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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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1

ANDREESCU, Prof Cristina Veronica. "ONLINE EDUCATION - PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." Pro Edu. International Journal of Educational Sciences 3, no. 4 (January 27, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/peijes.2021.4.3.49-61.

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The online platforms have been in a continuous development since the beginning of their appearance, being classified according to the field of activity. This article discusses some features of the online educational platforms, that serve the distance learning adopted during this pandemic period by the majority of nations on the planet, to continue the educational progress, at all levels of learning. The article is intended exclusively for the platforms used at the pre-university level of education and illustrates theoretical notions about them, represented by typologies, characteristics, and the features that platforms have been applying. The online platforms, as any other software device, possess advantages and also limitations of the available functions, and this article illustrates their approach in the context of the formative type of assessments, as well as of the summative ones. The effects of using these platforms are highlighted by using the questionnaire survey. This has the final aim to identify the perceptions of the respondents on the use of the online educational platforms for conveying the school information and also to identify the psycho-social aspects that this approach entails. At the end of the article the results of students' attendance at the online courses are presented, results that were collected based on the monitoring study conducted on a sample of students.

2

Chrobak, Marek. "Online aggregation problems." ACM SIGACT News 45, no. 1 (March 17, 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2596583.2596603.

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3

Downey, Rodney G., and Catherine McCartin. "Online promise problems with online width metrics." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 73, no. 1 (February 2007): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2006.08.002.

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4

Cherednichenko, Maria, Ekaterina Efimova, and Viktor Krasnitskiy. "Online stores taxation problems." Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University 1, no. 63 (2016): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1999-1703-63-47-52.

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5

Abler, Barbara M. "Analytical problems — online solutions☆." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 6, no. 3 (March 1987): IV—IX. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(87)87017-6.

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6

NISTOR, Denisa-Georgiana, and Ioana STĂNCESCU. "ONLINE SCHOOL BETWEEN PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. THE STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE." Pro Edu. International Journal of Educational Sciences 4, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/peijes.2022.7.4.28-45.

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The pandemic situation brought significant changes regarding the teaching activities, led to the emergency transition to the online system and with it, multiple challenges, both for teachers and students.The students, the main beneficiaries of the online lectures and seminar activities, understood that they have a greater responsibility in learning than before they had and that if they are not fully involved in teaching activities, they will not be able to achieve the desired results. In this context, we considered it necessary to identify and analyze the students' perspective in relation to their experience related to the online school. Thus, a micro-research was carried out, the purpose of which is to analyze the students' opinions regarding the lectures, respectively the online seminars during the pandemic, related to the following aspects: the vertical and horizontal educational relations; the teaching strategies used during classes, the seminars; the students 'access to support materials, the emotional feelings and students' motivation, the difficulties encountered during the period in which the lectures and seminars took place online. The main research method was the questionnaire survey. The target group consisted of students from Valahia University of Târgoviște, Faculty of Political Sciences, Letters and Communication, from all years of study, undergraduate and master's degree programs. The results show that students are aware of both the limits of online teaching activities (stress, numerous tasks and homework, connection issues, etc.), but also their benefits (quick and easy access to information resources, development of digital skills, participation in teaching activities from the comfort of your own home, etc.).

7

Bampis, Evripidis, Bruno Escoffier, Kevin Schewior, and Alexandre Teiller. "Online Multistage Subset Maximization Problems." Algorithmica 83, no. 8 (May 25, 2021): 2374–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-021-00834-7.

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8

MARTYNENKO, ELENA. "SOME PROBLEMS OF ONLINE EDUCATION." World of academia: Culture, Education, no. 5 (July 7, 2021): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2658-6983-2021-5-85-89.

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9

Paolini, Christopher, Subrata Bhattacharjee, William F. Coleman, and Edward W. Fedosky. "Solving Chemical Equilibrium Problems Online." Journal of Chemical Education 87, no. 4 (April 2010): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed800134r.

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10

Bonifaci, Vincenzo, and Leen Stougie. "Online k-Server Routing Problems." Theory of Computing Systems 45, no. 3 (February 14, 2008): 470–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00224-008-9103-4.

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11

Boyar, Joan, Lene M. Favrholdt, Christian Kudahl, and Jesper W. Mikkelsen. "Weighted Online Problems with Advice." Theory of Computing Systems 62, no. 6 (September 19, 2017): 1443–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00224-017-9806-5.

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12

Ek, Alexander, Maria Garcia de la Banda, Andreas Schutt, Peter J. Stuckey, and Guido Tack. "Modelling and Solving Online Optimisation Problems." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 02 (April 3, 2020): 1477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5506.

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Many optimisation problems are of an online—also called dynamic—nature, where new information is expected to arrive and the problem must be resolved in an ongoing fashion to (a) improve or revise previous decisions and (b) take new ones. Typically, building an online decision-making system requires substantial ad-hoc coding to ensure the offline version of the optimisation problem is continually adjusted and resolved. This paper defines a general framework for automatically solving online optimisation problems. This is achieved by extending a model of the offline optimisation problem, from which an online version is automatically constructed, thus requiring no further modelling effort. In doing so, it formalises many of the aspects that arise in online optimisation problems. The same framework can be applied for automatically creating sliding-window solving approaches for problems that have a large time horizon. Experiments show we can automatically create efficient online and sliding-window solutions to optimisation problems.

13

Карасева, М. В. "Music Teacher Online: Problems and Solutions." Научный вестник Московской консерватории, no. 2(41) (June 19, 2020): 22–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26176/mosconsv.2020.41.2.002.

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В работе сделан социально-психологический анализ первого этапа перехода на онлайн-обучение в период пандемии COVID-19 весной 2020 года, дается оценка перспектив развития музыкального онлайн-образования с разных позиций. На основе изучения, отбора и апробации автором оптимальных для проведения онлайн-занятий устройств записи и передачи звука и видео сделан обзор основного оборудования и приемов работы с ним как для педагога, так и для ученика— с позиции нужд музыкального обучения и в пределах бюджетного ценового сегмента. Даны практические рекомендации, как организовать занятия в режиме онлайн по сольфеджио и другим предметам музыкально-теоретического цикла, а также некоторые общие советы относительно проведения занятий по музыкально-исполнительским дисциплинам. This paper contains a socio-psychological analysis of the first steps in e-learning during the COVID-19 virus pandemic in spring of 2020. An assessment of the prospects for the development of on-line music education from different perspectives is presented. Based on the author’s study and testing the recording and transmission devices the most convenient devices and software for musical e-classes have been chosen by the author. An overview of the basis equipment and methodology for working with them is made for the teacher as well as for the student from the standpoint of the music education needs and within the budget price segment. Recommendations on organizing solfeggio classes and other subjects of the musical-theoretical cycle are given, as well as some general tips on conducting classes in music performing disciplines.

14

Maqbulin, Arjunina. "Problems of Online Learning During Pandemic." Inovasi-Jurnal Diklat Keagamaan 15, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52048/inovasi.v15i1.205.

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Since the present of Corona virus, all aspects of human live are changed. This also happened in education field. Because of this pandemic, students have to do online learning. They can not go to school for the healthy problem reason. This research aimed to find the answer of two research questions. The first is about the students’ problem in having online learning during the pandemic, and the second is the students point of view about the platform used in online learning. The data were collected from the students of MAN 2 Nganjuk, academic year 2020/2021. The method of research used is qualitative. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. The result of this research revealed that the main problem faced by students in having online learning during the pandemic is in understanding the material, this problem is agreed by 59% of the respondent. Then, 23% of the respondent complained about many tasks that they have to finish. Further more 10% of the students think that they have problem in economy field about the quota. The next problem faced by the students of MAN 2 Nganjuk is about time, 6% of the respondents complain about this, and 2% of the participants complain about the way to send their task. The next result of this research is students point of view about the platform used in online learning. According to them the favorable platform to be used in online learning, the first is google classroom, this platform is loved by 52% of the respondents. Then, 39% of the respondents choose whatsapp, those are two most favorable platform loved by the students to be used in teaching learning process during the pandemic. In addition these two platforms are also the platforms that are mostly used by teachers in delivering the materials. For teaching learning process during the pandemic time, it is suggested that teachers give more motivation to the students so that they can become active learners and learn from any sources.

15

Babaioff, Moshe, Nicole Immorlica, David Kempe, and Robert Kleinberg. "Online auctions and generalized secretary problems." ACM SIGecom Exchanges 7, no. 2 (June 2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1399589.1399596.

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16

El-Yaniv, Ran. "Competitive solutions for online financial problems." ACM Computing Surveys 30, no. 1 (March 1998): 28–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/274440.274442.

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17

Almeida, Virgilio A. F. "Privacy Problems in the Online World." IEEE Internet Computing 16, no. 2 (March 2012): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mic.2012.36.

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18

Krupskaya, Juliana Vladimirovna, and Lidia Vladimirovna Sidorova. "Online educational process: problems and solutions." School and Industry, no. 7 (2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47639/0037-4024_2020_7_45.

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19

Han, Xin, Yasushi Kawase, and Kazuhisa Makino. "Randomized algorithms for online knapsack problems." Theoretical Computer Science 562 (January 2015): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2014.10.017.

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20

Kalai, Adam, and Santosh Vempala. "Efficient algorithms for online decision problems." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 71, no. 3 (October 2005): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2004.10.016.

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21

Jun-Li, Shao. "THE UPGRADING PROBLEMS OF ONLINE GAME." Far East Journal of Theoretical Statistics 51, no. 3 (February 11, 2016): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/fjtsnov2015_103_108.

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22

Fujiwara, Hiroshi, Kazuo Iwama, and Kouki Yonezawa. "Online chasing problems for regular polygons." Information Processing Letters 108, no. 3 (October 2008): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2008.03.025.

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23

K, Jansi Rani, Catherine R, and Saillaja V. "A Study on Problems Faced by the Customers in Online Shopping." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 09-SPECIAL ISSUE (September 25, 2019): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11/20192544.

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24

Simon A, Bifi. "Problems Faced by Students and Teachers during Online Classes in Chennai." Journal of Advanced Research in English and Education 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.4370.202203.

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25

Asha, Lukman. "Online Learning Problems and the Principal’s Efforts to Overcome the Problems." AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan 13, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 1247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i2.932.

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The spread of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) has brought various drastic changes to human life, one of which is the mode of learning that should be transformed into an online mode. However, the complexities of online learning leave some problems. Thus, this qualitative study aimed to investigate the online learning processes, problems, and the principal’s solutions at MA Muhammmadiyah Kampung Delima, Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu Province. The principal and five selected teachers were involved as the participants. The data were garnered from interviews and observations, and the data were further analyzed using an interactive model. The findings demonstrated that the school, in general, had implemented online learning processes based on the school and teachers’ existing and general competencies. However, there were some problems therein, including ineffective delivery of materials, inadequate technological facilities of students, students’ lack of discipline, and unstable internet networks. To overcome such problems, the principal arranged assistance from the government to benefit from online learning and actively encouraged teachers to establish communication with parents. As an implication, the curricular contents of teacher education in the Indonesian context should be more sensitive to the discourse of TPACK. Further studies are expected to work on the principal’s managerial role in online learning by involving the principles from various schools.

26

Avadhanula, Vashist, Andrea Celli, Riccardo Colini-Baldeschi, Stefano Leonardi, and Matteo Russo. "Fully Dynamic Online Selection through Online Contention Resolution Schemes." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 6 (June 26, 2023): 6693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i6.25821.

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We study fully dynamic online selection problems in an adversarial/stochastic setting that includes Bayesian online selection, prophet inequalities, posted price mechanisms, and stochastic probing problems subject to combinatorial constraints. In the classical ``incremental'' version of the problem, selected elements remain active until the end of the input sequence. On the other hand, in the fully dynamic version of the problem, elements stay active for a limited time interval, and then leave. This models, for example, the online matching of tasks to workers with task/worker-dependent working times, and sequential posted pricing of perishable goods. A successful approach to online selection problems in the adversarial setting is given by the notion of Online Contention Resolution Scheme (OCRS), that uses a priori information to formulate a linear relaxation of the underlying optimization problem, whose optimal fractional solution is rounded online for any adversarial order of the input sequence. Our main contribution is providing a general method for constructing an OCRS for fully dynamic online selection problems. Then, we show how to employ such OCRS to construct no-regret algorithms in a partial information model with semi-bandit feedback and adversarial inputs.

27

Vaidya, Rashesh. "Online Shopping in Nepal: Preferences and Problems." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v12i1.28184.

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The popularity of online shopping among Nepalese customers has increased with the cost-reduction of technology-based goods, the cost of internet services, and easy access to the internet. At the same time, the convenient modes of payments, and user-friendly, as well as, interactive shopping apps are further paving a pathway to unprecedented growth in the online shopping companies. The online shopping companies in Nepal have been seen following the Business to Consumer (B2C), Customer to Customer (C2C), or the ‘Facebook Store’ business model. The paper has taken 300 respondents, as a sample, who have at least twice shopping experiences, from a single online shopping company. The multiple-choice question, and open-end questions related to the preference, and problems faced were asked while going for online shopping in Nepal. In context to Nepal, time-saving, offers, easy ordering system and information available at the online shopping portal, were the main reasons for the shoppers, to prefer online shopping. The service quality provided by the online company, made the Nepalese customer, prefer online shopping. The quality of the product delivered to the customer was seen to be the major problem in Nepalese online shopping. The delivery of the wrong product was also seen one of the problems in online shopping in Nepal.

28

Dhanalakshmi, K., and I. Samuel Sundar Singh. "Online Shopper Faceing Problems in Nagercoil City." International Journal of Management Studies V, Special Issue 3 (August 31, 2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5is3/15.

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29

Zaluchyonova, O. M. "Online education: problems and prospects of development." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2020-1-3-276-279.

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The current situation with the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic has made adjustments to all aspects of society's life. The sphere of education, including higher and postgraduate education, has not escaped serious and forced transformations-in order to ensure the health of students at all levels of training, organizations of higher and postgraduate education, together with the Ministry of education and science, were forced to implement a universal and complete transition to the format of training using distance technologies. In this regard, certain issues arose with the compliance of the regulatory framework with the current conditions, opportunities and needs of educational organizations and regulatory authorities. Certain problems were identified with educational resources and tools, the readiness and competence of the teaching staff and administrative staff of higher and postgraduate education organizations, as well as public authorities in the field of education to work in a distance format, issues of academic integrity and dishonesty, the process of conducting current classes, intermediate and final certification, proctoring, as a control procedure for an online exam or testing. Some issues are the quality of classes, educational materials and resources used in remote educational technologies, the readiness of students and teaching staff to work in a remote (online and offline) format.

30

Wu, Min. "Research on online teaching problems and countermeasures." SHS Web of Conferences 140 (2022): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214001003.

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Through the online teaching survey of polytechnic, it is found that there are few mature high-quality online courses in polytechnic at this stage, teachers’ teaching ability and teaching methods cannot meet the teaching needs, and students’ learning initiative and enthusiasm are not high. In response to the above problems, it is proposed to use information technology to explore how to promote the reform of vocational education in the aspects of quality curriculum construction, teaching model innovation, assessment and evaluation methods, and new forms of integrated teaching materials.

31

Sumita, Hanna, Shinji Ito, Kei Takemura, Daisuke Hatano, Takuro Fukunaga, Naonori Kakimura, and Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi. "Online Task Assignment Problems with Reusable Resources." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 5 (June 28, 2022): 5199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i5.20455.

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We study online task assignment problem with reusable resources, motivated by practical applications such as ridesharing, crowdsourcing and job hiring. In the problem, we are given a set of offline vertices (agents), and, at each time, an online vertex (task) arrives randomly according to a known time-dependent distribution. Upon arrival, we assign the task to agents immediately and irrevocably. The goal of the problem is to maximize the expected total profit produced by completed tasks. The key features of our problem are (1) an agent is reusable, i.e., an agent comes back to the market after completing the assigned task, (2) an agent may reject the assigned task to stay the market, and (3) a task may accommodate multiple agents. The setting generalizes that of existing work in which an online task is assigned to one agent under (1). In this paper, we propose an online algorithm that is 1/2-competitive for the above setting, which is tight. Moreover, when each agent can reject assigned tasks at most Δ times, the algorithm is shown to have the competitive ratio Δ/(3Δ-1), which is at least 1/3. We also evaluate our proposed algorithm with numerical experiments.

32

Yang, Lin, Ali Zeynali, Mohammad H. Hajiesmaili, Ramesh K. Sitaraman, and Don Towsley. "Competitive Algorithms for Online Multidimensional Knapsack Problems." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 50, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3547353.3522627.

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In this work, we study the online multidimensional knapsack problem (called OMdKP) in which there is a knapsack whose capacity is represented in m dimensions, each dimension could have a different capacity. Then, n items with different scalar profit values and m-dimensional weights arrive in an online manner and the goal is to admit or decline items upon their arrival such that the total profit obtained by admitted items is maximized and the capacity of knapsack across all dimensions is respected. This is a natural generalization of the classic single-dimension knapsack problem with several relevant applications such as in virtual machine allocation, job scheduling, and all-or-nothing flow maximization over a graph. We develop an online algorithm for OMdKP that uses an exponential reservation function to make online admission decisions. Our competitive analysis shows that the proposed online algorithm achieves the competitive ratio of O(log (Θ α)), where α is the ratio between the aggregate knapsack capacity and the minimum capacity over a single dimension and θ is the ratio between the maximum and minimum item unit values. We also show that the competitive ratio of our algorithm with exponential reservation function matches the lower bound up to a constant factor.

33

Yang, Lin, Ali Zeynali, Mohammad H. Hajiesmaili, Ramesh K. Sitaraman, and Don Towsley. "Competitive Algorithms for Online Multidimensional Knapsack Problems." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 5, no. 3 (December 14, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3491042.

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Анотація:

In this paper, we study the online multidimensional knapsack problem (called OMdKP) in which there is a knapsack whose capacity is represented in m dimensions, each dimension could have a different capacity. Then, n items with different scalar profit values and m-dimensional weights arrive in an online manner and the goal is to admit or decline items upon their arrival such that the total profit obtained by admitted items is maximized and the capacity of knapsack across all dimensions is respected. This is a natural generalization of the classic single-dimension knapsack problem and finds several relevant applications such as in virtual machine allocation, job scheduling, and all-or-nothing flow maximization over a graph. We develop two algorithms for OMdKP that use linear and exponential reservation functions to make online admission decisions. Our competitive analysis shows that the linear and exponential algorithms achieve the competitive ratios of O(θα ) and O(łogł(θα)), respectively, where α is the ratio between the aggregate knapsack capacity and the minimum capacity over a single dimension and θ is the ratio between the maximum and minimum item unit values. We also characterize a lower bound for the competitive ratio of any online algorithm solving OMdKP and show that the competitive ratio of our algorithm with exponential reservation function matches the lower bound up to a constant factor.

34

Muhammad, Kuldashev, Mukumova Muslima Ziyadullayevna, Sadikova Yorkinoy Salijonovna, Mirzayev Djasur Jaxonovich, and Mirzayeva Maftuna Hamidjon Qizi. "Problems of quality of distance learning online." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S4 (December 15, 2021): 2439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1993.

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From this paperwork we see distance learning and its relationship to emerging computer technologies have together offered many promises to the field of education. In practice, however, the combination often falls short of what it attempts to accomplish. Some of the shortcomings are due to problems with the technology; others have more to do with administration, instructional methods, or students. Being positively motivated to take an online course of study, they, nevertheless, face a number of challenges while learning at a distance. These involve low self-organization, lack of control on the instructor’s side, lack of effective interaction, and a sense of isolation, which decrease their satisfaction with an online learning experience. These findings prove the thesis that to be highly successful and effective distance learning requires considerable attention and commitment on the part of faculty. The role of faculty is manifested in the way the instruction is designed and delivered as well as in the faculty's ability to incorporate relevant course content with the emphasis on student support, interaction and assessment techniques as these are the key issues in effective distance learning.

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Khakhalina, M. S., A. A. Lagutina, O. Yu Scherba, and N. V. Poriaz. "PROBLEMS OF ONLINE FOREIGN LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY TEACHING." Философия образования 21, no. 2 (2021): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/phe20210208.

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Khoiruman, Muhamad Alfi. "Online Learning Problems; Students' English Learning Barriers." Darussalam English Journal (DEJ) 1, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30739/dej.v1i1.1037.

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Policies related to online learning which were then simultaneously used as a learning system did not appear without problems. As a result, countries that are not ready with this system, of course, face many problems, especially for teaching staff and students. This study, tries to explore problems that have the potential to hinder students' understanding during online learning, which means that researchers will only focus on obstacles in the learning process, both internal to students and external from teachers and parents, not technical matters such as network constraints, no quota and other related matters. Subjects in this study were 15 junior high school students in Penan, Pejarakan, Ampenan. Qualitative research with this descriptive approach, in the process using Observation and Interview methods as the main way to obtain data where the results of this study classify the main problems that arise into 3 parts, namely; 1) There is a delay from the subject in participating in online class activities, 2) There is a tendency not to take learning activities seriously by doing other activities such as playing games, watching TV and other activities and 3) the lack of time and the ability of companions during the learning process is good because they do not have sufficient understanding of the material or other activities or work to be undertaken.

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Demange, Marc, and Martin Olsen. "Generalised online colouring problems in overlap graphs." Theoretical Computer Science 877 (July 2021): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2021.05.004.

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Zebrowski, Matthew. "Organics Online: Turning Problems into Selling Points." Theory in Action 7, no. 4 (October 31, 2014): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.14031.

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Murakosshi, Shin, and Kenta Mitsushita. "Usability problems and literacy of online maps." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-89-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The purpose of the current research is to identify usability problems of online maps and examine literacy complementary to the problems from a viewpoint of real-world problem solving discussed in Saeki (1988) and Harada (1997). In an experiment, a route search task and a task to select a safer place to live in by using hazard maps and a security map were given to seven students, a researcher of geography and two researchers of natural disaster prevention. As a result, 62 usability problems were identified at three levels: operation/perception load, understanding operation and display, and formation of operational intention and practical interpretation. The use of existing knowledge and strategies for smooth problem solving were also found. Online map literacy was discussed based on the results.</p>

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Cooper, Al, Eric Griffin-Shelley, David L. Delmonico, and Robin M. Mathy. "Online Sexual Problems: Assessment and Predictive Variables." Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 8, no. 3-4 (July 2001): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/107201601753459964.

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Lyons, John F. "Teaching U.S. History Online: Problems and Prospects." History Teacher 37, no. 4 (August 2004): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1555549.

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Pearson, A. Fiona. "Real Problems, Virtual Solutions: Engaging Students Online." Teaching Sociology 38, no. 3 (July 2010): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x10370115.

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Garrison, Bruce. "Journalists' Perceptions of Online Information-Gathering Problems." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 77, no. 3 (September 2000): 500–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700303.

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Epstein, Leah, and Rob van Stee. "Optimal Online Algorithms for Multidimensional Packing Problems." SIAM Journal on Computing 35, no. 2 (January 2005): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0097539705446895.

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Mohr, Esther, Iftikhar Ahmad, and Günter Schmidt. "Online algorithms for conversion problems: A survey." Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science 19, no. 2 (July 2014): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sorms.2014.08.001.

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Epstein, Leah, Lene M. Favrholdt, and Jens S. Kohrt. "Comparing online algorithms for bin packing problems." Journal of Scheduling 15, no. 1 (September 12, 2009): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10951-009-0129-5.

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Martínez Guerrero, Mario, José Manuel Ortega Egea, and María Victoria Román González. "Characterization of online shoppers with navigation problems." Direct Marketing: An International Journal 1, no. 2 (June 12, 2007): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17505930710756851.

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Li, Shouwei, Christine Markarian, and Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide. "Towards Flexible Demands in Online Leasing Problems." Algorithmica 80, no. 5 (February 20, 2018): 1556–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-018-0420-y.

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Hiddink, Gerrit. "Solving reusability problems of online learning materials." Campus-Wide Information Systems 18, no. 4 (October 2001): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10650740110397060.

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Santos, Silas Garrido Teixeira de Carvalho, and Roberto Souto Maior de Barros. "Online AdaBoost-based methods for multiclass problems." Artificial Intelligence Review 53, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 1293–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10462-019-09696-6.

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