Статті в журналах: "OPTIM –TOOL"

1

Astorino, Annabella, Massimo Di Francesco, Manlio Gaudioso, Enrico Gorgone, and Benedetto Manca. "Polyhedral separation via difference of convex (DC) programming." Soft Computing 25, no. 19 (April 7, 2021): 12605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05758-6.

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AbstractWe consider polyhedral separation of sets as a possible tool in supervised classification. In particular, we focus on the optimization model introduced by Astorino and Gaudioso (J Optim Theory Appl 112(2):265–293, 2002) and adopt its reformulation in difference of convex (DC) form. We tackle the problem by adapting the algorithm for DC programming known as DCA. We present the results of the implementation of DCA on a number of benchmark classification datasets.

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2

Heidarkhani, Shapour, and Ghasem Alizadeh Afrouzi. "SOME MULTIPLICITY RESULTS TO THE EXISTENCE OF THREE SOLUTIONS FOR A DIRICHLET BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM INVOLVING THE P-LAPLACIAN." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 16, no. 3 (August 24, 2011): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13926292.2011.601770.

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In this paper we prove the existence of two intervals of positive real parameters λ for a Dirichlet boundary value problem involving the p-Laplacian which admit three weak solutions, whose norms are uniformly bounded with respect to λ belonging to one of the two intervals. Our main tool is a three critical points theorem due to G. Bonanno [A critical points theorem and nonlinear differential problems, J. Global Optim., 28:249–258, 2004].

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3

Atlihan, Ö. G., T. Yurdakadim, and E. Taş. "A new approach to the approximation by positive linear operators in weighted spaces." Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal 74, no. 11 (December 26, 2022): 1447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37863/umzh.v74i11.6427.

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UDC 517.5 In the present paper, we deal with the problem of approximating a function by positive linear operators in weighted spaces. In this case, our main tool is the P p -statistical convergence recently defined by [M. Ünver, C. Orhan, Numer. Funct. Anal. and Optim., <strong>40</strong>, 535–547 (2019)]. It is worth noting that the P p -statistical convergence and the statistical convergence do not imply each other.

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4

Kutuniva, Kari, Jussi A. Karjalainen, and Kari Mäntyjärvi. "Effect of Convex Sheared Punch Geometry on Cutting Force of Ultra-High-Strength Steel." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.1359.

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Extremely high strength of the ultra-high-strength steels leads to increased load factors on the tooling machines and punching tools. This experimental study examines how much convex punch geometry affects cutting forces when punching ultra-high-strength steels. Tools used in punching tests were four different convex sheared rooftop punches and one conventional flat end punch, to which rooftop punches were compared to. The material in punching tests was ultra-high-strength steel Ruukki Optim 960 QC, with a thickness of 4 mm. The test material in punching tests was sheared with rooftop punches and a flat end punch and occurred cutting forces were measured. The qualities of punched holes were evaluated visually and the roundness measurements were also performed. The results show that the cutting forces of Optim 960 QC can be reduced radically with optimal convex punch geometry. With using 14-degree shear angle of the punch end, the cutting forces reduced up to 57 % compared to forces of the conventional flat end tool. However, largest tested shear angles caused several negative effects on the cutting quality of the holes and therefore they are not suitable in all applications. Punching tests proved that the cutting clearance had no appreciable effect on cutting forces when punching ultra-high-strength steel. Instead there was a noticeable effect on the quality of the punched hole, especially when large shear angles were used.

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5

Kesti, Vili, A. Kaijalainen, A. Väisänen, A. Järvenpää, A. Määttä, A. M. Arola, K. Mäntyjärvi, and R. Ruoppa. "Bendability and Microstructure of Direct Quenched Optim^® 960QC." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.818.

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Use of ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS) in weight critical constructions is an effective way to save energy and minimize carbon footprint in the end use. On the other hand, the demands for reducing manufacturing costs and energy consumption of the steelmaker are increasing. This has led to development of energy efficient direct quenching (DQ) steelmaking process as an alternative to the conventional quenched and tempered or thermomechanical rolling and accelerate cooled processes. Ruukki has employed thermomechanical rolling and direct quenching process (TM + DQ) for a novel type of ultra-high-strength strip and plate steels since 2001. Advantages of the ultra-high-strength level (>900MPa) can be fully utilized only if fabricated properties are on a sufficient level. Bending is one of the most important workshop processes and a good bendability is essential for a structural steel. Hence, the metallurgy and bendability of Ruukki ́s TM + DQ strip steel Optim® 960QC have been investigated closely. It was found that by optimizing process parameters and chemical composition, a good combination of strength and ductility can be achieved by a modification of martensitic-bainitic microstructure. Despite of smaller total elongation, the bendability of Optim® 960QC is at least on the same level as on conventionally manufactured 960MPa steels. However, it is important to pay special attention to bending process (tool parameters, springback, bending force, material handling) when bending UHSS. It was also found that the bendability of Optim® 960QC can be significantly enhanced by local laser heat treatments or roll forming.

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6

Laitinen, Risto O., David A. Porter, L. Pentti Karjalainen, Pasi Leiviskä, and Jukka Kömi. "Physical Simulation for Evaluating Heat-Affected Zone Toughness of High and Ultra-High Strength Steels." Materials Science Forum 762 (July 2013): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.711.

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Physical simulation of the most critical sub-zones of the heat-affected zone is a useful tool for the evaluation of the toughness of welded joints in high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels. In two high-strength offshore steels with the yield strength of 500 MPa, the coarse grained, intercritical and intercritically reheated coarse grained zones were simulated using the cooling times from 800 to 500 °C (t8/5) 5 s and 30 s. Impact and CTOD tests as well as microstructural investigations were carried out in order to evaluate the weldability of the steels without the need for expensive welding tests. The test results showed that the intercritically reheated coarse grained zone with the longer cooling time t8/5=30 s was the most critical sub-zone in the HAZ due to the M-A constituents and coarse ferritic-bainitic microstructure. In 6 mm thick ultra-high-strength steel Optim 960 QC, the coarse grained and intercritically reheated coarse grained zones were simulated using the cooling times t8/5 of 5, 10, 15 and 20s and the intercritical zone using the cooling times t8/5 of 5 and 10 s in order to select the suitable heat input for welding. The impact test results from the simulated zones fulfilled the impact energy requirement of 14 J (5x10 mm specimen) at -40 °C for the cooling times, t8/5, from 5 to 15 s, which correspond to the heat input range 0.4-0.7 kJ/mm (for a 6 mm thickness).

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7

Kampai, Genta, and Harmadi Harmadi. "Rancang Bangun Alat Pendeteksi Kelebihan Beban Kendaraan Menggunakan Sensor Serat Optik dan Transceiver nRF24L01+." Jurnal Fisika Unand 9, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.9.1.1-8.2020.

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Telah dirancang alat pendeteksi kelebihan beban kendaraan menggunakan sensor serat optik dengan metode intrinsik. Rancang bangun alat pendeteksi kelebihan beban kendaraan ini terdiri dari sumber cahaya berupa dioda laser, serat optik FD-620-10, fotodetektor OPT 101, mikrokontroler Arduino Uno sebagai pengelolah data, buzzer, dan LCD sebagai penampil hasil pengukuran. Sensor serat optik digunakan untuk mengukur beban pada kendaraan dengan memanfaatkan perubahan tegangan keluaran dari OPT101 dan di transmisikan menggunakan Transceiver nRF24L01+. Karakterisasi sensor serat optik dilakukan dengan memvariasikan bending dalam bentuk banyaknya jumlah gerigi terhadap besarnya tegangan keluaran pada sensor serat optik. Hasil yang optimum diperoleh pada jumlah 5 gerigi dengan tegangan keluran sebesar 1,121 V. Kelebihan beban kendaraan maksimum yang dideteksi oleh sensor sebesar 6400 kg dengan tegangan keluaran sebesar 0,215 V. Jarak maksimum pengiriman data oleh Transceiver nRF24L01+ adalah 450 m tanpa penghalang dan 230 m dengan penghalang. Hasil pengukuran kelebihan beban kendaraan yang diperoleh dengan alat yang dirancang dibandingkan dengan jembatan timbang diperoleh kesalahan rata-rata sebesar 9,2 %. It has been designed an overloaded vehicle detection tool using optical fibre sensor with intrinsic method. The design of the vehicle's overload detection tool consists of laser diode as a light source, an optical fiber FD-620-10, a photodetector OPT 101, an Arduino Uno microcontroller as a data processor, a buzzer, and an LCD as a measuring result viewer. The fiber optic sensor is used to measure the load on the vehicle by utilizing the output voltage changes from OPT101 and cast using the Transceiver nRF24L01. The characterization of the fibre optic sensor is performed by varying bending in the form of a large amount of cleats to the magnitude of the output voltage in the fibre optic sensor. Optimum results are obtained at the number of 5 wells with a tension voltage is 1.121 V. The overload of maximum vehicle detected by the sensor is amounted to 6400 kg and a sensor output voltage is 0.215 V. The maximum distance from the data transmission Transceiver nRF24L01 + is 450 m without barrier and 230 m with barrier. The result of overload vehicle measurements obtained with designed tool is compared detection to weighbridge were obtained an average fault of 9.2%.

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8

., Widodo, and Nur Hidayat. "Design And Development Of Automatic Fiber Optic Cable Roller Using Nodemcu Esp 8266 Module." BEST : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology 4, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/best.vol4.no1.5442.

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ABSTRACT The process of winding fiber optic cable rolls takes a long time because it is done manually or conventionally. One of the tools in winding is a FO cable roller. This tool is designed to be able to roll fiber optic cables, but the limitations of this tool are still done manually, FO cables are rolled by hand like pedaling a bicycle on the pedals, the speed is set based on the speed of the rotation of the hand and it all depends on the human factor. Therefore, there is a need for an Automatic Fiber Optic Cable Winder Using NodeMCU ESP8266 and using Iot (Web of Things) to be more efficient and better in cable winding expositions.

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9

Harvey, Bill. "Digital tools: Dispensing with reality." Optician 2016, no. 3 (March 2016): 139773–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2016.3.139773.

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Bill Harvey fathoms out the new Nautilus virtual reality dispensing aid from Essilor, finding it to be a pioneering, easy-to-use tool enabling patients to decide on the best lenses for their lifestyles.

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10

Zhang, Yuan Liang, Zhi Min Zhou, and Xu Zhang. "Compensation Control of Cutting Tool Position in Machining Non-Axisymmetric Optic Mirror Surface." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.181.

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Piezoelectric servo mechanism, with its existing nonlinear response and hysteresis, restricts the precision greatly when applied to manufacturing of non-axisymmetric optic mirror. On the basis of theory analysis and experiments, this paper builds three kinds of feed-forward model of piezoelectric servo cutting system. According to these mathematical models, we make the compensation control to the cutting tool position, which results the maximum displacement error less than 0.04μm. And based on this method, experiments on machining non-axisymmetric optic surface of wave front corrector shows the Zernike relative error is less than 10%. So the compensation control of feed-forward control model of cutting tools position can efficiently counteract the influence of nonlinear response and hysteresis, which improves machining precision of non-axisymmetric optic mirror surface.

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11

Harvey, Bill. "App round up: Tools to help your practice." Optician 2018, no. 2 (February 2018): 169122–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2018.2.169122.

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12

Kizwa, Yoshiyuki, Megumi Umeda, Takuya Shinjo, Kazue Ishigamori, Shinichiro Okuyama, Hiroya Kinoshita, Yutaka Shirahige, Chizuru Imura, Yoshiko Nozue, and Tatsuya Morita. "How work community-standard palliative care manuals, patient education tools, and assessment tools? : OPTIM-study." Palliative Care Research 7, no. 2 (2012): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2512/jspm.7.172.

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13

Levit, Alex. "The Volk Eye Check in practice." Optician 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 139506–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2016.1.139506.

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14

Harvey, Bill. "Myopia PreMonition." Optician 2021, no. 12 (December 2021): 243066–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2021.12.243066.

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15

Breidenstein, Bernd, Berend Denkena, Arnd Heckemeyer, and Sascha Beblein. "Correlation between Coating Properties and Thermal Load of Craln-Coated Cutting Tools during Machining of AISI4140." Defect and Diffusion Forum 404 (October 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.404.53.

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In this study a novel inverse hybrid experimental-simulative approach to the determination of the thermal tool load as a function of the coating properties during orthogonal turning of AISI4140 with Cr1-xAlxN-coated cemented carbide tools is presented. The approach consists of an experimental determination of the internal tool temperatures by means of fiber-optic pyrometry as input for an inverse FEM-based simulation algorithm to calculate the surface temperatures. Based on a parameter study, the coating thickness s and the thermal conductivity of the coating λc were identified as the main factors influencing the thermal tool load. The combined influence of these properties was described via the thermal resistance R. It could be shown that the average thermal load on the tool surface increases with increasing thermal resistance R.

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16

Harvey, Bill. "Apps round-up: Clinical tools are put to the test." Optician 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 139508–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2016.1.139508.

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17

Goscé, Lara, Gerard J. Abou Jaoude, David J. Kedziora, Clemens Benedikt, Azfar Hussain, Sarah Jarvis, Alena Skrahina, et al. "Optima TB: A tool to help optimally allocate tuberculosis spending." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): e1009255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009255.

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Approximately 85% of tuberculosis (TB) related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries where health resources are scarce. Effective priority setting is required to maximise the impact of limited budgets. The Optima TB tool has been developed to support analytical capacity and inform evidence-based priority setting processes for TB health benefits package design. This paper outlines the Optima TB framework and how it was applied in Belarus, an upper-middle income country in Eastern Europe with a relatively high burden of TB. Optima TB is a population-based disease transmission model, with programmatic cost functions and an optimisation algorithm. Modelled populations include age-differentiated general populations and higher-risk populations such as people living with HIV. Populations and prospective interventions are defined in consultation with local stakeholders. In partnership with the latter, demographic, epidemiological, programmatic, as well as cost and spending data for these populations and interventions are then collated. An optimisation analysis of TB spending was conducted in Belarus, using program objectives and constraints defined in collaboration with local stakeholders, which included experts, decision makers, funders and organisations involved in service delivery, support and technical assistance. These analyses show that it is possible to improve health impact by redistributing current TB spending in Belarus. Specifically, shifting funding from inpatient- to outpatient-focused care models, and from mass screening to active case finding strategies, could reduce TB prevalence and mortality by up to 45% and 50%, respectively, by 2035. In addition, an optimised allocation of TB spending could lead to a reduction in drug-resistant TB infections by 40% over this period. This would support progress towards national TB targets without additional financial resources. The case study in Belarus demonstrates how reallocations of spending across existing and new interventions could have a substantial impact on TB outcomes. This highlights the potential for Optima TB and similar modelling tools to support evidence-based priority setting.

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18

Raizada, Seemant, Jamal Al Kandari, and Khalid Al Sabti. "Ophthalmic endoscope: A novel diagnostic imaging tool." International Journal of Diagnostic Imaging 4, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijdi.v4n2p9.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of ophthalmic endoscope as a diagnostic tool. This was a prospective, non-comparative, interventional clinical study of 11 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopy-assisted management for ocular pathologies. We used a fused fiber-optic type of endoscope to visualize areas of the eye which were not seen clearly, due to media opacity, through conventional viewing systems like indirect ophthalmoscopy or wide angle viewing system. Eleven cases were enrolled in the study. Five patients underwent endoscopic examination of the fundus prior to penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) or keratoprosthesis. In one out of these 5 cases, PKP was differed due to pale optic nerve. Patient number 6, 7 & 8 were cases of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. In these patients, endoscope was used to inspect the sclerotomy from inside and to remove incarcerated vitreous and fibro-vascular membrane. Patient number 9 was a case of poorly dilating pupil undergoing cataract surgery. Endoscope was used in this patient to locate the exact position of haptics of PCIOL. In cases 10 and 11, endoscope was used to localize ciliary sulcus and to document the position of haptics of sclera fixated IOL. Conclusion: The ophthalmic endoscope provides valuable information by illuminating, video recording, and by providing clear view of areas not visible by conventional viewing systems. It can help in management strategies in selected cases.

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19

Widi Sasono, Sindung Hadwi, and Sri Kusumastuti. "Fiber Optic Network Performance Analysis With Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Architecture." JAICT 8, no. 1 (March 10, 2023): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/jaict.v8i1.4303.

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<p>Prototype is a tool used as a learning medium that has the same shape and function as the original tool or unit. The use of simulator tools as a means of learning is one of the learning methods that is very well used to find out the components, functions, and how the tool or unit works. Limitations in the delivery of lecture materials regarding Optical Networks due to the absence of modules and prototypes that help the lecture process this prototype is one of the solutions that can be used in the lecture process. Testing this prototype with measurements of damping and power obtained after configuring and installing a fiber to the home network using an optical power meter. Data analysis used in the quality of service in the system is the value of attenuation and power (power link budget) in units of dB and dBm. The results of the test get a good attenuation according to the established ratio. The practicum module is an implementation after the configuration and measurement of damping so that it can be a guide for conducting fiber optic network practicum in the Telecommunication Engineering study program.</p>

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20

Carolan, T. A., S. R. Kidd, D. P. Hand, S. J. Wilcox, P. Wilkinson, J. S. Barton, J. D. C. Jones, and R. L. Reuben. "Acoustic emission monitoring of tool wear during the face milling of steels and aluminium alloys using a fibre optic sensor. Part 2: Frequency analysis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 211, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405971516284.

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This paper describes the application of acoustic emission (AE) frequency analysis to cutting tool wear monitoring in finish milling operations. AE detection was achieved using a fibre optic interferometer which, unlike conventional piezoelectric transducers, allows absolute measurements of the frequency content of the signals, generated during face milling of various steels and aluminium alloys, to be made. A model detailing the expected variations in AE mean frequency with various forms of tool wear in the different processes is presented and is validated by the practical set of tool wear tests using the fibre optic interferometer.

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21

Tang, Xin Rui, Miki Yoshinaga, Keiichi Nakamoto, Tohru Ishida, and Yoshimi Takeuchi. "Ultraprecision Microgrooving of Hard Material by Means of Cutting Point Swivel Machining." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.36.

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Recently, in accordance with the technical development and miniaturization of the information equipments, the demand of optic elements with high precision and miniaturization is increased. The die is used for manufacturing the optic elements. Thus, it is needed to machine the die with high efficiency and high precision. As the material of die, hard material including cemented carbide and ceramics is used. However, when hard material is machined, there is a problem that severe tool wear occurs, and worn tool shape is transferred into the surface so that precision machining cannot be realized. In this study, a method, called cutting point swivel machining, is proposed to suppress tool wear by using the tool with special chamfer and all parts of tool tip. The effect of tool wear suppression is verified by the machining of SiC. Then, the relation between the suppression of tool wear and tool rotation period is verified.

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22

Chirkov, V. A., and R. G. Mukhtdinova. "Formation of a human resources management strategy based on personnel motivation." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 4 (January 28, 2020): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2019-4-62-65.

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This article provides a detailed analysis of the formation of a HR strategy based on staff motivation. The study was conducted on the example of the organization of the healthcare sector of Optik-Vision LLC. The relevance of the article is due to the ever-growing dynamics of the healthcare services market, constantly increasing demands on the conditions of work, as well as on the level of professional competence of employees. The study examined in detail the main problems of the lack of effectiveness of the development strategy of personnel management of healthcare organizations based on staff motivation.Based on the results of a survey conducted in the organization of the healthcare sector of LLC Optik-Vision, a number of tools to increase staff motivation, namely a course to increase professional competence in the field of information technology, were formed and implemented; updated premium pay system; business games for teaching staff the principles of managing their time; training, providing the opportunity to most effectively shape and maintain control of motivation for their work; corporate events. As a result, an increase in the motivation of the staff of Optic-Vision LLC was determined in the field of more efficient use of their time on issues of labor activity.

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23

Gücüyener, İsmet, and Erdal Emel. "A Fiber-Optic Bending Sensor for the Vibration Monitoring of CNC Face-Milling Machine." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.627.

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Vibration measurement of CNC milling is one of the used techniques for prediction of tool wear. Monitoring of tool wear is very important since a worn tool will affect machine and workpiece either. We developed a fiber-optic sensor for spindle vibration of CNC face-milling machine. The sensor is based on monitoring loss of light from the fiber core. For this sensor a laser light transmitter circuit, a sense plane construction, and a light receiver circuit are designed. Designed fiber-optic sensor is tested on Taksan TMC 650V face-milling machine. Obtained signals from this sensor is investigated in time domain and frequency domain and showed that it is valuable to tool ware monitoring.

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Qoryah, Rika Dwi Hidayatul, Allen Luviandy, and Mahros Darsin. "Study on Tool Deterioration in Machining with Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Condition." TEKNIK 41, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v41i3.27348.

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This study aims to observe the tool deterioration following application of minimum quantity lubrication method (MQL). The designed MQL system is completed with an Arduino controller system which was able to be either manually-controlled or automatically-controlled. The tool used in this study is DCMT 11 insert type. The Taguchi method using the Orthogonal Array L9 design was used to compile the design of experiments with variations in depth of cut, coolant composition, and cooling fluid application methods. Each variable consists of three levels. Tool deterioration evaluated by observing it under an optic microscope from three sides of the tool. There are four levels of tool deterioration. The value of tool deterioration of each tool is the accumulation of each side view. ANOVA analysis found that depth of cut, cutting tool composition and method of applying coolant influence tool deterioration in percentage by 32.69%, 17.30 % and 12.82% respectively. Moreover, the minimum tool deterioration would be achieved when using the parameter combination of depth of cut of 1.6 mm; mixture composition of 3:7; and using the temperature-controlled MQL.

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GÖKER, Yasin Şakir, Hasan KIZILTOPRAK, Esat YETKİN, and Kemal TEKİN. "FAZ Assesment Tool Findings in Patients with Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Via Optic Coherence Tomography Angiography." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 1 (2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2018-61137.

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26

Wang, Hongxia, Richard B. Dewell, Markus U. Ehrengruber, Eran Segev, Jacob Reimer, Michael L. Roukes, and Fabrizio Gabbiani. "Optogenetic manipulation of medullary neurons in the locust optic lobe." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 2049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00356.2018.

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The locust is a widely used animal model for studying sensory processing and its relation to behavior. Due to the lack of genomic information, genetic tools to manipulate neural circuits in locusts are not yet available. We examined whether Semliki Forest virus is suitable to mediate exogenous gene expression in neurons of the locust optic lobe. We subcloned a channelrhodopsin variant and the yellow fluorescent protein Venus into a Semliki Forest virus vector and injected the virus into the optic lobe of locusts ( Schistocerca americana). Fluorescence was observed in all injected optic lobes. Most neurons that expressed the recombinant proteins were located in the first two neuropils of the optic lobe, the lamina and medulla. Extracellular recordings demonstrated that laser illumination increased the firing rate of medullary neurons expressing channelrhodopsin. The optogenetic activation of the medullary neurons also triggered excitatory postsynaptic potentials and firing of a postsynaptic, looming-sensitive neuron, the lobula giant movement detector. These results indicate that Semliki Forest virus is efficient at mediating transient exogenous gene expression and provides a tool to manipulate neural circuits in the locust nervous system and likely other insects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using Semliki Forest virus, we efficiently delivered channelrhodopsin into neurons of the locust optic lobe. We demonstrate that laser illumination increases the firing of the medullary neurons expressing channelrhodopsin and elicits excitatory postsynaptic potentials and spiking in an identified postsynaptic target neuron, the lobula giant movement detector neuron. This technique allows the manipulation of neuronal activity in locust neural circuits using optogenetics.

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27

Zhou, Fengfeng, Xingyu Fu, Siying Chen, Eunseob Kim, and Martin B. G. Jun. "Fiber Optic Sensor for Smart Manufacturing." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Smart Technology 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.57062/ijpem-st.2023.0024.

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In this research we introduce the application of an optical fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer in smart manufacturing. We used an optical fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer to measure the distance between a moving target and a fixed optical fiber. When the target moves, the distance between the fiber and the target can be precisely determined. First, we monitored the distance between a fixed fiber and the surface of a rotating tool. By measuring the distance, we reconstructed the three-dimensional (3D) profile of the tool. We also introduce the method to calculate the runout and tool wear. To further improve the speed of this method, we developed machine learning models to find out the distance from the spectrum of the interferometer since the spectrum analyzing method is relatively slow. It was found that the Deep Neural Network model predicts the distance between the fiber and the target surface with a sufficient precision (< 4 μm) when measuring the straightness error of a computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool. The proposed method provides possibilities for noncontact precise monitoring especially in a limited space.

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Gast, Myran, and Joanneke Kampen Smalbrugge. "Low vision rehabilitation, a global right." Optician 2017, no. 7 (July 2017): 157457–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2017.7.157457.

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29

Sebag, Saul, and Ian Cameron. "Optician Awards 2015: Contact lens practitioner winner." Optician 2016, no. 3 (March 2016): 139766–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2016.3.139766.

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30

Tang, Xin Rui, Keiichi Nakamoto, Kazushi Obata, and Yoshimi Takeuchi. "The Effect of Cutting Point Swivel Machining by Using Round Tool with Special Chamfer." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.119.

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Recently, in accordance with the technical development and miniaturization of the information equipments, the demand of optic elements with high precision and miniaturization is increased. The mold is used in the manufacture of the optic elements. Thus, it is needed to machine the mold with high efficiency and high precision. As the material of mold, hard material including cemented carbide and ceramics is used. However, it is a problem of the occurrence of severe tool wear when hard material is machined. To solve this problem, the cutting point swivel machining by using the diamond tool with special chamfer was proposed, which has the ability to suppress tool wear and to realize ultraprecise machining. It is confirmed that the cutting point swivel machining has the ability to suppress tool wear by the microgrooving experiment of SiC. This study aims at investigating the effect of the cutting point swivel machining, and making clear the relationship between tool rotation speed and tool wear. As a result, it is known that the actual cutting direction can be changed by using the cutting point swivel machining, and that the chipping of tool becomes conspicuous with increasing tool rotation speed.

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31

Carolan, T. A., D. P. Hand, J. S. Barton, J. D. C. Jones, P. Wilkinson, and R. L. Reuben. "Assessment of Tool Wear in Milling Using Acoustic Emission Detected by a Fiber-Optic Interferometer." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 118, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831048.

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Acoustic emission (AE) has previously been shown to be a useful technique in monitoring the state of wear of cutting tools. The piezo-electric transducers conventionally used for AE detection are contacting devices with a limited bandwidth. This paper describes the use of a robust fiber optic interferometer for the in-process measurement of AE during the face milling of annealed En24 steel to provide tool wear information via analysis of the rms AE signal. The interferometer displayed an improved diagnostic capability over a conventional piezoelectric sensor due to its advantages of being non-contacting, broadband with a flat frequency response to displacement, and providing absolute calibration.

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32

Feder, Judy. "Study Reviews Advances in Downhole Fiber-Optic Modeling and Analytics." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 05 (May 1, 2021): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0521-0054-jpt.

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 200826, “Recent Advances in Downhole Fiber-Optics Modeling and Analytics: Case Studies,” by Derek S. Bale, SPE, Rajani P. Satti, SPE, and Roberto Failla, SPE, Baker Hughes, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Western Regional Meeting, originally scheduled to be held in Bakersfield, California, 27 April–1 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The upstream industry has witnessed significant breakthroughs in developing and deploying permanent, on-demand, and distributed temperature and acoustic fiber-optic monitoring systems to optimize well completions and enhance production. Beyond steady advances in hardware, challenges associated with the analysis of distributed optical data are being addressed to enable delivery of value-driven solutions and services. The complete paper discusses a methodology for integrating intelligent completion and production systems with a modeling and analytics framework for efficient development of fiber-optic-based data-interpretation services for complex downhole environments. Introduction During the last 30 years, the industry has found novel ways to apply fiber-optic technology to monitor in-well events, operations, and critical parameters. Recently, applications including the need to maximize hydrocarbon recovery, remotely manage assets for improved cost-efficiency and safety, and reduce carbon footprint have accelerated the adoption of fiber-optic-based systems. Specific to wellbore completions, the confluence of increased durability and reliability of downhole fiber-optic systems, computer processing speed, and the ability to couple fiber sensors to completion and production equipment has led to significant growth in several applications. Fiber-optic techniques such as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) have proved particularly successful for applications such as injection and production profiling, well-integrity monitoring, leak detection, perforation cluster efficiency, and fracture monitoring. For all the benefits delivered by downhole fiber-optic technology, challenges specific to data transmission and storage remain, in particular with regard to data analysis and interpretation, that must be understood to fully enable delivery of value-generating solutions. These challenges are illustrated in Fig. 1 of the complete paper. Philosophy and Description of Solutions The solutions to the challenges described previously need to be downhole-tool-centric, cost-effective, and time-efficient. The complete paper is focused on presenting a methodology that follows a scientific and pragmatic work flow and demonstrating successful applications using a combination of intelligent downhole hardware and advanced modeling and analytics. The methodology begins with designing and developing intelligent downhole tools capable of providing the necessary data to enhance or optimize production, mitigate risk, and improve operational efficiency. Intelligent downhole tools can include interval control valves, downhole pressure and temperature gauges, connectors, control units, and cables, and are deployed into a complex downhole environment. As these smart tools are run downhole, fiber-optic cables are deployed in tandem to acquire continuous, spatially distributed data (i.e., strain, temperature, or acoustic) along the completion.

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Bello, Adebimpe Olamide, Ayodele Olugbenga Ogunsemoyin, Joseph Irewole Fatukasi, Lawal Olawale Oyeneyin, Babatola Bakare, Salewa Evelyn Osho, Samuel Olayode Oyamakinde, and Matthew Adeniran Adeyemo. "Comparative Analysis of Optic Nerve Diameter Using Ultrasonography Between Normotensives and Preeclamptic Patients at University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo, Nigeria." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 5, no. 4 (August 30, 2023): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.4.1829.

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Background: It is an established fact that obstetric patients withpreeclampsia do have increased optic nerve diameter compared with normotensive patients. Ultrasonography is increasingly advocated as a valuable screening tool for evaluating the optic nerve diameter as a surrogate marker for raised intracranial pressure due to its noninvasive nature, low cost, portability, dynamic real-time assessment and rapid performance. Thisstudy aims to compare the ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve diameter between two groups of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Department of Radiology, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital Complex, (UNIMEDTHC), Ondo State, Nigeria. It consisted of 90 preeclamptic (study) and 90 normotensives (control) aged-matched pregnant women. The optic nerve diameters were measured by the radiologistusing a high frequency linear ultrasound probe (7.5–12 MHz).Results: The optic nerve diameter as measured by ocular ultrasound scan was statistically significantly higher (p-value of <0.05) in preeclamptic patients compared to normotensives with a mean of 6.22 ± 0.83 mm versus 4.50 ± 0.69 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Ocular ultrasound scan for measurement of optic nerve diameter is a reliable screening tool for assessing raised intracranial pressure in preeclamptic patients when compared to normotensive ones. Therefore, it is recommended that performing non-invasive ocular ultrasound scans be advocated for all pregnant women with or at risk of preeclampsia.

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Carolan, T. A., S. R. Kidd, D. P. Hand, S. J. Wilcox, P. Wilkinson, J. S. Barton, J. D. C. Jones, and R. L. Reuben. "Acoustic emission monitoring of tool wear during the face milling of steels and aluminium alloys using a fibre optic sensor. Part 1: Energy analysis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 211, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405971516275.

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An investigation of the relationship between tool wear and the energy of acoustic emission (AE) produced during various face milling finishing operations is presented. A model detailing how the AE energy, quantified by the r.m.s. value, varies depending on the material and the detailed tool geometry formed by flank and crater wear is described. Validation of the model was achieved in a series of practical machining tests covering a range of materials and tool types which resulted in various different wear forms. In all these wear tests a non-contact fibre optic interferometer was employed for AE detection directly from the workpiece. This sensor makes absolute, calibrated measurements of AE, unlike conventional contacting piezoelectric AE transducers, which may suffer uncertainties due to their frequency response and variations in transmission path. The fibre optic instrument is thus advantageous for studying variations of AE energy with tool wear.

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35

Klimant, Ingo, Volker Meyer, and Michael Kühl. "Fiber-optic oxygen microsensors, a new tool in aquatic biology." Limnology and Oceanography 40, no. 6 (September 1995): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.6.1159.

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Dumbleton, Kathy, Debbie Laughton, and Jennifer Palombi. "Presbyopia and multifocal contact lenses 2: Prescribing and fitting." Optician 2021, no. 9 (September 2021): 8711–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2021.9.8711.

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In the second of two articles looking at the role that multifocal contact lenses can play in the correction of presbyopia, Professor Kathy Dumbleton, Dr Debbie Laughton and Dr Jennifer Palombi discuss prescribing trends, recommendations for prescribing, supplemental fitting tools and patient satisfaction.

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37

Howiacki, Tomasz, Rafał Sieńko, Łukasz Bednarski, and Katarzyna Zuziak. "Crack Shape Coefficient: Comparison between Different DFOS Tools Embedded for Crack Monitoring in Concrete." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020566.

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The article presents research on the performance of different distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) tools, including both layered cables and monolithic composite sensors. The main need for the presented research was related to the growing applications of the DFOS techniques for the measurements of cracked concrete structures. There are no clear guidelines on the required parameters of the DFOS tools, which, despite their different designs, are offered for the same purpose (strain sensing). The state-of-the-art review and previous experiences show noticeable differences in the quality of the results depending on the applied DFOS tool. The technical construction of selected solutions was described with its theoretical consequences, and then laboratory tests on full-size reinforced concrete beams were discussed. Beams equipped with embedded tools were investigated in four-point bending tests, causing the formation of multiple cracks in the tension zone along the beams’ length. The results in the form of strain profiles registered by selected DFOS tools were analysed regarding the qualitative (crack detection) and quantitative (width estimation) crack assessment. The comparison between crack-induced strain profiles was based on a new parameter called crack shape coefficient CSC, which could be applied to assess the effectiveness of the particular DFOS tool in crack detection and analysis. It was one of the world’s first research allowing for such direct comparison between the layered and monolithic sensing tools. The summary indicates practical guidelines referring to the preferable design of the tools best suitable for crack measurements, as well as the field proofs based on data from two concrete bridges in Germany.

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38

Gupta, Sukriti, Prabhpreet Sethi, RamKrishan Duvesh, Harinder Singh Sethi, Mayuresh Naik, and Harminder K. Rai. "Optic perineuritis." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (May 2021): e000745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000745.

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Optic perineuritis (OPN) is a rare inflammatory disorder in which the inflammation is confined to optic nerve sheath. It can be idiopathic or secondary to underlying systemic autoimmune disorder. It usually presents with unilateral progressive diminution of vision with pain on eye movements and optic disc oedema. Hence, clinically OPN mimics optic neuritis resulting in delayed diagnosis and suboptimal treatment. In contrast to optic neuritis, patients with OPN are usually of older age group and more likely show sparing of central vision. MRI is an important tool for diagnosis of OPN apart from optic nerve sheath biopsy. Perineural enhancement on MRI is diagnostic of OPN. Oral corticosteroid therapy gives dramatic and rapid improvement in signs and symptoms. Rapid tapering of steroids increases the risk of relapse. Overall, prognosis of OPN is generally good if adequate treatment is given timely.

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39

Leitão, Cátia, Sónia O. Pereira, Carlos Marques, Nunzio Cennamo, Luigi Zeni, Madina Shaimerdenova, Takhmina Ayupova, and Daniele Tosi. "Cost-Effective Fiber Optic Solutions for Biosensing." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080575.

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In the last years, optical fiber sensors have proven to be a reliable and versatile biosensing tool. Optical fiber biosensors (OFBs) are analytical devices that use optical fibers as transducers, with the advantages of being easily coated and biofunctionalized, allowing the monitorization of all functionalization and detection in real-time, as well as being small in size and geometrically flexible, thus allowing device miniaturization and portability for point-of-care (POC) testing. Knowing the potential of such biosensing tools, this paper reviews the reported OFBs which are, at the moment, the most cost-effective. Different fiber configurations are highlighted, namely, end-face reflected, unclad, D- and U-shaped, tips, ball resonators, tapered, light-diffusing, and specialty fibers. Packaging techniques to enhance OFBs’ application in the medical field, namely for implementing in subcutaneous, percutaneous, and endoscopic operations as well as in wearable structures, are presented and discussed. Interrogation approaches of OFBs using smartphones’ hardware are a great way to obtain cost-effective sensing approaches. In this review paper, different architectures of such interrogation methods and their respective applications are presented. Finally, the application of OFBs in monitoring three crucial fields of human life and wellbeing are reported: detection of cancer biomarkers, detection of cardiovascular biomarkers, and environmental monitoring.

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Gomes, Phillipe. "Simulated Annealing with Gaussian Probability Density Function for Transmission Expansion Planning." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 6, 2017): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_001.001_0010.

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Simulated Annealing (SA) is a powerful tool for optimization problems that have several local optima. This tool has the ability to escape from a local optima accepting relatively bad solutions for a period and searching for good solutions in your neighborhood. This paper describes the use of SA based on Gaussian Probability Density Function as a decision support criteria in resolution of Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) problem. This method consists in starting from an initial solution with all possible circuits added and over the iterations removing, replacing or adding new circuits. The method proved to be a reasonable computational effort and proved able to find optimal values known in the literature.

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41

Babu, M. Prakash, and Balla Srinivasa Prasad. "Experimental Investigation to Predict Tool Wear and Vibration Displacement in Turning – A Base for Tool Condition Monitoring." Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2015-0022.

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AbstractIn the present work investigation primarily focuses on identifying the presence of cutting tool vibrations during face turning process. For this purpose an online non-contact vibration transducer i. e. laser Doppler Vibrometer is used as part of a novel approach. The revisions in the values of cutting forces, vibrations and acoustic optic emission signals with cutting tool wear are recorded and analyzed. This paper presents a mathematical model in an attempt to understand tool lifeunder vibratory cutting conditions. Tool wear and cutting force data are collected in the dry machiningof AISI 1040 steel at different vibrationinduced test conditions. Identifying the correlation among tool wear, cutting forces and displacement due to vibration is a critical task in the present study. These results are used to predict the evolution of displacement and tool wear in the experiment. Specifically, the research tasks include: to provide an appropriate experimental data to prove the mathematical model of tool wear based on the influence of cutting tool vibrations in turning.The modeling is focused on demonstrating the scientific relationship between the process variables such as vibration displacement, vibration amplitude, feedrate, depth of cut and spindle speed while getting into account machine dynamics effect and the effects such as surface roughness and tool wear generated in the operation. Present work also concentrates on the improvement in machinability during vibration assisted turning with different cutting tools. The effect of work piece displacement due to vibration on the tool wear is critically analyzed. Finally, tool wear is established on the basis of the maximum displacement that can be tolerated in a process for an effective tool condition monitoring system.

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42

Smolentsev, Vladislav, Nikolay Nenakhov, Alexander Izvekov, and Igor Starodubtsev. "Additive processing technologies of tool engineering for combined tooling tech-niques." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 1, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2022-1-7-3-8.

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The matters, related to additive tech-niques for combined methods of tool engi-neering on exposure to electromagnetic field and other types of fields, are addressed. The ways for solving the problem of operational characteristics control by making conjugate layer parts with properties formed by opti-mizing technological modes, are given

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43

Hehr, Adam, Mark Norfolk, Dan Kominsky, Andrew Boulanger, Matthew Davis, and Paul Boulware. "Smart Build-Plate for Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020360.

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This paper discusses the development, processing steps, and evaluation of a smart build-plate or baseplate tool for metal additive manufacturing technologies. This tool uses an embedded high-definition fiber optic sensing fiber to measure strain states from temperature and residual stress within the build-plate for monitoring purposes. Monitoring entails quality tracking for consistency along with identifying defect formation and growth, i.e., delamination or crack events near the build-plate surface. An aluminum alloy 6061 build-plate was manufactured using ultrasonic additive manufacturing due to the process’ low formation temperature and capability of embedding fiber optic sensing fiber without damage. Laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) was then used to print problematic geometries onto the build-plate using AlSi10Mg for evaluation purposes. The tool identified heat generation, delamination onset, and delamination growth of the printed L-PBF parts.

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44

Willemse, Joy, Frank Verbraak, and Johannes de Boer. "Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography as a tool to visualize the fiber direction of retinal nerves and peripapillary sclera." EPJ Web of Conferences 238 (2020): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023804003.

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Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) has been used to visualize the orientation of the nerves in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and to visualize the orientation of the collagen fibers in peripapillary sclera in retinas of healthy volunteers. Optic axis orientation images clearly visualize the nerve fibers leaving the optic nerve head (ONH) in all radial directions. Sclera orientation images show that the sclera consist of two layers, an inner layer with an orientation parallel to the RNFL orientation, and a deeper layer where the collagen is circularly oriented.

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45

Brown, Mark, Steve Mercier, and Yves Provencher. "Road Maintenance with Opti-Grade®: Maintaining Road Networks to Achieve the Best Value." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-41.

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Road management systems rely on the availability of quality information to make good decisions. A lack of information on the condition of the Canadian forest industry’s unpaved road network led to inappropriate management decisions. To fill this information gap the Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada (FERIC) developed the Opti-Grade road management system. Opti-Grade is a low-cost tool that provides information about the road roughness and travel speed as the equipped road user’s vehicle travels on the road network. This information can then be used to focus grading activities where they will have the greatest impact on the road condition for the money invested. Further, over time, a history of the behavior of the roads can be built. With this history, degradation models can quickly and easily be produced to see which segments of the road network degrade the quickest and the most frequently. Problem segments can be identified. Valuable road evaluation budgets can then be focused on those sections to determine the cause of the problem. That will allow precious rehabilitation budgets to be focused where they can have the greatest impact. Opti-Grade is currently used by a large sector of FERIC member forest companies with payback periods shorter than 4 months. FERIC continues to improve the software to manage the data from the Opti-Grade system and increase the abilities of the decision support tools in the software.

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46

Johnson, Michael. "A major step forward for the profession." Optician 2022, no. 1 (January 2022): 243361–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2022.1.243361.

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Just before the end of last year, UK optometrists took part in a course where they were trained in a number of new and advanced therapeutic techniques. The event was the first of its kind in the UK, but likely to be remembered as a watershed moment for optometry. In the first of two reviews, we hear the opening address from co-organiser of the event, Dr Michael Johnson.

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47

Johnson, M. A. M., M. H. Kit, Y. Hoon, S. C. Y. Koay, and G. A. Mahdiraji. "Design and Simulation of Fiber Optic Cable using SolidWorks for Landslide Monitoring." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2120, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012038.

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Abstract This paper presents fiber optic cable design and simulation using SolidWorks software. SolidWorks software is an effective tool that helps design, analyze, and give a better understanding of fiber optic cable capabilities and performances. The model of the fiber optic cable was developed based on the existing fiber optic drop cable. It is composed of mainly four parts: Fiber optic member, fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) strength member, low smoke zero halogen (LSZH) jacket, and steel wire. A static study was performed to determine the designed model’s ability to endure various levels of pressing and pulling forces. Simulation results showed that the cable can withstand a maximum of 195 N pulling force and 30000 N pressing force with a displacement of 1.78e+02 mm and 4.94e-01 mm respectively. The findings will contribute to the design of a new or novel fiber optic cable that is capable to monitor landslide activities with higher durability in future studies.

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48

Kameswaran, Mohan. "Fibre-optic endoscopy in atrophic rhinitis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 12 (December 1991): 1014–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100118092.

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AbstractPrimary atrophic rhinitis seems to have a high prevalence in the arid regions bordering the great deserts of Saudi-Arabia. Fibre-optic endoscopy was performed on 42 patients treated surgically. Fibre-optic endoscopy demonstrated the presence of crusts in the nasal cavities and their subsequent reduction following surgery. It also demonstrated ulceration of the cartilaginous nasal septum in some cases and this may explain the pathogenesis of septal perforation noted in a high number of our patients. Fibre-optic nasendoscopy was also helpful in demonstrating the reappearance of free mucus in the nasal cavity and helped to determine the optimal time for reversing Young's procedure. Fibre-optic nasendoscopy is a reliable tool for verifying the results of surgery and comparing the efficacy of various treatment modalities.

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Pacia, Marta Z., Krzysztof Czamara, Magdalena Zebala, Edyta Kus, Stefan Chlopicki, and Agnieszka Kaczor. "Rapid diagnostics of liver steatosis by Raman spectroscopyviafiber optic probe: a pilot study." Analyst 143, no. 19 (2018): 4723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an00289d.

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50

Meiburger, Kristen M., Andrea Naldi, Nicola Michielli, Lorenzo Coppo, Klaus Fassbender, Filippo Molinari, and Piergiorgio Lochner. "Automatic Optic Nerve Measurement: A New Tool to Standardize Optic Nerve Assessment in Ultrasound B-Mode Images." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 46, no. 6 (June 2020): 1533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.01.034.

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