Дисертації з теми "Optimisation de capacité"
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Molle, Christelle. "Optimisation de la capacité des réseaux radio maillés." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00428940.
Повний текст джерелаMerel, Aurélien. "Evaluation biobjectif de la capacité d’infrastructures ferroviaires par génération de colonnes hybride." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=5dd2fb9c-bffd-4af6-951d-4c7bb795ee00.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis is focused on problematics related to railway infrastructure capacity. Evaluating an infrastructure’s capacity can be seen as assessing the maximum amount of traffic that can pass through it within a given time period, depending on some circulation demand. Capacity assessment is an essential part of previsional planning of the railway traffic and is consequently an essential piece of data for infrastructure managers as well as for train operators. This is even more important in the current context of the European railway market being open to free competition. Capacity assessment can be achieved by solving an underlying problem, the saturation problem, which entails inserting as much traffic as possible inside an infrastructure and yields significant combinatorial difficulties. Prohibitive computation times are yielded by some data sets when using existing computation algorithms. A new solution method is consequently proposed, based on an integer linear programming modelling of the problem. An original algorithmic contribution is presented in order to solve this formulation by using several techniques, including column generation, dynamic constraint aggregation and hybridizations of exact and approximate solution algorithms. Comparative tests show a substantial reduction of the solving time thanks to our contribution, which we consequently implement into a capacity analysis software, RECIFE PC. An analysis of the solutions finally leads us to refine the mathematical model by proposing two biobjective formulations and an algorithmic suggestion aiming at benefiting from the column generation procedure while doing a biobjective resolution
Sawaya, Hadi. "Optimisation des performances pour les techniques de codage de canal approchant la capacité." Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENST0031.
Повний текст джерелаMadassamy, Sandrine. "Etude et optimisation de capacités MIM 3D à haute densité d'énergie fortement intégrées sur silicium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT044.
Повний текст джерелаThe energy storage components remain one of the limiting features for scaling of the Internet of Things objects. Indeed, the storage devices nowadays available as batteries, supercapacitors and electrochemical or ceramic capacitors are still quite bulky and remain incompatible with reduced aspect ratio, while roadmap toward miniaturization requires concept with high integration density compatible with integration techniques like SiP ((System in Package) and on longer term SoC (System on Chip). However, technologies known from the prior art, produce components with too large thickness, inflexible shape (mostly circular or rectangular), through exotic technologies that are incompatible with direct co-integration on silicon components. To overcome those limitations, we have proposed a novel approach for the integration of very low thickness capacitors. Those capacitors have better reliability and stability performances than ceramic capacitors and are able to store energy density approaching electrochemical capacitor.This thesis is focused on the development of the capacitive structure, the processing steps, its electrical and reliability characterization and finally the electrical optimization of MIM (Metal/Isolator/Metal) capacitors. Those capacitive structures are based on a porous and self-arranged nano-template obtained by an electrochemical process. Those nanostructures allow to increase the specific surface density with respect to conventional planar or microstructures that are currently exploited by IPDIA. The MIM structure consists of alumina dielectric, deposited by ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) with a thickness between 15nm and 21nm. For this thickness, capacitance density is obtained in the range of 200nF/mm² and 300nF/mm² for a simple MIM nanostructure, with a breakdown field about 7 MV/cm and a maximum volumetric energy density of about 1.3mWh/cm3. This last value corresponds to a decade higher with respect to current IPDIA technologies. A specific optimization has been conducted to reduce structure parasitic, and thus enable faster current transition on switching events. For that, a technic to reduce the serial resistance between the MIM nanostructure and the external electrodes has been investigated. The temperature and voltage linearity of this MIM capacitor is on par with actual IPDIA reference technologies (respectively thermal coefficient of 193ppm/°C and quadratic voltage coefficient of 489 ppm/V²), which are based on an ONO composite dielectric (multi-layer nitride oxide). This performance is outperforming the Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors that are currently used for equivalent application. Furthermore, demonstration of operation up to 375°C has been demonstrated for this structure. With these capacitors it is envisioned to address a large span of applications, ranging from energy storage, to filtering of power rails, or analogic and power signal conditioning. The maturity obtained on demonstrators allows to envisage an industrial transfer in the coming months
Masmoudi, Oussama. "Optimisation de la planification des systèmes industriels en présence de contraintes énergétiques." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0031/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we deal with the production planning problem in a flow-shop system with energy consideration. The manufacturing system is composed of reliable machines separated by buffers with infinite capacities. The planning horizon is defined by a set of periods where each one is characterized by a length, an electricity price, a maximal allowed power and an external demand of each product. The purpose is to minimize the total production cost composed of electricity, inventory, set-up (or product series change) costs and a required power per period.In the first step, we propose mathematical models for a single item capacitated lot-sizing problem in a flow-shop system. Since this problem is known to be NP-hard, approximating methods are developed in order to provide solutions with good quality in a reasonable time (dedicated heuristics, Fix and Relax heuristic, genetic algorithm).In the second step, a generalization of the model for multi-items is considered. Similarly to the first case, approximating methods are proposed to solve this problem
Ouni, Anis. "Optimisation de la capacité et de la consommation énergétique dans les réseaux maillés sans fil." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001979.
Повний текст джерелаJohnzén, Carl. "Allocation flexible des capacités pour la fabrication de semi-conducteurs : Modélisation et optimisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467027.
Повний текст джерелаBouhafs, Lyamine. "Une approche hybride pour la localisation et le routage avec contraintes de capacité : application aux réseaux de distribution." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2045.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this PhD thesis concerns the study of the location-routing problem with capacity constraints (CLRP: Capacitated Location-Routing Problem). The CLRP consist of determining the location of the depots and the routes of the vehicles for serving the customers, in such a way that some constraints, generally related to depot and vehicle capacity, and all the customer requirements are satisfied, while minimizing an objective function involving routing costs, and depot opening costs. The importance of the CLRP is shown in its numerous applications, although most of them focus in the field of the distribution. Before tackling the capacitated location-routing problem (CLRP), we have studied two variants of the vehicles routing problem (VRP): VRP with capacity constraints (CVRP) and VRP with time windows (CVRPTW). The CVRP constitute one of the main components of the CLRP. Our contribution in the study of the CVRP and CVRPTW consists in proposing two hybrid approaches founded on the ant colony system and local searches. Then we combined our hybrid algorithm, proposed for the CVRP, with a simulated annealing algorithm to solve the capacitated location-routing problem (CLRP). In this approach, the CLRP is divided into two phases: location phase and routing phase. The first phase uses simulated annealing to find a good location of the depots. The second phase, exploits our hybrid algorithm based on ant colony system to find the good routing corresponding to the current location of depots. Finally we presented a platform that we have developed to test the performance of the algorithms proposed in this thesis
Sambou, Vincent. "Transferts thermiques instationnaires : vers une optimisation de parois de bâtiments." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/252/.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is to optimize a multilayered wall or an element of alveolar wall in relation to insulation and thermal inertia. We showed that the thermal capacity deducted of the quadruple representation of a wall is a parameter characterizing thermal inertia of the wall. The optimization of a multilayered wall gives the optimal disposition of the wall layers and determines the optimal thickness of the massive layer. The daily entropy production of a multilayered wall confirms the best disposition of the layers. Heat transfer in an element of alveolar wall represented by a partitioned cavity has been theoretically and experimentally studied. Our results show the preponderance of the radiation heat transfer on the convection one. An optimal number of partitions giving a maximal resistance is found. The influence of pertinent parameters on heat transfer and thermal resistance is emphasized. Influence study of the exciting temperature period on the convection and radiation heat transfer shows the existence of a resonance frequency in the alveolus nearest to the variable boundary. A simplified 1D model of heat transfer in a partitioned cavity that has been validated both numerically and experimentally allows to apply quadruple method to partitioned cavity. Thus, a partitioned cavity can be optimized as regards insulation and thermal inertia
Emami-Mehrgani, Behnam. "Optimisation des politiques de surveillance par l'intégration du cadenassage/décadenassage dans la gestion de la capacité de production." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1051/1/EMAMI%2DMEHRGANI_Behnam.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMoriau, Olivier. "Etude et optimisation du matériau "acier galvanisé" en termes de capacité d'amortissement et de résistance à la corrosion sous contrainte." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10127.
Повний текст джерелаCioarec, Cristina. "Optimisation d'une source lumineuse OLED (organic light emitting diode) pour application en diagnostic biomoléculaire." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30044.
Повний текст джерелаThe need of low cost medical devices, has led to a revolution for the innovation and the implementation of new technologies, which will completely change the way we practice medicine. These are the Lab-on-Chip devices. They are miniaturized systems that are used for medical tests, which will reduce the cost for a wide range of tests and diagnostics while enhancing the sensitivity. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the feasibility of the Lab-on-Chip to meet this need, by using a microfluidic device combined with integrated light sources and photodetectors in order to obtain a miniaturized analysis system. The OLEDs are compact, inexpensive, biodegradable light sources, and giving the potential to obtain a uniform illumination on flat surfaces, which makes them ideal candidates for applications in the Lab-on-Chip devices, as an excitation source. To realise the Lab-on-Chip device, it is important to avoid overlapping of the emission spectras of the light source and the commercial fluorophore used for biological tests. In order to obtain a spectral emission at a wavelength of 435 nm (conventional OLED) and 425 nm respectively (strong microcavity OLED), we optimized the OLED devices. To achieve strong microcavity OLEDs, we have improved the silver anode, by using nucleation films (germanium, chromium, hydrogenated amorphous carbon). The deposited silver layers, were analyzed by different techniques, such as: SEM, optical profilometry, contact angle, ellipsometry and XPS
Malik, Salman. "Evaluation et Optimisation des Réseaux Sans Fil Denses." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719083.
Повний текст джерелаLebon, Édouard. "Optimisation de la méthanisation sèche des déchets ménagers." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/19_43_ELebon.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIt is urgent to define effective and coherent solutions to the problems of waste management in Reunion Island, while respecting the island's environment, whose soil and water resources are under great strain. One solution for organic waste management of human or animal origin is anaerobic digestion (AD). Overall, the volumes of waste collected by the various local authorities on Reunion Island are constantly increasing. Storage and treatment centres are struggling to keep up with this trend due to land and regulatory constraints. On Reunion Island, the volume of household waste is 313 kg/inhabitant/year. However, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) collected has a significant potential for AD that needs to be examined in detail in order to determine the conditions for recovery by biogas production. The aim of this work is to study in scientifically and technically the potential development of the dry AD of OFMSW in Reunion Island. For this purpose, a first work of characterisation of household waste has been carried out on the territory of Reunion Island. Next, the methane potential of the OFMSW was determined experimentally following a mixing plan to highlight the synergistic effect of the different types of OFMSW. In addition, a kinetic model for methane production, a predictive model and a modification of the ADM1 model were developed
Odou, Simon. "Optimisation de l'utilisation de la bande passante dans les réseaux multi-sauts sans-fil." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112157.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we present several algorithms to evaluate precisely the resources in wireless multi-hop networks and to improve the achievable bitrates. Wireless multi-hop networks are networks where nodes are able to join the others transparently in a direct way if they are closed enough, or by engaging intermediate nodes to relay messages if not. This relaying ability makes then very popular. Nevertheless, it has been shown in previous work that such networks cannot compete with traditional wireless networks in terms of bitrates. Consequently, the resources must be used and shared as efficiently as possible. We propose a probabilistic analysis to estimate the expected channel traffic of a given station based on the traffic reservation in its neighbourhood. From this estimation, we determine constraints on the flow bitrates that must be satisfied in order for the flows to be accepted without overloading the network. Then, given the previous constraints, we present several algorithms to maximum the flow bitrates by avoiding congested areas and by computing dynamically the emitting power of each station. The simulation results show a significant improvement over existing approaches
Mekadmini, Ali. "Optimisation de dispositifs hyperfréquences reconfigurables : utilisation de couches minces ferroélectriques KTN et de diodes varactor." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966159.
Повний текст джерелаLarabi, Mohand. "Le problème de job-shop avec transport : modélisation et optimisation." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625528.
Повний текст джерелаGuillot, Jérémy. "Résolution exacte de problèmes de couverture par arborescences sous contraintes de capacité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0395/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this document, we study two districting problems and propose several exact methods, based on Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition and column generation, to solve them. For each model, we compare exact approaches based either on compact formulations or on extended formulations obtained using Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition. The first type of model that we propose defines the objective function in a p-median problem fashion. Regarding the methods used to solve that kind of model, we emphasize accelerating the convergence of the column generation algorithm by designing constraint aggregation techniques in order to reduce the degeneracy in the simplex algorithm. Numerical experiments show that this constraint aggregation method indeed reduces the proportion of degenerated iterations. However, it is not enough to speed up the branch-and-price algorithm. Choosing to tackle the problem through either a compact formulation or an extended formulation depends on the structure of the instances to solve. The second type of model formulates the objective function in a way quite similar to that of p-centre problems. Using such an objective function induces complex column generation subproblems. We focus on designing branch-and-bound and dynamic programming algorithms in order to solve them efficiently. Experiments show that the branch-and-price approach surpasses any proposed method based on compact formulations of the problem
Nabhen, Ricardo Cassiano. "Fuzzy logic based method for modeling queue behavior of network nodes." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066203.
Повний текст джерелаDiakite, Zakary Rodrigue. "Capacité des doubles troupeaux herbagers bovins laitiers-bovins allaitants à concilier une meilleure valorisation du parcellaire avec une flexibilité accrue de fonctionnement." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC055/document.
Повний текст джерелаPermanent pastures represent potential reservoirs of forage and cover more than 66% of the area of mountain zones. Nonetheless, these zones have strong natural limitations that make it difficult to use herbage resources. Geographic characteristics of fields and farm organization must thus be considered in more detail in the management of forage areas to improve pasture-based livestock systems functioning. Simultaneous production of dairy and beef cattle herds (i.e. “mixed dairy-beef cattle systems”) falls within the scope of agroecological approaches and may appear as factor favoring the functioning of cattle systems with greater forage autonomy and better economic and environmental performances. We analyzed and modeled the functioning of these mixed dairy-beef cattle systems to explore compromises between livestock management and the production level of the herds, overall forage autonomy, use of the geographical diversity, level and variability of profits and sustainability of pasture use.To address this issue, we tested three hypotheses: (I)- Mixed dairy-beef cattle systems use grazed herbage better than specialized cattle systems (dairy or beef) in zones with constraints while maintaining good economic performance. (II)- Under conditions of optimal economic functioning, mixed dairy-beef cattle systems adapt better to price variations, generating more stable and higher profits, than specialized cattle systems. (III)- Mixed dairy-beef cattle systems use biomass well, with better environmental performances, while conserving ecosystem services of the vegetation.We used the bioeconomic optimization model Orfee (Optimization of Ruminant Farm for Economic and Environmental assessment), developed to assess livestock systems, based on data from two farms in a steady state (case studies BL18 and BL22 from the French livestock-network database DIAPASON). Orfee was adapted to consider geographic constraints and field heterogeneity based on the French typology of permanent prairies. We then used the model to predict the best equilibria, corresponding to optimal conditions of functioning of farms, represented by the two case studies in five scenarios (100D, 75D, 50D, 25D and 0D, where D represents the percentage of dairy cattle in the herd). Analysis with the simulations yielded robust biotechnical and economic indicators for assessing mixed dairy-beef cattle systems in mountain zones.Based on the results, mixed dairy-beef cattle systems, especially those with 50% dairy cattle, maximize the use of grazed herbage in zones with constraints on mechanization and access of dairy cows to pastures. These systems have a greater ability to adapt to economic variations, with better levels of animal production and more attractive and less variable economic performances than those of specialized cattle systems. These systems also have better compromises between environmental performances than specialized cattle systems
Brouard, Yoann. "Caractérisation et optimisation d'un composite biosource pour l'habitat." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4024.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this study was to compare hygrothermal acoustical and mechanical properties ot different materials based on vegetal aggregates and clay in order to characterize the performances of different biocomposites to provide building insulation solutions with a view to valorizing agricultural waste. We first analyzed the raw materials in order to get the density, thermal and hydric properties of the vegetal aggregates in one hand and the mineralogy and gravimetric data of the selected crude earth in the other hand. Thermal behavior of earth:vegetal aggregates mixes have been investigated at different humidity rates and different density ranges. Additionally, hydric properties have been measured to produce sorption and desorption curves and moisture buffer values (MBV) in one hand and capillarity of both aggregates and biocomposites on the other hand. One of the main interests of this study is to confirm that a wide range of locally produced vegetal byproducts could be used as - bioaggregates for concretes. Local biomaterials industries could therefore emerge depending on the locally available resources at country scale
Ho, Anh cuong. "Optimisation de la composition et caractérisation d'un béton incorporant des granulats issus du broyage de pneus usagés. : application aux éléments de grande surface." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0024/document.
Повний текст джерелаCement-based materials exhibit low tensile strength and poor strain capacity. They are brittle and are very sensitive to cracking particularly to shrinkage cracking in large area applications. Sawn joints allow shrinkage cracking to be localised a way to avoid unsightly cracking. Unfortunately they are also the starting point of future distress (ingress of aggressive agent, curling, etc.).This work is a contribution to the design of a cement-based material exhibiting an enhanced strain capacity. For a such objective rubber aggregates (RAs) obtained from grinding end of life tyres partly replacing natural sand have been used.Results showed that RAs are detrimental to the properties of the fresh materials (workability and segregation). However the use of optimized content of a superplasticiser and of a viscosity agent allows the required behaviour to be achieved.With regard to harden state, RAs reduce the strength and the modulus of elasticity of the composite but the strain capacity corresponding to the macrocracking formation is significantly improved. Specific tests showed that RAs reduced the propensity of the material for shrinkage cracking, offering an interest for large surface area such as pavements.Analysis by a scalar damage variable and by acoustic emission is in a good agreement with expected effect of RAs on the cracking kinetics and on the mechanical behaviour of the composite.The interest of the rubberized concrete in large area application such as concrete pavements has been studied and confirmed through the Elastic Quality Index. Given the major role of the modulus of elasticity of the composite on the new properties and expected applications, tools aimed to predict this modulus of elasticity as a function of RAs content are of practical benefit. With this purpose, the work allowed the relevance of some analytical models to be tested. In this context, the lower Hashin-Shtrikman bound which remains perfectible proved to be the most appropriate.Finally, apart from application of civil engineering material, the use of RAs from grinding end of life tyres is a solution of recovery of an industrial by-product and a contribution to a clean environment
Song, Xiaoxiao. "Layout optimization based on multi-objective interactive approach." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0051.
Повний текст джерелаThe conventional layout problem is concerned with finding the arrangements of components inside the container to optimize objectives under geometrical constraints, i.e., no component overlap and no container protrusion. A multi-objective layout model with functional constraints is developed. Integrating the accessibility of components as functional constraints ensures components maintenance or proper operation. However, thefunctional constraints increase the layout optimization complexity, denoted as capacity index. Therefore, a novel multi-objective optimizationalgorithm is proposed using the constructive placement and the simulated annealing to search for compromised solutions between the multiple objectives. Thereafter, a similarity indicator is defined to evaluate how similar optimized layout designs are. The experiments indicate that the proposed optimization approach performs well in ensuring accessibility and efficiently finding high-qualified solutions in single- and multi- container layoutapplications, where the similarity analysis demonstrates good diversity of the obtained layout set, which can be applied as an interactive tool
Delorme, Xavier. "Modélisation et résolution de problèmes liés à l'exploitation d'infrastructures ferroviaires." Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bc3fe069-ea2a-4864-9968-8cc1fe7bd9f1.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of this thesis is the planning of railroad infrastructures operation at a node or station scale. In order to determine an offer strategy, it is important to have some evaluation tools of the infrastructures capacity. This allows to evaluate the network limits, and to study the impact of some modifications. The main questions considered are, the feasibility of a timetable, its optimization according to criteria like the number of trains (saturation), and the stability evaluation. We propose a multiobjective linear model of this problem. The precision considered is accurate enough to obtain realizable timetables in practice on the studied infrastructures. Moreover, it presents two structures corresponding to classic optimization problems named shortest path and set packing. If the resolution of the first one is easy, the second one is known as NP-hard. We propose several pre-processing algorithms, and an approximation method based on the GRASP metaheuristic, for this problem. A first extension of this method in biobjective case is presented. The numerical experimentations on several instances, corresponding to Pierrefitte-Gonesse node or randomly generated, show the efficiency of these algorithms. The integration of these works in a complete software dedicated to the evaluation of railroad infrastructures capacity (RECIFE project, in collaboration with the french national railroad society) is described
Niu, Shiqin. "Conception, optimisation et caractérisation d’un transistor à effet de champ haute tension en Carbure de Silicium." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI136/document.
Повний текст джерелаSilicon carbide (SiC) has higher critical electric field for breakdown and lower intrinsic carrier concentration than silicon, which are very attractive for high power and high temperature power electric applications. In this thesis, a new 3.3kV/20A SiC-4H JFET is designed and fabricated for motor drive (330kW). This breakdown voltage is beyond the state of art of the commercial unipolar SiC devices. The first characterization shows that the breakdown voltage is lower (2.5kV) than its theoretical value. Also the on-state resistance is more important than expected. By means of finite element simulation the origins of the failure are identified and then verified by optical analysis. Hence, a new layout is designed followed by a new generation of SiC-4H JFET is fabricated. Test results show the 3.3kV JFET is developed successfully. Meanwhile, the electro-thermal mechanism in the SiC JFETs under short circuit is studied by means of TCAD simulation. The commercial 1200V SIT (USCi) and LV-JFET (Infineon) are used as sample. A hotspot inside the structures is observed. And the impact the bulk thickness and the canal doping on the short circuit capability of the devices are shown. The physical models validated by this study will be used on our 3.3kV once it is packaged
Khalil, Kassim. "Contributions à l'étude des communications numériques sur le réseau électrique à l'intérieur des bâtiments : modélisation du canal et optimisation du débit." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0023/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, the electrical network has become an essential candidate for high-speed data transmission inside buildings. Many solutions are currently underway in order to optimize these technologies known under the name of in-home Power-Line Communications (PLC). Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique has recently been transposed into power-line networks for which different signal feeding possibilities can be considered between phase, neutral and earth wires. In this thesis, we propose two original contributions to indoor broadband PLC. The first contribution concerns the MIMO-PLC channel modeling. Based on a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) parametric channel model presented in the literature, we propose a MIMO one by considering a new parameter which characterizes the spatial correlation. The proposed model enables an accurate description of the spatial correlation of European MIMO PLC field measurements. The second contribution is related to the impulsive noise present in power-line networks which constitutes a major problem in communications systems. We propose an outage capacity approach in order to optimize the average data rate in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems affected by impulsive noise. First, we study the channel capacity as a function of a noise margin provided to the transmitted symbols. Then we determine the analytical expression of the outage probability of an OFDM symbol in terms of the noise margin, by studying in detail the interaction between the noise impulse and the symbol. Based on the two aforementioned relations, we deduce the outage capacity. Then we propose an approach that enables to maximize the average system data rate. Finally, we present the results in the particular case of indoor broadband PLC in the presence of impulsive noise
Binti, Abd Jamil Roshamida. "Optimization of the capacity factor of energy ships for far-offshore wind energy conversion using weather-routing." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0002.
Повний текст джерелаThe energy ship is a relatively new concept for offshore wind energy harvesting. It consists of a windpropelled ship that generates electricity using water turbines attached underneath its hull. Since the energy ship is not grid-connected, the generated energy is stored aboard (for instance, using batteries or through conversion to hydrogen using an electrolyzer). A key advantage of the energy ship is that it is mobile. Therefore, its trajectory can be optimized using weatherrouting in order to maximize energy production, which is the focus of this thesis. The analysis in the thesis is based on numerical simulations. The weather-routing software is a modified version of QtVlm in which the optimization objective has been replaced by the maximization of the energy production. The energy ship is modelled in the software by a velocity polar and a power production polar. The wind data is based on the ECMWF ERA-5 wind dataset. The energy ship concept is particularly well-suited for the harvesting of the wind energy conversion in the faroffshore. Therefore, the capacity factor of energy ships deployed in the North-Atlantic Ocean is investigated first. Results show that a capacity factor of 70% can be (annual average). It is similar to that of floating offshore wind farms which would be deployed in the same area. Energy ships may also be used for the power supply of islands and coastal communities. Therefore, the capacity factor of energy ships deployed nearshore is also investigated. Two case studies are considered: the island of “Ile de Sein” and the “Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon” archipelagos. Results show that the capacity factor is in the order of 50%. In this case, it would be 10 to 20% smaller than that of offshore wind farms. The weather-routing optimization depends on physical (e.g. storage capacity, rated power) and numerical parameters. Sensitivity analyses are performed in order to understand their effect on energy production. Results show that the optimization algorithm in QtVlm tends to converge to local maxima. Therefore, future work should be directed towards the development of better optimization methods
Vincent, Hugues. "Développement d'un modèle de calcul de la capacité ultime d'éléments de structure (3D) en béton armé, basé sur la théorie du calcul à la rupture." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1038/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo evaluate the load bearing capacity of structures, civil engineers often make use of empirical methods, which are often manuals, instead of nonlinear finite element methods available in existing civil engineering softwares, which are long to process and difficult to handle. Yield design (or limit analysis) approach, formalized by J. Salençon, is a rigorous method to evaluate the capacity of structures and can be used to answer the question of structural failure. It was, yet, not possible to take advantage of these theoretical methods due to the lack of efficient numerical methods. Recent progress in this field and notably in interior point algorithms allows one to rethink this opportunity. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to develop a numerical model, based on the yield design approach, to evaluate the ultimate capacity of massive (3D) reinforced concrete structural elements. Both static and kinematic approaches are implemented and expressed as an optimization problem that can be solved by a mathematical optimization solver in the framework of Semi-Definite Programming (SDP).A large part of this work is on modelling the resistance of the different components of the reinforced concrete composite material. The modelling assumptions taken to model the resistance of concrete are discussed. And the method used to model reinforcement is also questioned. The homogenization method is used to model periodic reinforcement and an adaptation of this technique is developed for isolated rebars. To conclude this work, a last part is dedicated to illustrate the power and potentialities of the numerical tool developed during this PhD thesis through various examples of massive structures
Saad, Soha. "Méthodologie de réorganisation du trafic ferroviaire par analyse de sensibilité régionale : application à un incident sur infrastructure électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI057/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe power supply quality of a railway network can be strongly affected by the unavailability of electrical equipment, whether due to a technical incident or a maintenance operation. It is then necessary to reduce the expected traffic by adjusting the time schedules and speed profiles, while maintaining optimal operating performance. The purpose of the work presented in this thesis is to develop a decision support tool to assist the agents in charge of the reorganization of traffic during an incident on electrical infrastructure. The studied system is complex and its analysis is based on costly simulations. We therefore proposed a two-phase approach. As a first step, a sensitivity analysis can effectively detect the most influential traffic adjustment variables. After a comparative analysis between different techniques, we selected the regional sensitivity analysis by Monte Carlo filtering and KS test, because it allows us to take into account the operational constraints, like the tension levels in line. The second phase consists in optimizing the solution by working in a small research area. A set of Pareto-Optimal solutions are generated to evaluate the best trade-off between the main criterion "traffic density" and other criteria such as losses or overheating. The techniques implemented led to the production of a prototype. The tool allows the engineer to define traffic adjustment variables and traffic performance criteria. Then it analyzes the influence of the various adjustment variables and optimizes the traffic according to the defined criteria. The tool was tested on four case studies proposed by SNCF Réseau and corresponding to network segments and actual rail traffic
Chami, Marwa. "Optimization in cognitive radio systems with successive interference cancellation and relaying." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1050.
Повний текст джерелаCognitive Radio (CR) is a promising technique for efficient spectrum utilization. The CR technology permits an unlicensed user called Secondary User (SU) to coexist with the licensed user called Primary User (PU) without degrading his performance. In a CR system, the SU has the ability to sense and adapt to his environment in order to detect possible frequency holes in the wireless spectrum and transmit in it under some constraints so as to increase the total data rate. Besides, resource allocation in CR systems is one of the most common studied scenarios especially for multi-carrier transmissions, with the aim to maximize the system throughput.In this thesis, we investigate the resource allocation problem for an uplink multi-user underlay CR system where the SU is allowed to coexist with the PU provided that the interference caused to the PU is below a predefined threshold. We apply two decoding techniques, Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) and Superposition Coding (SC), at the SU in order to maximize the secondary rate. In a first step, the single-user scenario is studied, assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) at the SU. We evaluate the performance of the system by proposing an adaptive decoding algorithm where the SU can either treat the interference as noise or perform SIC or SC. We investigate the power allocation problem taking into account the power budget and the interference threshold constraints. A general solution for the power optimization problem in an uplink underlay CR system is proposed. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves higher sum rate than classical algorithms, providing high-enough data rates for the secondary system at the expense of a very low degradation of the primary system's rate.Then, the secondary multi-user scenario is investigated, where multiple users are allowed to exist in the secondary cell. Power and subcarrier allocation problems are detailed in order to maximize the secondary rate. We highlight the benefits of the proposed multi-user adaptive algorithm which encompasses three phases. The first step includes the adaptive selection of the decoding strategy at the secondary receiver. The second step describes the subcarrier allocation among the different users. Finally, the third step details the optimal distribution of the available power budget on the users.However, perfect channel knowledge requires perfect channel measurements at the receiver and a perfect feedback link to send this channel information to the transmitter, which may be impractical to implement. Thus, we also study the single-user scenario assuming that only statistical CSI of channel gains between the primary transmitter and both primary and secondary receivers is available at the SU. We detail the analytical expressions for the outage probabilities and then we solve the non-convex optimization problem using a sequential approximation algorithm. simulations show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust with statistical CSI. This work can be easily extended to the multi-user case.Finally, we propose a new system model where the secondary receiver acts as a Full-Duplex (FD) relay node in order to maximize the primary rate and thus the total system rate. The proposed scenario is first studied for single-carrier modulation scheme for both Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Decode-and-Forward (DF) relaying protocols. The constraints to apply SIC and to relay are determined and the new achievable rates are specified such that the relay node relays whenever the new achievable rate is better than the one achieved without relying. Furthermore, the performance of the DF relaying scheme in the FD mode is evaluated for multi-carrier modulation. The performance of the proposed system model is evaluated via simulations and an important improvement of the primary achievable rate and thus of the total system rate is shown
Rowshannahad, Mehdi. "Qualification Management and Closed-Loop Production Planning in Semiconductor Manufacturing." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMSE0784/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first part, we take a binding restriction, called qualification, present in semiconductor manufacturing as a lever for increasing flexibility and optimizing capacity utilization. A qualification determines the processing authorization of a product on a machine (like an eligibility constraint). In order to define the best qualification, the production volume should be allocated to parallel non-identical machines which are partially reconfigurable. Capacitated flexibility measures are introduced to define the best qualification which increases machine capacity utilization at most. Batching is another industrial constraint encountered in semiconductor industry. It influences workload balancing and qualification management. Several workload balancing algorithms are proposed to find the optimal workload balance of a workcenter. Variability measures are also proposed to evaluate the workload variability of a workcenter. The second part deals with closed-loop production planning. Soitec uses Smart-Cut Technology to fabricate SOI wafers. Using this technology, one of the two raw materials used to fabricate SOI wafers can be reused several times to make other SOI wafers. However, before coming back to the SOI fabrication line, the used raw material (by-product) must be reworked in another production line. An original closed-loop production planning model adapted to the supply chain specificities of Soitec is proposed, and is validated using industrial data. Based on this industrial model, a single-item uncapacitated closed-loop lot-sizing model is defined, analyzed, and a dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for a simplified version of the problem
Chami, Marwa. "Optimization in cognitive radio systems with successive interference cancellation and relaying." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1050.
Повний текст джерелаCognitive Radio (CR) is a promising technique for efficient spectrum utilization. The CR technology permits an unlicensed user called Secondary User (SU) to coexist with the licensed user called Primary User (PU) without degrading his performance. In a CR system, the SU has the ability to sense and adapt to his environment in order to detect possible frequency holes in the wireless spectrum and transmit in it under some constraints so as to increase the total data rate. Besides, resource allocation in CR systems is one of the most common studied scenarios especially for multi-carrier transmissions, with the aim to maximize the system throughput.In this thesis, we investigate the resource allocation problem for an uplink multi-user underlay CR system where the SU is allowed to coexist with the PU provided that the interference caused to the PU is below a predefined threshold. We apply two decoding techniques, Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) and Superposition Coding (SC), at the SU in order to maximize the secondary rate. In a first step, the single-user scenario is studied, assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) at the SU. We evaluate the performance of the system by proposing an adaptive decoding algorithm where the SU can either treat the interference as noise or perform SIC or SC. We investigate the power allocation problem taking into account the power budget and the interference threshold constraints. A general solution for the power optimization problem in an uplink underlay CR system is proposed. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves higher sum rate than classical algorithms, providing high-enough data rates for the secondary system at the expense of a very low degradation of the primary system's rate.Then, the secondary multi-user scenario is investigated, where multiple users are allowed to exist in the secondary cell. Power and subcarrier allocation problems are detailed in order to maximize the secondary rate. We highlight the benefits of the proposed multi-user adaptive algorithm which encompasses three phases. The first step includes the adaptive selection of the decoding strategy at the secondary receiver. The second step describes the subcarrier allocation among the different users. Finally, the third step details the optimal distribution of the available power budget on the users.However, perfect channel knowledge requires perfect channel measurements at the receiver and a perfect feedback link to send this channel information to the transmitter, which may be impractical to implement. Thus, we also study the single-user scenario assuming that only statistical CSI of channel gains between the primary transmitter and both primary and secondary receivers is available at the SU. We detail the analytical expressions for the outage probabilities and then we solve the non-convex optimization problem using a sequential approximation algorithm. simulations show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust with statistical CSI. This work can be easily extended to the multi-user case.Finally, we propose a new system model where the secondary receiver acts as a Full-Duplex (FD) relay node in order to maximize the primary rate and thus the total system rate. The proposed scenario is first studied for single-carrier modulation scheme for both Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Decode-and-Forward (DF) relaying protocols. The constraints to apply SIC and to relay are determined and the new achievable rates are specified such that the relay node relays whenever the new achievable rate is better than the one achieved without relying. Furthermore, the performance of the DF relaying scheme in the FD mode is evaluated for multi-carrier modulation. The performance of the proposed system model is evaluated via simulations and an important improvement of the primary achievable rate and thus of the total system rate is shown
Escobar, landero Salma. "Ultra-wideband coherent optical transmission systems : from modeling and optimization to experimental demonstrations beyond 100 Tbit/s." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAS012.
Повний текст джерелаUltra-wideband systems (UWB)are considered a cost-effective strategy to boostthe per-fiber through put in optical communications by pushing the boundaries of operational bandwidth beyond the conventional C-band. Recent experiments have showcased promising results with UWB high-capacity transmissions operating across the S+C+L bands, and evenfurther. These advancements raise the question of whether this technology can be effectively used to meet the growing demands for data traffic.This thesis provides an extensive investigation in to the opportunities and challenges ofUWB systems. Through the analysis of models that address the challenging wavelength dependent impairments, the core of this thesis consists in the development and validation of model-based power optimization techniques designed to enhance UWB system performance. The investigation is performed in numerical and experimental assessments in S+C+L systems. Moreover, the accurate model-based predictions obtained in this study offer invaluable insightsinto the transmission quality. These include ananalysis of the implications associated with potential UWB system failures. Finally, this thesis casts a vision for the future of this technology,discussing the feasibility of adopting UWBsystems over the deployment of parallel fibersystems
Arnaud, Jean. "Performance, disponibilité et coût de services Internet adaptatifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529936.
Повний текст джерелаBagamanova, Margarita. "The integration of simulation, optimisation, and Bayesian inference for enhancing airport stand allocation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673345.
Повний текст джерелаLas partes interesadas del aeropuerto se enfrentan habitualmente al desafío de la asignación de vuelos programados a los puestos de estacionamiento y puestos disponibles de la manera más rentable. Al mismo tiempo, deben cumplir con las preferencias de la aerolínea y los contratos de servicio y garantizar la comodidad de los pasajeros. En años recientes, el objetivo de reducir las emisiones contaminantes agregó aún más complejidad a la red moderna de transporte aéreo, que a menudo sufre problemas de congestión e interrupciones operativas. Para abordar estos problemas y facilitar los aeropuertos con herramientas de apoyo a la toma de decisiones, esta investigación presenta un enfoque novedoso para el problema aeroportuario más común: la asignación eficiente de puestos de estacionamiento. El concepto propuesto de herramienta de asignación de stand combina las ventajas de la inferencia bayesiana, la simulación y la optimización evolutiva y proporciona soluciones de asignación cualitativos con solidez para un cierto nivel de desviaciones del programa de vuelo. El enfoque de asignación de puestos presentado junto con la simulación es innovador ya que permite 1) abordar la carga de interrupciones del horario considerando la capacidad del aeropuerto, 2) optimizar el uso de la capacidad del puesto desde múltiples perspectivas de gestión, 3) ayuda a liberar recursos que normalmente están bloqueados por extensos tiempos de amortiguamiento entre vuelos asignados, y 4) mejora la huella ambiental del aeropuerto. La investigación presentada en esta disertación contribuye al cuerpo del conocimiento con lo siguiente: • Una metodología de asignación de stands que considere las interrupciones y brinde apoyo a la toma de decisiones para abordar los intereses de los pasajeros, las partes interesadas del aeropuerto y el medio ambiente de manera equilibrada. • El enfoque presentado facilita la mitigación de la variabilidad operativa en la gestión de la capacidad del stand del aeropuerto y su huella ambiental. • La metodología genera soluciones que consideran las interrupciones históricas y las características de emisiones específicas de cada aeronave, lo que proporciona a las partes interesadas del aeropuerto una planificación de asignación de stand más realista. • El enfoque de asignación de stand desarrollado se combina con la simulación para proporcionar una evaluación cualitativa de las soluciones generadas y considerar la estocasticidad del sistema real no considerada en muchas investigaciones previas. El enfoque desarrollado podría ampliarse para considerar todos los pasos del proceso de entrega de aeronaves. Además, el enfoque de asignación de puestos de observación de interrupciones podría incorporarse directamente al modelo de simulación del aeropuerto para mejorar aún más la robustez y el realismo de las soluciones generadas.
Airport stakeholders are routinely challenged with the allocation of scheduled flights to available stands and parking positions in the most cost-efficient way. At the same time, they need to comply with airline preferences and service contracts and ensure passenger comfort. In the last years, a goal to reduce pollutant emissions added even more complexity to the modern air transport network, which often suffers from congestion problems and related operational disruptions. To address these problems and facilitate airports with related decision support, this research presents a novel approach to the most common airport problem – efficient stand assignment. The proposed concept of a disruption-aware stand allocation tool combines advantages of Bayesian inference, simulation, and evolutionary optimisation and provides qualitative assignment schedules with robustness to a certain level of flight schedule deviations. The presented stand allocation approach coupled with simulation is innovative as it allows 1) to tackle the burden of schedule disruptions on the airport capacity, 2) optimise stand capacity use from multiple management perspectives, 3) helps to release resources that are usually blocked by extensive buffer times between allocated flights, and 4) improves airport environmental footprint. The research presented in this dissertation contributes to the body of literature with the following: • A disruption-aware stand allocation methodology provides decision support to tackle the interests of passengers, airport stakeholders, and the environment in a balanced way. • The presented approach facilitates mitigation of operational variability on airport stand capacity management and its environmental footprint. • The methodology generates solutions that consider historical disruptions and specific emissions characteristics of each aircraft, which provides airport stakeholders with more realistic stand assignment planning. • The developed stand assignment approach is coupled with simulation to provide a qualitative assessment of the generated solutions and consider stochasticity of the real-life system not captured by the assignment-generating framework. The developed approach could be further extended to consider all steps of the aircraft turnaround process. Moreover, the disruption-aware stand assignment approach could be directly incorporated into the airport simulation model to increase robustness and realism of the generated solutions.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Enginyeria Electrònica i de Telecomunicació
Hobbs, Dale. "Probabilistic estimation of hosting capacity and operating reserve including optimisation of PV installation capacity." Thesis, Hobbs, Dale (2019) Probabilistic estimation of hosting capacity and operating reserve including optimisation of PV installation capacity. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52466/.
Повний текст джерелаSinulingga, S. "Real time MRP with optimisation of manufacturing capacity utilisation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234523.
Повний текст джерелаLevis, Aaron. "Multi-site capacity planning and business optimisation for process industries." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444935/.
Повний текст джерелаGallant, André. "Optimisation de trajectoire pour l'augmentation des capacités des manipulateurs robotiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66560.
Повний текст джерелаToday, robotic manipulators are being called upon to perform an increasingly wide range of tasks that extend beyond the conventional ones required in traditional applications. One such type of application is physical human-robot interaction. In order for such systems to be safe, it can be desirable to decrease their weight and strength by reducing the size of their actuators.Indeed, reducing the size of the actuators increases safety in two manners, the inertia of the manipulator decreases and the torques generated by the motors are greatly reduced. However, the main drawback of such manipulators is the reduction of their payload capacity.Therefore, better usage of the limited joint efforts is required to enable them to perform tasks that they would normally not be able to accomplish. Thus, this thesis presents a study of two main types of tasks where an effective trajectory optimisation strategy can be particularly valuable. The first task is that of lifting heavy objects, i.e., objects that exceed the conservative estimate of the payload capacity of a manipulator. Studying this task could lead to the design of lighter,more capable manipulators. This work focuses on studying trajectory generation methods to enable manipulators with relatively weak actuators to lift heavy payloads by fully utilizing their dynamics. The second task studied in this thesis is the task of throwing objects. Specifically, the distance throwing capabilities of manipulators is studied where the maximum distance that an object can be thrown with a given manipulator is sought. This task is studied at three levels of complexity: finding the maximum possible throwing capacity of manipulators with velocity constraints, finding the maximum throwing capacity considering a full trajectory with kinematic constraints, and finding the maximum throwing capacity considering a full trajectory with dynamic constraints. Finally, performance criteria are established from these two types of tasks in order help in the process of designing a new manipulator. Thus, a simple design optimisation simulation is performed as a proof of concept.
Pierre, Jarrault. "Optimisation des capacités de franchissement des robots mobiles hybrides "roues-pattes"." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867306.
Повний текст джерелаJarrault, Pierre. "Optimisation des capacités de franchissement des robots mobiles hybrides "roues-pattes"." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066211.
Повний текст джерелаThe research presented in this thesis report focuses on the optimization of crossing capabilities for "wheel-legged" hybrid mobile robots. We consider that a robot is able to overcome an obstacle if he is able, for each geometric configuration of the contact points encountered during the crossing , to balance the external forces applied to it while maintaining contact adhesion. Our approach consist in using two features of poly-articulated robots in order to optimize the distribution of contact forces. Firstly, the actuation redundancy allows the application of internal forces. Secondly, the kinematic redundancy allows to change the CoM position, changing the set of possible solutions to the force distribution problem. The criterion used for the optimization measures the contacts stability robustness relatively to uncertainties in the force control. It was chosen based on a comparative analysis of different criteria used in the field of grasping. The resulting control algorithm allows for simultaneous control of both robot movements and contact forces. Experimental results on robot HyLoS 2 show that the algorithm allow for the crossing of an obstacle represented by a slope of 60\char6 with a height of 19 cm, while the wheels radius is only 7 cm
STOICA, Dragos. "Analyse, representation et optimisation de la circulation des avions sur une plate-forme aeroportuaire." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009323.
Повний текст джерелаSchinwald, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of Airport Capacity Optimisation Measures: A System Wide Perspective / Christoph Schinwald." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219478288/34.
Повний текст джерелаTian, Yue. "Capacity optimisation techniques for multi-user interface mitigation in 5G and beyond wireless networks." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715836.
Повний текст джерелаYoung, Joseph A. "On the optimal capacity expansion of electric power systems." Thesis, University of Queensland, 1992.
Знайти повний текст джерелаKhébri, Salah. "Modélisation et optimisation des capacités et structures du raffinage européen aux horizons 1995,2000 et 2010." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE012.
Повний текст джерелаThe substantial restructuring of the european refininf industry after the second oil shock, resulted in the shutdown of 37% of its 1980 capacity, (up to 50% for France and west Germany). This was the consequence of the shutdown of almost all inland refineries and the concentration of activity in large units, particularly those integrated with petrochemical sites. A decade later, the position of the european refining industry has improved. Utilisation rates exced 80% and margins are, in general acceptable. The question now is what will influence the future profitability of this sector. The modelling and optimization of european refining to 1995, 2000 and 2010, which is the objective of this research, is a tool to determine the optimum capacities and configuration to cover the european demand for petroleum products. Simulations, made with a linear programming model, show that Europe will not be able to cover all product demand, because the marginal costs of naphta and mtbe would be above the opportunity cost of imports. For the horizon years examined, europe will have a capacity deficit in conversion plant, both classic conversion e. G. Fcc and hydrocracking, and in advanced octane upgrading, e. G. Alkylation, isomerisation and mtbe. The capital investment required for the necessary plants is estimated at between 20 and 30 milliard for the period 2000-2010
Sawaya, Hadi. "Optimisation des performances pour les techniques de codage de canal approchant la capacité /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39066879s.
Повний текст джерелаBibliogr. 145-152. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Alrowili, Mohammed F. H. "Capacity Enhancement Approaches for Long Term Evolution networks: Capacity Enhancement-Inspired Self-Organized Networking to Enhance Capacity and Fairness of Traffic in Long Term Evolution Networks by Utilising Dynamic Mobile Base-Stations." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17322.
Повний текст джерелаChekaf, Mustapha. "Capacité de la mémoire de travail et son optimisation par la compression de l'information." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC010/document.
Повний текст джерелаSimple span tasks are tasks commonly used to measure short-term memory, while complex span tasks are usually considered typical measures of working memory. Because complex span tasks were designed to create a concurrent task, the average span is usually lower (4 ± 1items) than in simple span tasks (7±2 items). One possible reason for measuring higher spansduring simple span tasks is that participants can take profit of the spare time between the stimuli to detect, and recode regularities in the stimulus series (in the absence of a concurrent task), and such regularities can be used to pack a few stimuli into 4 ± 1 chunks. Our main hypothesis was that information compression in immediate memory is an excellent indicator for studying the relationship between immediate-memory capacity and fluid intelligence. The idea is that both depend on the efficiency of information processing, and more precisely, on the interaction between storage and processing. We developed various span tasks measuringa chunking capacity, in which compressibility of memoranda was estimated using different algorithmic complexity metrics. The results showed that compressibility can be used to predictworking-memory performance, and that fluid intelligence is well predicted by the ability to compress information.We conclude that the ability to compress information in working memoryis the reason why both manipulation and retention of information are linked to intelligence
Capitaneanu, Stefan Laurentiu. "Optimisation de la fonction MLI d'un onduleur de tension deux-niveaux." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000637/.
Повний текст джерела