Дисертації з теми "Online Labor"
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Chandler, Dana Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Essays in online labor markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90119.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 111-114).
This thesis explores the economics of online labor markets. The first paper evaluates a market intervention that sought to improve efficiency within the world's largest online labor market. The second paper provides an illustration of how online labor markets can serve as a platform for helping researchers study economic questions using natural field experiments. The third paper examines the role of supervision within a firm using detailed productivity data. In the first paper, we report the results of an experiment that increased job application costs in an online labor market. More specifically, we made it costlier to apply to jobs by adding required questions to job applications that were designed to elicit high-bandwidth information about workers. Our experimental design allows us to separate the effect of a costly ordeal vs. the role of information by randomizing whether employers see workers' answers. We find that our ordeal reduced the number of applicants by as much as 29% and reduced hires by as much as 3.6%. Overall, the applicant pool that underwent the ordeal had higher earnings and hourly wages, but not better past job performance. The ordeal also discouraged non-North American workers. We find no evidence that employers spent more when vacancies were filled, but some evidence that employer satisfaction improved. These improvements were the result of information provision rather than selection. Finally, we did not find any heterogeneity in outcomes across job category, contract types, or employer experience. In the second paper, we conduct the first natural field experiment to explore the relationship between the "meaningfulness" of a task and worker effort. We employed over 2,500 workers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk), an online labor market, to label medical images. Although given an identical task, we experimentally manipulated how the task was framed. Subjects in the meaningful treatment were told that they were labeling tumor cells in order to assist medical researchers, subjects in the zero-context condition (the control group) were not told the purpose of the task, and, in stark contrast, subjects in the shredded treatment were not given context and were additionally told that their work would be discarded. We found that when a task was framed more meaningfully, workers were more likely to participate. We also found that the meaningful treatment increased the quantity of output (with an insignificant change in quality) while the shredded treatment decreased the quality of output (with no change in quantity). We believe these results will generalize to other short-term labor markets. Our study also discusses MTurk as an exciting platform for running natural field experiments in economics. In the third paper, we investigate whether greater supervision translates into higher quality work. We analyze data from a firm that supplies answers for one of the most popular question-and- answer ("Q&A') websites in the world. As a result of the firm's staffing process, the assignment of supervisors to workers is as good as random, and workers are exposed to supervisors who put forth varying degrees of "effort" (a measure based on a supervisor's propensity to correct work). Using this exogenous variation, we estimate the net effect of greater supervision and find that a one-standard-deviation increase in supervisor effort reduces the number of bad answers by between four and six percent. By decomposing the total effect into the separate effects on corrected and uncorrected answers, we conclude that supervisor effort tends to lower the number of good answers among uncorrected answers. Interestingly, observable worker behaviors (i.e., answer length and time to answer a question) seemed unaffected by supervision. None of the results vary with worker experience.
by Dana Chandler.
Ph. D.
Hong, Yili. "THREE ESSAYS ON ONLINE LABOR MARKETS FOR IT SERVICES." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/264441.
Ph.D.
Ubiquitous access to the Internet and supporting technologies gave birth to online labor markets (Malone and Laubacher 1998). Online labor markets enable employers (employers) to contract with professionals (service providers) from anywhere in the world. Firms now are able to greatly expand their workforce and bring a large arsenal of labor to bear on IT jobs, such as software or web development using Internet-enabled procurement platforms such as Freelancer. These markets serve as intermediaries for IT services (outsourcers post Call for Bids (CFBs) for services and providers offer bids for IT services) that help match employers with service providers across the globe. In my dissertation, I try to comprehensively study this Internet-enabled phenomenon from the perspectives of these three entities on global online markets with three separate yet related essays. The first essay focuses on the "global" nature of the market, and assess the effect of global frictions and global labor arbitrage on both provider bidding and employer selection. The second essay focuses on the effect of auction mechanism - sealed versus open bid auction - on providers' bidding dynamics, and the market performance. The third essay focuses on estimating true consumer (employer) surplus of online labor markets with a quality-adjusted measure. I also test its robustness by comparing its effects on consumers' subsequent transactions. I also find that market immaturity, consumers' lack of experience in the market, and consumers' lack of familiarity with IT service providers lead to the difference between the traditional measure and the quality-adjusted consumer surplus.
Temple University--Theses
Gehler, Judy King. "An analysis of online training for seasonal employees." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006gehlerj.pdf.
Jeffery, Grant. "Supporting school career education with an online community." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2006. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3671.
Moody, Kyle Andrew. "Modders : changing the game through user-generated content and online communities." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4701.
Hergueux, Jérôme. "Online cooperation and peer production." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB003/document.
From Open Source Software to Wikipedia, peer production involves hundreds of thousands of contributors worldwide. It is an important source of value creation in the most competitive sectors of information and technology, as well as a major source of innovation. Beyond its economic significance, the emergence of peer production also represents an opportunity to shed new lights on a number of longstanding but notably difficult questions in the literature. Given the unconventional nature of many of the work incentives at play in peer production environments, those are particularly well suited for researching the impact of non standard economic preferences on public goods provision, studying their role as work incentives, and assessing their consequences in terms of organizational economics.This Ph.D. work leverages a novel online experimentation tool (developed and assessed in Chapter 1) to combine large-scale online experiments and computational methods (i.e. the systematic extraction of data on subjects’ field behavior) to respectively (i) provide the first comprehensive field test of the theory of the private provision of public goods, (ii) study the importance of social preferences as work motives within real-world productive organizations and(iii) report the first field evidence of endogenous sorting behavior of economic agents within productive teams based on their cooperative types
Jiang, Ru Lian. "Femininity, aesthetic labor, and the myth of transformation :engaging the post-feminist discourse of beauty vlogging in China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952611.
Yartey, Franklin Nii Amankwah. "Digitizing Third World Bodies: Communicating Race, Identity, and Gender through Online Microfinance/A Visual Analysis." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1329782791.
Kilgore, Clinton Travis. "Familiar Places in Global Spaces: Networking and Place-making of American English Teachers in Sanlitun, Beijing." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1308074052.
Ponte, Felipe TeÃfilo. "Restructuring temporality labour in the experience of teachers tutors of online education." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15919.
Este estudo foi realizado entre os anos de 2013 e 2015, tendo como campo de pesquisa o Ãmbito da EducaÃÃo a DistÃncia do tipo on-line e como sujeitos participantes os professores tutores do Curso de Letras (PortuguÃs-InglÃs-Espanhol) de uma InstituiÃÃo de Ensino Superior PÃblica. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como os professores da educaÃÃo on-line vivenciam o redimensionamento da temporalidade laboral. Por meio da abordagem qualitativa, com enfoque nos discursos dos profissionais em questÃo, discorreu-se sobre a articulaÃÃo entre as categorias tempo e trabalho, a fim de analisar criticamente as mudanÃas na estrutura de trabalho, bem como as repercussÃes que essas transformaÃÃes produziram nas constituiÃÃes subjetivas dos trabalhadores. Mediante a aplicaÃÃo de entrevista semiestruturada e do recurso metodolÃgico da anÃlise sociohermenÃutica do discurso, analisou-se como esses profissionais constroem e reproduzem o sistema temporal em suas atividades laborais. As falas dos participantes ressaltam uma configuraÃÃo laboral demarcada por uma variabilidade temporal e pela ausÃncia de um tempo de trabalho rÃgido e inflexÃvel. AlÃm disso, observou-se uma temporalidade de trabalho que se dilui para outros tempos sociais passando, na maioria das vezes, a interferir no cotidiano desses sujeitos. IndÃcios de precarizaÃÃo e precariedade emergiram nos discursos dos professores tutores, tais como: acumulaÃÃo de tarefas, ritmo acelerado e intensa velocidade de trabalho, exigÃncia de polivalÃncia, versatilidade e flexibilidade, desqualficaÃÃo do trabalho, desprofissionalizaÃÃo, alongamento das jornadas laborais. Como fruto deste estudo, encontrou-se, entÃo, no professor da educaÃÃo on-line um agente social que explicita em sua realidade os imperativos dos mecanismos flexÃveis de produÃÃo.
Belletti, Chiara. "Empirical essays on information asymmetries on digital platforms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT017.
This thesis studies issues related to information asymmetry in digital markets. It aims at understanding the behavior of economic agents when standard reputation tools, such as ratings and reviews, may fall short.The first chapter investigates the impact of end-of-game concerns on the effectiveness of reputation systems as monitoring tools in digital markets. Using data from Airbnb, the chapter examines the effort decisions of hosts anticipating their exit due to non-compliance with a short-term rental regulation in the City of Los Angeles. With a Difference-in-Differences and Event Study approach, we compare how listing's effort-related ratings changed, compared to ratings on location, after the regulation announcement and during its implementation. The findings reveal a statistically significant decrease in effort-related ratings during the hosts' final periods, highlighting the limitations of reputation systems in addressing moral hazard within a finite game.The second and third chapters of this thesis study firm and worker behavior on a commercial crowd-working platform characterized by anonymity and limited employer-employee interactions.The second chapter provides descriptive insights into how crowd-working platforms are used for outsourcing AI-related tasks, particularly focusing on data training. The study begins by providing context on the platform under study and unveiling a recent growing demand for crowd-sourced data work. The chapter also examines how firms ensure tasks' execution quality through worker selection, wage setting, and monitoring. A regression framework allows for the identification of specific factors that distinguish demand for data work from other tasks. The higher targeting of demand towards predefined groups of contributors based on experience or geographic location, along with a larger rejection probability for data annotation tasks, underscores the importance of quality execution for firms outsourcing in this domain.The final chapter explores a Principal-Agent problem arising from monetary incentives, affecting the quality of the execution of data annotation tasks on crowd-sourced platforms. This problem cannot be adequately addressed with a reduced form approach. It stems from firms infrequently monitoring the quality of work, fostering moral hazard by the workers. A structural model assesses the equilibrium demand and supply of effort, revealing that metrics relying on observed task rejection underestimate quality. The study suggests a more accurate back-of-the-envelope correction based on a firm's own monitoring rate and simulates counterfactual incentive schemes. The simulation exercises reveal that a wage penalty for workers with rejected tasks could induce higher effort, increase platform revenue, require less monitoring, and enhance the potential of the platform. An alternative approach, although more costly for the platform, to encourage effort and reduce the likelihood of overlooking poor quality, implies providing subsidies for firms' monitoring efforts
Černý, Vítězslav. "Internetový trh práce (v České republice)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201822.
Ratti, Stéphanie. "Scanlators As Produsers : Fan Participatory Practices Online: Free And Affective Manga Produsage And Distribution." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200973.
Holts, Kaire. "Management of the self in virtual work : self-organisation and control among professional online poker players." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/20194.
Humphreys, Alison Mary. "Massively Multiplayer Online Games Productive Players and their Disruptions to Conventional Media Practices." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16119/1/Alison_Humphreys_Thesis.pdf.
Humphreys, Alison Mary. "Massively Multiplayer Online Games Productive Players and their Disruptions to Conventional Media Practices." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16119/.
Merkes, Monika, and monika@melbpc org au. "A longer working life for Australian women of the baby boom generation? � Women�s voices and the social policy implications of an ageing female workforce." La Trobe University. School of Public Health, 2003. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20051103.104704.
Humphreys, Alison M. (Sal). "Massively Multiplayer Online Games. Productive players and their disruptions to conventional media practices." Thesis, QUT, 2005.
Drews, Paul. "Veränderungen in der Arbeitsteilung und Gewinnverteilung durch Open Innovation und Crowdsourcing." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-141819.
Drews, Paul. "Veränderungen in der Arbeitsteilung und Gewinnverteilung durch Open Innovation und Crowdsourcing." Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27988.
Olesen, Terry. "Individual adaptation to discontinuous employment for Australian workers : a longitudinal mixed method study." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/522.
Hjorth, Isis Amelie. "Networked cultural production : filmmaking in the Wreckamovie community." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c5baae87-6667-463a-bef2-b22d25c75896.
Hong, Ming Chen, and 洪銘成. "Player as Labor: Commodification, Structuration, and Online game Player." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40836695760749806846.
淡江大學
大眾傳播學系碩士班
96
Online game has developed into a prosperous entertainment industry, and also caused many considerable social issues. Online game players are widely regarded as indulging in playing game, however, their real experiences are much more complicated. Indeed, players can have pleasures in playing online game while at the same time, they are also constrained by the structure of online game. Taking critical political economy of communication as research approach, the thesis aims to explore the relationship between online game and players. Firstly, by applying the theoretical framework of ‘commodification’ as start point, the operational structure of online game and how the players are constrained. Secondly, as the players are also social actors that having their own agency, the dialectical relationship between the online game industrial structure and the players is examined by referring to the concept of ‘structuration’. For completing these inquiries, the most popular and largest online game in the global market, ‘World of Warcraft’ (WoW), is selected as the case being studied. The thesis concludes that the players are transformed into labors who produce the commodities and surplus values for the online game capitals. On the one hand, the players are voluntary to participate in the production processes, but on the other hand, they are ‘stuck’ on the processes by the mutual sanction among players. The players are willing to labor but also are constrained and exploited. There is a dialectic, contradictory and cooperative relationship between the player and the capital.
Wu, Tzu-Yi, and 吳姿誼. "Online with Korea: The Cultural Labor of Korean Fashion Sellers in The Era of Social Media." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7u629v.
LIN, CHIAN-JU, and 林倩如. "Sharing Economy, is it “Sharing” or ”Economic”? The Daily Sticker Illustrators’ Labor Analysis in Online Community." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5c4efs.
國立中正大學
傳播學系電訊傳播研究所
107
This study adopts economy sharing theory to analysis the labor process of the daily sticker illustrators in online community, through interviews and observations to find out why the daily sticker illustrators are willing to sharing their creative work works for free every month. The study found that the illustrators are willing to share their creative works for free is on purpose, on the one hand, they want their ability can be earn recognition, on the other hand, they want to attract more consumers to buy their own goods, and to accumulate the capital of reputation and popularity to gain more business cooperation opportunities. The illustrator’s economic background will effects his motivation of free sharing. The illustrator’s motivation is not just for sharing or for economic, but both have, and will be changed with time and economic factors. Even if the illustrators sharing their daily sticker for free, they still care their copyrights, In order to gain more resources and opportunities for business cooperation, some illustrators willing to give up their rights and Signing an unfair contract with the publisher. The illustrators are not unaware be exploited, but they want to through the concessions of rights in exchange for more economic opportunities.
Ferreira, Andrea. "The effect of online social networking on employee productivity within a tertiary education institution." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3021.
Since the establishment of the Internet, innovative technologies have evolved rapidly and 'social networking' technologies specifically have gained value from the recent surge in popularity and increased use of these networked technologies. The exposure and growth that social networking technologies have experienced in recent history has created a phenomenal following by individuals from diverse walks of life. However, the negative press that currently surrounds online social networks is ardent and in some cases valid, overshadowing the opportunities that Online Social Networking may present to organisations. The focus of this study fell on the possible effect of employee participation in Online Social Networking on productivity. In current workplaces that rely on intellectual capital to be successful in business, employees are a key source of knowledge and mainly responsible for intellectual capital growth. It was therefore argued in this study that organisations should critically investigate the relevance of collaborative technology such as online social networking in order to support employees in the processes required for knowledge creation. This study provided an overview of the literature review findings as well as the relevant empirical research findings with regard to what Online Social Networking entails; what the possible consequences could be if employees were allowed access to online social networks without restriction; and how online social networks could contribute to the productivity of an organisation. This study aimed to serve as a foundation on which the University of Johannesburg could build a strategy that aspired to incorporate online social networking within this institution, in order to promote a knowledge sharing culture.
Chen, I.-Chun, and 陳怡君. "Stage or Prison?A Study of Online Self-presentation and Offline Labor Process of YouTube Amateur Performers." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91668496790470705595.
國立中山大學
傳播管理研究所
100
Accroading to the rapid development of broadband network technology, the Internet video sharing platform YouTube has a number of amateur performers sharing their own shot creative video in order to attract the attention of the audience and the mass media. The study based on famous online amateur performers the spectacle / performance paradigm behavior to discuss the relationship in panopticon surroundings. Also the perspective of Attention Economy explain the amateur performers how to attract user’s attention and maintain the relationship and the labor relationship between manufactures when they have opportunity with them. The study use Virtual Ethnography to watch and participate YouTube of amateurs and depth interviews to understand the motivation of amateurs. Accroading to the result of study, the amateur desire been watching from others, the relationship on the Internet reverse the power. At the beginning, the amateur create video by their self-awareness and enjoy others watching. When they become famous , the user’s watching and beloved restrict creative of the amateur. Based on the continued, the culture of the labor process with manufactures was different form the traditional, the users opinion is more important than manufactures.
Hsin-Lin, Yen, and 林彥行. "On Flexibility of Labor Control in the Post-industrial Society: A Case Study of the Online Game Production in Taiwan." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54020567371318354066.
國立中正大學
電訊傳播研究所
93
Knowledge and flexibility are two main characteristics of the post-industrial society. By changing labors’ time and space, capitalists take full advantage of using flexible controlling, which makes flexibility as a kind of control strategy. Thus, I will by focus the real condition on game Industry's in Taiwan. This research use retrospective secondary data analyze and In-depth interviewing method arranging data than with the political economy attitude to analyze the change of game Industry's labor control under the context of post-industrial society in Taiwan. We realized that in order to smooth labor process, they use subject-oriented and the flat framework adapting to the new conditions. Besides, in order to control the efficiency, they not only adapt the concept of responsibility to train employee’s voluntary servitude, but use many flexible strategies, including occupational training、subvention、flexible time and space to make employees endlessly contribute their creativity for capitalist. In the end, flexibility does not bring more satisfied working environment to game Industry labors, but more pressure and more work thy have.
Tseng, Chun-Hao, and 曾俊豪. "Study of the relationship between emotional labor and emotional exhaustion in service employees: the moderating effect of online social support." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j23vfw.
世新大學
觀光學研究所(含碩專班)
104
In a very competitive business, service industry is usually required to provide an excellent service quality and recovery strategies for service failure. It also faces the challenge of meeting some customers’ extraordinary requirements. However, in the process of service delivery, not only customers but also employees who provide service have their own emotions. Their emotions can affect service quality itself, and further affect service experience of customers. In order to comply with some service specifications, the employees may develop negative physiological or psychological effects when they try to make their best efforts. With the increasing network technology, online community gradually changes the interpersonal communication mode. It brings the interactive space from the real world to the virtual world. Traditionally, the social support of friends, family, and coworkers from the real society can reduce negative emotions of an individual in work. This research tends to discuss whether the social support on the internet can also reduce the negative emotions on work as the social support in the real society does. The effects of emotional labors (containing surface acting and deep acting) on emotional exhaustion were studied. In addition, the effects of online social support as a moderator for the relationships between emotional labors and emotional exhaustion were studied. Correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis were used for the study. It is expected that the results of the research can make further contribution in theory and give related suggestions in practice to service providers and front-line employees, thereby improving working quality of service industry. The results indicated that emotional exhaustion was positively correlated with the surface acting but not with deep acting. Online social support can moderate and weaken the positive relationship between surface acting and emotional exhaustion, but online social support cannot affect the relationship between deep acting and emotional exhaustion.
HUANG, YU-RU, and 黃郁茹. "A Study of Process Reengineering for the e-Government-Case Study of Inspected-Labor Development Agency Foreign Workers Online Application System." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ndyw4t.
靜宜大學
資訊管理學系
107
With the rapid development of information technology, many enterprise processes are gradually developing in the direction of informationization and electronicization. By electronically transforming enterprise processes, the performance of enterprises can be greatly improved. Therefore, a government with a more complex organizational structure than a company should be committed to reengineering government processes and joining the ranks of electronic and informationalization, so that administrative efficiency can be greatly improved and information can be more easily and quickly circulated among various departments. In order to provide people with faster and more efficient services, we can keep up with the world's trends and enhance the country's competitiveness. This study focuses on the experience of the development of government process electronic systems, and explores the process of electronic the foreign worker application process.
Pereira, Mafalda de Almeida. "A rede PERSONA: a plataforma online de recursos humanos criativos." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7763.
This project explores the evolution of a business concept that pursues the correspondence to the needs of a labor market with little structure, then one of the creative and cultural industries, using inspiration from new technologies and new social and professional dynamics. PERSONA , the online social network is a project that uses a sociological point of view in its strategy of marketing and communication to form a reliable accomplishment facing the real needs of creative workers. Why make an online social network as a project? So that new answers are found to respond to the real issues and needs of creative individuals, while following the current technological growth. So that this network can become a social and professional project of success, its launching platform and its projecting and theoretical structure will be carefully analyzed through this degree's final project. "Connecting Creative Characters" the slogan to name a redesign of a labor world starting with virtual tools, while embracing the real issues of the national situation, and conscious of all the bureaucratic barriers and the anxieties of our creative individuals, owners of an indispensable value to this country: Culture and Creativity!
Maravalhas, Maria Inês Pinto. "Gestão de impressões online: O exemplo do LinkedIn." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24843.
The evolution of human resources in recent years was marked by the emergence of social networks, namely LinkedIn. This network facilitated contact between potential candidates and organizations. However, it also brought the possibility for candidates to carefully manage the image they portray on their networks and influence the recruitment process. Impression management is a topic deeply studied in the context of on-site recruitment and selection contexts; however, this study is still scarce in the new digital world. With this study we intend to know the influence of online impression management strategies on the possibility of being contacted for an interview and on the individual's general assessment. To this end, we developed two studies. Given the novelty of the concept, we started with an exploratory study to analyze the online impression management strategies that potential candidates use on the social network LinkedIn. For the second study, we carried out a questionnaire based on a recruitment scenario for a trainee program, which aimed to evaluate two LinkedIn profiles. We questioned potential candidates and recruiters in order to compare opinions and gain a broader understanding of the subject.
Rodrigues, Joana Filipa Gomes. "Das potencialidades dos meios de resolução alternativa e online de conflitos no contexto nacional e europeu em matéria laboral." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/50281.
Quem pensa Justiça sabe que, apesar de todos os seus problemas, o sistema comum de Justiça é, e continuará a ser, a espinha dorsal dos Sistemas de Justiça1. Por outro lado, quem pensa Justiça também sabe que isso só não chega. É preciso mais! A evolução da sociedade, a globalização pede mais! E é neste sentido que, no século XX, brotam os sistemas extra-judiciais de Justiça – os meios de Resolução Alternativa de Litígios –, sem os formalismos e os ritualismos do judicial, tendo como base essencial a chamada proximidade2. Tudo isto sem esquecer que, para entender o conflito e tudo o que o envolve, é necessário ter em atenção a parte humana que o rodeia, já que é ela que nos leva a esta dita proximidade. Sem isso, não há proximidade e, sem proximidade, não há Justiça restaurativa de paz. Já dizia Platão que, quem tivesse um conflito, deveria procurar a solução junto de vizinhos, de amigos, de quem conhecesse os factos, antes de ir a Tribunal34. Entretanto, e a par disto, no século XXI o grande desenvolvimento das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC), com particular projeção na Internet, impulsionaram e desafiaram a RAL, a converterem-se a estes meios, originando ao que hoje designamos por resolução de litígios em linha (RLL). A presente dissertação perpassa por estes temas, designadamente pela resolução alternativa de litígios e resolução de litígios em linha na área laboral. Aqui, o pretendido é abordar estes temas, conhecer o seu funcionamento em Portugal e noutros países da União Europeia, numa tentativa de expandir horizontes e publicitar estes meios como uma forma rápida e eficaz face à via contenciosa dita tradicional.
Who thinks Justice knows that, despite all of its problems, the common system of Justice is and will continue to be the spinal cord of the Justice Systems. On the other hand, who thinks justice also knows that’s not enough. It takes more! The society’s evolution, the globalization requests more. And it’s in this sense that in the twentieth century the extra-judicial systems of Justice sprout – the RAL means -, without the formalisms and the ritualisms of the judicial, having as an essential base the so called proximity. All this without forgetting that to understand the conflict and all that surrounds it is necessary to take into account the human part, since it is what brings us to this so-called proximity. Without it, there is no proximity and restorative justice. Platão already claimed that who had a conflict should seek a solution with neighbors, friends, who ever knew the facts, before going into court. Meanwhile and alongside this, in the twenty first century the Great technology of information and communication (TIC) development, with particular projection on the internet, boosted and challenged the RAL into converting to these means, originating what we call today as resolution of disputes in line (RDL). The present dissertation runs through these themes, namely the alternative resolution of disputes and the online dispute resolution in the laboral area. Here the intended is to broach these themes, know their work in Portugal and in other countries of the EU, in an attempt of expanding horizons and advertise these means as a fast and effective way in view of the contentious route called traditional.
Lima, Joana Seabra de Azevedo. "Portuguese recruiters perceptions of online contents during screening and the impact on their hiring decisions." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21955.
Embora verificar os antecedentes e a informação dada pelos candidatos sejam práticas comuns na maioria das empresas durante o processo de recrutamento, a inclusão de práticas como o "screening" das redes sociais, ainda é um tema inexplorado, principalmente em Portugal. Dado isto, este estudo pretende desvendar se o "screening" é uma prática corrente em Portugal e quais são as dimensões dos conteúdos "online" presentes nas redes sociais, (Comportamentos, Conexões, Informações pessoais, Informações Visuais e Textuais, Informações profissionais e Presença nas redes sociais), e as características dos candidatos, que maior influência têm nas perceções dos recrutadores. Adicionalmente, testámos as hipóteses com as caraterísticas do recrutador (idade, nível de educação e tamanho da empresa). Recorremos a métodos quantitativos para recolher os dados, posteriormente analisados no IBM-SPSS, e que analisámos através do coeficiente de "Spearman". Os resultados provaram que as diversas dimensões de conteúdos "online provocam "perceções" diferentes nos recrutadores. No geral a dimensão "Comportamentos" provou influenciar negativamente as perceções, enquanto as "Conexões", "Informações pessoais", "Informações Textuais e Visuais" e a "Presença nas redes sociais", na sua maioria, não demonstraram alterar positivamente ou negativamente as perceções, no entanto, as "Informações profissionais" demonstraram influenciar positivamente as perceções dos recrutadores. Ao analisar o impacto das caraterísticas do "juiz", a "idade" demonstrou correlações estatisticamente significativas com várias dimensões dos conteúdos "online" dos candidatos ("Comportamentos" e "Informações Textuais e Visuais), e com a ("Raça", "Nacionalidade" e "Estado civil") dos candidatos, enquanto o "Nível de educação", mostrou correlações com as dimensões ("Conexões", "Informações profissionais" e "Presença nas redes sociais") e a "Religião" dos candidatos, e por último, o "tamanho da empresa" onde o recrutador trabalha provou estar relacionado com as dimensões ("Conexões", "Informações Pessoais", "Informações Textuais e visuais" e "Presença nas redes sociais") e a suas caraterísticas (género). Em suma, as perceções do recrutador sobre os candidatos, durante o processo de seleção, podem ser influencias pelos seus conteúdos online, as caraterísticas dos candidatos e as caraterísticas do recrutador. Esta pesquisa é significativa para entender a perceção que os recrutadores obtêm, dos conteúdos "online" das redes sociais dos candidatos e da discriminação existente nesta prática. Adicionalmente também para conscientizar o leitor sobre a importância de gerir a sua pegada digital.
Valenza, Ilaria. "How to have an effective online teamwork training, engaging employees through a supportive environment, in times of Covid-19." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24342.
Atualmente a formação por via digital está a tornar-se crucial na vida dos empregados, este fenómeno já começou na última década, contudo, devido à atual situação pandêmica, as empresas tiveram de melhorar e atualizar as suas ferramentas a fim de proporcionar uma formação eficiente mesmo durante o período de confinamento. Este estudo transversal (N=200) visa identificar os elementos que, em cenários de formação por via digital ou telemática, podem ser aplicados para implementar a eficácia da formação. Levantamos a hipótese de que a interatividade, como característica da formação, estava positivamente relacionada com a eficácia da formação on line relativa a trabalho em equipa. Portanto, equacionámos que um ambiente de trabalho de apoio estava positivamente relacionado com a eficácia do processo de formação. Uma análise de regressão entre estas variáveis demonstrou a existência destasrelações. Além disso, colocamos a hipótese de que a variável compromisso estava a funcionar como mediador entre a interatividade e a eficácia da formação, mas também entre a variável de apoio no ambiente de trabalho e a eficácia da formação. O modelo de mediação apoiou estas hipóteses, embora com algumas limitações. Além disso, discutimos as implicações práticas destes resultados e sugerimos orientações para futuras investigações.
Calhau, João Afonso Godinho. "COVID-19: A new meaning of telework: Based on an online survey of the employee’s perceptions." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24226.
A pandemia de Covid-19 obrigou as organizações a adotar o teletrabalho como a única solução para manter a atividade num cenário de confinamento obrigatório. Ao nível académico abriu espaço novo para investigação ao nível individual e organizacional. O nosso estudo explora o nível satisfação dos teletrabalhadores num conjunto de dimensões do teletrabalho. Além disso, compara dois tipos de teletrabalhadores, os que já exerciam a sua atividade neste regime e os que aderiram ao trabalho remoto durante a pandemia. Esta pesquisa de natureza exploratória baseia-se num inquérito online, aplicado em 2021, que permitiu a recolha de dados sobre 156 teletrabalhadores. Os resultados empíricos mostram uma perceção muito positiva relativamente à produtividade individual, à flexibilidade e autonomia na programação das tarefas de trabalho, e ao equilíbrio trabalho-vida pessoal, devido à flexibilidade que o teletrabalho permite. Estas são consideradas as principais vantagens do teletrabalho que se tornou obrigatório. Do seu lado, o isolamento surge como um aspeto negativo, dentro dos domínios estudados. Acresce ainda que as fronteiras entre o trabalho e responsabilidades familiares se tornaram mais confusas, devido á pandemia, o que pode provocar conflito entre estes dois papéis. Relativamente à organização, os inquiridos admitem que os gestores desempenharam um papel mais difícil na gestão remota das suas equipas, durante a pandemia. No entanto os teletrabalhadores consideram, todavia, que houve acompanhamento, mesmo remotamente. Relativamente ao futuro, os trabalhadores que participaram no estudo consideram a experiência positiva e pretendem continuar em teletrabalho num futuro pós-pandémico, mas num modo híbrido.
Vallam, Rohith Dwarakanath. "Game-Theoretic Analysis of Strategic Behaviour in Networks, Crowds and Classrooms." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2955.
Vallam, Rohith Dwarakanath. "Game-Theoretic Analysis of Strategic Behaviour in Networks, Crowds and Classrooms." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/2955.
Shepherd, Tamara. "Persona Rights in Young People’s Labour of Online Cultural Production: Implications for New Media Policy." Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/973722/1/Shepherd_PhD_S2012.pdf.
Gomes, Rita Miguel Casmarrinha Branquinho. "Os direitos laborais na economia de plataforma." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20781.
The platform economy is a phenomenon that has emerged accompanied by revolutionary business models, which aim to bring supply and demand closer together. However, besides the solutions that promote quality of life and inclusion, this new reality has brought multiple challenges to the job market. It is precisely in this context that this dissertation aims to make its contribution, with a first global approach being made to the emergence of online platforms and, consequently, the emergence of the gig economy, clarifying some relevant issues at a conceptual level, and considering practical impacts. In this follow-up, the conditions were met in order to carry out a legal analysis on the topic, focused on Labor Law. This analysis has, as its central theme, the difference between the employment and service contract and the atypical employment relationships. However, it is inevitable to conclude that the current legal framework does not respond to all the problems analyzed throughout the present dissertation. Thus, we proceeded to the investigation of several suggestions, which may constitute responses to the digital challenge, that we currently live. The inevitable political choice in the regulation of work, provided through online platforms, will have an incalculable social and economic impact, risking to contribute to the end of these recent business models, or to the implementation of improved models, that allow an immeasurable workforce, to have the possibility of obtaining income, or increase the income already earned, while enjoying working conditions, access to social protection and collective bargaining.
Almeida, Inês Sofia Arrábida. "As plataformas online de mediação de serviços criativos em Portugal: caso de estudo do ProKubo." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/12807.
The exponential growth of new media has changed the daily lives of individuals. The labour spectrum has also undergone significant changes, and in the cultural and creative industries the internet rises as an alternative way to mediate labour relations and to promote visibility. On the last decades online platforms have emerged to allow creatives to expose their work and to achieve a closer relationship with their clients. The master dissertation focuses mainly on the perception of the Portuguese creatives on the success of online platforms. In order to achieve significant results, the Portuguese platform ProKubo was selected as empirical object of study. The dissertation aims to understand the platform's effectiveness in reducing precariousness and promotion of meritocracy, with the starting question: "What is the overall satisfaction of the members of ProKubo". Through the data we understand that the rate of professionals who answered the inquiry and still have not yet made a project is around 75% of the respondents. Thus, after a year of the ProKubo, the overall satisfaction of its users is 4, 5 on a scale from 1 to 10, which makes clear the need to develop strategies to address the issues related to the creative experience, particularly with regard to development projects and reducing precariousness. This study also allowed us to perceive the profile of the Portuguese creatives and their working conditions.
Šindlauerová, Marta. "Hudební online žurnalismus: weby iReport a Musicserver a uplatňování teoretických konceptů žurnalistiky." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392973.