Готові списки джерел за темами / Optical physical characterisation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Optical physical characterisation"

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Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Optical physical characterisation"

Dowd, A., D. Llewellyn, R. G. Elliman, B. Luther-Davies, M. Samoc, and J. D. Fitz Gerald. "Physical and optical characterisation of Ge-implanted silica." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 175-177 (April 2001): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(00)00536-x.

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Zhang, Shu, Lachlan J. Gibson, Alexander B. Stilgoe, Timo A. Nieminen, and Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop. "Impact of complex surfaces on biomicrorheological measurements using optical tweezers." Lab on a Chip 18, no. 2 (2018): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7lc01176h.

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D'Silva, C., Xiao-Bo Wang, and R. Pethig. "Physical and electrochemical characterisation of polyvinylferrocene films." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 22, no. 11 (November 14, 1989): 1591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/22/11/004.

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Moore, Lee J., Michael D. Summers, and Grant A. D. Ritchie. "Optical trapping and spectroscopic characterisation of ionic liquid solutions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, no. 32 (2013): 13489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp50895a.

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Al Muhammadi, N. A. S., and A. Hussin. "Physical and mineral characterisation of natural zeolites from Taiz, South-western Yemen." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 3(SI) (May 31, 2021): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/3(si)/jeb-02.

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Aim: To investigate the physical, minerals and geochemical composition of Taiz natural zeolites. Methodology: Each zeolite sample were assessed for its characterization via optical microscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques, X-ray Fluorescence Methods (XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) to examine their mineral composition and geochemistry properties. Further, physical properties like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), plasticity, specific surface area, water content and brightness were estimated by standard methods. Results: Natural zeolite in the studied area occurs within pyroclast of volcanic tuffs. It consists mainly of perlite and rhyolite as lenses grey to light green in color with fine granulation texture. Petrography analysis showed that the Taiz zeolites are mainly classified as clinoptilolite – heulandite and are mixed with various types of others zeolite minerals such as analcime, chabazite and mazzite. Small amounts of impurities like K-.feldspar (orthoclase) and clay mineral such as montmorillonite, kaolinite and illite were also detected. The mean ratio of SiO2:Al2O3 for representative zeolite sample from the study area ranged between of 6.34-6.98. Interpretation: Zeolites showed fairly medium to high brightness and on comparing with the commercial zeolites, Taiz zeolite showed significant industrial potential to be used as a filler in paper industry.

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Yao, Eric, Francesco Papoff, and Gian-Luca Oppo. "Characterisation of spatio-temporal complexity in optical experiments." Optics Communications 155, no. 1-3 (October 1998): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(98)00369-1.

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De Sanctis, Adolfo, Jake Mehew, Monica Craciun, and Saverio Russo. "Graphene-Based Light Sensing: Fabrication, Characterisation, Physical Properties and Performance." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091762.

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Graphene and graphene-based materials exhibit exceptional optical and electrical properties with great promise for novel applications in light detection. However, several challenges prevent the full exploitation of these properties in commercial devices. Such challenges include the limited linear dynamic range (LDR) of graphene-based photodetectors, the lack of efficient generation and extraction of photoexcited charges, the smearing of photoactive junctions due to hot-carriers effects, large-scale fabrication and ultimately the environmental stability of the constituent materials. In order to overcome the aforementioned limits, different approaches to tune the properties of graphene have been explored. A new class of graphene-based devices has emerged where chemical functionalisation, hybridisation with light-sensitising materials and the formation of heterostructures with other 2D materials have led to improved performance, stability or versatility. For example, intercalation of graphene with FeCl 3 is highly stable in ambient conditions and can be used to define photo-active junctions characterized by an unprecedented LDR while graphene oxide (GO) is a very scalable and versatile material which supports the photodetection from UV to THz frequencies. Nanoparticles and quantum dots have been used to enhance the absorption of pristine graphene and to enable high gain thanks to the photogating effect. In the same way, hybrid detectors made from stacked sequences of graphene and layered transition-metal dichalcogenides enabled a class of devices with high gain and responsivity. In this work, we will review the performance and advances in functionalised graphene and hybrid photodetectors, with particular focus on the physical mechanisms governing the photoresponse, the performance and possible future paths of investigation.

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Holzer, W., A. Penzkofer, S. Schrader, and B. Grimm. "Photo-physical and lasing characterisation of a polyparaphenylenevinylene (PPV) neat film." Optical and Quantum Electronics 37, no. 5 (April 2005): 475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-005-4225-2.

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Singh, Deepa, and K. K. Bamzai. "Preparation, Structural, Optical, Electrical, and Magnetic Characterisation of Orthorhombic GdCr0.3Mn0.7O3 Multiferroic Nanoparticles." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2016-0284.

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AbstractIn this article, chromium-doped gadolinium manganate (GdCr0.3Mn0.7O3) nanoparticles has been prepared by wet-chemical route in order to investigate their structural, optical, electrical, and room temperature magnetic properties. Microstructural and compositional analyses have been carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Synthesised material is found to be in orthorhombic crystal structure with Pbnm space group. The spherical morphology of the nanoparticles has been examined from the SEM images. Functional groups have been identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss, AC conductivity (σac), and activation energy in the range of 1 kHz–1 MHz from room temperature to high temperature (400°C) have been investigated. The frequency dependence of AC conductivity obeys the universal power law. The value of activation energy depends on increase in frequency. Room temperature magnetic behaviour suggests the material to be paramagnetic in nature.

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Relinque, J., A. de León, J. Hernández-Saz, M. García-Romero, Francisco Navas-Martos, G. Morales-Cid, and S. Molina. "Development of Surface-Coated Polylactic Acid/Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PLA/PHA) Nanocomposites." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030400.

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This work reports on the design and development of nanocomposites based on a polymeric matrix containing biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) coated with either Graphite NanoPlatelets (GNP) or silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Nanocomposites were obtained by mechanical mixing under mild conditions and low load contents (<0.10 wt %). This favours physical adhesion of the additives onto the polymer surface, while the polymeric bulk matrix remains unaffected. Nanocomposite characterisation was performed via optical and focused ion beam microscopy, proving these nanocomposites are selectively modified only on the surface, leaving bulk polymer unaffected. Processability of these materials was proven by the fabrication of samples via injection moulding and mechanical characterisation. Nanocomposites showed enhanced Young modulus and yield strength, as well as better thermal properties when compared with the unmodified polymer. In the case of AgNP coated nanocomposites, the surface was found to be optically active, as observed in the increase of the resolution of Raman spectra, acquired at least 10 times, proving these nanocomposites are promising candidates as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates.

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Дисертації з теми "Optical physical characterisation"

Nish, Adrian. "Studies on optical characterisation of carbon nanotube suspensions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1ecd4f04-0178-4d8b-bf3a-cd6f8d744b92.

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This thesis reports studies done on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using optical spectroscopy as the primary investigative technique. It focuses on advances in sample preparation which have been made possible through improvements to the method of photo-luminescence excitation (PLE) mapping of nanotubes. An introduction to the field and some theoretical models are presented initially to provide a background to the experimental chapters which follow. A description of the standard procedure for sample preparation in aqueous surfactants is then followed by a detailed introduction to PLE mapping, including modeling of SWNT spectra. The next chapter discusses improvements to the sample preparation method by using organic polymer solutions instead of aqueous surfactants for suspending the nanotubes. The results show reductions in the distribution of SWNT species which are solubilised, leading to significant improvements in the resolution of the optical absorbance spectra and an increased photoluminescence yield. Two experiments which were performed on the novel polymer-SWNT systems are then described. The first shows (via PLE mapping) that energy is transfered to the SWNTs when the polymer is photo-excited. The possible mechanisms behind this, as well as the implications for using carbon nanotubes as an additive in polymer photovoltaics, are discussed. The second experiment details a recent magneto-PL study of SWNTs embedded in films produced from the polymer solutions. Here, the improved optical signatures and absence of strain at low temperatures have revealed a previously unseen high field intensity dependence. The behavior has been explained by the magnetic field induced mixing of the excitonic states.

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McBride, Gillian M. "Physical and optical characterisation of carbon-silicon layers produced by rapid thermal chemical vapour deposition." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286865.

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Kloser, Rudolf J. "Seabed biotope characterisation based on acoustic sensing." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/524.

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The background to this thesis is Australia’s Oceans Policy, which aims to develop an integrated and ecosystem-based approach to planning and management. An important part of this approach is the identification of natural regions in regional marine planning, for example by establishing marine protected areas for biodiversity conservation. These natural regions will need to be identified on a range of scales for different planning and management actions. The scale of the investigation reported in this thesis is applicable to spatial management at 1 km to 10 km scale and monitoring impacts at the 10s of m to 1 km biotope scale. Seabed biotopes represent a combination of seabed physical attributes and related organisms. To map seabed biotopes in deep water, remote sensing using a combination of acoustic, optical and physical sensors is investigated. The hypothesis tested in this thesis is that acoustic bathymetry and backscatter data from a Simrad EM1002 multi-beam sonar (MBS) can be used to infer (act as a surrogate of) seabed biotopes. To establish a link between the acoustic data and seabed biotopes the acoustic metrics are compared to the physical attributes of the seabed in terms of its substrate and geomorphology at the 10s m to 1 km scale using optical and physical sensors. At this scale the relationship between the dominant faunal functional groups and both the physical attributes of the seabed and the acoustic data is also tested. These tests use data collected from 14 regions and 2 biomes to the south of Australia during a voyage in 2000. Based on 62 reference sites of acoustic, video and physical samples, a significant relationship between ecological seabed terrain types and acoustic backscatter and bathymetry was observed.These ecological terrain types of soft-smooth, soft-rough, hard-smooth and hard-rough were chosen as they were the most relevant to the biota in their ability to attach on or burrow into the seabed. A seabed scattering model supported this empirical relationship and the overall shape of backscatter to incidence angle relationship for soft and hard seabed types. The correlation between acoustic data (backscatter mean and standard deviation) and the visual and physical samples was most consistent between soft-smooth and hard-rough terrain types for a large range of incidence angles (16o to 70o). Using phenomenological backscatter features segmented into 10 common incidence angle bins from -70o to 70o the length resolution of the data decreased to 0.55 times depth. The decreased resolution was offset by improved near normal incidence (0o to 30o) seabed type discrimination with cross validation error reducing from 32% to 4%. A significant relationship was also established between the acoustic data and the dominant functional groups of fauna. Faunal functional groups were based on the ecological function, feeding mode and substrate preference, with 8 out of the 10 groups predicted with 70% correctness by the four acoustically derived ecological terrain types. Restricting the terrain classification to simple soft and hard using the acoustic backscatter data improved the prediction of three faunal functional groups to greater than 80%. Combining the acoustic bathymetry and backscatter data an example region, Everard Canyon, was interpreted at a range of spatial scales and the ability to predict the preferred habitat of a stalked crinoid demonstrated.Seabed terrain of soft and hard was predicted from the acoustic backscatter data referenced to a common seabed incidence angle of 40o. This method of analysis was selected due to its combined properties of high spatial resolution, consistent between terrain discrimination at the widest range of incidence angles and consistent data quality checking at varying ranges. Based in part on the research reported in this thesis a mid-depth Simrad EM300 multibeam sonar was purchased for use in Australian waters. A sampling strategy is outlined to map all offshore waters with priority within the 100 m to 1500 m depths.

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Kloser, Rudolf J. "Seabed biotope characterisation based on acoustic sensing." Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18566.

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The background to this thesis is Australia’s Oceans Policy, which aims to develop an integrated and ecosystem-based approach to planning and management. An important part of this approach is the identification of natural regions in regional marine planning, for example by establishing marine protected areas for biodiversity conservation. These natural regions will need to be identified on a range of scales for different planning and management actions. The scale of the investigation reported in this thesis is applicable to spatial management at 1 km to 10 km scale and monitoring impacts at the 10s of m to 1 km biotope scale. Seabed biotopes represent a combination of seabed physical attributes and related organisms. To map seabed biotopes in deep water, remote sensing using a combination of acoustic, optical and physical sensors is investigated. The hypothesis tested in this thesis is that acoustic bathymetry and backscatter data from a Simrad EM1002 multi-beam sonar (MBS) can be used to infer (act as a surrogate of) seabed biotopes. To establish a link between the acoustic data and seabed biotopes the acoustic metrics are compared to the physical attributes of the seabed in terms of its substrate and geomorphology at the 10s m to 1 km scale using optical and physical sensors. At this scale the relationship between the dominant faunal functional groups and both the physical attributes of the seabed and the acoustic data is also tested. These tests use data collected from 14 regions and 2 biomes to the south of Australia during a voyage in 2000. Based on 62 reference sites of acoustic, video and physical samples, a significant relationship between ecological seabed terrain types and acoustic backscatter and bathymetry was observed.
These ecological terrain types of soft-smooth, soft-rough, hard-smooth and hard-rough were chosen as they were the most relevant to the biota in their ability to attach on or burrow into the seabed. A seabed scattering model supported this empirical relationship and the overall shape of backscatter to incidence angle relationship for soft and hard seabed types. The correlation between acoustic data (backscatter mean and standard deviation) and the visual and physical samples was most consistent between soft-smooth and hard-rough terrain types for a large range of incidence angles (16o to 70o). Using phenomenological backscatter features segmented into 10 common incidence angle bins from -70o to 70o the length resolution of the data decreased to 0.55 times depth. The decreased resolution was offset by improved near normal incidence (0o to 30o) seabed type discrimination with cross validation error reducing from 32% to 4%. A significant relationship was also established between the acoustic data and the dominant functional groups of fauna. Faunal functional groups were based on the ecological function, feeding mode and substrate preference, with 8 out of the 10 groups predicted with 70% correctness by the four acoustically derived ecological terrain types. Restricting the terrain classification to simple soft and hard using the acoustic backscatter data improved the prediction of three faunal functional groups to greater than 80%. Combining the acoustic bathymetry and backscatter data an example region, Everard Canyon, was interpreted at a range of spatial scales and the ability to predict the preferred habitat of a stalked crinoid demonstrated.
Seabed terrain of soft and hard was predicted from the acoustic backscatter data referenced to a common seabed incidence angle of 40o. This method of analysis was selected due to its combined properties of high spatial resolution, consistent between terrain discrimination at the widest range of incidence angles and consistent data quality checking at varying ranges. Based in part on the research reported in this thesis a mid-depth Simrad EM300 multibeam sonar was purchased for use in Australian waters. A sampling strategy is outlined to map all offshore waters with priority within the 100 m to 1500 m depths.

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Mukherjee, Kalparupa. "Investigation into trapping mechanisms and impact on performances and reliability of GaN HEMTs through physical simulation and electro-optical characterization." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0401/document.

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Le Nitrure de Gallium est devenu un matériau incontournable pour le développement de dispositifs semi-conducteurs aux performances très supérieures aux composants silicium. L'immense potentiel du dispositif HEMT AlGaN / GaN provient du gaz d'électrons à haute densité et à forte mobilité formé au niveau de son hétéro-structure. Cependant, le fonctionnement sous champ électrique, température et conditions de stress élevés rend le dispositif vulnérable aux problèmes de fiabilité qui limitent son efficacité et sa durée de vie. Les pièges présents dans la structure, qui limitent la densité porteurs du canal et pénalisent la réponse du dispositif, constituent le facteur majeur déterminant plusieurs effets électriques parasites et la fiabilité du dispositif. L’industrie du GaN est confrontée à la nécessité de disposer de dispositifs de haute fiabilité si bien qu’il est nécessaire de faire des progrès dans l’analyse de l’impact des pièges pour en déduire des solutions technologiques permettant leur inhibition.La motivation de ce travail est d’identifier les signatures électriques associées à l’activité de différents pièges ainsi que leurs conséquences sur les performances et la fiabilité des HEMT GaN grâce à une étude dédiée des dispositifs de la technologie GH-25 conçue pour des applications RF de puissance fonctionnant jusqu’à 20 GHz. L’étude utilise des simulations physiques TCAD. Une analyse détaillée des effets indépendants et interdépendants est réalisée afin d'identifier l'impact relatif des pièges pour des études de cas où les caractéristiques électriques présentent des écarts importants par rapport à la réponse idéale du dispositif.La méthodologie utilisée pour développer un modèle TCAD représentatif et dérivé de la physique interne est décrite en accordant une attention particulière au courant de fuite de grille qui reflète l'influence de processus physiques fondamentaux ainsi que les effets parasites couramment rencontrés dans les dispositifs GaN. Les simulations ciblées établissent un lien entre l'observation d'un problème de fiabilité et son origine sous-jacente dans les phénomènes de piégeage.L’établissement d’associations entre la localisation spatiale des pièges et les dégradations qu’ils pourraient provoquer est un objectif important de cette thèse.Plusieurs stratégies de simulation sont présentées, permettant d’explorer le comportement des pièges en régime permanent et en régime transitoire et donnant une perception détaillée de la manière dont les paramètres des pièges affectent les caractéristiques opérationnelles. Des approches pour distinguer les interactions de pièges différents sont également décrites. L’étude centrale de cette thèse est un phénomène de courant de fuite parasite complexe, identifié dans le procédé GH 25comme conséquence du vieillissement accéléré. Connu sous le nom de «belly-shape», il représente un exemple intéressant de la façon dont les stratégies développées peuvent être appliquées pour discerner la causalité, l'impact et l'évolution des pièges responsables du phénomène. Afin d'approfondir l'analyse des modes de piégeage, nous avons procédé à des tests de vieillissement accéléré et des caractérisations électro-optiques afin de modifier la dynamique générale du mécanisme de piégeage et d'observer la modulation du mécanisme du piégeage sur la réponse du dispositif
Gallium Nitride has emerged as a terrific contender to lead the future of the semiconductor industry beyond the performance limits of silicon.The immense potential of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT device is derived from the high density, high mobility electron gas formed at its hetero-structure. However, frequent subjection to high electric field, temperature and stress conditions makes the device vulnerable to reliability issues that restrict its efficiency and life time. A dominant contributor to several parasitic and reliability issues are traps present within the semiconductor structure which restrict the channel density and aggravate the device static and dynamic response. As the GaN industry addresses an increasing demand for superior devices, reliability analysis is of critical importance. There is a necessity to enable advancements in trap inhibition which would allow the realization of stronger, efficient devices.The motivation of this work is to recognize distinct ways in which various traps affect the performance and reliability metrics of GaN 0.25 µm HEMTs through a study of devices of the GH-25 process optimized for high power applications up to 20 GHz. The investigation employs physical TCAD simulations to provide insight and perspective to electrical and optical characterizations. Detailed analysis into independent and interrelated effects is performed to identify the relative impact of traps in circumstances presenting notable deviations from the ideal device response.The methodology to develop a representative TCAD model derived closely from internal physics is described with special focus on the sensitive gate leakage characteristic which reflects the influence of fundamental physical processes as well as parasitic effects commonly encountered in GaN HEMTs. Targeted simulations provide a pivotal link between the observation of a reliability issue and its underlying origin in trapping phenomena. Establishing associations between the spatial location of traps and the degradations they could trigger is an important objective of this thesis.Several simulation strategies that explore trapping behavior in various steady state and transient environments are discussed which allow detailed perception into the manner and extent to which trap attributes affect operational considerations. Approaches to distinguish disparate trap interactions are also described. The central case study in this thesis is an abstruse parasitic leakage phenomenon, identified in the GH 25 process as a consequence of aging stress. Referred to as the “belly shape”, it presents an interesting example of how the developed strategies can be applied to discern the causality, impact and evolution of the responsible traps. In order to take a deeper look into trapping modes, further aging and LASER characterizations are performed to alter the general occupational dynamics and observe the modulation of trap control over device response

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RADIS, MICHELA. "Influence of material optical characteristics on vision and fruition of Cultural Heritage." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2687256.

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For Cultural Heritage materials is important to guarantee a correct conservation and vision of the artefacts, enhancing the observer experience assuring the best visual and conceptual appearance of artefacts. Several factors affect the visual appearance of artistic materials. However, available measurement methodologies for the material characterisation are not able to accurately predict the visual appearance of materials usually used in cultural heritage. Goals of the thesis research was to identify the visual attributes that mainly affect the appearance of artworks, investigate the correlation between measured data and visual human response and individuate if there are measured conditions that allow a better correlation. Finally, provide useful suggestion to aid in planning and selecting adequate conservative intervention, such as restoration work. In order to reach these purposes, different samples representative of materials used in artistic artefacts were selected and realised and two different visual testes were set up and carried out investigating the influence of lighting and viewing conditions on the human visual response of selected visual attributes: glossiness, colour (saturation), brightness and sparkling. The first visual test takes into account how the human visual responses on glossiness and saturation are affected by the lighting and viewing conditions using coloured samples with different levels of gloss obtained brushed on them different mixture of natural varnishes. While, in the second visual test were identified the elements that mainly affect the human perception of sparkling and brightness in monochromatic samples with mica particles, a mineral easily found in ornamental stones. At the end of each visual test, all responses were statistical analysed and, then, the results were compared with the corresponding objective measured data. In this way, it was possible to define what measurement conditions allow to have a better correlation with the subjective assessment.

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Morris, Iestyn L. "Optical characterisation of semiconductors." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386969.

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Fitzmaurice, Anthony J. "Characterisation of nonlinear optical materials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240597.

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Fermann, Martin. "Characterisation techniques for special optical fibres." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/404728/.

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Special optical fibres are introduced with the emphasis on rare-earth-doped fibres and fibres with crystal-like properties. Characterisation techniques for these types of fibre are discussed and several applications are described. In particular, optical time-domain reflectometry is used to demonstrate a distributed temperature sensor based on the temperature dependence of the absorption in rare-earth-doped fibres. Further, energy transfer between ytterbium and erbium is characterised and an erbium fibre laser sensitised with ytterbium is demonstrated. Finally, techniques for the creation of crystal-like properties in optical fibres are developed and second-order nonlinear phenomena in these fibres are analysed both experimentally and theoretically.

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Hillman, Christopher Wyndham John. "Scanning near-field optical microscope characterisation of microstructured optical fibre devices." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/15484/.

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This thesis details work relating to the characterisation of microstructured fibres using SPM techniques. More specifically the optical properties of the fibres have been investigated by the use of a scanning near-field optical microscope and atomic force microscopy. The SNOM was constructed and fully characterised as part of this work. The current state of research into microstructured fibre fabrication, theory and applications is currently benefitting from a great deal of interest from academia and commercial investors alike. New fibre structures are being produced at a rate previously impossible. With this increase comes a need to be able to characterise more effectively the fibres that are produced. SNOM provides a number of significant features that address this issue. In this work four recently fabricated microstructured fibres have been investigated at a number of wavelengths. In each case accurate mode pro- files have been measured and compared with resolution that would be extremely difficult to obtain with traditional mode profiling techniques. A theoretical model has also been used to predict the mode profiles. Measurements of the mode profiles after propagation in free space are presented and are compared to a theoretical beam propagation technique. An interferometric technique at 1550nm was used to image electric field amplitude and phase of the fibre modes, including results on the phase evolution of the mode as it propagates in free space.

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Частини книг з теми "Optical physical characterisation"

Donato, Maria G., Giuliana Faggio, Giacomo Messina, Saveria Santangelo, and G. Verona Rinati. "Optical Characterisation of High-Quality Homoepitaxial Diamond." In Topics in Applied Physics, 345–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11378235_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Optical physical characterisation"

Boher, Pierre, Jean Louis Stehle, and Philippe Houdy. "Surface roughness characterisation of Au thin film by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, Grazing x-ray reflectance and Scanning Tunnelling microscopy." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1995.tha7.

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Gold thin films of various thicknesses have been evaporated on silicon and aluminium nitride substrates in the same conditions in order to test the substrate influence on the surface roughness and physical properties of the films.

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Arthington, M., C. Siviour, N. Petrinic, and B. Elliott. "Strain rate dependence of Ti64: Characterisation of mechanical properties up to failure using novel optical techniques." In DYMAT 2009 - 9th International Conferences on the Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/dymat/2009026.

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Stockford, I. M., S. P. Morgan, P. C. Y. Chang, and J. G. Walker. "Characterisation of layered scattering media using the spatial distribution of polarized light." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4434_37.

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The scattering of polarized light from a multilayered scattering medium is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. The polarization and spatial properties of the emerging light are used to perform tissue localisation in order to extract the physical and optical properties of the layered medium. The polarization technique is enhanced using linearly and circularly polarized illumination to probe different depths. Absorption and layer thickness is varied and it is demonstrated that the determination of these values is aided by the inclusion of polarization information to allow localisation of different volumes within the sample. Potential applications of these techniques are burn depth and melanoma thickness measurement.

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Finnan, C., Q. Jiang, T. P. J. Han, and H. G. Gallagher. "The Growth and Characterisation of Stoichiometric LiNbO3 Crystals for Second Harmonic Generation of 1.06 µm Radiation." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwf47.

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Crystals of congruent LiNbO3 are prepared by the Czochralski technique from Li2O deficient melts and contain up to 5% intrinsic defects. As a result, congruent LiNbO3 is susceptible to optical damage when used for second harmonic generation (SHG) of the 1.06 µm output of a Nd:YAG laser. On the other hand, crystals grown by the same technique from non-congruent melts exhibit significant compositional variations along their length due to segregation effects, with a corresponding deleterious effect on many physical properties such as Curie point, birefringence, phase matching temperature and absorption edge.

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Guilemany, J. M., and J. A. Calero. "Structural Characterization of Chromium Carbide-Nickel Chromium Coatings Obtained by HVOF-Spraying." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0717.

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Abstract Chromium carbide-nickel chromium coatings produced by HVOF spraying are widely used for high temperature wear and erosion resistant applications. Examination of the literature shows that whilst the mechanical properties of these coatings have been widely investigated, there has been little research into the physical processes occurring during HVOF spraying of this system, such as carbide dissolution, liquid-metallic phase oxidation, decarburisation and rapid solidification. The purpose of the present work has been to perform a systematic characterisation of the chromium carbide-nickel chromium system in both the initial powder and as-sprayed states with a variety of spraying conditions using optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction. The presence of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases has been demonstrated. The nanocrystalline structures tend to be Ni rich, with the amorphous phases rich in Cr. Carbides of the form Cr3C2 were found to be dissolved slightly during spraying, increasing the Cr and C contents of the liquid metallic phase. There was no evidence of chromium carbide oxidation.

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Bekeny, Chegnui, Tobias Voss, Lars Wischmeier, Jürgen Gutowski, Bianca Postels, Marc Kreye, and Andreas Waag. "Optical Characterisation of Low-Temperature Grown ZnO Nanorods." In PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS: 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors - ICPS 2006. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2729881.

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Kumar, Rajeev. "Optical characterisation of PVA capped CdSe nanocrystalline thin film." In ADVANCED MATERIALS AND RADIATION PHYSICS (AMRP-2020): 5th National e-Conference on Advanced Materials and Radiation Physics. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0052466.

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Voorma, H. J., E. Louis, N. B. Koster, F. Bijkerk, and M. J. v. d. Wiel. "Characterisation of Mo/Si multilayers with small angle reflectivity measurements." In Physics of X-Ray Multilayer Structures. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pxrayms.1994.wc.6.

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We developed an optical system for soft x-ray projection lithography [1] with a laser plasma x-ray source. In the optical system Mo/Si multilayer mirrors are used for near normal incidence reflectivity. High reflectivity of each multilayer is mandatory because in the optical system four reflecting surfaces are used. A reliable tool for characterisation of multilayers is needed in the process of determining the optimum parameters for the production of high reflectivity multilayer mirrors. Therefore we developed software to analyse the hard x-ray reflectivity measurements. With this software, that is based on a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the Bragg peaks, a distinction between interface-roughness and layer-thickness errors can be made. These two parameters have considerable influence on the near normal incidence reflectivity. Furthermore, reflectivity measurements are done at various wavelengths to find the material densities. These are also important parameters for the near normal incidence reflectivity. This article will restrict itself to the analysis Mo/Si multilayers deposited at 36°C and 215°C with or without ion etching. These multilayers are made for a wavelength of 13.5 nm at normal incidence.

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Qubian, Ali, Mohammed Ahmad Zekraoui, Sina Mohajeri, Emad Mortezazadeh, Reza Eslahi, Maryam Bakhtiari, Abrar Al Dabbous, Asma Al Sagheer, Ali Alizadeh, and Mostafa Zeinali. "An Innovative AI Physics Hybrid Technology to Overcome the Time-Intensive History Matching Challenges, A Case Study: Minagish Oil Field." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212608-ms.

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Abstract Reservoir simulation is the main factor in decisions made by oil companies in reservoir management. However, the simulation of huge and complex oil reservoirs through a time-saving and high-accuracy method is the primary concern in reservoir simulation. In this study, a novel AI-Physics hybrid model was proposed for combining with the traditional reservoir simulation to overcome the time-intensive history matching challenges. A combination of classical numerical simulation and deep learning neural network was applied to train the hybrid model with historical data. As a result, a model was obtained with predictive capabilities to forecast the field's behavior. Then, we combined AI-Physics history training with blind test prediction calculation of remaining oil maps. Finally, forecast scenario definitions based on the remaining oil map were created by the AI-Physic model. The proposed novel simulation method can reduce the history matching and scenario assessment time by 90 to 95%. According to its capabilities, three improved forecast scenarios were created based on a predefined scenario. These improved scenarios can produce a significant million standard barrels more oil than the original development scenario within three years. This technology eliminates limitations for multiple scenario assessments. In our AI hybrid model, the power of dynamic reservoir simulation is combined with a modern machine learning approach to "Evergreen" forecasts in reservoir assets. Consequently, the simulation resulted in a sub-optimal shortcut between model updates and inconsistencies in production forecasting. Moreover, applying deep learning methods to focus on the critical reservoir properties intelligently leads to tremendous time-saving in the static model update life cycle. In fact, with this novel simulation that we implemented, the new production data could be incorporated within minutes to regenerate more reliable and up-to-date forecasts. This simulation generates ‘up-to-date’ remaining hydrocarbon maps interactively, so the operator can continuously optimize the infill drilling locations between Field Development Plan (FDP) cycles.

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Phillips, P. L., J. C. Knight, B. J. Mangan, P. St J. Russell, M. D. B. Charlton, and G. J. Parker. "Near-field Optical Microscopy of Photonic Crystal Waveguide Structures." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cwe7.

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Photonic band gap structures are a topic of very active research because of their novel physics and many potential applications. Theoretical studies of photonic crystals have revealed many interesting features: however, realisation of genuine applications has been hindered by the difficulties associated with modelling, fabricating and characterising devices. In this paper, we describe how scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) enables the complete characterisation of the electromagnetic fields in 2-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide structures.

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