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Статті в журналах з теми "Ophthalmic lenses"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

Maseedupalli, Srikanth, and Neelima Manchikanti. "Birefringence in ophthalmic lenses." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports 1, no. 3 (2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2709_20.

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2

Faria‐e‐Sousa, Sidney Julio. "Sagitta of ophthalmic lenses." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 40, no. 6 (September 18, 2020): 828–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/opo.12732.

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3

de Lega, A. Colonna. "Coatings for ophthalmic lenses." Optics News 15, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/on.15.7.000016.

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4

Freeman, M. "Keynote address: Ophthalmic lenses." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 10, no. 1 (January 1990): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0275-5408(90)90189-6.

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5

No, Jung-Won, Dong-Hyun Kim, Min-Jae Lee, Duck-Hyun Kim, Tae-Hun Kim, and A.-Young Sung. "Preparation and Characterization of Ophthalmic Lens Materials Containing Titanium Silicon Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 8016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11240.

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Hydrogel ophthalmic lenses containing fluorine-substituted aniline group, titanium silicon oxide nanoparticles, and silver nanoparticles were copolymerized, and the physical and optical properties of the hydrogel lenses were measured. To produce the hydrophilic ophthalmic lenses, the additives were added to the mixture containing HEMA, NVP, MA, EGDMA, and AIBN. The cast mold method was used for the manufacture of the hydrogel ophthalmic lenses, and the produced lenses were completely soaked in a 0.9% NaCl normal saline solution for 24 hours for hydration. The physical properties of the produced macromolecule showed that the water content was 32.5–37.6%, the refractive index was 1.450–1.464, the UV-B transmittance was 0.5–35.2%, and the contact angle was between 56 and 69°. Also, the addition of aniline, titanium silicon oxide, and silver nanoparticles allowed the ophthalmic lenses to block UV. These results show that the produced macromolecule can be used as hydrophilic lenses for ophthalmologic purposes that can block UV.

6

Yuen, Gloria S.-C., B. Ralph Chou, Thao PT Ngo, Brian B. Cheng, and Stephen J. Dain. "Prescription compliance in ophthalmic lenses." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 94, no. 4 (January 24, 2011): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00566.x.

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7

STROUD, JACKSON S. "Localized Defects in Ophthalmic Lenses." Optometry and Vision Science 66, no. 3 (March 1989): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198903000-00002.

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8

Limon, Ofer, and Zeev Zalevsky. "Ophthalmic halo reduced lenses design." Optics Communications 342 (May 2015): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.12.049.

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9

Toffoletto, Nadia, Benilde Saramago, and Ana Paula Serro. "Therapeutic Ophthalmic Lenses: A Review." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010036.

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An increasing incidence of eye diseases has been registered in the last decades in developed countries due to the ageing of population, changes in lifestyle, environmental factors, and the presence of concomitant medical conditions. The increase of public awareness on ocular conditions leads to an early diagnosis and treatment, as well as an increased demand for more effective and minimally invasive solutions for the treatment of both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Despite being the most common route of ophthalmic drug administration, eye drops are associated with compliance issues, drug wastage by lacrimation, and low bioavailability due to the ocular barriers. In order to overcome these problems, the design of drug-eluting ophthalmic lenses constitutes a non-invasive and patient-friendly approach for the sustained drug delivery to the eye. Several examples of therapeutic contact lenses and intraocular lenses have been developed, by means of different strategies of drug loading, leading to promising results. This review aims to report the recent advances in the development of therapeutic ophthalmic lenses for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of eye pathologies (i.e., glaucoma, cataract, corneal diseases, or posterior segment diseases) and it gives an overview of the future perspectives and challenges in the field.

10

Eppig, Timo, Alexis Speck, Melanie Gillner, Dieter Nagengast, and Achim Langenbucher. "Photochromic dynamics of ophthalmic lenses." Applied Optics 51, no. 2 (January 4, 2012): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.51.000133.

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11

Simonet, P. "Distortion induced by ophthalmic lenses." Vision Research 35, no. 1 (October 1995): S245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(95)98943-4.

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12

Myers, OD, Raymond I. "Metamorphosis of Contact Lenses." Hindsight: Journal of Optometry History 52, no. 2 (September 17, 2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/hindsight.v52i2.33210.

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In 1971, soft contact lenses were a striking addition to the ophthalmic field that related functionally to the existing hard contact lenses by correctingrefractive error, but their properties and description were different so as to confound ophthalmic professionals in their introduction. Their inventor Otto Wichterle, a Czechoslovakian chemist and anticommunist dissident, developed the soft lens in the 1950-60s with little knowledge of the hard lens, but its potential was broad enough to break through the communist barriers and to spark international consumer interest and development.Challenges in manufacturing and developing soft contact lenses created a complex discipline around the cornea and lid physiology, and optics. This expanded greatly the scientific knowledge of the eye and adnexa to allow a soft, hydrophilic lens to remain symbiotic with the eye. Challenges were met over the past 50 years with a change in nomenclature and in automated manufacturing closer to hard lenses, optical advancements, new materials and surface treatments, and lens disinfection methods. The science developing from the diminutive soft lens led to the incorporation of related biomedical and polymer science within the broader ophthalmic field that inordinately influenced optical advancements, instrumentation,and ocular pathology.

13

McElroy, Deirdre M., Luke M. Geever, Clement L. Higginbotham, and Sinead M. Devery. "The Effect of Photoinitiator Concentration on the Physicochemical Properties of Hydrogel Contact Lenses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 679 (October 2014): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.679.118.

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Hydrogel soft contact lenses have been investigated as delivery systems for ophthalmic drug products in response to the need for more efficient ophthalmic drug delivery systems. Ocular drugs delivered via eye drops have a low residence time in the eye resulting in as low as 5% bioavailability of the therapeutic agent. This study investigates the effect of varying concentrations of the photoinitiator diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (TPO) on the physicochemical properties of hydrogel soft contact lenses for ophthalmic drug delivery purposes. Contact lens samples were synthesised via photopolymerisation with a range of initiator concentration. Gel fraction and swelling results indicated that increasing the photoinitiator concentration increased the efficiency of the gel network and reduced the water content of contact lens samples. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was employed to confirm polymerisation of the lenses and also indicated the presence of residual photoinitiator in lenses with higher TPO concentrations.

14

Ciebiera, Hanna. "Contact lenses as ophthalmic drug carriers." OphthaTherapy. Therapies in Ophthalmology 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24292/01.ot.301216.10.

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15

Vardhan, Ashok, KandagaddalaVenkata Sudheer, and KodavaliVenkata Kamesh. "Semiautomated disinfection of ophthalmic contact lenses." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 70, no. 10 (2022): 3690. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_3102_21.

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16

Jung Jung, Hyun, and Anuj Chauhan. "Ophthalmic drug delivery by contact lenses." Expert Review of Ophthalmology 7, no. 3 (June 2012): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eop.12.22.

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17

Hui, Alex. "Contact lenses for ophthalmic drug delivery." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 100, no. 5 (September 2017): 494–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12592.

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18

MALACARA, ZACARIAS, and DANIEL MALACARA. "Aberrations of Sphero-Cylindrical Ophthalmic Lenses." Optometry and vision Science 67, no. 4 (April 1990): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199004000-00007.

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19

Trujillo-Schiaffino, Gerardo. "Null test compensators for ophthalmic lenses." Optical Engineering 41, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1512304.

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20

DAIN, STEPHEN J. "Pressure Testing of Ophthalmic Safety Lenses." Optometry and Vision Science 65, no. 7 (July 1988): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198807000-00009.

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21

Marks, Randall, David L. Mathine, Gholam Peyman, Jim Schwiegerling, and Nasser Peyghambarian. "Adjustable fluidic lenses for ophthalmic corrections." Optics Letters 34, no. 4 (February 12, 2009): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.34.000515.

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22

Gulsen, Derya, and Anuj Chauhan. "Ophthalmic Drug Delivery through Contact Lenses." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 45, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.03-0959.

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23

Hu, Xiaohong, Lingyun Hao, Huaiqing Wang, Xiaoli Yang, Guojun Zhang, Guoyu Wang, and Xiao Zhang. "Hydrogel Contact Lens for Extended Delivery of Ophthalmic Drugs." International Journal of Polymer Science 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/814163.

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Soft contact lenses can improve the bioavailability and prolong the residence time of drugs and, therefore, are ideal drug carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery. Hydrogels are the leading materials of soft contact lenses because of their biocompatibility and transparent characteristic. In order to increase the amount of load drug and to control their release at the expected intervals, many strategies are developed to modify the conventional contact lens as well as the novel hydrogel contact lenses that include (i) polymeric hydrogels with controlled hydrophilic/hydrophobic copolymer ratio; (ii) hydrogels for inclusion of drugs in a colloidal structure dispersed in the contact lenses; (iii) ligand-containing hydrogels; (iv) molecularly imprinted polymeric hydrogels; (v) hydrogel with the surface containing multilayer structure for drugs loading and releasing. The advantages and disadvantages of these strategies in modifying or designing hydrogel contact lenses for extended ophthalmic drug delivery are analyzed in this paper.

24

Shin, Su-Mi, and A.-Young Sung. "Preparation and Analysis of Functional Silicone Hydrogel Lenses Containing ZrO2 and Antimony Tin Oxide Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 4649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19291.

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This study prepared silicone hydrogel ophthalmic lenses using 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), synthesized silicone monomer (SID), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (a crosslinking agent, EGDMA), and azobisisobutyronitrile (an initiator, AIBN). Also, Zirconium oxide (ZrO2), antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles were added to the silicone hydrogel material to analyze the characteristics of the nanoparticles. The mixture was heated at 130 °C for 2 hours to produce the ophthalmic contact lens by cast mould method. As a result, the manufactured silicone hydrogel lens was prepared having high oxygen permeability and tensile strength while satisfying the basic requirements of ophthalmic hydrogel lens materials. Also, the addition of ZrO2 NPs increased tensile strength of the manufactured lens, and ATO NPs were found to improve wettability. Therefore, ZrO2 and ATO nanoparticles can be used effectively as additives for functional ophthalmic silicone hydrogel lenses.

25

Franco, Paola, and Iolanda De Marco. "Contact Lenses as Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071102.

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Ophthalmic drugs used for the treatment of various ocular diseases are commonly administered by eye drops. However, due to anatomical and physiological factors, there is a low bioavailability of the active principle. In order to increase the drug residence time on the cornea to adequate levels, therapeutic contact lenses have recently been proposed. The polymeric support that constitutes the contact lens is loaded with the drug; in this way, there is a direct and effective pharmacological action on the target organ, promoting a prolonged release of the active principle. The incorporation of ophthalmic drugs into contact lenses can be performed by different techniques; nowadays, the soaking method is mainly employed. To improve the therapeutic performance of drug-loaded contact lenses, innovative methods have recently been proposed, including the impregnation with supercritical carbon dioxide. This updated review of therapeutic contact lenses production and application provides useful information on the most effective preparation methodologies, recent achievements and future perspectives.

26

SMITH, G., and D. A. ATCHISON. "Aspheric Surfaces and Lenses in Ophthalmic Optics." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 68, no. 4 (July 1985): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1985.tb01074.x.

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27

Green, Keith, Karen A. Bowman, and Christopher A. Paterson. "Interaction between ophthalmic drugs and intraocular lenses." American Intra-Ocular Implant Society Journal 11, no. 1 (January 1985): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-2776(85)80110-5.

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28

Simonet, P., B. Bourdoncle, C. Miege, and J. Gresset. "P 461 Distortion induced by ophthalmic lenses." Vision Research 35 (October 1995): S245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(95)90721-1.

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29

Ferraz, Maria Pia. "Biomaterials for Ophthalmic Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 5886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125886.

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Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the eye, the organ responsible for vision, and its attachments. Biomaterials can be made with different types of materials and can replace or improve a function or an organ, specifically the eye in the case of ophthalmic biomaterials. Biomaterials are substances that interact with biological systems for a medical purpose, either as a therapeutic (treat, augment, repair, or replace a tissue function of the body) or a diagnostic agent, and have continued to improve over the years, leading to the creation of new biomaterials. With the arrival of new generations, biomaterials have succeeded in reducing complications and toxicity and improving biocompatibilities associated with older generations. With the aging population, eye problems are becoming more prevalent, and biomaterials have helped in recent years to improve or restore vision, improving the quality of life of many patients. This review focuses on the most clinically used ophthalmic biomaterials, including contact lenses, intraocular lenses, artificial tears, inlays and vitreous replacements. Tissue engineering is presented as a new tool that is able to be treat several ophthalmologic disorders.

30

Shin, Su-Mi, and A.-Young Sung. "Effects on the Physical Properties of Ophthalmic Hydrogels Containing 4-Chlorostyrene and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with Ultraviolet Blocking Ability." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 6871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18812.

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The optical, physical and polymerization property of hydrogel ophthalmic lenses made by cerium nanoparticles containing 4-chlorostyrene as a base hydrogel material were analyzed. Cerium oxide nanoparticles were used as additive. And HEMA, 4-chlorostyrene and a cross-linker EGDMA were copolymerized in the presence of AIBN as an initiator. Also, the polymerization property such as TGA and absorbance of the prepared lens were measured. Measurement of the polymerization characteristics of the copolymerized material showed that TGA was found that the addition of cerium oxide increased thermal stability. The physical properties of the basic lenses were totally satisfied and breaking strength gradually increased with the addition amount of 4-Chlorostyrene. Cerium nanoparticles are considered to satisfy the basic requirements of hydrogel lenses and UV-blocking amount gradually increased according to the addition ratio of cerium oxide nanoparticles without affecting the basic physical properties. Therefore, these materials can be used effectively as additives for ophthalmic hydrogel lenses.

31

Shin, Su-Mi, and A.-Young Sung. "Study on Dispersant and Surface Analysis of Ophthalmic Lens Materials Containing Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 4164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19376.

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In this study, two types of carbon nanotubes were used as ophthalmic material, and hydrogel contact lenses were polymerized by adding two types of dispersants to effectively exert the functions of carbon nanotubes. The physical properties and surfaces of the ophthalmic hydrogel lenses prepared to confirm the functionality as a dispersant were compared and analyzed to find the utility as an ophthalmic lens material. For the polymerization, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), single-walled carbon nanotubes carboxylic acid functionalized (SWCCNTs), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, a crosslinking agent), and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, an initiator) was used. In addition, as a dispersant, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and BYK-111 were copolymerized. As a result of this study, PVP increased the water content and decreased refractive index regardless of the type of carbon, whereas BYK-111 did not show a significant difference in basic properties. Also, PVP gradually decreased breaking strength, while BYK-111 gradually increased breaking strength. BYK-111 effectively exerted the function of carbon nanotubes, and it was confirmed whether it was dispersed through TEM. Therefore, if carbon nanotubes are used as ophthalmic materials by utilizing BYK-111, it considered to be used as functional ophthalmic lens materials.

32

Alani, Sara, Fatima J. Alhasani, and Emad S. Al Hassani. "Enhanced the Structure of Ophthalmic Implants (Rigid Contact Lenses) by Aloe Vera Addition." Key Engineering Materials 936 (December 14, 2022): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-n176oh.

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Contact lenses are being used by more than 125 million people around the world for ophthalmic treatments. There has been a recent surge in interest in researching and developing new materials for contact lenses (CLs). With the advancement of associated biomaterials, such as drug delivery, these materials will continue to grow in importance in the future. If you're looking to buy contact lenses, you'll most likely find them made out of polymer or silicone hydrogel. To meet the ever-increasing needs for contact lenses and the ever-increasing number of contact lens users, this work aims to study the effect of adding aloe Vera gel to contact lenses, antibacterial behavior, surface texture, and wettability. Results show the addition of aloe Vera natural materials to rigid PMMA contact lenses aid to promote the performance of contact lenses by changing the internal structure of PMMA, especially when using (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) of aloe Vera due to the increasing in OH content as well as the increasing in the uniformity of microstructure. addition of (0.4% and 0.5 %) of aloe Vera make a reverse effect on the structure due to the saturation of PMMA chain with OH leading to destroying the connections between bonds, therefore, weakening PMMA lenses also using aloe Vera gel act to soften the lenses by increasing the OH content in PMMA structure lead to improving the lens wettability at about (0.2-0.3) % after these percentage large drop in whole properties will occur. Keywords: Rigid contact lens, PMMA, natural materials, Aloe Vera, OH content.

33

Lee, Min-Jae, and A. Young Sung. "Characterization and Compatibility of High Oxygen Permeable Ophthalmic Biomaterial Containing Silane with Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 6954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18819.

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This research is conducted to analyze the compatibility of used monomers and produce the high functional hydrogel ophthalmic polymer containing silane and nanoparticles. Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and cobalt oxide nanoparticles are used as additives for the basic combination of silicone monomer (Sil-H) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). And also, the materials are copolymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking agent, photo polymerization initiator (2H2M) as the initiator. It is judged that the lenses of all combinations are optically excellent and thus have good compatibility. Measurement of the optical and physical characteristics of the manufactured hydrophilic ophthalmic polymer are different in each case. Especially VTMS with cobalt oxide nanoparticle increases the oxygen permeability by the addition of cobalt nanoparticles. These materials are considered to make synergy effect each other, so it can be used in functional hydrogel ophthalmic lenses.

34

Wang, Zhao, Xinhua Li, Xiaojuan Zhang, Ruilong Sheng, Qing Lin, Wenli Song, and Lingyun Hao. "Novel Contact Lenses Embedded with Drug-Loaded Zwitterionic Nanogels for Extended Ophthalmic Drug Delivery." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092328.

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Therapeutic ophthalmic contact lenses with prolonged drug release and improved bioavailability have been developed to circumvent tedious eye drop instillation. In this work, zwitterionic nanogels based on poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) were easily fabricated by one-step reflux-precipitation polymerization, with the advantages of being surfactant-free and morphology controlled. Then, the ophthalmic drug levofloxacin (LEV) was encapsulated into the nanogels. A set of contact lenses with varied nanogel-loading content was fabricated by the cast molding method, with the drug-loaded nanogels dispersed in pre-monomer solutions composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). The structure, surface morphology, water contact angle (WCA), equilibrium water content (EWC), transmittance, and mechanical properties of the contact lenses were subsequently investigated, and in vitro drug release and biocompatibility were further evaluated. As a result, the optimized contact lens with nanogel-loading content of 8 wt% could sustainably deliver LEV for ten days, with critical lens properties within the range of recommended values for commercial contact lenses. Moreover, cell viability assays revealed that the prepared contact lenses were cytocompatible, suggesting their significant potential as an alternative to traditional eye drops or ointment formulations for long-term oculopathy treatment.

35

Huang, Jie, Xiaopeng Zong, Arnold Wilkins, Brian Jenkins, Andrea Bozoki, and Yue Cao. "fMRI evidence that precision ophthalmic tints reduce cortical hyperactivation in migraine." Cephalalgia 31, no. 8 (May 26, 2011): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411409076.

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Background: Certain patterns can induce perceptual illusions/distortions and visual discomfort in most people, headaches in patients with migraine, and seizures in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. Visual stimuli are common triggers for migraine attacks, possibly because of a hyperexcitability of the visual cortex shown in patients with migraine. Precision ophthalmic tints (POTs) are claimed to reduce perceptual distortions and visual discomfort and to prevent migraine headaches in some patients. We report an fMRI visual cortical activation study designed to investigate neurological mechanisms for the beneficial effects of POTs in migraine. Methods: Eleven migraineurs and 11 age- and sex-matched non-headache controls participated in the study using non-stressful and stressful striped patterns viewed through gray, POT, and control coloured lenses. Results: For all lenses, controls and migraineurs did not differ in their response to the non-stressful patterns. When the migraineurs wore gray lenses or control coloured lenses, the stressful pattern resulted in activation that was greater than in the controls. There was also an absence of the characteristic low-pass spatial frequency (SF) tuning in extrastriate visual areas. When POTs were worn, however, both cortical activation and SF tuning were normalized. Both when observing the stressful pattern and under more typical viewing conditions, the POTs reduced visual discomfort more than either of the other two lenses. Conclusion: The normalization of cortical activation and SF tuning in the migraineurs by POTs suggests a neurological basis for the therapeutic effect of these lenses in reducing visual cortical hyperactivation in migraine.

36

MARINOVA, EVELINA MILCHEVA, DIMITAR STOIMENOV DABOV, YANI TODOROV ZDRAVKOV, and EMILIA KRASIMIROVA NASEVA. "Underestimated risks for bacterial keratitis in contact lens usage." Romanian Biotechnological Letters 26, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 2626–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25083/rbl/26.3/2626-2630.

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Objective: The purpose of our research is to emphasize the role of underestimated predisposing conditions for microbial keratitis in contact lens users, to draw attention to the complications of wearing contact lenses without ophthalmic examination, and to offer a short questionnaire for fast and easy estimation of the risk factors for bacterial keratitis. Methods: A series of 23 cases of healthy young individuals, treated for bacterial keratitis, provoked а research on the predisposing factors for its development. Results: 55% of the patients had started to wear contact lenses without specific examination. 75% had made mistakes in the hygiene and storage of the lenses. We identified risk factors for development of bacterial keratitis in all cases. Conclusions: A thorough anamnesis and ophthalmic examination are crucial in decision making about contact lens wearing because they could reveal some of the predisposing conditions for the occurrence of ocular complications. The usage of contact lenses without a prescription poses health risks and could have a negative impact on the social and healthcare system.

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Black, Tina Arbon, and Peter Black. "Fundamentals of ophthalmic dispensing 22: Contact lens regulations." Optician 2021, no. 10 (October 2021): 8742–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/opti.2021.10.8742.

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Vagge, Aldo, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Chiara Del Noce, Ilaria Di Mola, Daniele Sindaco, and Carlo E. Traverso. "Blue light filtering ophthalmic lenses: A systematic review." Seminars in Ophthalmology 36, no. 7 (March 18, 2021): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2021.1900283.

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Lee, Min-Jae, Seon-Young Park, and A.-Young Sung. "Standardization of Antibacterial Evaluation of Ophthalmic Contact Lenses." Society for Standards Certification and Safety 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34139/jscs.2022.12.1.1.

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Castellini, C., F. Francini, and B. Tiribilli. "Hartmann test modification for measuring ophthalmic progressive lenses." Applied Optics 33, no. 19 (July 1, 1994): 4120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.33.004120.

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41

Hill, S. J., H. Moseley, and D. Allan. "Reflection of laser light from ophthalmic contact lenses." Physics in Medicine and Biology 33, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 1301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/33/11/008.

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42

Young, Richard, and Brian J. Tighe. "FRICTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTACT LENSES AND OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS." Cornea 19, Supplement 2 (November 2000): S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003226-200011002-00220.

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Chou, B. Ralph, Gloria S.-C. Yuen, and Stephen J. Dain. "Ballistic impact resistance of selected organic ophthalmic lenses." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 94, no. 6 (September 5, 2011): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2011.00651.x.

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Shin, Su-Mi, and A.-Young Sung. "Standardization of Wettability Evaluation for Ophthalmic Hydrogel Lenses." Society for Standards Certification and Safety 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34139/jscs.2019.9.2.55.

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Salas-Peimbert, Didia Patricia, Gerardo Trujillo-Schiaffino, Jorge Alberto González-Silva, Saúl Almazán-Cuellar, and Daniel Malacara-Doblado. "Simple Hartmann test data interpretation for ophthalmic lenses." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 4 (April 2006): 043102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2188352.

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Flynn, Mary F., Natalie Jackiw, and Dori K. Hosek. "PRESCRIBING OPHTHALMIC LENSES FOR PATIENTS WITH OCULAR PROSTHETICS." Optometry and Vision Science 71, Supplement (December 1994): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199412001-00101.

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Simonet, Pierre, Jacques Gresset, Bernard Bourdoncle, and Christian Miege. "DISTORTION INDUCED BY PANTOSCOPIC ANGLE OF OPHTHALMIC LENSES." Optometry and Vision Science 72, SUPPLEMENT (December 1995): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199512001-00109.

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Gunasegaram, D. R., I. M. Bidhendi, and N. J. McCaffrey. "Modelling the casting process of plastic ophthalmic lenses." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 40, no. 5 (April 2000): 623–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-6955(99)00097-8.

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Caro, J., N. Cuadrado, I. González, D. Casellas, J. M. Prado, A. Vilajoana, P. Artús, S. Peris, A. Carrilero, and J. C. Dürsteler. "Microscratch resistance of ophthalmic coatings on organic lenses." Surface and Coatings Technology 205, no. 21-22 (August 2011): 5040–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.05.006.

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MALACARA, Z., and D. MALACARA. "Tscherning Ellipses and Ray Tracing in Ophthalmic Lenses." Optometry and Vision Science 62, no. 7 (July 1985): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198507000-00003.

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