a vast number of calculations. One successful strategy the reduce computations is to group the VPLs into a small number of clusters that are treated as individual lights with respect to each point to be shaded. We use the well-separated pair decomposition of points as a basis for a data structure for pre-computing and compactly storing a set of view independent candidate VPL clusterings showing that a suitable clustering of the VPLs can be efficiently extracted from this data structure. We show that instead of clustering points and/or VPLs independently what is required is to cluster the product-space of the set of points to be shaded and the set of VPLs based on the induced pairwise illumination. Additionally we propose an adaptive sampling technique to reduce the number of visibility queries for each product-space cluster. Our method handles any light source that can be approximated with virtual point lights (VPLs), highly glossy materials and outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods. Part II focuses on developing new approximation algorithms for a fundamental NP-complete problem in computational geometry, namely the minimum hitting set problem with particular focus on the case where given a set of points and a set of disks, we wish to compute the minimum-sized subset of the points that hits all disks. It turns out that efficient algorithms for geometric hitting set rely on a key geometric structure, called epsilon-net. We give an algorithm that uses only Delaunay triangulations to construct epsilon-nets of size 13.4/epsilon and we provide a practical implementation of a technique to calculate hitting sets in near-linear time using small sized epsilon-nets. Our results yield a 13.4 approximation for the hitting set problem with an algorithm that runs efficiently even on large data sets. For smaller datasets, we present an implementation of the local search technique along with tight approximation bounds for its approximation factor, yielding an (8 + epsilon)-approximation algorithm with running time O(n^{2.34})
Renaud, Denis. "Caractérisation du propulseur PEGASES : diagnostics du filtre magnétique et du faisceau : optimisation de la géométrie." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe PEGASES ion thruster differs from standard electric propulsion technologies through its use of electronegative gases, such as SF₆, as a propellant. Its operation relies on the trapping of electrons using a magnetic field and the creation of a plasma dominated by positive and negative ions. These ions are alternately accelerated to produce thrust, and later undergo a recombination to ensure beam neutrality. This thruster eliminates the need for an electron-producing neutralizer, which is a standard feature in other sources such as the Hall thruster. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first describes the development and implementation of a new EXB probe for the study of the ion beam properties, the identification of the beam chemical composition and the verification of the presence of negative and positive ion species. The second part concerns the design and application of a new laser photodetachment diagnostic for the measurement of the negative ion fraction. Lastly, a new ion-ion thruster with a circular geometry, known as AIPE, has been designed, constructed and successfully tested. This prototype eliminates the plasma asymmetry present in PEGASES and reveals the importance of the magnetic filter to source operation
Bouchard, Florent. "Géométrie et optimisation riemannienne pour la diagonalisation conjointe : application à la séparation de sources d'électroencéphalogrammes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe approximate joint diagonalisation of a set of matrices allows the solution of the blind source separation problem and finds several applications, for instance in electroencephalography, a technique for measuring brain activity.The approximate joint diagonalisation is formulated as an optimization problem with three components: the choice of the criterion to be minimized, the non-degeneracy constraint on the solution and the solving algorithm.Existing approaches mainly consider two criteria, the least-squares and the log-likelihood.They are specific to a constraint and are limited to only one type of solving algorithms.In this thesis, we propose to formulate the approximate joint diagonalisation problem in a geometrical fashion, which generalizes previous works and allows the definition of new criteria, particularly those linked to information theory.We also propose to exploit Riemannian optimisation and we define tools that allow to have the three components varying independently, creating in this way new methods and revealing the influence of the choice of the model.Numerical experiments on simulated data as well as on electroencephalographic recordings show that our approach by means of Riemannian optimisation gives results that are competitive as compared to existing methods.They also indicate that the two traditional criteria do not perform best in all situations
Al-Khalidi, Khaldoun. "Reconstruction tomographique en géométrie conique par la technique du maximum de vraisemblance : optimisation et parallélisation." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2009.
Повний текст джерелаSzafran, Nicolas. "Zonoèdres : de la géométrie algorithmique à la théorie de la séparation." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340412.
Повний текст джерелаDuval, Benoît. "Optimisation de maillages non structurés dans des géométries déformables." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES022.
Повний текст джерелаNguyên, Thanh Trung. "On the auto-correlation of sets of shapes and its application to optical aperture synthesis." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4089.
Повний текст джерелаThe results of this thesis concerns finding the configurations of optical telescopes that can synthesize high quality images in high resolution earth observation. The quality of a synthesized image depends primarily on the so-called modulation transfer function which itself depends only on the size and the position of the telescopes. This problem is difficult in that the algebraic expression of the modulation transfer function with the size and the position of the telescopes is not known. We obtain some new results using the computational geometry and optimization approach
Lepage, Guillaume. "Caractérisation et optimisation d'une pile à combustible microbienne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836765.
Повний текст джерелаSacchelli, Ludovic. "Singularités en géométrie sous-riemannienne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX050/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe investigate the relationship between features of of sub-Riemannian geometry and an array of singularities that typically arise in this context.With sub-Riemannian Whitney theorems, we ensure the existence of global extensions of horizontal curves defined on closed set by requiring a non-singularity hypothesis on the endpoint-map of the nilpotent approximation of the manifold to be satisfied.We apply perturbative methods to obtain asymptotics on the length of short locally-length-minimizing curves losing optimality in contact sub-Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension. We describe the geometry of the singular set and prove its stability in the case of manifolds of dimension 5.We propose a construction to define line fields using pairs of vector fields. This provides a natural topology to study the stability of singularities of line fields on surfaces
Mora, Thierry. "Géométrie et inférence dans l'optimisation et en théorie de l'information." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112162.
Повний текст джерелаMenguy, Yann. "Optimisation quadratique et géométrique de problèmes de dosimétrie inverse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005003.
Повний текст джерелаCognot, Richard. "La méthode D. S. I. : optimisation, implémentation et applications." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL003N.
Повний текст джерелаBobenrieth, Cédric. "Modélisation géométrique par croquis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2019/Bobenrieth_Cedric_2019_ED269.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, 3D modeling is omnipresent, however modern tools for creating 3D models are complex and time consuming. Conversely, the sketch is a natural way to quickly communicate ideas, so a method allowing the automatic reconstruction of 3D objects from a sketch would simplify this process. This method should solve two problems: the computation of the hidden parts of the drawn shape and the determination of the 3D coordinates from the 2D data of the sketch. In this thesis, we present two new approaches that aim to overcome these problems. The first makes use of a priori and a pre-existing database to allow automatic 3D reconstruction of flowers from a single sketch from any angle of view. The second allows the reconstruction of all types of objects, without limitations, using a more informative drawing style and being guided by the user
Greuet, Aurélien. "Optimisation polynomiale et variétés polaires : théorie, algorithmes et implantations." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922805.
Повний текст джерелаJosz, Cédric. "Application of polynomial optimization to electricity transmission networks." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066352/document.
Повний текст джерелаTransmission system operators need to adapt their decision-making tools to the technological evolutions of the twenty first century. A computation inherent to most tools seeks to find alternating-current power flows that minimize power loss or generation cost. Mathematically, it consists in an optimization problem that can be described using only addition and multiplication of complex numbers. The objective of this thesis is to find global solutions, in other words the best solutions to the problem. One of the outcomes of this highly collaborative doctoral project is to use recent results from algebraic geometry to compute globally optimal power flows in the European high-voltage transmission network
Lanterne, Célestin. "Réparation et optimisation de maillages 3D pour l'impression 3D." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0454.
Повний текст джерела3D printers use 3D models in the form of meshes to define the geometry and the appearance of objects to be printed. A 3D mesh must have some topological properties so that the geometry it represents could be printable and the geometry itself must respect certain conditions to be printable. These properties and conditions may vary depending on the 3D printing technologies in use.Many 3D meshes used for printing were not initially designed for this purpose application. The main primary use of these meshes is visualization, which does not require the same topological properties and geometric conditions. The subject of this thesis is the repair of these meshes to make them printable.A repair chain including several steps was designed for this purpose. Non-manifold conditions are repaired by extracting related components (surfaces). The boundaries of surfaces are detected and classified according to the best repair to be applied on each. The boundaries of surfaces are repaired according to their classification either by a filling method or by an offset method. The weakness of the geometry is detected and controlled
Allègre, Guillaume. "Représentation géométrique des arrangements de droites du plan." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004631.
Повний текст джерелаDelyon, Alexandre. "Shape Optimisation Problems Around the Geometry of Branchiopod Eggs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0123.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we are interested in a problem of mathematics applied to biology. The aim is to explain the shape of the eggs of Eulimnadia, a small animal belonging to the class Branchiopods}, and more precisely the Limnadiidae. Indeed, according to the theory of evolution it is reasonable to think that the shape of living beings or objects derived from living beings is optimized to ensure the survival and expansion of the species in question. To do this we have opted for the inverse modeling method. The latter consists in proposing a biological explanation for the shape of the eggs, then modeling it in the form of a mathematical problem, and more precisely a shape optimisation problem which we try to solve and finally compare the shape obtained to the real one. We have studied two models, one leading to geometry and packing problems, the other to shape optimisation problems in linear elasticity. After the resolution of the first modeling problem, another mathematical question naturally arose to us, and we managed to solve it, resulting in the complete Blaschke-Santalò (A,D,r) diagram. In other words we can answer the following question: given three positive numbers A,D, and r, and it is possible to find a convex set of the plane whose area is equal to A, diameter equal to D, and radius of the inscribed circle equal to r
DANIILIDIS, Aris. "Analyse convexe et quasi-convexe ; applications en optimisation." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001355.
Повний текст джерелаRobert, Julien. "Optimisation des transferts de chaleur et structures d'un écoulement fluide entre deux parois ondulées à géométrie variable : application aux échangeurs compacts." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2252.
Повний текст джерелаThis experimental approach concerns the study of the flows of air within wavy channels representing fin surfaces of aeronautics compact heat exchangers. The objective of this study is to understand and to analyse the dynamic and thermal mechanisms which develop within these complex geometries. A very particular attention was turned on the characterization of the phenomena of transfers in walls. Results show the influence of geometric no dimensional parameters on the organization of internal flow: factor of distance, factor of wave and phase. Flow is the seat of the development of boundary layers characterized by successive points of detachment and reattachment. These phenomena are at the origin of strong gradients of wall stress in good correlation with the also important variations of local heat exchanges. Empirical laws are offered for high Reynolds numbers. The fine analysis of results allows offering an optimum geometry. These works show that the mean and fluctuating flow is established beyond the 4th period of wave. The development of turbulent structures and the level of turbulence is independent of the initial rate of turbulence, but depend closely on geometric dimensions of the wavy channel and the regime of internal flow
Bigand, Michel. "Générateur automatique de géométries admissibles en optimisation de forme." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066082.
Повний текст джерелаRakotoarisoa, Hery. "Modélisation géométrique et optimisation de structures géologiques 3D." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO19004.
Повний текст джерелаMesnil, Romain. "Explorations structurelles de domaines de formes constructibles pour l’architecture non-standard." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1151/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe last decades have seen the emergence of non-standard architectural shapes. Designers find often themselves helpless with the geometrical complexity of these objects. Furthermore, the available tools dissociate shape and structural behaviour, which adds another complication. This dissertation takes the point of view based on invariance under geometrical transformations, and studies several strategies for fabrication-aware shape modelling. Three technological constraints have been identified and correspond to three independent contributions of this thesis.The repetition of nodes is studied via transformations by parallelism. They are used to generalise surfaces of revolution. A special parametrisation of moulding surfaces is found with this method. The resulting structure has a high node congruence.Cyclidic nets are then used to model shapes parametrised by their lines of curvature. This guarantees meshing by planar panels and torsion-free beam layout. The contribution of this dissertation is the implementation of several improvements, like doubly-curved creases, a hole-filling strategy that allows the extension of cyclidic nets to complex topologies, and the generation of a generalisation of canal surfaces from two rail curves and one profile curves.Finally, an innovative method inspired by descriptive geometry is proposed to generate doubly-curved shapes covered with planar facets. The method, called marionette technique, reduces the problem to a linear problem, which can be solved in real-time. A comparative study shows that this technique can be used to parametrise shape optimisation of shell structures without loss of performance compared to usual modelling technique. The handling of fabrication constraints in shape optimisation opens new possibilities for its practical application, like gridshells or plated shell structures. The relevance of those solutions is demonstrated through multiple case-studies
Julisson, Sarah. "Optimisation de formes de coques minces pour des géométries complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV106/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the design process, optimizationof shapes offers manufacturers solutions for improvingproducts performances. In particular, thin shellstructures that represent about 70 % of a vehicle, area concern in the automotive industry. Most optimizationmethods for surface structures have limitationsand require expertise at every level of the optimizationprocedure.The aim of this thesis is to propose a new strategyfor the shape optimization of thin shell structures.The approach presented rely on using the Koiter’sshell model based on an isogeometric analysis. Thismethod allows for simulations on the exact geometryby defining the shape using CAD patches. Selectedoptimization variables are the control points used tocontrol the shape of the CAD patches. Variations ofthese points allows to scan a wide design space withfew parameters. The definition of patchs also enablesto find a gradient with respect to the shape for theoptimization by using the adjoint state method.This method was applied to mechanical criteria fromthe Renault design offices. Optimization results for acompliance criterion are presented. The definition andimplementation of vibro-acoustic criteria are discussedat the end of this thesis. The results demonstratethe interest of the method. However, many developmentswill be needed before being able to apply it inthe industry
Janaqi, Stefan. "Quelques éléments de la géométrie des graphes : graphes médians, produits d'arbres, génération convexe des graphes de Polymino." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10093.
Повний текст джерелаGodineau, Kévin. "Optimisation du pilotage de chaînes opto-mécaniques pour l'exécution de trajectoires en fabrication additive par fusion laser sur lit de poudre." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN019.
Повний текст джерелаIn metal additive manufacturing by laser powder bed fusion, the geometry and mechanical characteristics of the produced parts are generated during the manufacturing process. These two aspects are greatly influenced by the laser spot trajectories, and by the control of the energy provided to the powder locally. The numerical control system, whose purpose is to generate instructions to be sent to actuators, has therefore a significant impact on the quality of the parts produced.This work proposes to study the local impact of the operations carried out in the numerical control on both the trajectories executed and the energy provided to the material. In the literature, few studies have addressed these aspects in additive manufacturing. For this reason, an experimental platform is implemented and used to analyze and better understand the operations currently implemented in industrial numerical controls.First, a mathematical model representative of the machine geometry is established. This model converts the laser spot trajectories into instructions for actuators. The model developed is used to improve the calibration step of the machines. Once the system is calibrated, the instructions sent to the actuators are studied. The various processes carried out in the industrial numerical control are analysed, limitations are highlighted and several proposals for improvements are implemented. All these developments are then used to precisely control the energy supplied to the material in the case of certain trajectories adapted to the process. The scientific developments proposed in these works are all validated experimentally on an additive manufacturing machine or on the test bench developed. The work carried out makes it possible to envisage many perspectives concerning the improvement of the treatments carried out inside the numerical control in additive manufacturing
Sergent, Philippe. "Optimisation géométrique du contrôle actif dans les gaines de ventilation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529385.
Повний текст джерелаLedoux, Yann. "Optimisation des procédés d'emboutissage par caractérisation géométrique et essais numériques." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419320.
Повний текст джерелаSERGENT, PHILIPPE. "Optimisation géométrique du contrôle actif dans les gaines de ventilation." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9607.
Повний текст джерелаBennani, Dosse Mohammed. "Analyses métriques à trois voies." Rennes 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN20010.
Повний текст джерелаProximity relationships such as similarity, dissimilarity, and distance are usually defined for pairs of objects. Models such as individual differences multidimensional scaling attach a third subscript to the proximities, but that subscript belongs to a member of a different set. This work describes three-way distances, defined on triples, and using five axioms generalized from the usual metric axioms for two-way distance measure. We discuss several examples of such three-way dissimilarities : the semi-perimeter of a triangle formed by three points in space, the three-way star distance and the three-way ultra metric in which the distance is the height of the lowest node on a dendrogram at which three objects join. One important feature of this work is that the approach, introduced by Joly-Le Calve, embraces not only three-way one-mode data but three-way three-mode data as well in which the distance is defined for three objects belonging to three distinct sets. We give new methods which represent the objects of the three sets by a set of points located in a p-dimensional Euclidean space, optimizing a simultaneous representation, such methods are then applied to several real data
Nogneng, Dorian. "Non-rigid correspondences between surfaces embedded in 3D." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX109/document.
Повний текст джерелаHandling and processing the massive amount of 3D data has become a challenge with countless applications, such as computer-aided design, biomedical computing, interactive games, machine perception, robotics, etc. Geometry Processing is an area of research at the interface between algorithmics, applied mathematics and computer science related to the above applications, that exists since approximately 50 years. It is a large topic of research that includes sub-areas. The problem of shape correspondence (also known as "shape matching") consists in, given a pair of shapes, finding a "good" correspondence between them. For example we may want the correspondence to preserve geodesic distances, or local geometric features.This problem has received a growing interest, in part due to its wide applicability, for example in animation, shape morphing or statistical shape modeling.The functional map framework is a recent tool that has shown many useful properties for shape matching. This approach provides a smooth compact representation of correspondences between shapes, and most constraints over functional maps can be expressed as linear constraints, which allows a least squares formulation of the problem.In this thesis we focus on the problem of shape correspondence, specifically using functional maps. In Chapter 1 we introduce basic notions and notations that will be used throughout the thesis, related to continuous and discrete surfaces, the Laplace-Beltrami operator, the problem of non-rigid shape matching, and the standard functional map computation pipeline.In Chapter 2 we notice that functional maps that are induced by point-to-point maps should satisfy point-wise product preservation constraints. We apply this observation to shape descriptors in order to improve the previous classical constraints on functional maps. This leads to an approach that allows to extract more information from existing constraints and results in better correspondences, particularly when the number of independent descriptors is small.In Chapter 3 we build on the previous remark, but this time in the situation where we already have a functional map that was computed by an existing method. We notice that the point-wise product preservation can also be used to extend the domain over which the given functional map can transfer functions. We show that this allows to improve the accuracy of function transfer.In Chapter 4 we extend the approach proposed in Chapter 3 by noticing that instead of using point-wise function products, the point-wise composition by any fixed operator should also be preserved. We use a neural network that optimizes the approximation of a given function that we want to transfer, as a point-wise function of some basis functions that we already know how to transfer using a given functional map. We then describe how to apply this trained network to the image of the basis functions to construct the image of the function that we want to transfer. We show preliminary results that suggest that this method can lead to significant improvement for function transfer.Finally, in Chapter 5 we mention other topics studied during the thesis, that are unrelated to non-rigid shape matching
Delgado, Gabriel. "Optimisation des structures composites: Une analyse de sensibilité géométrique et topologique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01005520.
Повний текст джерелаShokair, Ahmad. "Optimization of hybrid broadcast/broadband networks for the delivery of linear services using stochastic geometry." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAR0025.
Повний текст джерелаModern mobile devices are able to connect to different types of networks to receive services such as mobile TV and multimedia streaming. This includes cellular Broadband (BB) networks like Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5GNew Radio (5G-NR), and terrestrial Broadcast (BC) networks like Digital Video Broadcast (DVB). Yet each type suffers from limitations like the power efficiency in BC and limited spectral resources in BB. The hybrid network concept, the collaboration of two or more networks, emerged to overcome such drawbacks. In this context, we aim to explore the possibilities for delivering modern resource demanding services like the multimedia stream and mobile TV through conventional and hybrid networks. The first part of the thesis introduces the mobile TV system, opportunities, and challenges. It surveys the conventional and hybrid means of the delivery of multimedia streams and the contributions of the scientific community in this aspect. This is followed by a brief introduction to stochastic geometry and the models used in the thesis. The second part introduces a hybrid BC/BB network where Unicast (UC) is used for the BB network and a single BC transmitter (BCT) is used for the BC network. The model is then generalized to include multiple BCTs. In both cases, expressions for coverage and efficiency are derived, and then used to optimize the network settings. The third part introduces Multicast (MC) for BB networks, and derives expressions for coverage for a Single Frequency Network (SFN) deployment. Then, a BC/MC network model is analyzed. Finally, the fourth part introduces some practical issues like resource management and energy consumption, and solutions such as a dedicated resource allocation scheme
Raulo, Jacky. "Optimisation des sections de pales d'hélice." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES022.
Повний текст джерелаShindo, Kyo. "Analyse mécanique et optimisation géométrique de la dent restaurée par méthode indirecte." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe rehabilitation of dental function following the fitting of prostheses obtained by cemented ceramic restorations is one of the major challenges of restorative dentistry. It is now well established that the ceramic/composite interface has an important significance for the longevity of the restoration and its observation using X-ray µ-CT enabled us to characterize some types of defects within the cement layer (air voids and debonding). The mechanical analysis of the restored tooth considering those defects exhibits their negative influence on the strength of the assembly. The influence of design parameters has also been studied considering a simplified 2D axisymmetric FE model in order to avoid the morphological diversity of real geometries. Results show that the design of the inner shape of the crown (editable within the CAD/CAM process) is mechanically relevant. A 3D finite element study extending to the periodontal ligament has then been realized in order to approach this problem in a more realistic perspective. Results show high stresses near from the cervical margin of the crown, coinciding with a common clinical failure mode. This 3D model was also used in a additional study allowing us to conclude that the geometrical data used in modern CAD/CAM processes are sufficient to develop a mechanical optimization of the restoration design. A reverse engineering method based on the interpolation of B-Spline surfaces on scanned data acquired during clinic procedures is therefore introduced in order to integrate a patient specific mechanical optimization within the digital chain of CAD/CAM processes
Prandi, Dario. "Géométrie et analyse des systèmes de commande avec dérive : planification des mouvements, évolution de la chaleur et de Schrödinger." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00878567.
Повний текст джерелаBriançon, Tanguy. "Problème de régularité en optimisation de formes." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10047.
Повний текст джерелаBriançon, Tanguy. "Problemes de régularité en optimisation de formes." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002013.
Повний текст джерелаSong, Jian. "A Stochastic Geometry Approach to the Analysis and Optimization of Cellular Networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS545.
Повний текст джерелаThe main focus of this thesis is on modeling, performance evaluation and system-level optimization of next-generation cellular networks by using stochastic geometry. In addition, the emerging technology of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) is investigated for application to future wireless networks. In particular, relying on a Poisson-based abstraction model for the spatial distribution of nodes and access points, this thesis develops a set of new analytical frameworks for the computation of important performance metrics, such as the coverage probability and potential spectral efficiency, which can be used for system-level analysis and optimization. More specifically, a new analytical methodology for the analysis of three-dimensional cellular networks is introduced and employed for system optimization. A novel resource allocation problem is formulated and solved by jointly combining for the first time stochastic geometry and mixed-integer non-linear programming. The impact of deploying intelligent reflecting surfaces throughout a wireless network is quantified with the aid of line point processes, and the potential benefits of RISs against relaying are investigated with the aid of numerical simulations
Payan, Frédéric. "Optimisation du compromis débit/distorsion pour la compression géométrique de maillages surfaciques triangulaires." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011445.
Повний текст джерелаgéométriques permettent l'utilisation de modèles théoriques pour le
débit et la distorsion des sous-bandes de coefficients. Finalement,
nous proposons un codeur géométrique incluant une allocation rapide et performante qui optimise la quantification des coefficients pour que la qualité visuelle de l'objet reconstruit soit maximisée sous la contrainte d'un débit total fixé. Expérimentalement, l'algorithme
proposé donne de meilleurs résultats que toutes les méthodes de l'état de l'art.
Tescari, Stefania. "Optimisation géométrique dérivée de l’approche constructale pour réacteurs thermochimiques sous rayonnement solaire concentré." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1009.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to optimize thermochemical reactor driven by concentrated solar radiation. The definition of a simplified model, deriving from the constructal approach, allows to study the influence of the geometry and shape factor variation on the reactor performances and so to find the optima reactor shape. The influence of the operating parameters on the optimal geometry and on the maximal reactor efficiency is then studied. Starting from the simplified model, the limiting effects are pointed out, and new reactor configurations, at high performance, are proposed. The validity domain of the simplified model is defined by comparing the results with 2D numerical simulations. The model is then used to optimize a thermochemical reactor, applied to the production of solar fuels
Nguyen, Viet Hang. "Constructive approaches to the rigidity of frameworks." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM052/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe theory of rigidity studies the uniqueness of realizations of graphs, i.e., frameworks. Originally motivated by structural engineering, rigidity theory nowadays finds applications in many important problems such as predicting protein flexibility, Computer-Aided Design, sensor network localization, etc. The present thesis treats a wide range of problems concerning different kinds of rigidity, corresponding to different scopes of uniqueness (local/infinitesimal, global and universal), in various types of frameworks. First, we develop results in inductive construction and decomposition of graphs with mixed sparsity conditions as well as results on the packing of arborescences with matroidal constraints. These results are then used to obtain characterizations of infinitesimal rigidity in frameworks with mixed constraints. We also investigate the effect of extension operations on frameworks and extend a known result on the global rigidity preservation of $1$-extension on direction-length frameworks in dimension two to all dimensions. For universal rigidity, where little is known, we obtain a complete characterization for the class of complete bipartite frameworks on the line. We also generalize a sufficient condition for the universal rigidity of frameworks by allowing non-general positions