Статті в журналах: "OneHealth"

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Shomaker, Sam. "OneHealth." Academic Medicine 90, no. 7 (July 2015): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000000441.

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Asaaga, Festus A., Juliette C. Young, Prashanth N. Srinivas, Tanya Seshadri, Meera A. Oommen, Mujeeb Rahman, Shivani K. Kiran, et al. "Co-production of knowledge as part of a OneHealth approach to better control zoonotic diseases." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 3 (March 24, 2022): e0000075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000075.

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There is increased global and national attention on the need for effective strategies to control zoonotic diseases. Quick, effective action is, however, hampered by poor evidence-bases and limited coordination between stakeholders from relevant sectors such as public and animal health, wildlife and forestry sectors at different scales, who may not usually work together. The OneHealth approach recognises the value of cross-sectoral evaluation of human, animal and environmental health questions in an integrated, holistic and transdisciplinary manner to reduce disease impacts and/or mitigate risks. Co-production of knowledge is also widely advocated to improve the quality and acceptability of decision-making across sectors and may be particularly important when it comes to zoonoses. This paper brings together OneHealth and knowledge co-production and reflects on lessons learned for future OneHealth co-production processes by describing a process implemented to understand spill-over and identify disease control and mitigation strategies for a zoonotic disease in Southern India (Kyasanur Forest Disease). The co-production process aimed to develop a joint decision-support tool with stakeholders, and we complemented our approach with a simple retrospective theory of change on researcher expectations of the system-level outcomes of the co-production process. Our results highlight that while co-production in OneHealth is a difficult and resource intensive process, requiring regular iterative adjustments and flexibility, the beneficial outcomes justify its adoption. A key future aim should be to improve and evaluate the degree of inter-sectoral collaboration required to achieve the aims of OneHealth. We conclude by providing guidelines based on our experience to help funders and decision-makers support future co-production processes.

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3

Verweij, Marcel, and Bernice Bovenkerk. "Ethical Promises and Pitfalls of OneHealth." Public Health Ethics 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phw003.

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Cantelmo, Catherine Barker, Momoe Takeuchi, Karin Stenberg, Lo Veasnakiry, Ros Chhun Eang, Mo Mai, and Eijiro Murakoshi. "Estimating health plan costs with the OneHealth tool, Cambodia." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 96, no. 7 (June 4, 2018): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.17.203737.

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Vanderburg, Sky, Matthew P. Rubach, Jo E. B. Halliday, Sarah Cleaveland, Elizabeth A. Reddy, and John A. Crump. "Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Africa: A OneHealth Systematic Review." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8, no. 4 (April 10, 2014): e2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002787.

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6

Joshi, Rajashree, Poonam Patil, Utkarsh Ghate, Sandip Yadav, D. P. Raturi, Rishita Rawat, Avinash Deo, and V. Viswadev. "Waterborne Zoonotic Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance: Indian Policy and Onehealth Approach." International Journal of Pathogen Research 13, no. 4 (August 8, 2024): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2024/v13i4302.

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Waterborne zoonotic diseases such as Diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, Brucellosis cause heavy loss to the livestock farmers and cause growing health risk to the citizens and economy as exemplified by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The global Onehealth initiative aims to map and reduce the risk of zoonotic i.e. animal borne microbial diseases through an integrated approach to the human & livestock health. Preventive strategies such as water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are vital and even herbal medicines can address the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), due to the overuse of the antibiotics. We studied such integrated approach in the India focussed on 2 bacterial pathogens- Escherichia coli & Salmonella enterica, causing diarrhoea and gastroenteritis respectively at Pune city and in Dehradun District, Uttarakhand state. Our study using stakeholder consultations and literature survey indicated that (a) India has established draft national Onehealth mission, and is gearing up to meet the challenge, including initiatives such as by the Kerala state, (b) surveillance mechanism needs to be improved especially animal and water testing, reporting and tracking, in the less developed states such as in the Himalayas or central and eastern Indian forests, (c) public awareness campaign on WASH and AMR is needed for enhanced biosecurity as is observed at Pune, (d) Ministry of Jal Shakti (Water power), Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (UREDA) and Central Water Resource Ministry and biogas scheme/ non renewable energy department needs to be involved in livestock waste reuse for circular economy and reduce contamination risk.

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7

Schmeller, Dirk S. "Conservation biology meets medical science." Nature Conservation 46 (February 1, 2022): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.46.79204.

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In my letter I refer to publications around syndemics, and link them up to other health concepts, calling for a stronger link between medical, social and environmental sciences to advance the global management of pandemic threats. Calling for close collaboration of ecological and conservation sciences with medical sciences is very timely. This letter will raise awareness that concepts like EcoHealth, OneHealth and medical terms such as Syndemics are largely overlapping and that only a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach will move our understanding forward on the inextricable link of human health and environmental health.

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8

Fucic, Alekandra, Alberto Mantovani, and Gavin W. ten Tusscher. "Immuno-Hormonal, Genetic and Metabolic Profiling of Newborns as a Basis for the Life-Long OneHealth Medical Record: A Scoping Review." Medicina 57, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57040382.

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Holistic and life-long medical surveillance is the core of personalised medicine and supports an optimal implementation of both preventive and curative healthcare. Personal medical records are only partially unified by hospital or general practitioner informatics systems, but only for citizens with long-term permanent residence. Otherwise, insight into the medical history of patients greatly depends on their medical archive and memory. Additionally, occupational exposure records are not combined with clinical or general practitioner records. Environmental exposure starts preconceptionally and continues during pregnancy by transplacental exposure. Antenatal exposure is partially dependent on parental lifestyle, residence and occupation. Newborn screening (NBS) is currently being performed in developed countries and includes testing for rare genetic, hormone-related, and metabolic conditions. Transplacental exposure to substances such as endocrine disruptors, air pollutants and drugs may have life-long health consequences. However, despite the recognised impact of transplacental exposure on the increased risk of metabolic syndrome, neurobehavioral disorders as well as immunodisturbances including allergy and infertility, not a single test within NBS is geared toward detecting biomarkers of exposure (xenobiotics or their metabolites, nutrients) or effect such as oestradiol, testosterone and cytokines, known for being associated with various health risks and disturbed by transplacental xenobiotic exposures. The outcomes of ongoing exposome projects might be exploited to this purpose. Developing and using a OneHealth Medical Record (OneHealthMR) may allow the incorporated chip to harvest information from different sources, with high integration added value for health prevention and care: environmental exposures, occupational health records as well as diagnostics of chronic diseases, allergies and medication usages, from birth and throughout life. Such a concept may present legal and ethical issues pertaining to personal data protection, requiring no significant investments and exploits available technologies and algorithms, putting emphasis on the prevention and integration of environmental exposure and health data.

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9

Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine, Estefany Rivera-Casas, Emilly Moreno-Ramos, Joshuan J. Barboza, Luis Andres Salas-Matta, and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales. "Mapping bovine Brucellosis in Colombia with geographical information systems, 2009–2019 – Implications for OneHealth." New Microbes and New Infections 56 (January 2024): 101197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101197.

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10

Kleczkowski, Adam, Andy Hoyle, and Paul McMenemy. "One model to rule them all? Modelling approaches across OneHealth for human, animal and plant epidemics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1775 (May 6, 2019): 20180255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0255.

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One hundred years after the 1918 influenza outbreak, are we ready for the next pandemic? This paper addresses the need to identify and develop collaborative, interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral approaches to modelling of infectious diseases including the fields of not only human and veterinary medicine, but also plant epidemiology. Firstly, the paper explains the concepts on which the most common epidemiological modelling approaches are based, namely the division of a host population into susceptible, infected and removed (SIR) classes and the proportionality of the infection rate to the size of the susceptible and infected populations. It then demonstrates how these simple concepts have been developed into a vast and successful modelling framework that has been used in predicting and controlling disease outbreaks for over 100 years. Secondly, it considers the compartmental models based on the SIR paradigm within the broader concept of a ‘disease tetrahedron’ (comprising host, pathogen, environment and man) and uses it to review the similarities and differences among the fields comprising the ‘OneHealth’ approach. Finally, the paper advocates interactions between all fields and explores the future challenges facing modellers. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’.

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11

Chisholm, D., M. Heslin, S. Docrat, S. Nanda, R. Shidhaye, N. Upadhaya, M. Jordans, et al. "Scaling-up services for psychosis, depression and epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia: development and application of a mental health systems planning tool (OneHealth)." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26, no. 3 (September 19, 2016): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000408.

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Background.Although financing represents a critical component of health system strengthening and also a defining concern of efforts to move towards universal health coverage, many countries lack the tools and capacity to plan effectively for service scale-up. As part of a multi-country collaborative study (the Emerald project), we set out to develop, test and apply a fully integrated health systems resource planning and health impact tool for mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders.Methods.A new module of the existing UN strategic planning OneHealth Tool was developed, which identifies health system resources required to scale-up a range of specified interventions for MNS disorders and also projects expected health gains at the population level. We conducted local capacity-building in its use, as well as stakeholder consultations, then tested and calibrated all model parameters, and applied the tool to three priority mental and neurological disorders (psychosis, depression and epilepsy) in six low- and middle-income countries.Results.Resource needs for scaling-up mental health services to reach desired coverage goals are substantial compared with the current allocation of resources in the six represented countries but are not large in absolute terms. In four of the Emerald study countries (Ethiopia, India, Nepal and Uganda), the cost of delivering key interventions for psychosis, depression and epilepsy at existing treatment coverage is estimated at US$ 0.06–0.33 per capita of total population per year (in Nigeria and South Africa it is US$ 1.36–1.92). By comparison, the projected cost per capita at target levels of coverage approaches US$ 5 per capita in Nigeria and South Africa, and ranges from US$ 0.14–1.27 in the other four countries. Implementation of such a package of care at target levels of coverage is expected to yield between 291 and 947 healthy life years per one million populations, which represents a substantial health gain for the currently neglected and underserved sub-populations suffering from psychosis, depression and epilepsy.Conclusions.This newly developed and validated module of OneHealth tool can be used, especially within the context of integrated health planning at the national level, to generate contextualised estimates of the resource needs, costs and health impacts of scaled-up mental health service delivery.

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12

Oberstaller, Jenna, Swamy Rakesh Adapa, Guy W. Dayhoff II, Justin Gibbons, Thomas E. Keller, Chang Li, Jean Lim, et al. "Uncovering host-microbiome interactions in global systems with collaborative programming: a novel approach integrating social and data sciences." F1000Research 9 (December 17, 2020): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26459.1.

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Microbiome data are undergoing exponential growth powered by rapid technological advancement. As the scope and depth of microbiome research increases, cross-disciplinary research is urgently needed for interpreting and harnessing the unprecedented data output. However, conventional research settings pose challenges to much-needed interdisciplinary research efforts due to barriers in scientific terminologies, methodology and research-culture. To breach these barriers, our University of South Florida OneHealth Codeathon was designed to be an interactive, hands-on event that solves real-world data problems. The format brought together students, postdocs, faculty, researchers, and clinicians in a uniquely cross-disciplinary, team-focused setting. Teams were formed to encourage equitable distribution of diverse domain-experts and proficient programmers, with beginners to experts on each team. To unify the intellectual framework, we set the focus on the topics of microbiome interactions at different scales from clinical to environmental sciences, leveraging local expertise in the fields of genetics, genomics, clinical data, and social and geospatial sciences. As a result, teams developed working methods and pipelines to face major challenges in current microbiome research, including data integration, experimental power calculations, geospatial mapping, and machine-learning classifiers. This broad, transdisciplinary and efficient workflow will be an example for future workshops to deliver useful data-science products.

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13

Wong, John Q., Nel Jason Haw, Jhanna Uy, and Diana Beatriz Bayani. "Reflections on the use of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) OneHealth Tool: Implications for health planning in low and middle income countries (LMICs)." F1000Research 7 (February 7, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13824.1.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the OneHealth Tool (OHT) to help low and middle income countries to develop their capacities for sector-wide priority setting. In 2016, we sought to use the OHT to aid the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC), the national health insurer of the Philippines, in decisions to expand benefit packages using cost-effectiveness analyses. With technical support from the WHO, we convened health planning officers from the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) and the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC) conduct generalized cost-effective analyses (GCEA) of selected un-financed noncommunicable disease interventions using OHT. We collected epidemiological and cost data through health facility surveys, review of literature such as cost libraries and clinical practice guidelines, and expert consultations. Although we were unable to use GCEA results directly to set policy, we learnt important policy lessons which we outline here that might help inform other countries looking to inform service coverage decisions. Additionally, the entire process and GCEA visualizations helped high-level policymakers in the health sector, who have traditionally relied on ad hoc decision making, to realize the need for a systematic and transparent priority-setting process that can continuously provide the evidence needed to inform service coverage decisions.

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Wong, John Q., Nel Jason Haw, Jhanna Uy, and Diana Beatriz Bayani. "Reflections on the use of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) OneHealth Tool: Implications for health planning in low and middle income countries (LMICs)." F1000Research 7 (March 5, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13824.2.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the OneHealth Tool (OHT) to help low and middle income countries to develop their capacities for sector-wide priority setting. In 2016, we sought to use the OHT to aid the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC), the national health insurer of the Philippines, in decisions to expand benefit packages using cost-effectiveness analyses. With technical support from the WHO, we convened health planning officers from the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) and the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC) conduct generalized cost-effective analyses (GCEA) of selected un-financed noncommunicable disease interventions using OHT. We collected epidemiological and cost data through health facility surveys, review of literature such as cost libraries and clinical practice guidelines, and expert consultations. Although we were unable to use GCEA results directly to set policy, we learnt important policy lessons which we outline here that might help inform other countries looking to inform service coverage decisions. Additionally, the entire process and GCEA visualizations helped high-level policymakers in the health sector, who have traditionally relied on ad hoc decision making, to realize the need for a systematic and transparent priority-setting process that can continuously provide the evidence needed to inform service coverage decisions.

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15

Howard-Jones, Annaleise R., David Pham, Neisha Jeoffreys, John-Sebastian Eden, Linda Hueston, Alison M. Kesson, Vanathi Nagendra, et al. "Emerging Genotype IV Japanese Encephalitis Virus Outbreak in New South Wales, Australia." Viruses 14, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091853.

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The detection of a new and unexpected Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) outbreak in March 2022 in Australia, where JEV is not endemic, demanded the rapid development of a robust diagnostic framework to facilitate the testing of suspected patients across the state of New South Wales (NSW). This nascent but comprehensive JEV diagnostic service encompassed serological, molecular and metagenomics testing within a centralised reference laboratory. Over the first three months of the outbreak (4 March 2022 to 31 May 2022), 1,061 prospective samples were received from 878 NSW residents for JEV testing. Twelve confirmed cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) were identified, including ten cases diagnosed by serology alone, one case by metagenomic next generation sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of brain tissue and serology, and one case by RT-PCR of cerebrospinal fluid, providing an incidence of JE over this period of 0.15/100,000 persons in NSW. As encephalitis manifests in <1% of cases of JEV infection, the population-wide prevalence of JEV infection is likely to be substantially higher. Close collaboration with referring laboratories and clinicians was pivotal to establishing successful JEV case ascertainment for this new outbreak. Sustained and coordinated animal, human and environmental surveillance within a OneHealth framework is critical to monitor the evolution of the current outbreak, understand its origins and optimise preparedness for future JEV and arbovirus outbreaks.

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Dimopoulou, Anastasia, Ioannis Theologidis, Adamantia Varympopi, Dimitris Papafotis, Glykeria Mermigka, Aliki Tzima, Nick J. Panopoulos, and Nicholas Skandalis. "Shifting Perspectives of Translational Research in Bio-Bactericides: Reviewing the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Paradigm." Biology 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10111202.

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Bacterial biological control agents (BCAs) have been increasingly used against plant diseases. The traditional approach to manufacturing such commercial products was based on the selection of bacterial species able to produce secondary metabolites that inhibit mainly fungal growth in optimal media. Such species are required to be massively produced and sustain long-term self-storage. The endpoint of this pipeline is large-scale field tests in which BCAs are handled as any other pesticide. Despite recent knowledge of the importance of BCA-host-microbiome interactions to trigger plant defenses and allow colonization, holistic approaches to maximize their potential are still in their infancy. There is a gap in scientific knowledge between experiments in controlled conditions for optimal BCA and pathogen growth and the nutrient-limited field conditions in which they face niche microbiota competition. Moreover, BCAs are considered to be safe by competent authorities and the public, with no side effects to the environment; the OneHealth impact of their application is understudied. This review summarizes the state of the art in BCA research and how current knowledge and new biotechnological tools have impacted BCA development and application. Future challenges, such as their combinational use and ability to ameliorate plant stress are also discussed. Addressing such challenges would establish their long-term use as centerfold agricultural pesticides and plant growth promoters.

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Banu, Regina, Jorge Alvarez, Anthony Reid, Wendemagegn Enbiale, Appiah-Korang Labi, Ebenezer Ansa, Edith Annan, et al. "Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Escherichia coli in River Waters Collected from Two Cities in Ghana, 2018–2020." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020105.

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Infections by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) are on the increase in Ghana, but the level of environmental contamination with this organism, which may contribute to growing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), is unknown. Using the WHO OneHealth Tricycle Protocol, we investigated the contamination of E. coli (Ec) and ESBL-Ec in two rivers in Ghana (Odaw in Accra and Okurudu in Kasoa) that receive effluents from human and animal wastewater hotspots over a 12-month period. Concentrations of Ec, ESBL-Ec and percent ESBL-Ec/Ec were determined per 100 mL sample. Of 96 samples, 94 (98%) were positive for ESBL-Ec. concentrations per 100 mL (MCs100) of ESBL-Ec and %ESBL-Ec from both rivers were 4.2 × 104 (IQR, 3.1 × 103–2.3 × 105) and 2.79 (IQR, 0.96–6.03), respectively. MCs100 were significantly lower in upstream waters: 1.8 × 104 (IQR, 9.0 × 103–3.9 × 104) as compared to downstream waters: 1.9 × 106 (IQR, 3.7 × 105–5.4 × 106). Both human and animal wastewater effluents contributed to the increased contamination downstream. This study revealed high levels of ESBL-Ec in rivers flowing through two cities in Ghana. There is a need to manage the sources of contamination as they may contribute to the acquisition and spread of ESBL-Ec in humans and animals, thereby contributing to AMR.

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Naik, Shambhavi, Shyamala T, and Varsha Shridhar. "Wastewater Surveillance for Disease Epidemiology." Indian Public Policy Review 4, no. 6 (Nov-Dec) (December 4, 2023): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55763/ippr.2023.04.06.003.

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Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance (WBE) showed the potential to become a pivotal public health tool for measuring community disease burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries used WBE as part of their national disease surveillance to inform on the optimal deployment of public health measures. In India, civil society groups, research institutions, and private companies across various urban areas also demonstrated the utility of WBE in assessing community burden. While the European Union has recently begun to craft policies for the integration of WBE into a global surveillance network, many countries (including India) do not have a national policy to enable such integration. This paper argues for a national wastewater surveillance system for India, covering community-level assessment of various public health threats, along with integration of data from urban marginalised populations, to promote health equity and facilitate OneHealth-based thinking of disease emergence and spread. The paper outlines WBE efforts around the world, highlights its advantages as a cost-effective tool to supplement rather than supplant existing frameworks, and makes a case for its implementation in India, along with recommendations for next steps towards such implementation. The effective use of WBE should help India identify areas of emerging health threats, prepare for future infectious disease outbreaks, and allocate resources according to population requirements.

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Satyanarayana, Srinath, Carel Pretorius, Avinash Kanchar, Ines Garcia Baena, Saskia Den Boon, Cecily Miller, Matteo Zignol, Tereza Kasaeva, and Dennis Falzon. "Scaling Up TB Screening and TB Preventive Treatment Globally: Key Actions and Healthcare Service Costs." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8040214.

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The 2018 United Nations High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis (UNHLM) set targets for case detection and TB preventive treatment (TPT) by 2022. However, by the start of 2022, about 13.7 million TB patients still needed to be detected and treated, and 21.8 million household contacts needed to be given TPT globally. To inform future target setting, we examined how the 2018 UNHLM targets could have been achieved using WHO-recommended interventions for TB detection and TPT in 33 high-TB burden countries in the final year of the period covered by the UNHLM targets. We used OneHealth-TIME model outputs combined with the unit cost of interventions to derive the total costs of health services. Our model estimated that, in order to achieve UNHLM targets, >45 million people attending health facilities with symptoms would have needed to be evaluated for TB. An additional 23.1 million people with HIV, 19.4 million household TB contacts, and 303 million individuals from high-risk groups would have required systematic screening for TB. The estimated total costs amounted to ~USD 6.7 billion, of which ~15% was required for passive case finding, ~10% for screening people with HIV, ~4% for screening household contacts, ~65% for screening other risk groups, and ~6% for providing TPT to household contacts. Significant mobilization of additional domestic and international investments in TB healthcare services will be needed to reach such targets in the future.

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Hasan, Md Zahid, Sayem Ahmed, Zeenat Islam, Farzana Dorin, Md Golam Rabbani, Gazi Golam Mehdi, Mohammad Wahid Ahmed, Tazeen Tahsina, Shehrin Shaila Mahmood, and Ziaul Islam. "Costs of services and funding gap of the Bangladesh National Tuberculosis Control Programme 2016–2022: An ingredient based approach." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 2, 2023): e0286560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286560.

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Background Bangladesh National Tuberculosis (TB) Control Programme (NTP) has deployed improved diagnostic technologies which may drive up the programme costs. We aimed to estimate the supply-side costs associated with the delivery of the NTP and the funding gap between the cost of implementation and available funding for the Bangladesh NTP. Methods An ingredient-based costing approach was applied using WHO’s OneHealth Tool software. We considered 2016, as the base year and projected cost estimates up to 2022 using information on NTP planned activities. Data were collected through consultative meetings with experts and officials/managers, review of documents and databases, and visits to five purposively selected TB healthcare facilities. The estimated costs were compared with the funds allocated to the NTP between 2018 and 2022 to estimate the funding gap. Findings The estimated total cost of NTP was US$ 49.22 million in 2016, which would increase to US$ 146.93 million in 2022. Human resources (41.1%) and medicines and investigations/ supplies (38.0%) were the major two cost components. Unit costs were highest for treating extensively drug-resistant TB at US$ 7,422.4 in 2016. Between 2018–2022, NTP would incur US$ 536.8 million, which is US$ 235.18 million higher than the current allocation for NTP. Conclusion Our results indicated a funding gap associated with the NTP in each of the years between 2018–2022. Policy planners should advocate for additional funding to ensure smooth delivery of TB services in the upcoming years. The cost estimates of TB services can also be used for planning and budgeting for delivering TB services in similar country contexts.

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Haw, Nel Jason, John Wong, Abigail Lim, and Stephanie Anne Co. "PD36 Scoping Of Interventions Of The Philippines' Most Burdensome Diseases." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318003070.

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Introduction:In 2016, Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data was used to identify the top twenty percent of disease causes in the Philippines, which happened to account for eighty percent of the burden, following the Pareto principle. This study follows from that initial work, aimed at creating a list of cost-effective interventions recommended for priority-setting to achieve universal health coverage (UHC).Methods:A comprehensive literature review search was done, from global sources such as the Disease Control Priorities (DCP) for Developing Countries Project and World Health Organization's (WHO) Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective (CHOICE), and local sources such as clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Forty-seven local experts from thirty-eight medical societies were also consulted on the applicability, appropriateness, adaptability, feasibility of implementation, ability to maintain fidelity, ease of dissemination, and sustainability of selected interventions in the Philippine setting. Resource requirements were then derived using the WHO OneHealth Tool, CPGs, and key informant interviews.Results:A list of 745 interventions categorized by life stages and by level of intervention with estimates of cost-effectiveness was produced. From these, fifty seven percent had cost-effectiveness studies. Primary interventions were found to be the least costly for the pregnant women, newborn, infant, adolescents, adults, and elderly life stages, while tertiary interventions were found to be the least costly for children.Conclusions:The interventions are potential targets for inclusion by policymakers. Additional factors to consider include the appropriateness of the context in which the cost-effectiveness study was conducted, the feasibility of conducting primary HTA locally, the local costs of the intervention, and the need to act quickly before the policy window closes.

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Elmusharaf, Khalifa, Daniel Grafton, Johanna S. Jung, Emily Roberts, Yahya Al-Farsi, Ameera Ali Al Nooh, Buthaina Bin Belaila, et al. "The case for investing in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: an economic evaluation." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 6 (June 2022): e008670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008670.

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BackgroundWhile the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates) has surged over the past decades, the costs and return on investment (ROI) of implementing cost-effective, WHO-recommended NCD interventions have not been established.MethodsWe performed an economic analysis to estimate the ROI from scaling up four sets of NCD interventions over 15 years. We estimated the direct costs of the four main NCDs (cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases) using a prevalence-based, bottom-up cost-of-illness approach. We estimated indirect costs based on productivity loss due to absenteeism, presenteeism and premature deaths. We costed the scaling up of interventions using the WHO Costing Tool and assessed the health impact of interventions using the OneHealth Tool. We calculated ROI by comparing productivity and social benefits with the total costs of implementing the interventions.ResultsThe four main NCDs cost the GCC economy nearly US$50 billion in 2019, equal to 3.3% of its gross domestic product. The indirect costs are estimated at US$20 billion or 40% of the total burden. Implementing the four modelled intervention packages in the six GCC countries over 15 years will cost US$14 billion, with an ROI of US$4.9 for every US$1 invested and significant health and social benefits, including 290 000 averted premature deaths.ConclusionBased on the results of these six investment cases, we recommend actions to scale up current WHO-recommended cost-effective interventions, strengthen whole-of-government action, drive the NCD legislative agenda, build out the evidence base, generate additional advocacy material, and increase regional collaboration and data-sharing to establish best practices and monitor impact.

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KARMINA, R. L., A. F. KANEV, N. G. KURAKOVA, O. S. KOBYAKOVA, O. V. OBUKHOVA, and F. N. KADYROV. "INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR METHODOLOGICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT OF RESEARCH AIMED AT THE ASSESSMENT OF HEALTHCARE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY PROJECTS." Vrach I informacionnye tehnologii, no. 2 (2024): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25881/18110193_2024_2_12.

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Experts predict global health spending to reach $16.9 trillion by 2050. However, 20% to 40% of all resources invested could be lost due to various forms of project inefficiency. An analysis of the content of three key information resources offering methodological and instrumental support for research aimed at the assessment of the cost-effectiveness of projects implemented in national health care systems was carried out. The resources analyzed were the following: World Health Organization's Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective (WHO CHOICE), Guide to economic analysis and research (GEAR) and Disease control priorities (DCP). Each of the information resources provides unique, non-duplicate content that provides decisions making support based on data from assessment of the cost-effectiveness of projects and activities in the healthcare system. WHO-CHOICE uses a “generalized” approach to cost-effectiveness analysis, a standardized methodology that helps measuring the impact of health interventions and identifying priorities for further development. An interactive tool OneHealth, developed based on WHO-CHOICE, provides the ability to simulate a wide range of scenarios, strategies and their combinations. GEAR provides methodological support for cost-effectiveness assessment algorithms, including smart maps for decision-making, a database of practical guidelines and the opportunity to get an expert advice. The DCP provides access to an organized online collection of publications and generates a periodic review of the most relevant evidence on cost-effective interventions to address the burden of disease in the setting of scarce resources. It is concluded that the reviewed information resources effectively summarize international practices in analyzing the costeffectiveness of healthcare projects while still having a number of limitations for use in domestic research. The need to create our own accessible and regularly updated interactive tools for the economic assessment of medical interventions is substantiated, taking into account the national and regional characteristics of the functioning of the Russian Federation healthcare system.

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Alcalá-Albert, Gregorio Jesús, Jorge Guerrero-Martín, Raquel Macías-Montero, Miriam Leñero-Cirujano, and Marta Araujo-Blesa. "Bibliometric analysis of production on public health nursing: Evidence of specialization and crucial role in the future of the health systems." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 9 (September 3, 2024): 6288. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.6288.

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Background: In an increasingly globalized world, public health is a challenge in the future of health systems. Nursing is a fundamental profession in health systems and the purpose of the study is to quantify the scientific production in global public health carried out by nursing to demonstrate its competence, capacity and specialization in this subject. Methods: A bibliometric study was carried out to understand the scientific production of public health nursing in WoS. A total of 17,545 documents were analyzed using Bibliometrix software in version 4.0.5. Results: A notable increase in production is observed over time, a sign of specialization and capacity. The theme focuses on three stages: hygiene and sanitation, infectious diseases and quality, prevention and non-communicable diseases coinciding with the real social needs of each moment. Most of the production is in English and produced by countries with developed economies. Nursing is aligned with current public health needs. Conclusions: Bibliometrics is a good method to quantify scientific production. The results show extensive scientific production in public health nursing, which translates into extensive knowledge of public health by nursing. There is a growth in production in accordance with time as well as an adaptation to the most current themes in accordance with population needs. Public health is an area of concern to countries and nursing can actively participate in studies, planning and leadership of health systems. Public health nursing should not be considered relegated to medicine but independent and of crucial importance to the “Onehealth” concept. Public, private and educational administrations must promote and support nursing research in public health, and it is not advisable to reduce the teaching load of global public health in nursing studies, in favor of the family and community environment.

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Keen, Sarah, Hashina Begum, Howard S. Friedman, and Chris D. James. "Scaling up family planning in Sierra Leone: A prospective cost–benefit analysis." Women's Health 13, no. 3 (August 29, 2017): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745505717724617.

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Family planning is commonly regarded as a highly cost-effective health intervention with wider social and economic benefits. Yet use of family planning services in Sierra Leone is currently low and 25.0% of married women have an unmet need for contraception. This study aims to estimate the costs and benefits of scaling up family planning in Sierra Leone. Using the OneHealth Tool, two scenarios of scaling up family planning coverage to currently married women in Sierra Leone over 2013–2035 were assessed and compared to a ‘no-change’ counterfactual. Our costing included direct costs of drugs, supplies and personnel time, programme costs and a share of health facility overhead costs. To monetise the benefits, we projected the cost savings of the government providing five essential social services – primary education, child immunisation, malaria prevention, maternal health services and improved drinking water – in the scale-up scenarios compared to the counterfactual. The total population, estimated at 6.1 million in 2013, is projected to reach 8.3 million by 2035 in the high scenario compared to a counterfactual of 9.6 million. We estimate that by 2035, there will be 1400 fewer maternal deaths and 700 fewer infant deaths in the high scenario compared to the counterfactual. Our modelling suggests that total costs of the family planning programme in Sierra Leone will increase from US$4.2 million in 2013 to US$10.6 million a year by 2035 in the high scenario. For every dollar spent on family planning, Sierra Leone is estimated to save US$2.10 in expenditure on the five selected social sector services over the period. There is a strong investment case for scaling up family planning services in Sierra Leone. The ambitious scale-up scenarios have historical precedent in other sub-Saharan African countries, but the extent to which they will be achieved depends on a commitment from both the government and donors to strengthening Sierra Leone’s health system post-Ebola.

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Mwai, Daniel, Salim Hussein, Agatha Olago, Maureen Kimani, David Njuguna, Rose Njiraini, Elizabeth Wangia, Easter Olwanda, Lilian Mwaura, and Wesley Rotich. "Investment case for primary health care in low- and middle-income countries: A case study of Kenya." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 23, 2023): e0283156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283156.

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Background Primary healthcare (PHC) systems attain improved health outcomes and fairness and are affordable. However, the proportion of PHC spending to Total Current Health Expenditure in Kenya reduced from 63.4% in 2016/17 to 53.9% in 2020/21 while external funding reduced from 28.3% (Ksh 69.4 billion) to 23.9% (Ksh 68.2 billion) over the same period. This reduction in PHC spending negatively affects PHC performance and the overall health system goals. Methods We conducted a cost-benefit analysis and computed costs against the economic benefits of a PHC scale-up. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) on the provider perspective was employed to estimate the incremental costs. The OneHealth Tool was used to estimate the health impact of operationalizing PHC over five years. Finally, we quantified Return on Investment (ROI) by estimating monetized DALYs based on a constant value per statistical life year (VSLY) derived from a VSL estimate. Results The total projected cost of PHC interventions in the Kenya was Ksh 1.65 trillion (USD 15,581.91 billion). Human resource was the main cost driver accounting for 75% of the total cost. PHC investments avert 64,430,316 Disability Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) and generate cost savings of Ksh. 21.5 trillion (USD 204.4 Billion) over five years. Shifting services from high-level facilities to PHC facilities generates Ksh 198.2 billion (USD 1.9 billion) and yields a benefit-cost ratio of 16:1 in 5 years. Thus, every $1 invested in PHC interventions saves up to $16 in spending on conditions like stunting, NCDs, anaemia, TB, Malaria, and maternal and child health morbidity. Conclusions Evidence of the economic benefits of continued prioritization of funding for PHC can strengthen the advocacy argument for increased domestic and external financing of PHC in Kenya. A well-resourced and functional PHC system translates to substantial health benefits with positive economic benefits. Therefore, governments and stakeholders should increase investments in PHC to accelerate economic growth.

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Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine, S. Daniela Jimenez-Diaz, Joshuan J. Barboza, and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales. "Mapping the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Bovine Rabies in Colombia, 2005–2019." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7120406.

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Introduction: Rabies is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae, which can infect any mammal including humans. Hematophagous, fructivorous, and insectivorous bats have become the main reservoir of sylvatic rabies in Latin America. In the sylvatic cycle, hematophagous bats are usually the main reservoir. In contrast, dogs and cats fulfil this critical role in the urban cycle. However, in rural areas, the most affected animals are bovines. They show clinical signs such as behavioural changes, hypersalivation, muscle tremors, spasms caused by extensive damage to the central nervous system, and death from respiratory paralysis. Objective: To describe the spatiotemporal distribution of bovine rabies in Colombia from 2005 to 2019. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study, based on the monthly reports of the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) on the surveillance of bovine rabies in Colombia from 2005 to 2019, retrieved from its official website. The data were converted to databases in Microsoft Access 365®. Multiple epidemiological maps were developed with the GIS software Kosmo RC1® 3.0 coupled to the shape files (.shp) of all the country’s municipalities. Results: During the study period, 4888 cases of rabies were confirmed in cattle, ranging from a peak of 542 cases (11.1%) in 2014 to 43 in 2019 (0.88%). From 2014 to 2019, there has been a significant reduction in the annual national number of cases (r2 = 0.9509, p < 0.05). In 2019, 32.6% of the cases occurred in January, and 48.8% occurred in the department of Sucre. In 2009, the maximum number of spatial clusters (13) occurred in the Orinoquia region, where other clusters were also identified in 2005, 2006 and 2008. In 2018, 98 outbreaks were identified that led to the death of cattle and other animals, 28.6% of them in the department of Sucre. In the first half of 2019, of 38 outbreaks, 55.2% were identified in Sucre. Conclusions: It is necessary to review the current national program for the prevention and control of rabies in cattle, incorporating concepts from the ecology of bats, as well as the prediction of contagion waves of geographical and temporal spread in the context of the OneHealth Approach. Sylvatic rabies remains a threat in Colombia that requires further study.

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Nugroho, Trias Aprilianto, and Herni Justiana Astuti. "ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEKUATAN IKLAN HONDA VERSI ONEHEART TERHADAP KEKUATAN RESPONS KONSUMEN BERDASARKAN METODE CUSTOMER RESPONSE STRENGTH." Media Ekonomi 14, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/medek.v14i1.1301.

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This study aims to analyze the correlation the strength of the advertisement Honda One Heart version with the strength of consumer respons student of University Muhammadiyah Purwokerto based by Customer Response Strength (CRS) Methods. Customer Response Strength (CRS) Methods was the one of the measurement methods of the consumer respons to advertisement.The strength of consumer’s respons to the advertisement was measured a phase the AIDCA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Conviction an Action) consumer towards the presentation of the advertising. Whereas the strength of the advertisement by a phase of frequency of the consumer saw the advertisement and the consumer’s response on the attraction of the advertisement. The result of the research that indicate a correlation the strength of the advertisement Honda One Heart version with the strength of customer respons at 100 repondents in category strength enough.This is evidenced from value of 0,51 calculated r in interval 0,41 to 0,60. Whit the result that Honda need to more a considered to for over a frequence in marketing product so that a consumers response toward a brand of Honda gain strength. Key words: A Strength of Advertisement, A Strength of Consumer Respons, and AIDCA(Attention, Interest, Desire, Conviction and Action)

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Jutla, Antarpreet, Gabriel Filippelli, Katherine McMahon, Susannah Tringe, Rita Colwell, Helen Nguyen, and Michael Imperiale. "OneHealth, Climate Change, and Infectious Microbes." Eos, January 31, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2024eo219640.

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Dunislawska, Aleksandra, Elżbieta Pietrzak, Aleksandra Bełdowska, and Maria Siwek. "Health in poultry- immunity and microbiome with regard to a concept of one health." Physical Sciences Reviews, October 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2021-0124.

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Abstract The overall concept of OneHealth focuses on health and infectious disease in the context of the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment. In poultry production, there are many opportunities to implement OneHealth by organizing work and introducing appropriate engineering solutions. It is recommended that future research directions include designing and testing solutions to improve air quality and the elimination of antibiotics in the poultry industry. For this to be possible, it is essential to understand the indigenous microbiota of poultry, which plays a crucial role in nutrients, but also restricts the growth of pathogenic organisms. In poultry production, the most important thing is disease control in the herd, high product quality, and product efficiency. Food safety is key for consumers, as some zoonoses are transmitted through the food chain. Moreover, antibiotic resistance of bacteria is becoming a growing threat. For this reason, it is essential to maintain the proper immune status in the herd. Virus disease control in poultry is based on vaccination programs and the maintenance of biosecurity. This chapter aims to present the current state of knowledge in the field of immunity and microbiome of poultry in the context of the OneHealth concept.

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Keune, Hans, Lucette Flandroy, Séverine Thys, Nick De Regge, Marcella Mori, Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux, Maarten P. M. Vanhove, et al. "The need for European OneHealth/EcoHealth networks." Archives of Public Health 75, no. 1 (October 26, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13690-017-0232-6.

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Regan, Áine, Sharon Sweeney, Claire McKernan, Tony Benson, John Hyland, and Moira Dean. "The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Food Consumers' Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance, OneHealth, and Animal Welfare Information on Food Labels." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8 (June 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.678509.

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Covid-19 is a OneHealth crisis with far-reaching and unexpected impacts on many aspects of society. Previous OneHealth issues, such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), have not received a similar level of attention or action from the public despite representing significant public health and economic threats to society. The current study aimed to explore whether the Covid-19 pandemic may act as a catalyst to increase public awareness related to OneHealth issues, in particular, AMR. This short paper presents overview findings from a survey carried out in September 2020 with a representative sample of food consumers on the island of Ireland (n = 972). The survey revealed Covid-19 had increased awareness of AMR amongst 47% of respondents; increased awareness of connected animal and human health amongst 43% of respondents; and increased awareness of animal welfare information on food labels amongst 34% of respondents. A cluster analysis revealed five distinct consumer segments impacted differently by Covid-19. These segments differed in their levels of objective and subjective knowledge of antibiotic use practises in farming, AMR risk perception, and attributions of responsibility for action on AMR. Findings are discussed with respect to future efforts by the agri-food sector to communicate with the public about AMR and responsible antibiotic use in farming, with particular emphasis on the implications for strategies that incorporate front-of-pack labelling.

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Mariappan, Vanitha, Kumutha Malar Vellasamy, Nor Alia Mohamad, Sreeramanan Subramaniam, and Jamuna Vadivelu. "OneHealth Approaches Contribute Towards Antimicrobial Resistance: Malaysian Perspective." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (October 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.718774.

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On a global scale, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as a One Health challenge due to the continual and increased development and distribution of resistant microbes and genes among humans, animals, and the environment. These sectors contribute to the increase in AMR, as antibiotics are widely used in healthcare to treat or prevent bacterial infection; as growth enhancers, therapeutics and metaphylactics in animal husbandry; and transmitted in the environment through irrigation using wastewater or inappropriate disposal and treatment of human and agricultural waste. However, there is a major drawback in terms of the lack of research assessing the coexistence of AMR in these sectors. Extensive research highlighted food–animal manufacture structures that are likely to harbor reservoirs or promote transmission of AMR, in addition to increasing human colonization with AMR commensal bacteria. Numerous antibiotic stewardship policies have been designed and implemented in medical practices and animal husbandry in high- and middle-income countries. However, research concentrating on high-income settings, attitudes, emotions, and beliefs on the utilization of antimicrobials remain underexplored in lower- and middle-income countries such as Malaysia. Microbiological, epidemiological, and social science exploration are required at community and farming across the One Health range to fill huge gaps in information and knowledge of AMR. Manipulating human activities and character associated with antibiotics is a multifaceted progression that includes elements like knowledge, social behavior, attitudes, approaches, social standards, socioeconomic settings, peer pressure, experiences, and biophysical environment. Therefore, understanding these aspects in the utilization of antimicrobial drugs among the different sectors is essential to develop and implement policies to curb AMR development and transmission that overarch all sectors within the One Health consortium in Malaysia.

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"Grüne Wahltarife." Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik 77, no. 4-5 (2023): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1611-5821-2023-4-5-71.

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Die gelingende Dekarbonisierung des Gesundheitswesens stellt eine der zentralen gesundheitswissenschaftlichen Herausforderungen der Gegenwart dar. Sollen die ehrgeizigen Klimaziele erreicht werden, scheint es – gerade in Zeiten klammer Kassen – notwendig, für die Kostenträger zusätzliche Einnahmequellen zu erschließen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher für die sozialrechtliche Implementierung Grüner Wahltarife plädiert und ein möglicher – im Einklang mit dem aktuellen OneHealth-Diskurs stehender – Gestaltungsrahmen entworfen und diskutiert.

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Wilfert, Lena, Mark J. F. Brown, and Vincent Doublet. "OneHealth implications of infectious diseases of wild and managed bees." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, November 2020, 107506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2020.107506.

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Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine, Julian Ruiz-Saenz, Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez, Wilmer Villamil-Gomez, Hugo Mantilla-Meluk, German Arrieta, Darwin A. León-Figueroa, et al. "Zero by 2030 and OneHealth: The multidisciplinary challenges of rabies control and elimination." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, November 2022, 102509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102509.

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Regan, Áine, Alison Burrell, Claire McKernan, Hannah Martin, Tony Benson, Conor McAloon, Edgar Garcia Manzanilla, and Moira Dean. "Behaviour change interventions for responsible antimicrobial use on farms." Irish Veterinary Journal 76, no. 1 (April 3, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13620-023-00236-x.

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Abstract Background In the coming years, major governance changes in the form of policy directives and regulations will catalyse major top-down change with respect to animal health on European farms in an effort to combat the OneHealth threat of antimicrobial resistance. This top-down approach must be met with bottom-up strategies to ensure target actors (namely, farmers and vets) are supported and motivated to change their practices, thus, avoiding unintended consequences of forced change. Although much behavioural research has explored the factors influencing antimicrobial practices on farms, a gap exists translating these findings into evidence-based behaviour change interventions that can be put into practice. The current study aims to fill this gap. It provides insights into identifying, understanding, and changing the behaviours of farmers and veterinarians with respect to the responsible use of antimicrobials in farming. Results Through an inter-disciplinary and multi-actor approach, the study combines scientific knowledge from the behavioural sciences and animal health sciences, coupled with tacit knowledge from a co-design, participatory approach to recommend seven behaviour change interventions that can help to support good practices amongst farmers and vets, with respect to animal health, and reduce the use of antimicrobials on farms. The behaviour change interventions include message framing; OneHealth awareness campaign; specialised communications training; on-farm visual prompts and tools; social support strategies (for both farmers and vets); and antimicrobial use monitoring. The study details each intervention with respect to their evidence base and scientific concept, grounded in behavioural science, along with stakeholder feedback on design and delivery of the interventions. Conclusions These behaviour change interventions can be taken, adapted, and put into practice by the agri-food community to support good animal health practices and responsible antimicrobial use on farms.

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"Covid-19 Declines: The Implications for the End of the Pandemic." Archives of Health Science, January 3, 2022, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2022-6(1)-004.

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The memories of COVID-19 amid conspiracy theories have come to stay. The unprecedented impact of the pandemic in all facets of life cannot be overemphasized, although the rapid response from all sectors and experts have yielded a commensurate decline in COVID-19 outbreak thereby bringing about a bounce-back in all sectors. This review positively implicated some keys areas of human endeavor as COVID-19 pandemic threats gradually fades away based on vaccine discovery and ongoing vaccine administration as well as the perceptions and considerations by the general public to vaccine. Going forward is the need for a robust OneHealth approach for the well-being of everyone in all facets of life.

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"Supplementary Material SM 1-7." GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.32.1.8.suppl.

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SM 1 FATE: CapEx Learning Case Series Feminisation, agricultural transition and rural employment (FATE) SM 2 FoodSAF: CapEx Learning Case Series Towards Food Sustainability: Reshaping the Coexistence of Different Food Systems in South America and Africa – FoodSAF SM 3 HIA4SD: Health impact assessment for engaging natural resource extraction projects in sustainable development in producer regions – HIA4SD SM 4 OneHealth: Surveillance and response to zoonotic diseases in Maya communities of Guatemala: A case for One Health SM 5 Woody Weeds: Woody invasive alien species in Eastern Africa – Woody Weeds SM 6: Text analysis CapEx SM 7: Characterization of the system boundaries of the complex adaptive systems in the learning cases

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Nansikombi, Hildah Tendo, Jane Frances Zalwango, Alex Ndyabakira, Benon Kwesiga, Lilian Bulage, Alex Riolexus Ario, Julie R. Harris, Irene Byakatonda Kyamwine, Dan Tumusiime, and Fred Monje. "The Importance of a OneHealth Approach in Preventing Human Rift Valley Fever Infections in Uganda." IJID One Health, July 2024, 100034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100034.

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Naguib, Mahmoud M., Annika Graaf, Andrea Fortin, Christine Luttermann, Ulrich Wernery, Nadim Amarin, Hussein A. Hussein, et al. "Novel real-time PCR-based patho- and phylotyping of potentially zoonotic avian influenza A subtype H5 viruses at risk of incursion into Europe in 2017." Eurosurveillance 22, no. 1 (January 5, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.1.30435.

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Since November 2016, Europe witnesses another wave of incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) viruses of the Asian origin goose/Guangdong (gs/GD) lineage. Infections with H5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b affect wild bird and poultry populations. H5 viruses of clades 2.2, 2.3.1.2c and 2.3.4.4a were detected previously in Europe in 2006, 2010 and 2014. Clades 2.2.1.2 and 2.3.2.1.c are endemic in Egypt and Western Africa, respectively and have caused human fatalities. Evidence exists of their co-circulation in the Middle East. Subtype H5 viruses of low pathogenicity (LPAI) are endemic in migratory wild bird populations. They potentially mutate into highly pathogenic phenotypes following transmission into poultry holdings. However, to date only the gs/GD H5 lineage had an impact on human health. Rapid and specific diagnosis marks the cornerstone for control and eradication of HPAI virus incursions. We present the development and validation of five real-time RT-PCR assays (RT-qPCR) that allow sequencing-independent pathotype and clade-specific distinction of major gs/GD HPAI H5 virus clades and of Eurasian LPAI viruses currently circulating. Together with an influenza A virus-generic RT-qPCR, the assays significantly speed up time-to-diagnosis and reduce reaction times in a OneHealth approach of curbing the spread of gs/GD HPAI viruses.

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Nissen, Lorenzo, Flavia Casciano, Elena Babini, and Andrea Gianotti. "Beneficial metabolic transformations and prebiotic potential of hemp bran and its alcalase hydrolysate, after colonic fermentation in a gut model." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (January 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27726-w.

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AbstractHemp seed bran (HB) is an industrial food byproduct that is generally discarded. Knowledge on the functional capabilities of HB is limited and it is not known the impact of HB on human colon microbiota, where vegetable fibers are metabolized. In this work, we investigated in depth the prebiotic potential of HB and HB protein extract hydrolyzed by alcalase (HBPA) in comparison to fructooligosaccharides (FOS) after human distal colonic fermentation using MICODE (multi-unit in vitro colon gut model). During the 24 h of fermentation, metabolomics (SPME GC/MS) and microbiomics (MiSeq and qPCR) analyses were performed. The results indicated that HBPA on a colonic fermentation had a higher prebiotic index than HB (p < 0.05), and slightly lower to that of FOS (p > 0.05). This feature was described and explained as HBPA colonic fermentation produces beneficial organic fatty acids (e.g. Pentanoic and Hexanoic acids); reduces detrimental phenol derivates (e.g. p-Cresol); produces bioactives VOCs (e.g. Acetophenone or 4-Terpineol); increases beneficial bacteria (e.g. 1.76 fold and 2.07 fold more of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bacteroides fragilis, respectively) and limits opportunistic bacteria (e.g. 3.04 fold and 2.07 fold less of Bilophila wadsworthia and Desulfovibrio, respectively). Our study evidenced the prebiotic role of HB and HBPA, and within the principles of OneHealth it valorizes a byproduct from the queen plant of sustainable crops as a food supplement.

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Turner, Raymond J. "The good, the bad, and the ugly of metals as antimicrobials." BioMetals, December 19, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-023-00565-y.

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AbstractWe are now moving into the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) era where more antibiotic resistant bacteria are now the majority, a problem brought on by both misuse and over use of antibiotics. Unfortunately, the antibiotic development pipeline dwindled away over the past decades as they are not very profitable compounds for companies to develop. Regardless researchers over the past decade have made strides to explore alternative options and out of this we see revisiting historical infection control agents such as toxic metals. From this we now see a field of research exploring the efficacy of metal ions and metal complexes as antimicrobials. Such antimicrobials are delivered in a variety of forms from metal salts, alloys, metal complexes, organometallic compounds, and metal based nanomaterials and gives us the broad term metalloantimicrobials. We now see many effective formulations applied for various applications using metals as antimicrobials that are effective against drug resistant strains. The purpose of the document here is to step aside and begin a conversation on the issues of use of such toxic metal compounds against microbes. This critical opinion mini-review in no way aims to be comprehensive. The goal here is to understand the benefits of metalloantimicrobials, but also to consider strongly the disadvantages of using metals, and what are the potential consequences of misuse and overuse. We need to be conscious of the issues, to see the entire system and affect through a OneHealth vision.

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van Dijk, Jiska, Juliette Young, Marie Vandewalle, Allan Watt, and Karla Locher. "Transformative change for biodiversity requires more inclusive and participatory framing of research agendas." Biodiversity and Conservation, August 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02670-3.

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AbstractScience plays a crucial role in identifying transformative change trajectories that are positive for biodiversity and human well-being. The concept of transformative change for biodiversity is receiving increased attention both within the political as well as in the scientific arena, but what transformative change entails still remains scientifically unclear. In this paper we report on a research priority exercise undertaken at the 2022 Alternet conference in which conference participants within each session were asked to jointly propose research gaps relevant to transformative change. Thirteen research priorities are identified, emphasising the need to learn from doing through transdisciplinary participatory action research, involving multiple disciplines including social sciences and building on existing research on, for example, nature-based solutions, OneHealth and climate change. The identified research priorities were later analysed under the umbrella of transformative change principles as a proxy for science to act as a lever to realise transformative change for biodiversity. Mobilising scientific research, interdisciplinarity and co-construction with stakeholders and decision-makers is a necessary step forward to make transformative progress in developing the biodiversity research agenda. In this respect, transformative action by the scientific community to develop the research agenda in an all-inclusive participatory process can be seen as a lever of transformative change for biodiversity. Such an all-inclusive participatory process for the development of a long-term biodiversity research agenda is in accordance with building on an integrated and whole-of-society approach as included in the EU Biodiversity Strategy’s aims and priorities around enabling transformative change.

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Bojko, Jamie, Amy L. Burgess, Thomas W. Allain, Erica P. Ross, Devon Pharo, Jan F. Kreuze, and Donald C. Behringer. "Pathology and genetic connectedness of the mangrove crab (Aratus pisonii) – a foundation for understanding mangrove disease ecology." Animal Diseases 2, no. 1 (May 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s44149-022-00039-7.

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AbstractMangrove forests are productive ecosystems, acting as a sink for CO2, a habitat for a diverse array of terrestrial and marine species, and as a natural barrier to coastline erosion. The species that reside within mangrove ecosystems have important roles to play, including litter decomposition and the recycling of nutrients. Crustacea are important detritivores in such ecosystems and understanding their limitations (i.e. disease) is an important endeavour when considering the larger ecological services provided.Histology and metagenomics were used to identify viral (Nudiviridae, Alphaflexiviridae), bacterial (Paracoccus sp., 'Candidatus Gracilibacteria sp.’, and Pseudoalteromonas sp.), protozoan, fungal, and metazoan diversity that compose the symbiome of the mangrove crab, Aratus pisonii. The symbiotic groups were observed at varying prevalence under histology: nudivirus (6.5%), putative gut epithelial virus (3.2%), ciliated protozoa (35.5%), gonad fungus (3.2%), gill ectoparasitic metazoan (6.5%). Metagenomic analysis of one specimen exhibiting a nudivirus infection provided the complete host mitochondrial genome (15,642 bp), nudivirus genome (108,981 bp), and the genome of a Cassava common mosaic virus isolate (6387 bp). Our phylogenetic analyses group the novel nudivirus with the Gammanudivirus and protein similarity searches indicate that Carcinus maenas nudivrius is the most similar to the new isolate. The mitochondrial genome were used to mine short fragments used in population genetic studies to gauge an idea of diversity in this host species across the USA, Caribbean, and central and southern America.This study report several new symbionts based on their pathology, taxonomy, and genomics (where available) and discuss what effect they may have on the crab population. The role of mangrove crabs from a OneHealth perspective were explored, since their pathobiome includes cassava-infecting viruses. Finally, given that this species is abundant in mangrove forests and now boasts a well-described pathogen profile, we posit that A. pisonii is a valuable model system for understanding mangrove disease ecology.

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Nkwanyana, Ntombifikile Maureen, and Anna Silvia Voce. "Are there decision support tools that might strengthen the health system for perinatal care in South African district hospitals? A review of the literature." BMC Health Services Research 19, no. 1 (October 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4583-2.

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Abstract Background South Africa has a high burden of perinatal deaths in spite of the availability of evidence-based interventions. The majority of preventable perinatal deaths occur in district hospitals and are mainly related to the functioning of the health system. Particularly, leadership in district hospitals needs to be strengthened in order to decrease the burden of perinatal mortality. Decision-making is a key function of leaders, however leaders in district hospitals are not supported to make evidence-based decisions. The aim of this research was to identify health system decision support tools that can be applied at district hospital level to strengthen decision-making in the health system for perinatal care in South Africa. Methods A structured approach, the systematic quantitative literature review method, was conducted to find published articles that reported on decision support tools to strengthen decision-making in a health system for perinatal, maternal, neonatal and child health. Articles published in English between 2003 and 2017 were sought through the following search engines: Google Scholar, EBSCOhost and Science Direct. Furthermore, the electronic databases searched were: Academic Search Complete, Health Source – Consumer Edition, Health Source – Nursing/Academic Edition and MEDLINE. Results The search yielded 6366 articles of which 43 met the inclusion criteria for review. Four decision support tools identified in the articles that met the inclusion criteria were the Lives Saved Tool, Maternal and Neonatal Directed Assessment of Technology model, OneHealth Tool, and Discrete Event Simulation. The analysis reflected that none of the identified decision support tools could be adopted at district hospital level to strengthen decision-making in the health system for perinatal care in South Africa. Conclusion There is a need to either adapt an existing decision support tool or to develop a tool that will support decision-making at district hospital level towards strengthening the health system for perinatal care in South Africa.

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Tan, Foo Hou, Asif Sukri, Nuryana Idris, Kien Chai Ong, Jie Ping Schee, Chong Tin Tan, Soon Hao Tan, et al. "A systematic review on Nipah virus: global molecular epidemiology and medical countermeasures development." Virus Evolution, July 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/veae048.

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Abstract Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging pathogen that causes encephalitis and a high mortality rate in infected subjects. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively analyze the global epidemiology and research advancements of NiV to identify key knowledge gaps in the literature. Articles searched using literature databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct yielded 5596 articles. After article screening, 97 articles were included in this systematic review, comprising 41 epidemiological studies and 56 research developments on NiV. The majority of the NiV epidemiological studies were conducted in Bangladesh, reflecting the country’s significant burden of NiV outbreaks. The initial NiV outbreak was identified in Malaysia in 1998 in Malaysia, with subsequent outbreaks reported in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines. Transmission routes vary by country, primarily through pigs in Malaysia, consumption of date palm juice in Bangladesh, and human-to-human in India. However, the availability of NiV genome sequences remains limited, particularly from Malaysia and India. Mortality rates also vary according to the country, exceeding 70% in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines, and less than 40% in Malaysia. Understanding these differences in mortality rate among countries is crucial for informing NiV epidemiology and enhancing outbreak prevention and management strategies. In terms of research developments, the majority of studies focused on vaccine development, followed by phylogenetic analysis and antiviral research. While many vaccines and antivirals have demonstrated complete protection in animal models, only two vaccines have progressed to clinical trials. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed distinct clades between NiV Malaysia, NiV Bangladesh and NiV India, with proposals to classify NiV India as a separate strain from NiV Bangladesh. Taken together, comprehensive OneHealth approaches integrating disease surveillance and research are imperative for future NiV studies. Expanding the dataset of NiV genome sequences, particularly from Malaysia, Bangladesh and India will be pivotal. These research efforts are essential for advancing our understanding of NiV pathogenicity and for developing robust diagnostic assays, vaccines and therapeutics necessary for effective preparedness and response to future NiV outbreaks.

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Li, Yunhai, Cheng Jin, Jie Li, Mingkun Tong, Mengxue Wang, Jiefeng Huang, Yi Ning, and Guosheng Ren. "Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules in China: A Health Examination Cohort-Based Study." Frontiers in Endocrinology 12 (May 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.676144.

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BackgroundThyroid nodules are a common clinical problem and some are potentially cancerous; however, little is known about the prevalence of thyroid nodules in China. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in a healthy Chinese population.MethodsWe reviewed electronic medical records of 13,178,313 participants from 30 provinces and regions who received health examinations and underwent thyroid ultrasound at Meinian Onehealth Healthcare in 2017. Among them, 6,192,357 were excluded based on predefined criteria. All thyroid nodules were diagnosed by ultrasonography, and standardized protocols were adopted for data collection, quality control, and data management.ResultsA total of 6,985,956 participants (mean age: 42.1 ± 13.1 years) were included in this study. The overall prevalence of thyroid nodules was 36.9% (95% CI, 35.7%–38.1%; age- and sex-standardized prevalence 38.0% [95% CI, 37.0%–39.1%]). The prevalence of thyroid nodules in females (44.7% [95% CI, 43.4%–45.9%], age-standardized prevalence: 45.2% [95% CI, 44.1%–46.4%]) was significantly higher than that in males (29.9% [95% CI, 28.8%–31.0%], age-standardized prevalence 31.2% [95% CI, 30.1%–32.2%]; P < 0.001). The prevalence of thyroid nodules decreased from <18 to 25 years, while increased with age over 25 years old. The top three provinces with the highest prevalence of thyroid nodules were Jilin (47.6%), Liaoning (44.8%), and Shandong (43.9%), whereas Guizhou (23.9%), Chongqing (26.2%), and Shaanxi (26.4%) had the lowest prevalence. Females had more than 10% higher rates of thyroid nodules than males in all included provinces and regions, except for Tianjin (8.0%). Based on the geographical regions of China, the northeast had the highest prevalence (46.8% [95% CI, 44.1%–49.2%]), whereas northwest had the lowest prevalence (28.9% [95% CI, 26.9%–31.6%]. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors including age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins were significantly associated with the presence of thyroid nodules.ConclusionThis study provides the first nationwide analysis of the prevalence of thyroid nodules in China. Our results showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodules was high in health screening Chinese people with regional-specific patterns.

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Fakayode, O. O., A. Martens, K. Varghese, T. Luthra, and J. Harrington. "A-263 Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Meat Products Imported from USA and Domestically Produced on Caribbean Islands of St. Kitts and Grenada." Clinical Chemistry 69, Supplement_1 (September 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvad097.231.

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Abstract Background Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a commensal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and livestock animals. However, pathogenic and opportunistic variants are becoming a significant cause for concern in human healthcare (CDC, 2014). The emergence of these resistant strains is attributed to the overuse of antibiotics in agricultural practices (Llor, 2014). These microbes carry antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genetic markers that cause severe complications in treating intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans (Crecencio, 2020). The role of global meat industrialization and trade as a potential reservoir and source of transmission for AMR bacteria is considered a priority for OneHealth Initiatives, with collaborations between researchers, physicians, veterinarians, and food industries. Methods This study aims to compare the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E. coli isolated from pork and poultry products imported from the USA to those domestically produced on the Caribbean Islands of St. Kitts and Grenada. This study was conducted over a 6-year period at the University of Medicine and Health Sciences (UMHS) in St Kitts and St. George’s University (SGU) in Grenada. Meat product samples were collected from retail stores around the Caribbean Islands. These meat samples were incubated at 36°C in Buffered media for 60 min and 24 h, then spread onto MacConkey agar to select for Gram-negative bacterial isolates. Lactose fermenting colonies were isolated and subcultured onto Nutrient agar. Species identification was performed using standard biochemical assays and Biomerieux API-20E test kits. Isolates were introduced to Mueller Hinton agar, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. Results 100 meat product samples (50 domestic, 50 imported) were processed for investigation on the Caribbean Islands. On the Island of St. Kitts, 64 and 60 bacterial colonies were isolated from the domestic and imported samples, respectively. The prevalence of E. coli was 16% (n = 20) for imported samples and 12% (n = 15) for domestically produced samples. As Multiple drug resistance to >3 classes of antibiotics in E. coli isolates was 50% of imported isolates and 27% domestically produced. Resistance to amoxicillin was observed in 60% and 33% of E. coli isolates from Imported and Domestic origins, respectively. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 25% and 13% in imported and domestic, respectively. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was 35% and 27% for imported and domestic, respectively. Resistance to cephalosporins was 60% in isolates from imported meat products and 33% in isolates from meat products domestically produced on the island of St. Kitts. Investigations are still ongoing for bacteria colony isolates from meat product samples from Grenada. Conclusion Imported meats products exhibit a higher prevalence of resistant E. coli, particularly in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics, including amoxicillin and cephalosporins. Therefore, the risk of importing meat products is a concern for introduction of AMR genetic markers to human populations. Active surveillance must be conducted to better understand the risk of exposure to humans from contaminated retail meat products to inform antibiotic therapy and resistance control continuously.

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Reinsma, Kathryn Reona, Godlove Nkuoh, and Pius Muffih Tih. "“My Testimony is the Growth of My Baby:” Effectiveness of the Nutrition Improvement Program on Infant and Young Child Feeding and Nutritional Status." FASEB Journal 30, S1 (April 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.669.11.

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BackgroundInternational consensus to address maternal and child undernutrition is growing since sluggish improvement was an underlying factor in the diminished achievement of the Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. Despite renewed international focus on nutrition, little attention is paid to nutrition capacity development. Although infant feeding counselling by health workers increases caregivers’ knowledge and improve breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and improve children's linear growth and weight gain, most of the counselling in sub‐Saharan Africa is primarily conducted by mid‐level nurses or community volunteers, and little is done to develop capacity for nutrition at the professional, organizational, or systemic levels. Since 2007, the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services (CBCHS) Nutrition Improvement Program (NIP) has trained and integrated a cadre of nutrition counselors into prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV programs, infant welfare clinics (IWCs), and antenatal clinics to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices.Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the NIP approach by quantitatively measuring the effects of NIP's infant feeding counselors on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), complementary feeding (CF), children's linear growth (weight for height, height for age) and the benefits of scaling up NIP to other regions of Cameroon.MethodsA cross‐sectional evaluation design was used. Using systematic random sampling, caregivers were recruited from NIP sites (n=359) and non‐NIP sites (n=424) at IWCs in the Northwest (NWR) and Southwest Regions (SWR) of Cameroon between October 2014‐April 2015. Caregivers completed a survey to determine EBF and CF practices and their children's weight and height. Differences in EBF and CF practices and children's linear growth between NIP and non‐NIP sites were determined using chi‐square and multiple logistic regression. OneHealth software was used to determine the reduced risk of mortality in children under 5.ResultsChildren 0–5 months at NIP sites were significantly more likely to be exclusively breastfed (90.3% vs. 56%, X2 = 19.36, p=0.00) and wasted (9.7% vs. 1.3%, X2 = 4.87, p=. 03) compared to children at non‐NIP sites. Children 6–8 months were significantly less likely to be stunted at NIP compared to non‐NIP sites (12.8% vs. 48.2%, X2=92.41, p=0.00). No significant differences in complementary feeding practices or wasting in children 6–8 months or in stunting in children 0–5 months were detected. If nutrition counseling was scaled up to other health institutions in Cameroon, it is likely that exclusive breastfeeding rates would increase, potentially preventing 1, 364 deaths of Cameroonian children under the age of 5.ConclusionTraining a cadre of nutrition counselors is one approach towards increasing human resources to implement nutrition interventions to improve maternal and child nutrition. In this research project, IYCF counseling provided by nutrition counselors was effective in increasing exclusive breastfeeding, but not complementary feeding practices, and reduced the risk of stunting in children 6–8 months. The findings support other research indicating counseling or educational interventions increase exclusive breastfeeding by 43% at day 1, 30% at one month, 90% from 1–5 months, resulting in reduced risk of child stunting.Support or Funding InformationDFID

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