Дисертації з теми "Omnispective analysis and reasoning"
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1
Crane, Nicola. "Debiasing reasoning : a signal detection analysis." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/82265/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis focuses on deductive reasoning and how the belief bias effect can be reduced or ameliorated. Belief bias is a phenomenon whereby the evaluation of the logical validity of an argument is skewed by the degree to which the reasoner believes the conclusion. There has been little research examining ways of reducing such bias and whether there is some sort of effective intervention which makes people reason more on the basis of logic. Traditional analyses of this data has focussed on simple measures of accuracy, typically deducting the number of incorrect answers from the number of correct answers to give an accuracy score. However, recent theoretical developments have shown that this approach fails to separate reasoning biases and response biases. A reasoning bias, is one which affects individuals’ ability to discriminate between valid and invalid arguments, whereas a response bias is simply the individual’s tendency to give a particular answer, independent of reasoning. A Signal Detection Theory (SDT) approach is used to calculate measures of reasoning accuracy and response bias. These measures are then analysed using mixed effects models. Chapter 1 gives a general introduction to the topic, and outlines the content of subsequent chapters. In Chapter 2, I review the psychological literature around belief bias, the growth of the use of SDT models, and approaches to reducing bias. Chapter 3 covers the methodology, and includes a a thorough description of the calculation of the SDT measures, and an explanation of the mixed effects models I used to analyse these. Chapter 4 presents an experiment in which the effects of feedback on reducing belief bias is examined. In Chapter 5, the focus shifts in the direction of individual differences, and looks at the effect of different instructions given to participants, and Chapter 6 examines the effects of both feedback and specific training. Chapter 7 provides a general discussion of the implications of the previous three chapters.
2
McGreggor, Brian Keith. "Fractal reasoning." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Humans are experts at understanding what they see. Similarity and analogy play a significant role in making sense of the visual world by forming analogies to similar images encountered previously. Yet, while these acts of visual reasoning may be commonplace, the processes of visual analogy are not yet well understood.
In this dissertation, I investigate the utility of representing visual information in a fractal manner for computing visual similarity and analogy. In particular, I develop a computational technique of fractal reasoning for addressing problems of visual similarity and novelty. I illustrate the effectiveness of fractal reasoning on problems of visual similarity and analogy on the Raven’s Progressive Matrices and Miller’s Analogies tests of intelligence, problems of visual novelty and oddity on the Odd One Out test of intelligence, and problems of visual similarity and oddity on the Dehaene test of core geometric reasoning. I show that the performance of my computational model on these various tests is comparable to human performance.
Fractal reasoning provides a new method for computing answers to such problems. Specifically, I show that the choice of the level of abstraction of problem representation determines the degree to which an answer may be regarded as confident, and that that choice of abstraction may be controlled automatically by the algorithm as a means of seeking that confident answer. This emergence of ambiguity and its remedy via problem re-representation is afforded by the fractal representation. I also show how reasoning over sparse data (at coarse levels of abstraction) or homogeneous data (at finest levels of abstraction) could both drive the automatic exclusion of certain levels of abstraction, as well as provide a signal to shift the analogical reasoning from consideration of simple analogies (such as analogies between pairs of objects) to more complex analogies (such as analogies among triplets, or larger groups of objects).
My dissertation also explores fractal reasoning in perception, including both biologically-inspired imprinting and bistable perception. In particular, it provides a computational explanation of bistable perception in the famous Necker cube problem that is directly tied to the process of determining a confident interpretation via re-representation.
Thus, my research makes two primary contributions to AI theories of visual similarity and analogy. The first contribution is the Extended Analogy By Recall (ABR*) algorithm, the computational technique for visual reasoning that automatically adjusts fractal representations to an appropriate level of abstraction. The second contribution is the fractal representation itself, a knowledge representation that add the notion of self-similarity and re-representation to analogy making.
3
Rexhepi, Astrit. "Motion analysis using probabilistic and statistical reasoning." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843205/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The usual input to a motion analysis system is a temporal image sequence. Even though motion analysis is often called dynamic image analysis, it is frequently based on a small number of consecutive images, sometimes just two or three in a sequence. This case is similar to an analysis of static images, and the motion is actually analyzed at a higher level. There are three main groups of motion-related problems: Motion detection, moving object detection and localization, and derivation of 3D object properties. In this thesis we focused our attention on the second group. More specifically, within this group we will be dealing with four main issues: Moving object boundary detection, boundary delineation, boundary representation and description, and boundary matching for fast future location prediction. To detect moving object boundaries a new theory derived from temporal cooccurrence matrices is proposed, developed and applied. Afterwards, a filter design is developed to get fast and accurate results. As any boundary detection method, the output from this stage is usually a set of unlinked segments of boundaries. To assemble these segments of boundaries into meaningful boundary, a new active contour model has been proposed and developed that is capable of escaping energy minima caused by noise. Since our method for matching we based on the correspondence of interest points (feature points), we needed a proper set of invariant descriptors in order to match contours of two successive frames. For this task, a new theory on boundary representation and description called The theory of variances and varilets has been proposed and developed. We used moments of the variance transform and the normalized variance transform for an initial matching of contours which is in some sense a global matching. Afterwards, an Iterative sub-mappings strategy has been proposed and applied for fine matching. An important issue from the moment function was that extrema of successive derivatives provide as a coarse-to-fine matching, where to each feature point we assigned a proper descriptor induced from the normalized variance transform matrix.
4
Stupple, Edward James Nairn. "Inspection-time analysis of syllogistic reasoning processes." Thesis, University of Derby, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/246212.
Повний текст джерела
5
Paulson, James Daniel. "Reasoning tools to support systems analysis and design." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some parts of the systems analysis and design process are not well structured and rely heavily on human judgement and experience. This is particularly true for decomposition and the validation of system specifications. Decomposition has long been considered a fundamental part of systems analysis and design. However, ensuring that a decomposition is optimal is nearly impossible.
Ensuring that a system specification is complete and consistent is an inherently difficult task. Most existing systems analysis and design methodologies allow only the use of techniques such as code walk-throughs and post-implementation testing. Analysis errors discovered at such late stages can be quite expensive to correct. Existing methodologies cannot support automated completeness and consistency testing because they lack the degree of formalism required to allow automation.
The primary objective of this research was to increase understanding of system decomposition. To aid in achieving this objective a formalism for representing a system specification, and a set of computer-based specifications analysis tools were developed. The tools support decomposition and provide completeness and consistency testing of a system specification.
An existing system modelling formalism was extended to provide the basis for the specification formalism. This extended formalism will allow an analyst to describe a system with the degree of precision necessary for automated testing and decomposition. The ability to create a complete and consistent system model facilitated the development of a general theory of system decomposition. A system model created using the specifications analysis tools can be analyzed using a decomposition algorithm based on this theory. The algorithm incorporates a number of commonsense software design rules and decomposition heuristics drawn from the literature, and has been included in the specifications analysis tools. Experience has shown that the specifications analysis tools may suggest system decompositions not previously considered by the analyst. Alternative decompositions may arise in two situations:
1. The system has a valid alternative structure which may not have been considered by the analyst. This alternative structure may be superior to the original structure envisioned by the analyst when the system model was constructed. 2. The system specification does not contain enough information to rule out certain unreasonable decompositions. The missing information should be explicitly included in the specification to avoid problems of interpretation later in the system development life cycle.
Analysis of several test systems (including the IFIP Working Conference system often used as a standard problem in the systems analysis literature) using the specifications analysis tools has proven the feasibility of automated consistency and completeness testing and decomposition. Further research is required in two areas:
1. Enhancement of the specifications analysis tools. The tools are not user friendly. An analyst will require extensive training to use them effectively. As well, the computational speed of the tools must be improved. Automated decomposition is too slow to allow easy interaction between the analyst and the tools.
2. A hierarchical analysis technique must be developed to support application of the specification formalism and the theory of decomposition to larger systems.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
6
Kramer, Glenn Andrew. "Geometric reasoning in the kinematic analysis of mechanisms." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385673.
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Oliver, Keith A. "An analysis of moral reasoning, contact, relationship and homophobia /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487841975359629.
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Islam, Asif Moinul. "Case Based Reasoning method for analysis of Physiological sensor data." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-27672.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Remote healthcare is a demanding as well as emergent research area. The rise of healthcare costs in the developed countries have made the policy makers for trying to find an alternate model of healthcare rather than relying on traditional healthcare system. Although advancement in the sensor technology, forthcomingness of devices like smart phones and improvement in artificial intelligence technology have made the remote healthcare close to reality but still there are plenty of issues to be solved before it becomes a commonly used healthcare model. In this thesis, studies of two vital physiological parameters pulse rate and oxygen saturation were done to unearth some patterns using Case-Based Reasoning technique. A three-tiered application is developed focusing remote healthcare. The results of the thesis could be used as a starting point of further research of two above mentioned physiological parameters in order to detect anomalous condition of health.
9
Alcock, Lara. "Categories, definitions and mathematics : student reasoning about objects in analysis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56117/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis has two integrated components, one theoretical and one investigative. The theoretical component considers human reason about categories of objects. First, it proposes that the standards of argumentation in everyday life are variable, with emphasis on direct generalisation, whereas standards in mathematics are more fixed and require abstraction of properties. Second, it accounts for the difficulty of the transition to university mathematics by considering the impact of choosing formal definitions upon the nature of categories and argumentation. Through this it unifies established theories and observations regarding student behaviours at this level. Finally, it addresses the question of why Analysis seems particularly difficult, by considering the relative accessibility of its visual representations and its formal definitions. The investigative component is centred on a qualitative study, the main element of which is a series of interviews with students attending two different first courses in Real Analysis. One of these courses is a standard lecture course, the other involves a classroom-based, problem-solving approach. Grounded theory data analysis methods are used to interpret the data, identifying behaviours exhibited when students reason about specific objects and whole categories. These behaviours are linked to types of understanding as distinguished in the mathematics education literature. The student's visual or nonvisual reasoning style and their sense of authority, whether "internal" or "external" are identified as causal factors in the types of understanding a student develops. The course attended appears as an intervening factor. A substantive theory is developed to explain the contributions of these factors. This leads to improvement of the theory developed in the theoretical component. Finally, the study is reviewed and the implications of its findings for the teaching and learning of mathematics at this level are considered.
10
M, Dube Chad. "Dual-process theory and syllogistic reasoning a signal detection analysis /." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/242/.
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11
De, Waal David Andre. "Analysis and transformation of proof procedures." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240493.
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12
Crammond, Joanna G. "An analysis of argument structure in expert and student persuasive writing /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated differences among student writers at three grade levels (i.e., 6, 8, and 10), and between expert writers and students, in terms of (a) the extent to which argument structures were used in their persuasive texts, (b) the complexity of these argument structures (as measured by depth and elaboration), and (c) the use of general semantic structures and conjunctive ties to represent argument substructures. In addition, the study determined the predictive relationship between the holistic scores assigned to student texts and argument structure measures. To identify and analyze argument structure a model was developed that could account for the variability in structure observed across a range of persuasive writing situations. The model was a modified version of Toulmin's (1958) schematic, and its characteristics were defined using categories derived from a theory of semantic representation in discourse.Results of the structural analyses indicated that (a) argument was the predominant organizational structure for expert and student writers, (b) over 80% of students produced elaborated arguments involving some form of opposition, (c) experts produced more arguments and more complex arguments than students, and (d) expert texts contained relatively higher frequencies for warrants, countered rebuttals, and modals, and student use of these argument substructures increased with grade level. The general semantic and linguistic analyses revealed the following patterns particular to experts: (a) the use of identification types of claims, (b) an increased use of modals and decreased use of opinions as marks of argumentation, and (c) an infrequent use of causal conjunctions to mark data structures. Results of a forward stepwise regression analysis revealed that argument structure complexity accounted for 40% of the variance associated with quality ratings assigned to students' texts. Two other variables were significant predictors: number of supporting structures and number of opposing structures.
The results were interpreted from a rhetorical perspective: the developmental and expertise-related patterns of performance associated with the use of particular argument substructures, and the representation of these substructures were seen as reflecting an awareness of and ability to manipulate one's audience---skills that are necessary to achieve the goals of persuasive discourse.
13
Wilson, Therese Maree. "Statistical reasoning at the secondary tertiary interface." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16358/3/Therese%20Wilson%20Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Each year thousands of students enrol in introductory statistics courses at universities throughout Australia, bringing with them formal and informal statistical knowledge and reasoning, as well as a wide range of basic numeracy skills, mathematical inclinations and attitudes towards statistics, which have the potential to impact on their ability to develop statistically. This research develops and investigates measures of each of these components for students at the interface of secondary and tertiary education, and investigates the relationships that exist between them, and a range of background variables. The focus of the research is on measuring and analysing levels and abilities in statistical reasoning for a range of students at the tertiary interface, with particular interest also in investigating their basic numeracy skills and how these may or may not link with statistical reasoning allowing for other variables and factors. Information from three cohorts in an introductory data analysis course, whose focus is real data investigations, provides basis for the research. This course is compulsory for all students in degree programs associated with all sciences or mathematics.
The research discusses and reports on the development of questionnaires to measure numeracy and statistical reasoning and the students' attitudes and reflections on their prior school experiences with statistics. Students' attitudes are found to be generally positive, particularly with regard to their self-efficacy. They are also in no doubt as to the links that exist between mathematics and statistics.
The Numeracy Questionnaire, developed to measure pre-calculus skills relevant to an introductory data analysis course which emphasises real data investigations, demonstrates that many students who have completed a basic algebra and calculus senior school subject struggle with skills which are in the pre-senior curricula. Direct examination of the responses helps to understand where and why difficulties tend to occur. Rasch analysis is used to validate the questionnaire and assist in the description of levels of skill. General linear models demonstrate that a student's numeracy score depends on the result obtained in senior mathematics, whether or not the student is a mathematics student, gender, whether or not higher level mathematics has been studied, self-efficacy and year. The research indicates that either the pre-senior curricula need strengthening or that exposure to mathematics beyond the core senior course is required to establish confidence with basic skills particularly when applied to new contexts and multi- step situations.
The Statistical Reasoning Questionnaire (SRQ) is developed for use in the Australian context at the secondary/tertiary interface. As with the Numeracy Questionnaire, detailed examination of the responses provides much insight into the range and features of statistical reasoning at this level. Rasch analyses, both dichotomous and polychotomous, are used to establish the appropriateness of this instrument as a measuring tool at this level. The polychotomous, Rasch partial credit model is also used to define a new approach to scoring a statistical reasoning instrument and enables development and application of a hierarchical model and measures levels of statistical reasoning appropriate at the school/tertiary interface.
General linear models indicate that numeracy is a highly significant predictor of statistical reasoning allowing for all other variables including tertiary entrance score and students' backgrounds and self-efficacy. Further investigation demonstrates that this relationship is not limited to more difficult or overtly mathematical items on the SRQ.
Performance on the end of semester component of assessment in the course is shown to depend on statistical reasoning at the beginning of semester as measured by the partial credit model, allowing for all other variables. Because of the dominance of the relationship between statistical reasoning (as measured by the SRQ) and numeracy on entry, some further analysis of the end of semester assessment is carried out. This includes noting the higher attrition rates for students with less mathematical backgrounds and lower numeracy.
14
Wilson, Therese Maree. "Statistical reasoning at the secondary tertiary interface." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16358/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Each year thousands of students enrol in introductory statistics courses at universities throughout Australia, bringing with them formal and informal statistical knowledge and reasoning, as well as a wide range of basic numeracy skills, mathematical inclinations and attitudes towards statistics, which have the potential to impact on their ability to develop statistically. This research develops and investigates measures of each of these components for students at the interface of secondary and tertiary education, and investigates the relationships that exist between them, and a range of background variables. The focus of the research is on measuring and analysing levels and abilities in statistical reasoning for a range of students at the tertiary interface, with particular interest also in investigating their basic numeracy skills and how these may or may not link with statistical reasoning allowing for other variables and factors. Information from three cohorts in an introductory data analysis course, whose focus is real data investigations, provides basis for the research. This course is compulsory for all students in degree programs associated with all sciences or mathematics. The research discusses and reports on the development of questionnaires to measure numeracy and statistical reasoning and the students' attitudes and reflections on their prior school experiences with statistics. Students' attitudes are found to be generally positive, particularly with regard to their self-efficacy. They are also in no doubt as to the links that exist between mathematics and statistics. The Numeracy Questionnaire, developed to measure pre-calculus skills relevant to an introductory data analysis course which emphasises real data investigations, demonstrates that many students who have completed a basic algebra and calculus senior school subject struggle with skills which are in the pre-senior curricula. Direct examination of the responses helps to understand where and why difficulties tend to occur. Rasch analysis is used to validate the questionnaire and assist in the description of levels of skill. General linear models demonstrate that a student's numeracy score depends on the result obtained in senior mathematics, whether or not the student is a mathematics student, gender, whether or not higher level mathematics has been studied, self-efficacy and year. The research indicates that either the pre-senior curricula need strengthening or that exposure to mathematics beyond the core senior course is required to establish confidence with basic skills particularly when applied to new contexts and multi- step situations. The Statistical Reasoning Questionnaire (SRQ) is developed for use in the Australian context at the secondary/tertiary interface. As with the Numeracy Questionnaire, detailed examination of the responses provides much insight into the range and features of statistical reasoning at this level. Rasch analyses, both dichotomous and polychotomous, are used to establish the appropriateness of this instrument as a measuring tool at this level. The polychotomous, Rasch partial credit model is also used to define a new approach to scoring a statistical reasoning instrument and enables development and application of a hierarchical model and measures levels of statistical reasoning appropriate at the school/tertiary interface. General linear models indicate that numeracy is a highly significant predictor of statistical reasoning allowing for all other variables including tertiary entrance score and students' backgrounds and self-efficacy. Further investigation demonstrates that this relationship is not limited to more difficult or overtly mathematical items on the SRQ. Performance on the end of semester component of assessment in the course is shown to depend on statistical reasoning at the beginning of semester as measured by the partial credit model, allowing for all other variables. Because of the dominance of the relationship between statistical reasoning (as measured by the SRQ) and numeracy on entry, some further analysis of the end of semester assessment is carried out. This includes noting the higher attrition rates for students with less mathematical backgrounds and lower numeracy.
15
Mussbacher, Gunter. "Combining case based reasoning and commonality analysis for software requirements reuse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0023/MQ51430.pdf.
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Pentney, William. "Analysis of the everyday human environment via large scale commonsense reasoning /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6993.
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17
McArthur, Stephen D. J. "Knowledge and model based reasoning for power system protection performance analysis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1996. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Technological advances within the field of power systems has led to engineers, at all levels, being confronted with an ever increasing amount of data to be analysed. This coincides with greater pressure on engineers to work more efficiently and cost effectively, due to the increasingly competitive nature of the electricity supply industry. As a result, there is now the requirement for intelligent systems to interpret the available data and provide information which is relevant, manageable and readily assimilated by engineers. This thesis concerns the application of intelligent systems to the data interpretation tasks of protection engineers. An on-line decision support system is discussed which integrates two expert system paradigms in order to perform power system protection performance analysis. Knowledge based system techniques are used to interpret the data from supervisory, control and data acquisition systems, whereas a model based diagnosis approach to the comprehensive validation of protection performance, using the more detailed data which is available from fault records or equivalent, is assessed. Such a decision support system removes the requirement for time consuming manual analysis of data. An assessment of power system protection performance is provided in an on-line fashion, quickly alerting the engineers to failures or problems within the protection system. This improves efficiency and maximises the benefit of having an abundance of data available.
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Wang, Dongtao. "Equilibrium temperature analysis and fill pattern reasoning for die casting process." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095171663.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 199 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-199).
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Kahn, Sami. "A Conceptual Analysis of Perspective Taking in Support of Socioscientific Reasoning." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scientific literacy is concerned with the informed citizens' ability to negotiate scientifically-related societal issues. The suite of skills necessary to negotiate these complex issues is referred to as Socioscientific Reasoning (SSR). SSR requires, among other things, perspective-taking abilities in order to consider the multi-faceted nature of these open-ended, debatable socioscientific issues (SSI). Developing interventions and instruments to foster and measure perspective taking in support of SSR is therefore critical to the promotion of functional scientific literacy through both research and practice. Although widely studied in many disciplines, perspective taking is a particularly tangled construct that has been used to describe a range of activities representing different psychological domains and applied interchangeably with related constructs such as role taking, empathy, and theory of mind. This ambiguity makes it difficult to ensure construct validity and prevents science education researchers from honing in on the precise skills they wish to study and promote. To clarify the construct of perspective taking, this study undertook a conceptual analysis to operationalize perspective taking, drawing comparisons and distinctions between it and related constructs. Further, by applying a method known as conception development, perspective taking was positioned in the context of SSR, particularly as it relates to moral development, in order to devise a more precise construct relating perspective taking to SSR called socioscientific perspective taking (SSPT). It is asserted that SSPT requires engagement with others or their circumstances, an etic/emic shift, and a moral context comprised of reflective and reflexive judgment. Finally, in order to identify promising interventions for promoting SSPT in the science classroom, the newly-developed SSPT construct was applied to a series of extensively researched curricular frameworks that promote perspective taking in three non-science disciplines including historical empathy (social studies education), method acting (theater education), and autism intervention (special education). The aim of this theoretical inquiry was to translate successful perspective-taking interventions into SSI contexts, yielding an array of promising approaches for fostering SSPT while assessing the feasibility of each of these fields as potential sources for novel and expansive work in SSI to promote scientific literacy. Implications for science education research and practice are discussed.
20
Vladimir, Kurbalija. "Time series analysis and prediction using case based reasoning technology. Analiza i predviđanja toka vremenskih serija pomoću "case-based reasoning" -tehnologije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20091005KURBALIJA.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis describes one promising approach where a problem of timeseries analysis and prediction was solved by using Case Based Reasoning(CBR) technology. Foundations and main concepts of this technology aredescribed in detail. Furthermore, a detailed study of different approaches intime series analysis is given. System CuBaGe (Curve Base Generator) - Arobust and general architecture for curve representation and indexing timeseries databases, based on Case based reasoning technology, wasdeveloped. Also, a corresponding similarity measure was modelled for agiven kind of curve representation. The presented architecture may beemployed equally well not only in conventional time series (where allvalues are known), but also in some non-standard time series (sparse,vague, non-equidistant). Dealing with the non-standard time series is thehighest advantage of the presented architecture.U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji prikazan je interesantan i perspektivan pristuprešavanja problema analize i predviđanja vremenskih serija korišćenjemCase Based Reasoning (CBR) tehnologije. Detaljno su opisane osnove iglavni koncepti ove tehnologije. Takođe, data je komparativna analizarazličitih pristupa u analizi vremenskih serija sa posebnim osvrtom napredviđanje. Kao najveći doprinos ove disertacije, prikazan je sistemCuBaGe (Curve Base Generator) u kome je realizovan originalni načinreprezentacije vremenskih serija zajedno sa, takođe originalnom,odgovarajućom merom sličnosti. Robusnost i generalnost sistemailustrovana je realnom primenom u domenu finansijskog predviđanja, gdeje pokazano da sistem jednako dobro funkcioniše sa standardnim, ali i sanekim nestandardnim vremenskim serijama (neodređenim, retkim ineekvidistantnim).
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Grashion, Anton R. "Computer aided analysis of ancient fluvial depositional environments." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241509.
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Bezuidenhout, Shaughn. "Toward assessing scientific thinking : a qualitative analysis of student reasoning among psychology undergraduates." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6718.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of a research methods course on the scientific thinking skills of a group of second year psychology students was recently reported on by Kagee, Allie and Lesch (2010). As part of this study they developed an instrument, The Scientific in Psychology Scale, comprising 11 questions each of which required (a) the endorsement of one of two binary choices and (b) a written explanation detailing the reasons for the choice. However, their findings were based only a statistical analysis of (a) which allowed for a comparison between a control group and an experimental group as a whole. The present study aims to characterize the patterns of thinking at a more detailed level, by analysing the qualitative data for one of the questions. To this end, an alphanumeric scheme was devised to code the data for the two groups mentioned; namely, first year psychology students who comprised the control group, and second year psychology students who comprised the experimental group. The coding was performed at a fine-grained level from which broader categories were constructed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Verslag oor die effektiwiteit van ʼn navorsingsmetodiek kursus op die wetenskaplike denkvaardighede van ʼn groep tweedejaar sielkunde studente, was onlangs waargeneem deur Kagee, Allie en Lesch (2010). As deel van hierdie studie het hul ʼn instrument ontwikkel, Die Wetenskaplik Denking in Sielkunde Skaal, wat bestaan uit 11 vrae wat elk ʼn (a) borg van een of twee binêre keuses en (b) ʼn geskrewe verduideliking wat die redes vir die besluit, omskryf. Hul bevindings was egter net gegrond op ʼn statistiese analise van (a) wat toegelaat het vir ʼn vergelyking tussen ʼn kontrole groep en eksperimentele groep as geheel. Hierdie studie beoog om die patrone van denke op ʼn meer gedetaileerde vlak te karakteriseer, deur analise van kwalitatiewe data van een van die vrae. Ten einde dit te bereik, is ʼn alfanumeriese skema geskep om die data van die twee reedsgenoemde groepe te kodeer; naamlik, eerste jaar studente wat deel gevorm het van die kontrole groep, en tweede jaar studente wat deel gevorm het van die eksperimentele groep. Die kodering was uitgevoer op ʼn hoogs gedetaileerde vlak waaruit wyer kategorieë gekonstrueer is.
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Liu, Jiming. "Qualitative spatial reasoning with applications to planar mechanism analysis and motion planning." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41676.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents a framework for qualitatively representing and reasoning about spatial configurations in the two-dimensional case. The framework contains interval/region based formalisms for describing distances, angles, and locations. These representations lead to the formulation of inference rules, as well as search-heuristics which enable the derivation of spatial relationships and paths among objects. In order to generate approximate quantitative configurations, local search strategies such as simulated annealing are applied within the configuration space deduced from the qualitative spatial description.The qualitative framework can be used in two principal ways: first, to formulate solutions to spatial configuration problems where exact geometric knowledge is not available, and second, to provide guidance for the application of quantitative configuration analysis and planning methods. These have direct relevance to, and implications for, computer-aided mechanism design and robotics. In this thesis, two applications of this framework are demonstrated.
The first application is concerned with inferring the instantaneous configurations, coupler curves, and relative velocities in one-degree-of-freedom planar linkages, given their qualitative link lengths. Based on the qualitative framework, algorithms have been developed and implemented to tackle each aspect of the linkage problem. The simulation results show that the coupler curves derived from the proposed algorithms can correctly capture the significant topological and geometric properties of the actual curves.
The second application deals with planning collision-free paths for open-chain planar mechanisms moving among static obstacles. Using the qualitative framework, a quantitative path can be composed by generating and connecting a sequence of path segments based on a global route found in the qualitative spatial planning. This approach to path planning is illustrated in two case studies; one involves a single mobile robot whereas the other considers a serially coupled manipulator.
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Lorins, Peterson Marthen. "A Comparative Analysis Between Context-Based Reasoning (CxBR) and Contextual Graphs (CxGs)." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context-based Reasoning (CxBR) and Contextual Graphs (CxGs) involve the modeling of human behavior in autonomous and decision-support situations in which optimal human decision-making is of utmost importance. Both formalisms use the notion of contexts to allow the implementation of intelligent agents equipped with a context sensitive knowledge base. However, CxBR uses a set of discrete contexts, implying that models created using CxBR operate within one context at a given time interval. CxGs use a continuous context-based representation for a given problem-solving scenario for decision-support processes. Both formalisms use contexts dynamically by continuously changing between necessary contexts as needed in appropriate instances. This thesis identifies a synergy between these two formalisms by looking into their similarities and differences. It became clear during the research that each paradigm was designed with a very specific family of problems in mind. Thus, CXBR best implements models of autonomous agents in environment, while CxGs is best implemented in a decision support setting that requires the development of decision-making procedures. Cross applications were implemented on each and the results are discussed.M.S.Cp.E.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering
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Costa, Leite Manuel da. "Hypothetical reasoning in scientific discovery contexts : a preliminary cognitive science-motivated analysis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259709.
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Henson, Richard William. "An expert system for X-ray rocking curve analysis using analogical reasoning." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/104418/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the contribution of an adaptive expert system architecture to the field of X-ray Rocking Curve Analysis. The domain of X-ray Rocking Curve Analysis is used as an example to illustrate how a formal computer architecture can be enhanced through the principles of analogical reasoning to provide a deep knowledge of the domain. A conventional expert system core holds knowledge of a target problem in the form of frames, production rules and confidence factors. Through logical inference and demon logic, a reasoning cycle instantiates the frame structure and creates a new set of classes that represents the solution to the problem. The solved problem is a linked set of data held within the frame structure and complete knowledge across all domains held in a common on-line datastore. Knowledge elicitation reveals X-ray Rocking Curve Analysis to be a strongly visual task, which cannot be completely encoded within the expert system core. Through the application of the concept formation methodology, a set of key visual features (peak density, peak count, peak type) have been elicited from the X-ray Rocking Curve domain. The key features are used as a probability index for referencing previously solved problems. Structurally, the expert system core is embedded in a five staged analogical problem solving cycle consisting of: Targetting - building a description of the current problem; Source Selection - selecting a problem from a set of previously solved problems; Mapping - adding additional reasoning from the source to the target; Evaluation - a mathematical evaluation of the closeness of fit between the selected source and target; and Consolidation - the modification of the source based on the results of the evaluation. The key features provide the link between the target and source problems, providing a practical solution to isomorphic comparisons from inexact mapping. Statistical inference is used to enumerate between problems and allow the analogical inferencing to operate without exhaustive computation. A set of consolidative algorithms have been implemented for modifying the source data. It is these algorithms that give the expert system its adaptive characteristics. The analogical cycle provides a way of both guiding problem solving, and adding and adapting examples of previous cases. The expert system no longer behaves in the same manner each time it operates, but adapts its solutions by modifying the locatability of source information within a 3D probability array. These locations and the data held within is the deep knowledge of the domain that is achieved as the expert system is used to solve problems. Solutions are thereby not fixed, but evolve.
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Shan, Yixing. "Decision making study : methods and applications of evidential reasoning and judgment analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17330.
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Decision making study has been the multi-disciplinary research involving operations researchers, management scientists, statisticians, mathematical psychologists and economists as well as others. This study aims to investigate the theory and methodology of decision making research and apply them to different contexts in real cases. The study has reviewed the literature of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach, Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) movement, Social Judgment Theory (SJT), and Adaptive Toolbox (AT) program. On the basis of these literatures, two methods, Evidence-based Trade-Off (EBTO) and Judgment Analysis with Heuristic Modelling (JA-HM), have been proposed and developed to accomplish decision making problems under different conditions. In the EBTO method, we propose a novel framework to aid people s decision making under uncertainty and imprecise goal. Under the framework, the imprecise goal is objectively modelled through an analytical structure, and is independent of the task requirement; the task requirement is specified by the trade-off strategy among criteria of the analytical structure through an importance weighting process, and is subject to the requirement change of a particular decision making task; the evidence available, that could contribute to the evaluation of general performance of the decision alternatives, are formulated with belief structures which are capable of capturing various format of uncertainties that arise from the absence of data, incomplete information and subjective judgments. The EBTO method was further applied in a case study of Soldier system decision making. The application has demonstrated that EBTO, as a tool, is able to provide a holistic analysis regarding the requirements of Soldier missions, the physical conditions of Soldiers, and the capability of their equipment and weapon systems, which is critical in domain. By drawing the cross-disciplinary literature from NDM and AT, the JA-HM extended the traditional Judgment Analysis (JA) method, through a number of novel methodological procedures, to account for the unique features of decision making tasks under extreme time pressure and dynamic shifting situations. These novel methodological procedures include, the notion of decision point to deconstruct the dynamic shifting situations in a way that decision problem could be identified and formulated; the classification of routine and non-routine problems, and associated data alignment process to enable meaningful decision data analysis across different decision makers (DMs); the notion of composite cue to account for the DMs iterative process of information perception and comprehension in dynamic task environment; the application of computational models of heuristics to account for the time constraints and process dynamics of DMs decision making process; and the application of cross-validation process to enable the methodological principle of competitive testing of decision models. The JA-HM was further applied in a case study of fire emergency decision making. The application has been the first behavioural test of the validity of the computational models of heuristics, in predicting the DMs decision making during fire emergency response. It has also been the first behavioural test of the validity of the non-compensatory heuristics in predicting the DMs decisions on ranking task. The findings identified extend the literature of AT and NDM, and have implications for the fire emergency decision making.
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Saunders, Clare Elaine. "The nature of rationality : a critical analysis of the naturalistic view of rationality." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327314.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis aims to provide a theory of human rationality which is consistent with, and supportive of, the naturalistic approach to philosophy of mind. I analyse why the common tendency not to furnish a systematic and rigorous account of rationality is philosophically inadequate - namely, because this overlooks the critical role which the concept of rationality plays in the 'principle of charity' (Quine 1960; Davidson 1984) in philosophy of mind, which is a central part of a unified naturalistic approach to philosophy of mind and rationality. I aim to contribute to the field by rectifying this omission. I identify the theoretical commitments of any naturalistic approach to the theory of rationality - in particular, I argue for the neglected fact that naturalism commits us to an instrumental theory of rationality. I defend the theory of instrumental rationality against its critics, by means of elaborating the implications of the notion - also frequently overlooked - that the concept of rationality is one which applies paradigmatically to agents, rather than to reasoning processes considered in isolation (for example). The resultant instrumental theory of personal rationality which I develop and defend is characterised by two main original (related) features: (1) Certain fundamental features of human rationality are identified as constitutive in nature and status - given that humans are agents, then it follows necessarily that our theory of rationality has these certain characteristics. (2) Full instrumental rationality demands rationality of the self, which introduces further rational constraints of consistency (for example). I build upon these two central features of my theory of rationality to demonstrate how this account can thereby rebut accusations of extreme relativism and inadequacy of scope. Thus I aim to show how my instrumental theory of personal rationality can provide a philosophically adequate account of the normative status of rationality within the remit of the naturalist approach, and thereby also furnish adequate philosophical support for a defensible naturalistic theory of the mind.
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Inder, R. "The computer simulation of syllogism solving using restricted mental models." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18981.
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Belik, Ivan. "MODELING THE EFFECTS OF NETWORK GAMES ON SOCIAL REASONING." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The analysis of social reasoning is at the core of understanding how to manage social networks. Since interpersonal relations are composed of multiple factors with different nature (i.e., structural and social factors), we explore their influence on the strategizing processes in social networks. The research is based on the consideration of social networks in terms of network games. Therefore, we formalize interpersonal relations using the methods of structural and social analysis combined with game theoretic approach. Specifically, we formalize social power of an agent and use it to quantify payoffs. Based on reasoning over values of power we show how individuals reach stability and Nash equilibrium with their peers in network games.
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Sharma, Jayant. "Integrated Spatial Reasoning in Geographic Information Systems: Combining Topology and Direction." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 1996. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/Sharma.pdf.
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Moshir, Moghaddam Kianosh. "Automated Reasoning Support for Invasive Interactive Parallelization." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84830.
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To parallelize a sequential source code, a parallelization strategy must be defined that transforms the sequential source code into an equivalent parallel version. Since parallelizing compilers can sometimes transform sequential loops and other well-structured codes into parallel ones automatically, we are interested in finding a solution to parallelize semi-automatically codes that compilers are not able to parallelize automatically, mostly because of weakness of classical data and control dependence analysis, in order to simplify the process of transforming the codes for programmers.Invasive Interactive Parallelization (IIP) hypothesizes that by using anintelligent system that guides the user through an interactive process one can boost parallelization in the above direction. The intelligent system's guidance relies on a classical code analysis and pre-defined parallelizing transformation sequences. To support its main hypothesis, IIP suggests to encode parallelizing transformation sequences in terms of IIP parallelization strategies that dictate default ways to parallelize various code patterns by using facts which have been obtained both from classical source code analysis and directly from the user.In this project, we investigate how automated reasoning can supportthe IIP method in order to parallelize a sequential code with an acceptable performance but faster than manual parallelization. We have looked at two special problem areas: Divide and conquer algorithms and loops in the source codes. Our focus is on parallelizing four sequential legacy C programs such as: Quick sort, Merge sort, Jacobi method and Matrix multipliation and summation for both OpenMP and MPI environment by developing an interactive parallelizing assistance tool that provides users with the assistanceneeded for parallelizing a sequential source code.
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Peter, Martin. "Contributions to a 3-D robot vision system : silhouette analysis and evidential reasoning /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10140.
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Xu, Hòng. "Uncertain reasoning and decision analysis using belief functions in the valuation-based systems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212584.
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She, Chang. "A natural interaction reasoning system for electronic circuit analysis in an educational setting." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 42).
This thesis presents a sketch-based interaction system that can be used to illustrate the process of reasoning about an electrical circuit in an educational setting. Recognition of hand-drawn shapes is accomplished in a two stage process where strokes are first processed into primitives like lines or ellipses, then combined into the appropriate circuit device symbols using a shape description language called LADDER. The circuit is then solved by a constraint-propagation reasoning component. The solution is shown to the user along with the justifications that support each deduction. The level of detail and the speed of the solution playback can be customized to tailor to a student's particular learning pace. A small user study was conducted to test the performance of the recognition component, which revealed several recognition problems common to almost all of the users' experiences with the system. Suggestions for dealing with these problems are also presented.
by Chang She.
M.Eng.
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Wolmarans, Nicolette Sarah. "The nature of professional reasoning: An analysis of design in the engineering curriculum." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25654.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Access to the practice of a profession is controlled by formal education structures. These structures are intended to induct future professionals into the specialised knowledge, skills and values that underpin that profession. Yet, despite meeting the academic requirements of a professional degree, many graduates struggle to 'apply' specialised knowledge when confronted with problems in professional practice. This is a study of the nature of knowledge as it is mobilised in professional reasoning. The case studied was located in engineering education, because knowledge relations tend to be more explicit in education than in practice. The data were collected from design projects located in two differently structured curricula in civil and mechanical engineering curricula. The research questions that directed the study were: 1. What is the nature of the reasoning involved when specialised disciplinary knowledge is recruited to develop specific, often concrete, artefacts? 2. What is the logic of progression in a trajectory of engineering design tasks in terms of the relation between knowledge and artefact? The study draws on two intellectual fields: models of professional reasoning and design thinking on one hand, and social realism in the sociology of education on the other. These traditions take different positions on professional reasoning. Design thinking is concerned with contextual detail and case precedent, while social realism in the sociology of education is concerned with conceptual coherence within knowledge specialisations and the power of generalisation. Both offer important insights into professional reasoning, but alone neither is adequate. The analysis was done using the semantics dimension of Legitimation Code Theory, LCT (Semantics), which required an adaptation in order to fully describe the significance of contextual detail evident in the data. The findings showed that specialised knowledge and contextual detail interact far more dialectically than previously assumed. This provides empirical insights for structuring curricula. Students can be more intentionally inducted into recontextualising academic knowledge for the purpose of solving contextually emergent problems. Theoretically the study contributes to the social realist school within the sociology of education by revealing its blindness to contextual detail and consequently offering a fuller understanding of the nature of regions. This has implications for other studies of professional knowledge and education.
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Wang, Kairong. "Investigating the Domain of Geometric Inductive Reasoning Problems: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2385.pdf.
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DeSimone, Justin Angermeier. "An analysis of the item characteristics of the conditional reasoning test of aggression." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50150.
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This dissertation employs modern psychometric techniques to estimate the item characteristics of the Conditional Reasoning Test of Aggression (CRT-A) and three related subscales. Using a sample size of 5,511 respondents, this dissertation provides an accurate assessment of the capability of the CRT-A to measure latent aggression. Additionally, a differential item functioning analysis compares student and applied samples. Results suggest that 21 of the 22 CRT-A items work as intended for the measurement of aggression and all 22 of the CRT-A items are good indicators of their respective factor subscales. Information curves indicate that the CRT-A is best suited for use with individuals who are high on latent aggression.
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Nasr, Reem. "A cognitive systems analysis of engineering students' mathematical reasoning in signals and systems." Thesis, Boston University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31991.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This study was designed to investigate student understanding of fundamental concepts in the engineering course, signals and systems. The aim of this study was threefold: (1) to identify faulty reasonings students invoke in their study of signals and systems; (2) to identify the reasoning resources that explain the origin of student faulty reasonings; and (3) to identify consistencies in students' invocation of reasoning resources across different signals and systems topics. Fifty-one undergraduate students majoring in aerospace engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology participated in this study. Seven oral problems were designed to test student understanding of central topics in the study of continuous-time linear, time-invariant systems. Participants were divided into seven cohorts and each cohort was interviewed on a different problem. Interview transcriptions were analyzed based from a complex systems perspectiv to identify the knowledge elements of reasoning resources that characterize student reasoning in signals and systems. [TRUNCATED]
2031-01-02
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Wegener, Randy. "An analysis of the effects of a cabinetmaking curriculum on students' problem solving and general reasoning skills at Union Grove High School." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007wegenerr.pdf.
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Toninho, Bernardo Parente Coutinho Fernandes. "A Logic and tool for local reasoning about security protocols." Master's thesis, FCT - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/2307.
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Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia InformáticaThis thesis tackles the problem of developing a formal logic and associated model-checking techniques to verify security properties, and its integration in the Spatial Logic Model Checker(SLMC) tool. In the areas of distributed system design and analysis, there exists a substantial amount of work related to the verification of correctness properties of systems, in which the work aimed at the verification of security properties mostly relies on precise yet informal methods of reasoning. This work follows a line of research that applies formal methodologies to the verification of security properties in distributed systems, using formal tools originally developed for the study of concurrent and distributed systems in general. Over the years, several authors have proposed spatial logics for local and compositional reasoning about algebraic models of distributed systems known as process calculi. In this work, we present a simplification of a process calculus known as the Applied - calculus, introduced by Abadi and Fournet, designed for the study of security protocols. We then develop a spatial logic for this calculus, extended with knowledge modalities, aimed at reasoning about security protocols using the concept of local knowledge of processes. Furthermore, we conclude that the extensions are sound and complete regarding their intended semantics and that they preserve decidability, under reasonable assumptions. We also present a model-checking algorithm and the proof of its completeness for a large class of processes. Finally, we present an OCaml implementation of the algorithm, integrated in the Spatial Logic Model Checker tool, developed by Hugo Vieira and Luis Caires, thus producing the first tool for security protocol analysis that employs spatial logics.
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Huang, Xingang. "RELSA : automatic analysis of spatial data sets using visual reasoning techniques with an application to weather data analysis /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488193665235735.
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Orton, Judy. "Ecology-Centered Experiences Among Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/88.
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The present research involved two studies that considered ecology-centered experiences (i.e., experiences with living things) as a factor in children’s environmental attitudes and behaviors and adolescents’ ecological understanding. The first study (Study 1) examined how a community garden provides children in an urban setting the opportunity to learn about ecology through ecology-centered experiences. To do this, I carried out a yearlong ethnographic study at an urban community garden located in a large city in the Southeastern United States. Through participant observations and informal interviews of community garden staff and participants, I found children had opportunities to learn about ecology through ecology-centered experiences (e.g., interaction with animals) along with other experiences (e.g., playing games, reading books). In light of previous research that shows urban children have diminished ecological thought—a pattern of thought that privileges the relationship between living things—because of their lack of ecology-centered experiences (Coley, 2012), the present study may have implications for urban children to learn about ecology.
As an extension of Study 1, I carried out a second study (Study 2) to investigate how ecology-centered experiences contribute to adolescents’ environmental attitudes and behaviors in light of other contextual factors, namely environmental responsibility support, ecological thought, age and gender. Study 2 addressed three research questions. First, does ecological thought—a pattern of thought that privileges the relationship between living things—predict environmental attitudes and behaviors (EAB)? Results showed ecological thought did not predict EAB, an important finding considering the latent assumptions of previous research about the relationship between these two factors (e.g., Brugger, Kaiser, & Roczen, 2011). Second, do two types of contextual support, ecology-centered experiences (i.e., experiences with living things) and environmental responsibility support (i.e., support through the availability of environmentally responsible models) predict EAB? As predicted, results showed that ecology-centered experiences predicted EAB; yet, when environmental responsibility support was taken into consideration, ecology-centered experiences no longer predicted EAB. These findings suggested environmental responsibility support was a stronger predictor than ecology-centered experiences. Finally, do age and gender predict EAB? Consistent with previous research (e.g., Alp, Ertepiner, Tekkaya, & Yilmaz, 2006), age and gender significantly predicted EAB.
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James, Anthony G. Fine Mark A. "An exploration of the moderating impact of mentorship on the relationship between Christian religious orientation and moral reasoning." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6668.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 10, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Mark Fine. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Abbas, Kaja Moinudeen. "Bayesian Probabilistic Reasoning Applied to Mathematical Epidemiology for Predictive Spatiotemporal Analysis of Infectious Diseases." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5302/.
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Abstract Probabilistic reasoning under uncertainty suits well to analysis of disease dynamics. The stochastic nature of disease progression is modeled by applying the principles of Bayesian learning. Bayesian learning predicts the disease progression, including prevalence and incidence, for a geographic region and demographic composition. Public health resources, prioritized by the order of risk levels of the population, will efficiently minimize the disease spread and curtail the epidemic at the earliest. A Bayesian network representing the outbreak of influenza and pneumonia in a geographic region is ported to a newer region with different demographic composition. Upon analysis for the newer region, the corresponding prevalence of influenza and pneumonia among the different demographic subgroups is inferred for the newer region. Bayesian reasoning coupled with disease timeline is used to reverse engineer an influenza outbreak for a given geographic and demographic setting. The temporal flow of the epidemic among the different sections of the population is analyzed to identify the corresponding risk levels. In comparison to spread vaccination, prioritizing the limited vaccination resources to the higher risk groups results in relatively lower influenza prevalence. HIV incidence in Texas from 1989-2002 is analyzed using demographic based epidemic curves. Dynamic Bayesian networks are integrated with probability distributions of HIV surveillance data coupled with the census population data to estimate the proportion of HIV incidence among the different demographic subgroups. Demographic based risk analysis lends to observation of varied spectrum of HIV risk among the different demographic subgroups. A methodology using hidden Markov models is introduced that enables to investigate the impact of social behavioral interactions in the incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases. The methodology is presented in the context of simulated disease outbreak data for influenza. Probabilistic reasoning analysis enhances the understanding of disease progression in order to identify the critical points of surveillance, control and prevention. Public health resources, prioritized by the order of risk levels of the population, will efficiently minimize the disease spread and curtail the epidemic at the earliest.
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Thomas, Kerry Anne Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "A qualitative analysis of creativity as misrecognition in the transactions between a visual arts teacher and their senior art students in the final year of schooling." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Art, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis researches the proposition that student creativity occurs as a function of misrecognition in the culturally situated context of art classrooms. Following Pierre Bourdieu??s socio-cognitive frameworks of the habitus, symbolic capital and misrecognition this study uses these concepts as a means of navigating teacher-student relationships at moments of creative origination. These concepts predict that exchanges between teachers and students are sites for transactions of symbolic capital where the teacher??s pedagogical role is objectively repressed through the mechanism of misrecognition. The study seeks evidence for creative autonomy as misrecognition as it takes place in classroom transactions and that differing levels of ??tact?? are employed in these exchanges. It emerges that the social reasoning that underscores these exchanges is inferentially sensitive to different contextual points of view, expressed in open secrets, repression, denial and euphemisation. The study finds that the artworks produced evidence degrees of originality that vary in character according to the subtlety of misrecognition that is transacted in these pedagogical exchanges. The case of an art teacher and an art class in the final year of schooling is examined in detail. The design employs an idiographic, qualitative methodology. Methods include observations and interviews which are augmented by digital records. Results are interpreted using a form of semantic analysis and triangulation. Four functions are distilled from the results. These functions govern the way in which misrecognition performs as a contradictory logic in the relationships between the teacher and students which works towards affirming the group??s belief in creative autonomy, while paradoxically, all members take advantage of the contextual inputs that are available. Creative autonomy is revealed as a fiction, nonetheless, a fiction worth nurturing for the successful realisation of creative ends. The study concludes that creativity cannot be strictly taught or learned. Nor is it innate and autonomous. Rather it encompasses a socially intelligent uptake in the culture of artmaking. What is possible is dependent on shared beliefs, desires and intentions which are transformed over time. Broader implications are suggested focusing on the significance of collaboration in creative education and the impact for educational systems, schools and undergraduate programs in art education.
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Nagpure, Bhupendra Singh. "The Effects of Reasoning about Vector Components on Student Understanding of Two-Dimensional Acceleration." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/NagpureBS2008.pdf.
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Taroun, Abdulmaten. "Decision Support System (DSS) for construction project risk analysis and evaluation via evidential reasoning (ER)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decision-support-system-dss-for-construction-project-risk-analysis-and-evaluation-via-evidential-reasoning-er(1eb74da2-ded1-4ea7-8f50-1fc6edd12353).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research explores the theory and practice of risk assessment and project evaluationand proposes novel alternatives. Reviewing literature revealed a continuous endeavourfor better project risk modelling and analysis. A number of proposals for improving theprevailing Probability-Impact (P-I) risk model can be found in literature. Moreover,researchers have investigated the feasibility of different theories in analysing projectrisk. Furthermore, various decision support systems (DSSs) are available for aidingpractitioners in risk assessment and decision making. Unfortunately, they are sufferingfrom a low take-up. Instead, personal judgment and past experience are mainly used foranalysing risk and making decisions.In this research, a new risk model is proposed through extending the P-I risk model toinclude a third dimension: probability of impact materialisation. Such an extensionreflects the characteristics of a risk, its surrounding environment and the ability ofmitigating its impact. A new assessment methodology is devised. Dempster-ShaferTheory of Evidence (DST) is researched and presented as a novel alternative toProbability Theory (PT) and Fuzzy Sets Theory (FST) which dominate the literature ofproject risks analysis. A DST-based assessment methodology was developed forstructuring the personal experience and professional judgment of risk analysts andutilising them for risk analysis. Benefiting from the unique features of the EvidentialReasoning (ER) approach, the proposed methodology enables analysts to express theirevaluations in distributed forms, so that they can provide degrees of belief in apredefined set of assessment grades based on available information. This is a veryeffective way for tackling the problem of lack of information which is an inherentfeature of most projects during the tendering stage. It is the first time that such anapproach is ever used for handling construction risk assessment. Monetary equivalent isused as a common scale for measuring risk impact on various project success objectives,and the evidential reasoning (ER) algorithm is used as an assessment aggregation toolinstead of the simple averaging procedure which might not be appropriate in allsituations. A DST-based project evaluation framework was developed using projectrisks and benefits as evaluation attributes. Monetary equivalent was used also as acommon scale for measuring project risks and benefits and the ER algorithm as anaggregation tool.The viability of the proposed risk model, assessment methodology and projectevaluation framework was investigated through conducting interviews with constructionprofessionals and administering postal and online questionnaires. A decision supportsystem (DSS) was devised to facilitate the proposed approaches and to perform therequired calculations. The DSS was developed in light of the research findingsregarding the reasons of low take-up of the existing tools. Four validation case studieswere conducted. Senior managers in separate British construction companies tested thetool and found it useful, helpful and easy to use.It is concluded that the proposed risk model, risk assessment methodology and projectevaluation framework could be viable alternatives to the existing ones. Professionalexperience was modelled and utilised systematically for risk and benefit analysis. Thismay help closing the gap between theory and practice of risk analysis and decisionmaking in construction. The research findings recommend further exploration of thepotential applications of DST and ER in construction management domain.
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Barrett, Anthony Craig. "Hierarchical task-network planning for actions with universally-quantified conditional effects /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6954.
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Morita, Junya. "A Cognitive Analysis Model for Complex Open-ended Analogical Retrieval." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10400.
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