Статті в журналах: "Operational images"

1

Ren, Huazhong, Chen Du, Rongyuan Liu, Qiming Qin, Guangjian Yan, Zhao-Liang Li, and Jinjie Meng. "Noise Evaluation of early images for Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager." Optics Express 22, no. 22 (October 27, 2014): 27270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.027270.

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Lee, Thomas F., Steven D. Miller, Carl Schueler, and Shawn Miller. "NASA MODIS Previews NPOESS VIIRS Capabilities." Weather and Forecasting 21, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf935.1.

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Abstract The Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), scheduled to fly on the satellites of the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System, will combine the missions of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), which flies on current National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellites, and the Operational Linescan System aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites. VIIRS will offer a number of improvements to weather forecasters. First, because of a sophisticated downlink and relay system, VIIRS latencies will be 30 min or less around the globe, improving the timeliness and therefore the operational usefulness of the images. Second, with 22 channels, VIIRS will offer many more products than its predecessors. As an example, a true-color simulation is shown using data from the Earth Observing System’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), an application current geostationary imagers cannot produce because of a missing “green” wavelength channel. Third, VIIRS images will have improved quality. Through a unique pixel aggregation strategy, VIIRS pixels will not expand rapidly toward the edge of a scan like those of MODIS or AVHRR. Data will retain nearly the same resolution at the edge of the swath as at nadir. Graphs and image simulations depict the improvement in output image quality. Last, the NexSat Web site, which provides near-real-time simulations of VIIRS products, is introduced.

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3

McQuire, Scott. "Photography’s afterlife: Documentary images and the operational archive." Journal of Material Culture 18, no. 3 (September 2013): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183513489930.

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Schmetz, Johannes, Kenneth Holmlund, Joel Hoffman, Bernard Strauss, Brian Mason, Volker Gaertner, Arno Koch, and Leo Van De Berg. "Operational Cloud-Motion Winds from Meteosat Infrared Images." Journal of Applied Meteorology 32, no. 7 (July 1993): 1206–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1206:ocmwfm>2.0.co;2.

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Фахми, Ш. С., Н. В. Шаталова, Е. В. Костикова, and О. В. Бородина. "Algorithms of semantic operational transmission of marine images." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 4(58) (December 2, 2022): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2022.58.4.043.

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Беспилотные транспортные средства, дроны и автономные автомобили, получили широкое применение в повседневной жизни благодаря недавним достижениям в области робототехники и искусственного интеллекта. Наблюдение за акваториями и развитие технологий дистанционного зондирования земли (ДЗЗ) привели к острой необходимости решения задачи обнаружения и слежения за морскими судами в целях обеспечения контроля и безопасности. В последнее время стратегии обучения, относящиеся к области машинного обучения, стали нишей, представляющей интерес для специалистов по ДЗЗ, в частности, серьезной проблемой является оперативная передача видеоинформации с целью повышения ситуационной осведомленности заинтересованных служб в обеспечении контроля и безопасности в реальном времени. При этом важнейшим требованием передачи морских сюжетов является сохранение семантики изображений - пространственные объекты и взаимосвязь между ними без перехода в спектральную область сигнала. В данной работе рассмотрены новые алгоритмы структуризации визуальных данных на основе выделения опорных точек объектов изображений. Развитие технологии систем на кристалле позволило перейти от теоретического моделирования к реализации быстрых пирамидально - рекурсивных алгоритмов обработки видеоинформации. Выполнено моделирование алгоритмов передачи и оценка показателей качества видеосистем передачи изображений. Unmanned vehicles, drones and autonomous cars have been widely used in everyday life thanks to recent advances in robotics and artificial intelligence. Monitoring of water areas and the development of remote sensing technologies have led to an urgent need to solve the problem of detecting and tracking ships in order to ensure control and safety. Recently, learning strategies related to the field of machine learning have become a niche of interest for remote sensing specialists, in particular, the rapid transmission of video information in order to increase situational awareness of interested services in ensuring control and security in real time is a serious problem. At the same time, the most important requirement for the transmission of marine scenes is to preserve the semantics of images  spatial objects and the relationship between them without switching to the spectral region of the signal. In this paper, new algorithms for structuring visual data based on the selection of key points of image objects are considered. The development of system-on-a-chip technology made it possible to move from theoretical modeling to the implementation of fast pyramidal-recursive algorithms for processing video information. Modeling of transmission algorithms and evaluation of quality indicators of video image transmission systems are performed.

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6

Gimenez, Alba. "Distance and Implication." Film Studies 22, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/fs.22.0008.

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Harun Farocki’s Eye/Machine (2003) is a video installation which analyses how what Farocki calls ‘the operational image’ reconfigures our visual regimes. The ‘operational image’ allows machines to operate ever more autonomously and to perform their tasks with no need for human supervision. Farocki links the birth of such operational images to the missiles with integrated cameras used during the Gulf War (1991) and therefore to military purposes. Eye/Machine poses a paradox: operational images generate a process of abstraction in which the image depicted (in the case of the war, the battlefield) gets detached from its indexical dimension, appearing as abstract and unreal. However, such detachment can be reversed when these images are recontextualised and reframed within an exhibition space, since that places them within a human experiential framework. Images, and our perception of them, are part of what Judith Butler calls the ‘extended materiality of war’. Thus, war is not only fought in the battlefield, but also at the level of the senses.

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7

Macarof, Paul, Florian Statescu, Cristian Iulian Birlica, and Paul Gherasim. "IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT EXTENT BASED ON VCI USING SENTINEL DATA: A CASE STUDY OF THE EASTERN OF IAŞI COUNTY." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2019132013.

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In this study was analyzed zones affected by drought using Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), that is based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This fact, drought, is one of the most wide -spread and least understood natural phenomena. In this paper was used remote sensing (RS) data, kindly provided by The European Space Agency (ESA), namely Sentinel-2 (S-2) Multispectral Instrument (MSI) and wellkonwn images Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). The RS images was processed in SNAP and ArcMap. Study Area, was considered the eastern of Iasi county. The main purpose of paper was to investigating if Sentinel images can be used for VCI analysis.

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Venkateswarlu, E., T. Sivannarayana, and K. V. Ratna Kumar. "A comparative analysis of Resourcesat-2 LISS-3 and Landast-8 OLI imagery." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 987–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-987-2014.

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Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS-3) onboard Resoucesat-1 and 2 Satellites have been used extensively for various land cover-land use applications. In this study, we examined the potential of using Resourcesat-2 LISS-3 images in the absence of LANDSAT-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images. This paper compares the capabilities of LISS-3 sensor with OLI sensor. LISS-3 images were selected for comparison because of their close resemblance in electromagnetic spectrum range with LS-8 OLI images. Images of LS-8 OLI and RS-2 LISS-3 of the same area in Andhra Pradesh were used to evaluate the comparative performances based on the intra-inter band correlation, spectral vegetation indices and land cover classification. The results showed that in most cases the LS-8 OLI and the RS-2 LISS-3 images are comparable. This study also indicated that LISS-3 images could fill the data gaps in OLI images for land-cover studies, vice versa.

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9

Katamanov, S. N. "NOAA/AVHRR images navigation results in operational processing conditions." Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa 13, no. 6 (2016): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2016-13-6-187-202.

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10

Bin-Saad, Maged G. "Symbolic operational images and decomposition formulas for hypergeometric functions." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 376, no. 2 (April 2011): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2010.10.073.

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11

Anderson, Hebert. "After the Diagnosis: An Operational Theology for the Terminally Ill." Journal of Pastoral Care 43, no. 2 (June 1989): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234098904300207.

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Concludes from clinical vignettes that seriously ill persons utilize images drawn from personal, idiosyncratic operational theologies as much as they do from official religious teachings. Illustrates this thesis by analyzing societal images of death and by exploring notions of waiting activities, remembering gratefully, hoping realistically, and trusting courageously.

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12

Benzon, Hans-Henrik, Xiao Chen, Lewis Belcher, Oscar Castro, Kim Branner, and Jesper Smit. "An Operational Image-Based Digital Twin for Large-Scale Structures." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073216.

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This study presents a novel methodology to create an operational Digital Twin for large-scale structures based on drone inspection images. The Digital Twin is primarily used as a virtualized representation of the structure, which will be updated according to physical changes during the life cycle of the structure. The methodology is demonstrated on a wind turbine transition piece. A three-dimensional geometry reconstruction of a transition piece as manufactured is created using a large number (>500) of RGB images collected from a drone and/or several LiDAR scans. Comparing the reconstruction to the original design will locate and quantify geometric deviations and production tolerances. An artificial intelligence algorithm is used to detect and classify paint defects/damages from images. The detected and classified paint defects/damages are subsequently digitalized and mapped to the three-dimensional geometric reconstruction of the structure. These developed functionalities allow the Digital Twin of the structure to be updated with manufacturing-induced geometric deviations and paint defects/damages using inspection images at regular time intervals. The key enabling technologies to realize the Digital Twin are presented in this study. The proposed methodology can be used in different industrial sectors, such as the wind energy, oil, and gas industries, aerospace, the marine and transport sector, and other large infrastructures.

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13

Zodiatis, G., R. Lardner, D. Solovyov, X. Panayidou, and M. De Dominicis. "Predictions for oil slicks detected from satellite images using MyOcean forecasting data." Ocean Science 8, no. 6 (December 18, 2012): 1105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-8-1105-2012.

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Abstract. The pan-European capacity for the Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting (MyOcean) Marine Core Service, implementing the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) objectives, targets the provision of ocean state observations from various platforms and analysis and forecasting products to assist, among other downscaling activities, the needs of the operational response to marine safety, particularly concerning oil spills. The MEDSLIK oil spill and trajectory prediction system makes use of the MyOcean regional and Cyprus Coastal Ocean Forecasting and Observing System (CYCOFOS) downscaled forecasting products for operational application in the Mediterranean and pre-operational use in the Black Sea. Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) satellite remote sensing images from the European Space Agency (ESA) and European Maritime Safety Agency CleanSeaNet (EMSA-CSN) provide the means for routine monitoring of the southern European seas for the detection of illegal oil discharges. MEDSLIK offers various ways, to be described in this paper, of coupling the MyOcean forecasting data with ASAR images to provide both forecasts and hindcasts for such remotely observed oil slicks. The main concern will be the drift of the oil slick and also, in the case of the forecast mode, its diffusive spreading, although some attempt is also made to estimate the changes in the state of the oil. The successful link of the satellite-detected oil slicks with their operational predictions using the MyOcean products contributes to the operational response chain and the strengthening of maritime safety for accidental or illegal spills, in implementation of the Mediterranean Decision Support System for Marine Safety (MEDESS-4MS) regarding oil spills.

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Zodiatis, G., R. Lardner, D. Solovyov, X. Panayidou, and M. De Dominicis. "Predictions for oil slicks detected from satellite images using MyOcean forecasting data." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 3 (May 9, 2012): 1973–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-1973-2012.

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Abstract. The MyOcean marine core service, implementing the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) objectives, targets the provision of ocean state data from various platforms to assist, among other downscaled activities, the needs of the operational response to marine safety, particularly concerning oil spills. The MEDSLIK oil spill and trajectory prediction system makes use of the MyOcean regional and Cyprus Coastal Ocean Forecasting and Observing System (CYCOFOS) downscaled forecasting products for operational application in the Mediterranean and pre-operational use in the Black Sea. Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) satellite remote-sensing images from European Space Agency (ESA) and European Maritime Safety Agency – CleanSeaNet (EMSA-CSN) provide the means for routine monitoring of the southern European seas for the detection of illegal oil discharges. MEDSLIK offers various ways, to be described in this paper, of coupling the Pan-European capacity for Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting (MyOcean) forecasting data with ASAR imageries to provide both forecasts and hindcasts for such remotely-observed oil slicks. The main concern will be the drift of the oil slick and also, in the case of the forecast mode, its diffusive spreading, although some attempt is also made to estimate the changes in the state of the oil. The successful link of the satellite-detected oil slicks with their operational predictions using the MyOcean products contributes to the operational response chain and the strengthening of maritime safety for accidental or illegal spills, in implementation of a Mediterranean decision support system for marine safety regarding oil spills.

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15

Gao, Lian-Ru, Bing Zhang, Xia Zhang, Wen-Juan Zhang, and Qing-Xi Tong. "A New Operational Method for Estimating Noise in Hyperspectral Images." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 5, no. 1 (January 2008): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2007.909927.

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Godinho Cassol, Henrique Luis, Egidio Arai, Edson Eyji Sano, Andeise Cerqueira Dutra, Tânia Beatriz Hoffmann, and Yosio Edemir Shimabukuro. "Maximum Fraction Images Derived from Year-Based Project for On-Board Autonomy-Vegetation (PROBA-V) Data for the Rapid Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Areas in Mato Grosso State, Brazil." Land 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9050139.

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This paper presents a new approach for rapidly assessing the extent of land use and land cover (LULC) areas in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The novel idea is the use of an annual time series of fraction images derived from the linear spectral mixing model (LSMM) instead of original bands. The LSMM was applied to the Project for On-Board Autonomy-Vegetation (PROBA-V) 100-m data composites from 2015 (~73 scenes/year, cloud-free images, in theory), generating vegetation, soil, and shade fraction images. These fraction images highlight the LULC components inside the pixels. The other new idea is to reduce these time series to only six single bands representing the maximum and standard deviation values of these fraction images in an annual composite, reducing the volume of data to classify the main LULC classes. The whole image classification process was conducted in the Google Earth Engine platform using the pixel-based random forest algorithm. A set of 622 samples of each LULC class was collected by visual inspection of PROBA-V and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images and divided into training and validation datasets. The performance of the method was evaluated by the overall accuracy and confusion matrix. The overall accuracy was 92.4%, with the lowest misclassification found for cropland and forestland (<9% error). The same validation data set showed 88% agreement with the LULC map made available by the Landsat-based MapBiomas project. This proposed method has the potential to be used operationally to accurately map the main LULC areas and to rapidly use the PROBA-V dataset at regional or national levels.

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Wang, Jianhui. "Satellite Observations of Karman Vortex Streets Induced by Islands from the Aspects of SSC in Hangzhou Bay, China." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2242/1/012030.

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Abstract We explored the details of Karman vortex streets (KVS) induced by islands in the Hangzhou Bay using high resolution Chinese Gaofen-1 data and Landsat-8 data. Thirty images, including 15 images obtained by Wide-Field-View (WFV) sensor from Chinese Gaofen-1 and 15 images obtained by Operational Land Imager (OLI) aboard Landsat-8, were applied to retrieve Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) based on a prior model. The results show that: 1) The Karman vortex streets induced by small islands can be detected clearly by high resolution satellite data from the change of SSC. 2) The Karman vortex streets contain 3-5 subunits, and the further away from the island, the larger the scale of vortex streets. Generally, the length of the vortex street is between 1500 m and 9800 m.

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Park, Jeong-Won, Anton Andreevich Korosov, Mohamed Babiker, Joong-Sun Won, Morten Wergeland Hansen, and Hyun-Cheol Kim. "Classification of sea ice types in Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images." Cryosphere 14, no. 8 (August 20, 2020): 2629–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2629-2020.

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Abstract. A new Sentinel-1 image-based sea ice classification algorithm using a machine-learning-based model trained in a semi-automated manner is proposed to support daily ice charting. Previous studies mostly rely on manual work in selecting training and validation data. We show that the readily available ice charts from the operational ice services can reduce the amount of manual work in preparation of large amounts of training/testing data. Furthermore, they can feed highly reliable data to the trainer by indirectly exploiting the best ability of the sea ice experts working at the operational ice services. The proposed scheme has two phases: training and operational. Both phases start from the removal of thermal, scalloping, and textural noise from Sentinel-1 data and calculation of grey level co-occurrence matrix and Haralick texture features in a sliding window. In the training phase, the weekly ice charts are reprojected into the SAR image geometry. A random forest classifier is trained with the texture features on input and labels from the rasterized ice charts on output. Then, the trained classifier is directly applied to the texture features from Sentinel-1 images operationally. Test results from the two datasets spanning winter (January–March) and summer (June–August) seasons acquired over the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea showed that the classifier is capable of retrieving three generalized cover types (open water, mixed first-year ice, old ice) with overall accuracies of 87 % and 67 % in winter and summer seasons, respectively. For the summer season, the classifier failed in distinguishing mixed first-year ice from old ice with accuracy of only 12 %; however, it performed rather like an ice–water discriminator with high accuracy of 98 % as the misclassification between the mixed first-year ice and old ice was between them. The accuracy for five cover types (open water, new ice, young ice, first-year ice, old ice) in the winter season was 60 %. The errors are attributed both to incorrect manual classification on the ice charts and to the semi-automated algorithm. Finally, we demonstrate the potential for near-real-time service of the ice map using daily mosaicked Sentinel-1 images.

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Andriolo, Umberto, Elena Sánchez-García, and Rui Taborda. "Operational Use of Surfcam Online Streaming Images for Coastal Morphodynamic Studies." Remote Sensing 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11010078.

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Coastal video monitoring has been proven to be a valuable shore-based remote-sensing technique to study coastal processes, as it offers the possibility of high-frequency, continuous and autonomous observations of the coastal area. However, the installation of a video systems infrastructure requires economical and technical efforts, along with being often limited by logistical constraints. This study presents methodological approaches to exploit “surfcam” internet streamed images for quantitative scientific studies. Two different methodologies to collect the required ground control points (GCPs), both during fieldwork and using web tools freely available are presented, in order to establish a rigorous geometric connection between terrestrial and image spaces. The application of an image projector tool allowed the estimation of the unknown camera parameters necessary to georectify the online streamed images. Three photogrammetric procedures are shown, distinct both in the design of the computational steps and in number of GCPs available to solve the spatial resection system. Results showed the feasibility of the methodologies to generate accurate rectified planar images, with the best horizontal projection accuracy of 1.3 m compatible with that required for a quantitative analysis of coastal processes. The presented methodologies can turn “surfcam” infrastructures and any online streaming beach cam, into fully remote shore-based observational systems, fostering the use of these freely available images for the study of nearshore morphodynamics.

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Ogashawara, Igor, Lin Li, and Max Jacobo Moreno-Madriñán. "Slope algorithm to map algal blooms in inland waters for Landsat 8/Operational Land Imager images." Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jrs.11.012005.

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Mozgovoy, Dmytro. "Operational satellite monitoring vegetation and water objects in the territory of cities." Ukrainian journal of remote sensing, no. 17 (June 27, 2018): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2018.17.123.

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A technique for the operational monitoring of vegetation and water objects in the territory of cities by satellite images of ultrahigh spatial resolution of the visible and IR ranges is proposed. In the process of processing multispectral images from the satellite DubaiSat-2, vector layers of recognized vegetation and water objects were obtained. The analysis of the results of the automated processing of satellite images showed a sufficiently high accuracy of distinguishing the boundaries of recognized objects and a good separation of classes. The developed methodology allows to significantly increase the efficiency and reliability of updating maps of large cities while reducing financial costs. Due to the high degree of automation, the proposed methodology can be implemented in the form of a geoinformation web service, functioning in the interests of a wide range of users.

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Awaludin, Iwan, Trisna Gelar, Muhammad Rizqi Sholahuddin, Gina Melinia, Irvan Kadhafi, and Rezky Wahyuda Sitepu. "Dataset Citra Papan Sirkuit Tercetak dengan Komponen yang Terbakar." Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bits.v3i3.1025.

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The application of artificial intelligence, especially in the automatic optical inspection of printed circuit boards or PCBs, is increasingly being carried out by researchers. Unfortunately, the data used to train and test artificial intelligence models is synthetic data. Printed circuit boards in good condition are imaged and then changed by software to give the impression of defects. In addition, the type of damage is limited to pre-operation, namely when the PCB is not yet operational. After the PCB is operational, damage can occur, for example, burned components. Until now, there is no data set of PCB images with burned components. This study, therefore, explores data retrieval techniques that can produce the required data set. This data collection technique includes hardware setup and PCB data sources. Based on the exploration results, it is concluded that a trinocular digital microscope with high resolution can produce sharp PCB images. The obstacle that arises is the difficulty of getting PCBs with burned components. The solution was obtained by referring to the PCB repair video from the Youtube channel. Several data were collected and tested with EfficientDet with 90% mAP.

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Bin-Saad, Maged G., and Anvar Hasanov. "Linear Independent Solutions and Operational Representations for Hypergeometric Functions of Four Variables." Chinese Journal of Mathematics 2014 (June 15, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/273064.

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In investigation of boundary-value problems for certain partial differential equations arising in applied mathematics, we often need to study the solution of system of partial differential equations satisfied by hypergeometric functions and find explicit linearly independent solutions for the system. Here we choose the Exton function K2 among his 21 functions to show how to find the linearly independent solutions of partial differential equations satisfied by this function K2. Based upon the classical derivative and integral operators, we introduce a new operational images for hypergeometric function K2. By means of these operational images, a number of finite series and decomposition formulas are then found.

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Erena, Domínguez, Aguado, Soria, and García-Galiano. "Monitoring Coastal Lagoon Water Quality Through Remote Sensing: The Mar Menor as a Case Study." Water 11, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071468.

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The Mar Menor is a hypersaline coastal lagoon located in the southeast of Spain. This fragile ecosystem is suffering several human pressures, such as nutrient and sediment inputs from agriculture and other activities and decreases in salinity. Therefore, the development of an operational system to monitor its evolution is crucial to know the cause-effect relationships and preserve the natural system. The evolution and variability of the turbidity and chlorophyll-a levels in the Mar Menor water body were studied here through the joint use of remote sensing techniques and in situ data. The research was undertaken using Operational Land Imager (OLI) images on Landsat 8 and two SPOT images, because cloudy weather prevented the use of OLI images alone. This provided the information needed to perform a time series analysis of the lagoon. We also analyzed the processes that occur in the salt lagoon, characterizing the different spatio-temporal patterns of biophysical parameters. Special attention was given to the role of turbidity and chlorophyll-a levels in the Mar Menor ecosystem with regard to the programs of integral management of this natural space that receives maximum environmental protection. The objective of the work has been fulfilled by answering the questions of the managers: when did the water quality in the Mar Menor begin to change? What is happening in the lagoon? Is remote sensing useful for monitoring the water quality in the Mar Menor? The answers to these questions have allowed the generation of a methodology and monitoring system to track the water quality in the Mar Menor in real-time and space. The tracking system using satellite images is open to the incorporation of images provided by new multispectral sensors.

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Kustiyo. "DEVELOPMENT OF ANNUAL LANDSAT 8 COMPOSITE OVER CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA USING AUTOMATIC ALGORITHM TO MINIMIZE CLOUD." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 13, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2016.v13.a2714.

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Since January 2013, Landsat 8 data can be freely accessed from LAPAN, making it possible to use the all available Landsat 8 data to produce the cloud-free Landsat 8 composite images. This study used Landsat 8 archive images in 2015, Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor in 30 meter resolution, geometric correction level of L1T. The eight data in L1T of 118-062, southern part of Central Kalimantanwere used to produce a cloud-free composite image. Radiometric correction using Top of Atmosphere (TOA) and Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) algorithm to produce reflectance images have been applied, and then the most cloud-free pixels were selected in composite result. Six composite methods base on greens, open area and haze indices were compared, and the best one was selected using visual analysis. The analysis shows that the composite algorithm using Max (Max (NIR, SWIR1)/Green) produces the best image composite.

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26

Leitloff, Jens, Dominik Rosenbaum, Franz Kurz, Oliver Meynberg, and Peter Reinartz. "An Operational System for Estimating Road Traffic Information from Aerial Images." Remote Sensing 6, no. 11 (November 13, 2014): 11315–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs61111315.

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27

Minkov, Yaniv, and Tal Oron-Gilad. "Display type effects in military operational tasks using UAV video images." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 1 (October 2009): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905300116.

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28

Gao, Bo-Cai, and Rong-Rong Li. "Improving Water Leaving Reflectance Retrievals from ABI and AHI Data Acquired Over Case 2 Waters from Present Geostationary Weather Satellite Platforms." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 3257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193257.

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The current generation of geostationary weather satellite instruments, such as the Advanced Baseline Imagers (ABIs) on board the US NOAA GOES 16 and 17 satellites and the Advanced Himawari Imagers (AHIs) on board the Japanese Himawari-8/9 satellites, have six channels located in the visible to shortwave IR (SWIR) spectral range. These instruments can acquire images over both land and water surfaces at spatial resolutions between 0.5 and 2 km and with a repeating cycle between 5 and 30 min depending on the mode of operation. The imaging data from these instruments have clearly demonstrated the capability in detecting sediment movements over coastal waters and major chlorophyll blooms over deeper oceans. At present, no operational ocean color data products have been produced from ABI data. Ocean color data products have been operationally generated from AHI data at the Japan Space Agency, but the spatial coverage of the products over very turbid coastal waters are sometimes lacking. In this article, we describe atmospheric correction algorithms for retrieving water leaving reflectances from ABI and AHI data using spectrum-matching techniques. In order to estimate aerosol models and optical depths, we match simultaneously the satellite-measured top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectances on the pixel by pixel basis for three channels centered near 0.86, 1.61, and 2.25 μm (or any combinations of two channels among the three channels) with theoretically simulated TOA reflectances. We demonstrate that water leaving reflectance retrievals can be made from ABI and AHI data with our algorithms over turbid case two waters. Our spectrum-matching algorithms, if implemented onto operational computing facilities, can be complimentary to present operational ocean versions of atmospheric correction algorithms that are mostly developed based on the SeaWiFS type of two-band ratio algorithm.

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Wang, Jingjing, Xianzhi Ao, Yuming Wang, Chuanbing Wang, Yanxia Cai, Bingxian Luo, Siqing Liu, et al. "An operational solar wind prediction system transitioning fundamental science to operations." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 8 (2018): A39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2018025.

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We present in this paper an operational solar wind prediction system. The system is an outcome of the collaborative efforts between scientists in research communities and forecasters at Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) in China. This system is mainly composed of three modules: (1) a photospheric magnetic field extrapolation module, along with the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) empirical method, to obtain the background solar wind speed and the magnetic field strength on the source surface; (2) a modified Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry (HAF) kinematic module for simulating the propagation of solar wind structures in the interplanetary space; and (3) a coronal mass ejection (CME) detection module, which derives CME parameters using the ice-cream cone model based on coronagraph images. By bridging the gap between fundamental science and operational requirements, our system is finally capable of predicting solar wind conditions near Earth, especially the arrival times of the co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) and CMEs. Our test against historical solar wind data from 2007 to 2016 shows that the hit rate (HR) of the high-speed enhancements (HSEs) is 0.60 and the false alarm rate (FAR) is 0.30. The mean error (ME) and the mean absolute error (MAE) of the maximum speed for the same period are −73.9 km s−1 and 101.2 km s−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the ME and MAE of the arrival time of the maximum speed are 0.15 days and 1.27 days, respectively. There are 25 CMEs simulated and the MAE of the arrival time is 18.0 h.

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Barbieux, Kévin, Olivier Hautecoeur, Maurizio De Bartolomei, Manuel Carranza, and Régis Borde. "The Sentinel-3 SLSTR Atmospheric Motion Vectors Product at EUMETSAT." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091702.

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Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) are an important input to many Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. EUMETSAT derives AMVs from several of its orbiting satellites, including the geostationary satellites (Meteosat), and its Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The algorithm extracting the AMVs uses pairs or triplets of images, and tracks the motion of clouds or water vapour features from one image to another. Currently, EUMETSAT LEO satellite AMVs are retrieved from georeferenced images from the Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the Metop satellites. EUMETSAT is currently preparing the operational release of an AMV product from the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) on board the Sentinel-3 satellites. The main innovation in the processing, compared with AVHRR AMVs, lies in the co-registration of pairs of images: the images are first projected on an equal-area grid, before applying the AMV extraction algorithm. This approach has multiple advantages. First, individual pixels represent areas of equal sizes, which is crucial to ensure that the tracking is consistent throughout the processed image, and from one image to another. Second, this allows features that would otherwise leave the frame of the reference image to be tracked, thereby allowing more AMVs to be derived. Third, the same framework could be used for every LEO satellite, allowing an overall consistency of EUMETSAT AMV products. In this work, we present the results of this method for SLSTR by comparing the AMVs to the forecast model. We validate our results against AMVs currently derived from AVHRR and the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI). The release of the operational SLSTR AMV product is expected in 2022.

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Parcharidis, Is, E. Lagios, and V. Sakkas. "DIFFERENTIAL INTERFEROMETRY AS A TOOL OF AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN REDUCING THE VOLCANO RISK: THE CASE OF NISYROS VOLCANO." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16841.

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In this study an attempt to evaluate the possibility to use the interferometric (InSAR) technique as an operational tool in an early warning system concerning the volcanic hazard, is presented. The InSAR techniques was appied in Nisyros volcanic island which during 1996-1998 show an intensive seismic unrest. Two interferometric images were created covering the period before the seismic activity (1995-1996). In the two interferometric images fringe patterns of deformation were recognized related to the ground deformation occured before the seismic unrest period. The operational capabilities of the technique is mainly restricted by the low repetitevily of the image aquisitions and the parameters to take in consideration like perpendicular baseline, atmospheric conditions etc

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De Kerf, Thomas, Jona Gladines, Seppe Sels, and Steve Vanlanduit. "Oil Spill Detection Using Machine Learning and Infrared Images." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 4090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244090.

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The detection of oil spills in water is a frequently researched area, but most of the research has been based on very large patches of crude oil on offshore areas. We present a novel framework for detecting oil spills inside a port environment, while using unmanned areal vehicles (UAV) and a thermal infrared (IR) camera. This framework is split into a training part and an operational part. In the training part, we present a process for automatically annotating RGB images and matching them with the IR images in order to create a dataset. The infrared imaging camera is crucial to be able to detect oil spills during nighttime. This dataset is then used to train on a convolutional neural network (CNN). Seven different CNN segmentation architectures and eight different feature extractors are tested in order to find the best suited combination for this task. In the operational part, we propose a method to have a real-time, onboard UAV oil spill detection using the pre-trained network and a low power interference device. A controlled experiment in the port of Antwerp showed that we are able to achieve an accuracy of 89% while only using the IR camera.

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33

Will, Lucy, Ellis A. Avallone, and Xudong Sun. "The Dependence of Solar Flare Magnitude on sunspot Area During Activity Cycle 24." Research Notes of the AAS 6, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/ac573b.

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Abstract We measure the sunspot areas of activity cycle 24 using ten years of continuum images from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, and compare them with the peak flare soft X-ray flux from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. We find that the sunspot area in our sample is positively correlated with the magnitude of the largest flare they produce. Complex spot groups with βγδ magnetic classification tend to be larger and more likely to produce intense flares. Our findings are qualitatively consistent with previous studies.

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Kulkarni, Rushikesh, Kanchan Khare, and Humera Khanum. "Detecting, extracting, and mapping of inland surface water using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager: A case study of Pune district, India." F1000Research 11 (July 11, 2022): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.121740.1.

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Background: Recent developments in optical satellite remote sensing have led to a new era in the detection of surface water with its changing dynamics. This study presents the creation of surface water inventory for a part of Pune district (an administrative area), in India using the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and a multi spectral water indices method. Methods: A total of 13 Landsat 8 OLI cloud free images were analyzed for surface water detection. Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) spectral index method was employed to enhance the water pixels in the image. Water and non-water areas in the map were discriminated using the threshold slicing method with a trial and error approach. The accuracy analysis based on kappa coefficient and percentage of the correctly classified pixels was presented by comparing MNDWI maps with corresponding Joint Research Centre (JRC) Global Surface Water Explorer (GSWE) images. The changes in the surface area of eight freshwater reservoirs within the study area (Bhama Askhed, Bhatghar, Chaskaman, Khadakwasala, Mulashi, Panshet, Shivrata, and Varasgaon) for the year 2016 were analyzed and compared to GSWE time series water databases for accuracy assessment. The annual water occurrence map with percentage water occurrence on a yearly basis was also prepared. Results: The kappa coefficient agreement between MNDWI images and GSWE images is in the range of 0.56 to 0.96 with an average agreement of 0.82 indicating a strong level of agreement. Conclusions: MNDWI is easy to implement and is a sufficiently accurate method to separate water bodies from satellite images. The accuracy of the result depends on the clarity of image and selection of an optimum threshold method. The resulting accuracy and performance of the proposed algorithm will improve with implementation of automatic threshold selection methods and comparative studies for other spectral indices methods.

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Lavanya, L., Chebrolu Ujwala Pavani, Gadchanda Vineeth, and Borada Lavanya. "Operational Multi-Modal Distance Metric Learning to Image Reclamation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.32 (May 31, 2018): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.15725.

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Distance learning is an eminent technique that improves the search for images based on content. Although widely studied, most DML approaches generally recognize a modalization training framework that teaches a metric distance or a combination of distances in which several types of characteristics are simply interconnected. DML methods of that type suffer some critical limitations (a) Some feature types can significantly overwhelm others with the DML assignment, due to different attributes, and (b) the distance learning standard in the combined metric properties can be consumed using the feature attribute approach combined. In this article we refer to these the restrictions are reviewed online- multimodal distance metric training scheme (OMDML), which explores a dual duplication online learning scheme. (c) learn to optimize the distance metric in each owner space separately; and (d) learn find the optimal combination of different types of characteristics. To overestimate the cost of DML in sophisticated areas, we offer a low level OMDML algorithm that not only reduces estimated costs, but also guarantees high accuracy. We are here carried out exhaustive experiments to estimate the performance of the algorithms proposed for the restoration of multimedia images.

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36

Li, Zhenxuan, Wenzhong Shi, Yongchao Zhu, Hua Zhang, Ming Hao, and Liping Cai. "Subpixel Change Detection Based on Radial Basis Function with Abundance Image Difference Measure for Remote Sensing Images." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050868.

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Recently, land cover change detection has become a research focus of remote sensing. To obtain the change information from remote sensing images at fine spatial and temporal resolutions, subpixel change detection is widely studied and applied. In this paper, a new subpixel change detection method based on radial basis function (RBF) for remote sensing images is proposed, in which the abundance image difference measure (AIDM) is designed and utilized to enhance the subpixel mapping (SPM) by borrowing the fine spatial distribution of the fine spatial resolution image to decrease the influence of the spectral unmixing error. First, the fine and coarse spatial resolution images are used to develop subpixel change detection. Second, linear spectral mixing modeling and the degradation procedure are conducted on the coarse and fine spatial resolution image to produce two temporal abundance images, respectively. Then, the designed AIDM is utilized to enhance the RBF-based SPM by comparing the two temporal abundance images. At last, the proposed RBF-AIDM method is applied for SPM and subpixel change detection. The synthetic images based on Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and real case images based on two temporal Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images and one Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image are undertaken to validate the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can sufficiently decrease the influence of the spectral unmixing error and improve the subpixel change detection results.

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37

Debut, Alexis, Karla Vizuete, Katherine Pazmiño, Janyna Calderón, Camila Gallegos, and Vanessa Gaona. "Effect of Visual Cognition on the Measurement of Particle Size Using ImageJ Software." Current Materials Science 14, no. 2 (August 12, 2021): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666145414666210421080113.

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Background: Nanoparticles are structures up to 100 nm in size. Estimation of their size is usually determined by assessing of images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and/or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Studies on the effect of visual cognition on the analysis of these types of images are limited. Objective: The aim of the research was to determine whether students’ visual cognition influences the identification, analysis, and measurement of nanoparticle size through SEM and TEM imaging using ImageJ software. Methods: The visual cognition of each participant was evaluated by recognizing individual nanoparticles and measuring their diameter using ImageJ software. Finally, the Kruskal Wallis test was performed for statistical analysis. Results: Participants applied or not four main identification criteria in order to identify individual nanoparticles: shape, high contrast, defined edges, and presence/absence of agglomerates, being “shape” the predominant parameter taken into account to measure the diameter using ImageJ. Average diameters, number of measured nanoparticles, and standard errors of measurements varied between groups in all analyzed images, evidencing the influence of visual cognition on the measurements. Conclusion: We conclude that there is an effect of visual cognition in the identification of nanoparticles and their diameter estimation. The user’s training, background, experience, perspective, and operational conditions of SEM/TEM play a fundamental role in estimating the size of nanoparticles measured in microphotographs using ImageJ.

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Giacomantone, Javier, María Lucía Violini, and Luciano Lorenti. "Background Subtraction for Time of Flight Imaging." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 17, no. 02 (October 1, 2017): e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16666038.17.e18.

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A time of flight camera provides two types of images simultaneously, depth and intensity. In this paper a computational method for background subtraction, combining both images or fast sequences of images, is proposed. The background model is based on unbalanced or semi-supervised classifiers, in particular support vector machines. A brief review of one class support vector machines is first given. A method that combines the range and intensity data in two operational modes is then provided. Finally, experimental results are presented and discussed.

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Silva, Bernardo B. da, Alexandra C. Braga, Célia C. Braga, Leidjane M. M. de Oliveira, Suzana M. G. L. Montenegro, and Bernardo Barbosa Junior. "Procedures for calculation of the albedo with OLI-Landsat 8 images: Application to the Brazilian semi-arid." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 1 (January 2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n1p3-8.

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ABSTRACT The surface albedo plays an important role in the exchanges of energy and mass in the planetary boundary layer. Therefore, changes in albedo affect the balance of radiation and energy at the surface, which can be detected with its monitoring. Albedo determination has been performed through various sensors, but there is not yet any publication dealing with albedo calculation procedures using OLI (Operational Land Imager) - Landsat 8 images. The objective of the study is to present the procedures for computing the albedo with OLI images and map it in irrigated areas of the São Gonçalo Irrigated District, PB, Brazil. Images of the year 2013, path 215 and row 65, were selected. The data necessary for calculating the albedo were extracted from each image metadata: additive and multiplicative terms of radiance and reflectance, and sun elevation angle. There were large differences between the albedo values of irrigated plots, water bodies and native vegetation. The albedo obtained with OLI images provides a higher degree of differentiation of the various types of land use, due to the substantial increase in the radiometric resolution of this new sensor.

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40

He, Yuhong, Jian Yang, John Caspersen, and Trevor Jones. "An Operational Workflow of Deciduous-Dominated Forest Species Classification: Crown Delineation, Gap Elimination, and Object-Based Classification." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182078.

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Recent advances in remote sensing technology provide sufficient spatial detail to achieve species-level classification over large vegetative ecosystems. In deciduous-dominated forests, however, as tree species diversity and forest structural diversity increase, the frequency of spectral overlap between species also increases and our ability to classify tree species significantly decreases. This study proposes an operational workflow of individual tree-based species classification for a temperate, mixed deciduous forest using three-seasonal WorldView images, involving three steps of individual tree crown (ITC) delineation, non-forest gap elimination, and object-based classification. The process of species classification started with ITC delineation using the spectral angle segmentation algorithm, followed by object-based random forest classifications. A total of 672 trees was located along three triangular transects for training and validation. For single-season images, the late-spring, mid-summer, and early-fall images achieve the overall accuracies of 0.46, 0.42, and 0.35, respectively. Combining the spectral information of the early-spring, mid-summer, and early-fall images increases the overall accuracy of classification to 0.79. However, further adding the late-fall image to separate deciduous and coniferous trees as an extra step was not successful. Compared to traditional four-band (Blue, Green, Red, Near-Infrared) images, the four additional bands of WorldView images (i.e., Coastal, Yellow, Red Edge, and Near-Infrared2) contribute to the species classification greatly (OA: 0.79 vs. 0.53). This study gains insights into the contribution of the additional spectral bands and multi-seasonal images to distinguishing species with seemingly high degrees of spectral overlap.

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41

Zakhvatkina, Natalia, Anton Korosov, Stefan Muckenhuber, Stein Sandven, and Mohamed Babiker. "Operational algorithm for ice–water classification on dual-polarized RADARSAT-2 images." Cryosphere 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-33-2017.

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Abstract. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from RADARSAT-2 (RS2) in dual-polarization mode provide additional information for discriminating sea ice and open water compared to single-polarization data. We have developed an automatic algorithm based on dual-polarized RS2 SAR images to distinguish open water (rough and calm) and sea ice. Several technical issues inherent in RS2 data were solved in the pre-processing stage, including thermal noise reduction in HV polarization and correction of angular backscatter dependency in HH polarization. Texture features were explored and used in addition to supervised image classification based on the support vector machines (SVM) approach. The study was conducted in the ice-covered area between Greenland and Franz Josef Land. The algorithm has been trained using 24 RS2 scenes acquired in winter months in 2011 and 2012, and the results were validated against manually derived ice charts of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. The algorithm was applied on a total of 2705 RS2 scenes obtained from 2013 to 2015, and the validation results showed that the average classification accuracy was 91 ± 4 %.

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42

Martin-Herrero, Julio. "Comments on “A New Operational Method for Estimating Noise in Hyperspectral Images”." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 5, no. 4 (October 2008): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2008.2004214.

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43

Sipelgas, Liis, Urmas Raudsepp, and Tarmo Kõuts. "Operational monitoring of suspended matter distribution using MODIS images and numerical modelling." Advances in Space Research 38, no. 10 (January 2006): 2182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2006.03.011.

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44

Ruf, M. J., and J. W. Modestino. "Operational rate-distortion performance for joint source and channel coding of images." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 8, no. 3 (March 1999): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/83.748887.

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45

Thompson, Patrick W. "Images of rate and operational understanding of the fundamental theorem of calculus." Educational Studies in Mathematics 26, no. 2-3 (March 1994): 229–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01273664.

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Ellrod, Gary P., and Andrew A. Bailey. "Assessment of Aircraft Icing Potential and Maximum Icing Altitude from Geostationary Meteorological Satellite Data." Weather and Forecasting 22, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf984.1.

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Abstract A satellite product that displays regions of aircraft icing potential, along with corresponding cloud-top heights, has been developed using data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager and sounder. The icing product, referred to as the Icing Enhanced Cloud-top Altitude Product (ICECAP), is created hourly for the continental United States and southern Canada, and is color coded to show cloud-top altitudes in 1.9-km (6000 ft) intervals. Experimental ICECAP images became routinely available on the Internet during the spring of 2004. Verification of separate ICECAP components (imager icing potential and sounder cloud-top heights) using aircraft pilot reports (PIREPs) indicates that the product provides useful guidance on the spatial coverage and maximum altitude of current icing conditions, but not icing intensity, stratification, or minimum altitude. The imager icing potential component of ICECAP was compared with the operational 40-km resolution National Weather Service (NWS) current icing potential and NWS Airman’s Meteorological Advisories via the NOAA Real-Time Verification System, while GOES cloud-top heights were compared with altitudes of moderate or greater icing from PIREPs. Benefits and deficiencies of the GOES icing product are discussed.

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Sampson, Tony D., and Jussi Parikka. "The Operational Loops of a Pandemic." Cultural Politics 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-8797529.

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Abstract This article analyzes the visual operations of contagions and their material aftereffects. Data visualizations and diagrams have played a key role in the visual culture of the contagion, and this article explores especially two recurring themes: curves and simulations. The article addresses the data diagrams that describe and predict, advise and control actions during the pandemic. The authors argue that these curves and simulations are also crucial epistemic and aesthetic occurrences that produce the long tale of the epidemic as it pertains to a variety of actions from policy making to affective responses. Furthermore, the text investigates the theme of the operational loop to help us grasp statistical curves and simulations as part of a multiscalar logic of the epidemic image and to discuss the temporal modalities of these various images and diagrams. The article also includes David Benqué’s speculative diagrams of contagion loops that present an artistic response to the theoretical theme.

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Jupp, DLB, JTO Kirk, and GP Harris. "Detection, identification and mapping of cyanobacteria — Using remote sensing to measure the optical quality of turbid inland waters." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 5 (1994): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940801.

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The advantages of airborne scanning for the detection, identification and mapping of algal species, cyanobacteria and associated water parameters (such as turbidity) can be realized if current research outcomes are developed into operational methods based on images with high spectral resolution. Evidence for this has become available through data obtained recently in Australia from the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager. This paper shows how pigments associated with cyanobacteria are detectable, even in the very turbid waters typical of eastern Australia. It demonstrates how, if the waterbodies and their constituents can be characterized by a programme of field and laboratory measurement, current processing techniques and models allow the concentrations of different constituents (algae and particles) in the photic zone to be estimated and mapped. The challenge for operational remote sensing of optical water quality in Australia (and throughout the world) is seen to have two components. One is to provide an effective characterization of the target inland and adjacent coastal waters and the other is to streamline the data analysis to provide maps of water properties in the time and cost frameworks required for operational use.

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Gowravaram, Saket, Haiyang Chao, Andrew Molthan, Tiebiao Zhao, Pengzhi Tian, Harold Flanagan, Lori Schultz, and Jordan Bell. "Spectral Reflectance Estimation of UAS Multispectral Imagery Using Satellite Cross-Calibration Method." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 87, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.20-00091r2.

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This paper introduces a satellite-based cross-calibration (SCC) method for spectral reflectance estimation of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) multispectral imagery. The SCC method provides a low-cost and feasible solution to convert high-resolution UAS images in digital numbers (DN) to reflectance when satellite data is available. The proposed method is evaluated using a multispectral data set, including orthorectified KHawk UAS DN imagery and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager Level-2 surface reflectance (SR) data over a forest/grassland area. The estimated UAS reflectance images are compared with the National Ecological Observatory Network's imaging spectrometer (NIS) SR data for validation. The UAS reflectance showed high similarities with the NIS data for the near-infrared and red bands with Pearson's r values being 97 and 95.74, and root-mean-square errors being 0.0239 and 0.0096 over a 32-subplot hayfield.

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Schreurs, Jan. "Communicating quality: words and images." Architectural Research Quarterly 11, no. 3-4 (December 2007): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500000828.

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Анотація:

Enhancing the urban ‘quality of life’ has become a major task for actors in the public realm. The now ‘undisputed objective’ of ‘sustainable city development’ is meaningless unless we can turn our cities, towns and urban neighbourhoods into places where people actively want to live, work and play. The spatial quality of neighbourhoods is crucial in this respect. Besides housing typology and access, ‘quality of life’ is primarily defined by the nature of available open space. Public space is one of the most important and strategic instruments of local government. Thus a basic issue for those in planning practice is how to help realise public spaces which contribute to the appropriate level of quality. Although much progress has been made to assess quality of life at the larger level of scale, for example that of a city or a region, much less progress has been made at a smaller and more concrete area level. More than 25 years after Kevin Lynch's opus magnum Good City Form, an operational approach on the level of urban design is still much in need.

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