Статті в журналах: "Oligochaeta"

1

WETZEL, MARK J. "Citations for the published proceedings of our 14 International Symposia on Aquatic Oligochaetes (1979–2018)." Zoosymposia 17, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.17.1.15.

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These special publications, below, present overviews of and papers presented during our triennial international symposia on aquatic oligochaete biology. Three similar names for our symposia have been used since we began as a group in 1979: International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaete Biology (ISAOB), International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaetes (ISAO), and International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaeta (ISAO).

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2

Atanackovic, Ana, Katarina Zoric, Jelena Tomovic, Bozica Vasiljevic, and Momir Paunovic. "Distributional patterns of aquatic Oligochaeta communities (Annelida: Clitellata) in running waters in Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 72, no. 3 (2020): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs200303030a.

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The study of aquatic Oligochaeta in freshwaters in Serbia contributes to the oligochaete fauna inventory of the Balkans. Based on our results and literature review, 97 species (45 genera from 8 families) are listed in the running waters of Serbia. From the list of 61 species recorded during our investigation, 12 were noted for the first time. The ecological analysis of Oligochaeta communities showed the largest participation of potamal and rhithral species. As regards current preferences, rheolimnophilous species predominated, and with respect to feeding type, collectors prevailed. Most of the species are tolerant to moderate and high organic load. According to microhabitat preferences, three types of rivers stood out, as follows: (1) pelophilous (dominance of L. hoffmeisteri); (2) psammophilous (dominance of S. heringianus); (3) phytophilous (dominance of N. bretscheri). Analyses of the relation to different types of waterbodies showed regularity in the distribution of oligochaetes, with a higher species richness in main watercourses (types 1 and 2), and a lower species richness in tributaries (types 3, 4 and 6). According to the dominant taxa, the running waters of Serbia can be classified into four groups which are characterized by the prevalence of naidids (naidins and tubificins), enchytraeids and lumbriculids. Our results show that community composition is a good indicator of the horizontal distribution of Oligochaeta.

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3

Corbi, Juliano José, Mário A. Jancso, Susana Trivinho Strixino, and Evelise N. Fragoso. "Occurence of oligochaeta living on larvae of odonata from ipeúna (São Paulo state, Brazil)." Biota Neotropica 4, no. 2 (2004): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032004000200017.

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The occurrence of oligochaetes species living on larvae of Odonata is reported for the first time. There were found Nais variabilis (Piguet, 1906) (Oligochaeta: Naididae) and Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen, 1828) (Oligochaeta: Naididae) living on Elasmothemis cannacrioides (Calvert, 1906) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) and on Mnesarete (Cowley, 1934) (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae).

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4

Brinkhurst, R. O., and D. McKey-Fender. "The anatomy of the pharynx of two predatory aquatic oligochaetes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-098.

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The genera Haplotaxis (Haplotaxidae) and Phagodrilus (Lumbriculidae) have convergent modifications of the pharynx that are adaptations for ingesting prey, especially other oligochaetes. Neither these taxa nor the predatory lumbriculid Agriodrilus (which is not closely related to Phagodrilus within that family) need be considered to be directly related to the leeches or branchiobdellidans simply because of these modifications. The commensal and predatory life style has evolved quite independently in several oligochaetes. Haplotaxis does not have a furrow across the prostomium as previously described. The prostomium consists of a very short bulb on the end of a peristomium, which is elongate dorsally and divided by the first obvious external transverse groove. In the Oligochaeta the peristomium is considered by convention to be segment I, but in the Polychaeta segment numbers begin with the first setiger (regarded as II in Oligochaea). In leeches the prostomium is counted as I.

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5

ŠUNDIĆ, DANIJELA, BRANKO M. RADUJKOVIĆ, and JASMINA KRPO-ĆETKOVIĆ. "Catalogue of Naidinae and Pristininae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Naididae) with twenty species new for Montenegro." Zootaxa 2737, no. 1 (January 12, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2737.1.1.

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The Oligochaeta occurring in Montenegrin freshwaters were studied in order to contribute to a better knowledge of this group in the region. The oligochaetes from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, creeks, and springs, belonging to the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea drainage basins, were investigated. Samples of sediments were taken from 54 sampling sites during three years of research (2005–2008). We confirmed the presence of formerly reported species and found 20 species new for the Montenegrin oligochaete fauna: Chaetogaster cristallinus, C. diaphanus, C. langi, C. setosus, Nais behningi, N. bretscheri, N. elinguis, N. simplex, N. stolci, Ophidonais serpentina, Paranais frici, P. litoralis, Piguetiella blanci, Pristina bilobata, P. jenkinae, P. longiseta, P. osborni, P. proboscidea, Slavina appendiculata, and Uncinais uncinata. Accordingly, the fauna of Naidinae and Pristininae in Montenegro now consists of 36 species.

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6

ARSLAN, NAIME, DENIZ KARA, CANSEV AKKAN KÖKÇÜ, and MELIH RÜZGAR. "Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida) of Dam Lakes Çatören and Kunduzlar (Turkey) ." Zoosymposia 9, no. 1 (June 12, 2014): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.9.1.12.

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Çatören and Kunduzlar Dam Lakes, located on Seydi River, represent the main irrigation water resources of the Seyitgazi District (Eskişehir Province), in west-central Turkey. The river and the reservoirs are both under the threat of pollution primarily originating from several domestic point source discharges and land-based runoff. The numerical and proportional distributions of oligochaetes in Çatören and Kunduzlar Dam Lakes were surveyed seasonally in 2010 and 2011 at two stations on each lake. According to the results of this study, the benthic invertebrate fauna of Çatören Dam Lake consisted of Oligochaeta (40.2 %), Chironomidae larvae (32.2 %) and the varia (27.6 %); the benthic invertebrate fauna of Kunduzlar Dam Lake consisted of Oligochaeta (56.7 %), Chironomidae larvae (18.2 %) and the varia (25.1%). By evaluating the data via a Shannon-Wiener index it was found that the Çatören Dam Lake had an index of 2.32; while Kunduzlar Dam Lake had an index of 3.27. Several physicochemical water quality parameters were also analyzed during this study. The relationships between the dynamics of organisms and environmental parameters were supported by Pearson correlation index. It was determined that Çatören and Kunduzlar Dam Lakes waters were polluted and slightly polluted, respectively. The dominance and abundance of oligochaete species and low species richness showed that similar studies should be carried out periodically in Çatören and Kunduzlar Dam Lakes for the future monitoring of the dam lakes.

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7

Atanacković, Ana, Nataša Popović, Nikola Marinković, Jelena Tomović, Jelena Đuknić, Jelena Stanković, and Momir Paunović. "Effects of Environmental Factors on the Distribution and Diversity of Aquatic Oligochaetes." Water 15, no. 22 (November 7, 2023): 3873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15223873.

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The aim of our study was to detect the actual distribution of oligochaete species and to identify their ecological differentiation with respect to environmental factors: altitude, temperature, oxygen concentration, conductivity, total organic carbon, and waterbody type. Although widespread, differentiation of oligochaete communities in four waterbody types and altitudinal groups can be observed through alpha and beta diversity. Their differences were analyzed using MANOVA, while the ecological preferences of species were presented with logistic Gaussian regression analyses. The highest number of the species of Oligochaeta was recorded in oligochaete communities in medium and large rivers. Total beta diversity decreased with the decreasing of waterbody size, the increasing of size of the substrate particles, river flow velocity, as well as altitude. Communities from small mountain rivers and streams and large and medium rivers with coarser substrate differed from other oligochaete communities. When coarser substrate was prevalent in smaller and medium rivers, a domination of a certain family was observed: Lumbriculidae (>800 m a.s.l.), Propappidae and Enchytraeidae (500–800 m), and Naididae (<500 m a.s.l.). Common species of Oligochaeta, with significantly overlapping ranges in running waters in Serbia, still show a clear grouping with respect to preference for certain types of waterbodies.

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8

SCHMELZ, RÜDIGER M., CHRISTER ERSÉUS, PATRICK MARTIN, TON VAN HAAREN, and TARMO TIMM. "A proposed order-level classification in Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata)." Zootaxa 5040, no. 4 (September 23, 2021): 589–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.9.

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The purpose of our contribution is to propose a robust and practical order-level classification of the families of Oligochaeta, that is, non-leech Clitellata. The order level is mandatory in Linnaean rank-based classification and is also required in many internet-based biodiversity databases. However, it has received little attention in oligochaete systematics, and the few available order-level classifications of Oligochaeta no longer represent phylogenetic relationships adequately. Our proposal is based on corroborated molecular phylogenetic evidence and takes as benchmarks class level for Clitellata, subclass level for Oligochaeta and Hirudinea, and order level for Crassiclitellata, the monophylum that includes most of the earthworm taxa. As a result, eleven orders are proposed: Alluroidida Timm & Martin, 2015; Capilloventrida Timm, n. ordo; Crassiclitellata Jamieson, 1988; Enchytraeida Kasprzak, 1984; Haplotaxida Brinkhurst & Jamieson, 1971; Lumbriculida Brinkhurst & Jamieson, 1971; Moniligastrida Brinkhurst & Jamieson, 1971; Narapida Timm, n. ordo; Parvidrilida Timm, n. ordo; Randiellida Jamieson, 1988; Tubificida Jamieson, 1978. This order-level classification is robust and easily adaptable to future insights into phylogenetic relationships.

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9

PINDER, ADRIAN, MARK WETZEL, and NAIME ARSLAN. "Preface: 12th International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaeta." Zoosymposia 9, no. 1 (June 12, 2014): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.9.1.3.

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This volume is the proceedings for the 12th International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaeta (ISAO), held inFremantle Western Australia from the 10th to the 13th of September 2012. This was the latest in a series oftriennial symposia that began in May 1979 when 31 researchers met for four days in Sidney, BritishColumbia, Canada, hosted by Ralph Brinkhurst, then of the Institute of Ocean Sciences who has played apivotal role in the field of oligochaete research for many decades. That first meeting set the scene for regularcollegiate gatherings of oligochaetologists that have spawned many collaborations and scientific advancesover the past 35 years. Continuity in the oligochaete research community is shown by the fact that four of theresearchers that attended the 1979 symposium joined us in Fremantle.

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10

PINDER, ADRIAN, NAIME ARSLAN, and MARK WETZEL. "Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaeta." Zoosymposia 9, no. 1 (June 12, 2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.9.1.1.

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This volume is the proceedings for the 12th International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaeta (ISAO), held in Fremantle Western Australia from the 10th to the 13th of September 2012. This was the latest in a series of triennial symposia that began in May 1979 when 31 researchers met for four days in Sidney, British Columbia, Canada, hosted by Ralph Brinkhurst, then of the Institute of Ocean Sciences who has played a pivotal role in the field of oligochaete research for many decades. That first meeting set the scene for regular collegiate gatherings of oligochaetologists that have spawned many collaborations and scientific advances over the past 35 years. Continuity in the oligochaete research community is shown by the fact that four of the researchers that attended the 1979 symposium joined us in Fremantle.

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11

Ramadhanti, Galuh. "Identification and Description of Aquatic Oligochaeta in Sanggau City Canal West Kalimantan." bionature 24, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/bionature.v24i1.43532.

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The canals in the center of Sanggau City, West Kalimantan serve as a medium for wastewater which enters the Kapuas River. The density of community activities in this city has caused indications of its canals being polluted by organic and inorganic materials. These contaminants enter the canal continuously, hence its accumulation can change the texture of the substrate/sediment which is the habitat for aquatic Oligochaete. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the types of aquatic Oligochaete in the canals of Sanggau City. The research was conducted from August to September 2020 using the purposive sampling method at five stations, namely Tanjung Sekayam Village, Ilir Kota Village, Beringin Village, and Bunut Village, with three replications at each sampling station. The results showed that aquatic Oligochaete at the canals of Sanggau City consisted of 1 order, 1 family, 2 genera, and 3 species with a total of 1367 individuals. The identified species are Branchiura sowerbyi, Limnodrilus claparedeianus, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri.Keywords: Species Identification, Aquatic Oligochaeta, Sanggau City Canal

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12

Al-Abbad, M. Y. M. "Addition of four new records of Naidid (Oligochaeta) to the Iraqi fauna." Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences 29, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v29i2.131.

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The present study is concerned with the new records of oligochaete species to the Iraqi fauna. The oligochaete specimens were collected from shallow water of six sites on the bank of Shatt Al-Arab river, southern Iraq, during the period from March to August 2011. These oligochaetes were isolated from the surface layer of sediment and submerged plants. The species are Dero cooperi Stephenson, 1932, Dero sawayai Marcus, 1943, Pristinella idrensis (Sperber, 1948), and Pristinella notopora (Cernosvitov, 1937), they were recorded for the first time from Iraq. Measurements and the most important diagnostic features of these species were presented.

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13

Real, M., N. Prat, and J. L. Riera. "Abundance and Distribution of Profundal Zoobenthos in Spanish Reservoirs: Differences between 1973/75 and 1987/88 Surveys." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 6 (September 1, 1993): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0128.

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This paper deals with the abundance and distribution patterns of profundal zoobenthos from 81 Spanish reservoirs which were sampled during mixing and stratification periods in 1973/75 and again in 1987/88. Our main aims are to explore the regional variability and to compare these two surveys, separated by 14 years. The densities of three major benthic groups were considered: Oligochaeta, Tanypodinae and other Chironomidae (basically Chironominae with some Orthocladiinae). While differences between reservoirs were highly significant for all three groups, differences between basins were only reflected by chironomids. Differences between surveys depended on the benthic group and the season. Between 1973/75 and 1987/88, Oligochaeta densities halved significantly in winter (all basins), tanipodins increased 1.7-fold in summer (northern and central Spain), while other chironomids significantly increased 1.8-fold in summer (northern and central Spain) and 1.6-fold in winter (all basins). The increase in chironomids accompanied by the decrease in oligochaetes was partly attributed to better oxygen conditions in the last survey.

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14

Rodríguez, P. "Benthic and subterranean aquatic oligochaete fauna (Annelida, Oligochaeta) from Coiba Island (Panamá) and Cuba." Graellsia 58, no. 2 (December 30, 2002): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2002.v58.i2.275.

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15

Gorni, Guilherme Rossi, and Roberto da Gama Alves. "Naididae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) associated with briophytes in Brotas, State of São Paulo, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, no. 2 (June 2007): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000200036.

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Mosses and liverworts can be colonized by various invertebrates, including fresh water oligochaete worms. However, little information is available on the habits and habitats of this oligochaetes in Brazil. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the occurrence of naidids in mosses, as well as to broaden the knowledge about the habitats of these oligochaetes. Sampling of bryophytes adhered to rock substrates in the rapids of the Jacaré Pepira River (municipality of Brotas, São Paulo, Brazil) and to a vertical rock wall of a waterfall near the river revealed 191 Naididae individuals of the species Naiscommunis Piguet, 1906, Pristinellajenkinae (Stephenson, 1931) and Pristinellamenoni (Aiyer, 1929). We believe this to be the first record of naidids associated with mosses in Brazil.

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Obaid, Zahraa Hussein. "A Study of Some Aquatic Oligochaetes Community in Shatt Al-Hillah/ Middle of Iraq." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1088, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1088/1/012007.

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Abstract The current study discusses the spatial distribution of Oligochaete communities on Shatt Al-Hillah. Monthly samples of Oligochaete worms were gathered from four locations along the Shatt Al-Hillah in the middle of Iraq, between September 2019 and May 2020. show the study for the existence of521Individual aquatic Oligochaeta belong to 7 species from the Naididae and Lumriculdae subfamilies, as well as the Pristinae subfamily, and in Site S3 had the largest number of worms, with 180 worms from 7 species being detected, while in Site S2 had the least number of worms, 107 from 5 species. The largest individual numbers were registered in February, while the lowest were recorded in April. The species, Prisma aequiseta, was first recorded, in the Shatt Al-Hillah rive. Show tubificid worms, Branchuira sowerbyi, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the most abundant species in the Shatt Al-Hillah.

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17

Frizzera, Gabriela Linhares, and Roberto da Gama Alves. "The influence of taxonomic resolution of Oligochaeta on the evaluation of water quality in an urban stream in Minas Gerais, Brazil." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 24, no. 4 (April 12, 2013): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2013005000005.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to verify the identification of specimens of the Oligochaeta in different taxonomic levels (family and species) has the same potential for assessing the water quality of an urban stream in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Oligochaeta specimens were collected from eight sampling stations in July 2007. Four stations were located in rural areas and the other four in urban areas. Were measured concentrations of dissolved oxygen, phosphorus and total nitrogen, pH, electrical conductivity and BOD. To evaluate the influence of taxonomic level, Oligochaeta specimens were identified at the family and species. We performed a principal component analysis (PCA) to determine which abiotic variables best explained the distribution of Oligochaeta along the sampling stations. Cluster analysis was performed with the abundance of Oligochaeta in the family and species levels, separately, to assess the degree of similarity between the stations and check the level of identification of organisms could interfere with the associations formed. RESULTS: In general, the sampling stations located in urban areas had high pH, BOD and total nitrogen and phosphorus, while rural stations had a higher concentration of oxygen. Three families of Oligochaeta were found: Tubificidae, Naididae and Enchytraeidae. Tubificidae and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the family and the species with the highest density, respectively, especially at those stations located in urban areas. Both the PCA analysis and cluster analysis showed that the sampling stations in urban areas and rural areas have different characteristics that separate CONCLUSIONS: The studied environment presents two distinct regions: the urban region with a high degree of organic pollution and high density Tubificidae and L. hoffmeisteri, and rural, with less human influence and low density of organisms Oligochaeta. These features made the use of the taxonomic level of family allow a good assessment of water quality in the San Pedro creek without any significant loss of community data Oligochaeta.

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Cortelezzi, Agustina, Laura Cecilia Armendáriz, María Vanesa López van Oosterom, Rosana Cepeda, and Alberto Rodrigues Capítulo. "Different levels of taxonomic resolution in bioassessment: a case study of oligochaeta in lowland streams." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 23, no. 4 (June 14, 2012): 412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2012005000020.

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AIM: This study evaluated the use of oligochaetes at different levels of taxonomic resolution as environmental indicators in Argentine lowland streams affected by different land uses. METHODS: Sampling sites were grouped based on the physicochemical and habitat characteristics (low-, moderate-, and high-impact disturbance). Collection of the oligochaetes samples was carried out seasonally in sediment and vegetation habitats. RESULTS: The increases in nutrients and organic matter produced elevated densities of the Oligochaeta, but when the disturbance also involved changes in the physical habitat or enhancements in toxic substances, the abundance decreased significantly to values even lower than those of non-impacted environments. The responses of Naidinae and Tubificinae were similar. The density of the Pristininae decreased with increasing impact, but those of the Enchytraeidae and Rhyacodrilinae increased at the most highly impacted sites. The Opistocystidae were not recorded in high-impact sites. Species richness and diversity (H') were lower in high-impact sites and even lower in sediments. Some species presented no restrictions in the habitat type or with the contamination level: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Dero furcatus, D. digitata, D. pectinata, Pristina longiseta, and P. aequiseta. Moreover, Trieminentia corderoi, Slavina appendiculata, and Aulodrilus pigueti exhibited the highest abundances at low-impact sites and were not registered in high-impact sites. CONCLUSIONS: The Oligochaeta show a relatively wide ecological valence through their extensive number of species. Although lower taxonomic levels can give information about environmental status, test-species' sensitivities to different types and degrees of contamination will be of utmost relevance to the evaluation of ecological quality.

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Graney, R. L., T. J. Keilty, and J. P. Giesy. "Free Amino Acid Pools of Five Species of Freshwater Oligochaetes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 600–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-071.

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The concentrations of free amino acids (FAA) were measured in five species of freshwater Oligochaeta (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex, Potamothrix moldaviensis, Potamothrix vejdovskyi, and Stylodrilus heringianus) collected from southeastern Lake Michigan. Alanine represented between 23.1 and 41.8% of the total FAA pool and was the most abundant amino acid in all species. Leucine, valine, and glutamic acid were, respectively, the next most abundant and had similar relative concentrations in all species except T. tubifex. In T. tubifex, glutamic acid, asparagine, and aspartate were the second, third, and fourth most abundant FAA, respectively. Relative to other freshwater invertebrates, the total FAA pool of Lake Michigan oligochaetes was small. Differences in innate physiological and/or biochemical processes, dietary intake, and reproductive status may have contributed to the quantitative and qualitative differences observed among species. Identification of individual oligochaetes to species was accomplished by multivariate statistical analysis of the FAA profiles. A potential exists for the application of this technique for identifying immature oligochaetes.

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Behrend, RDL, SEP Fernandes, DS Fujita, and AM Takeda. "Eight years of monitoring aquatic Oligochaeta from the Baía and Ivinhema Rivers." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 2 suppl (June 2009): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000300011.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that influence spatial and temporal variations of the Oligochaeta assemblage in the Baía and Ivinhema Rivers, located in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil). Samples of Oligochaeta were collected between February 2000 and November 2007. A total of 27 Oligochaeta species were identified. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the physical and chemical variables was used to summarize the total variation in the data and to identify major environmental gradients. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was conducted to verify possible spatial and temporal gradients in the Oligochaeta species distribution. The highest Oligochaeta species densities and richness values were recorded during limnophases. The intensity and amplitude of the potamophase influenced the density, richness and composition of Oligochaeta since many species were transported by high water current velocities and/or died due to the low oxygen levels that are characteristic of this phase. L. hoffmeisteri, P. descolei and A. pigueti were recorded in the potamophase and in the limnophase and we concluded that they are adapted to different conditions of rivers (lotic and lentic) due to the presence of these species during the entire study period in both rivers. Nevertheless, these species were dominant in the potamophase periods of these rivers as they have body adaptations to survive in these conditions.

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Ragonha, FH, DK Petsch, GHZ Alves, HS Santana, TS Michelan, and AM Takeda. "Tributaries as richness source for Oligochaeta assemblage (Annelida) of Neotropical dammed river." Brazilian Journal of Biology 74, no. 4 (November 2014): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.05613.

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Tributaries may serve as richness source for the river main channel and the zoobenthos community is a good tool to verify this kind of pattern. In this study, we aimed to characterize the benthic invertebrate assemblage in three tributaries associated to the Paraná River main channel, focusing in Oligochaeta community. We hypothesized that (i) in tributaries, Oligochaeta are richer than the main river (Paraná River) and (ii) dammed tributary (Paranapanema River) is poorly diverse than the others. Samples were conducted in Paranapanema, Baía and Ivinhema tributaries using a modified Petersen grab along three transects (samples conducted inside the tributary, in the mouth of each tributary and inside Paraná River). To analyze (i) the difference between the richness and density among the tributaries and the Paraná River and (ii) effect of each tributary transect on the Oligochaeta richness we used a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Changes in environmental variables and in richness and composition of Oligochaeta were summarized by Canonic Correspondence Analysis. It was registered 21 different benthic invertebrates taxa, being Oligochaeta assemblage with the highest density. Within Oligochaeta, Narapa bonettoi was the most abundant species, followed by Haplotaxis aedochaeta and Paranadrilus descolei. In our results we refused both hypotheses, because we did not found significant differences for richness and density between the tributaries and the main river, and also no difference between the three transects of each tributary were found. However, the tributaries less influenced by damming, especially the Baía recorded high richness. This corroborates their importance to diversity in the floodplain and the species of Oligochaeta reflect the peculiar characteristics of habitats within each tributaries.

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MORRIS, D. J., R. S. TERRY, K. B. FERGUSON, J. E. SMITH, and A. ADAMS. "Ultrastructural and molecular characterization of Bacillidium vesiculoformis n. sp. (Microspora: Mrazekiidae) in the freshwater oligochaete Nais simplex (Oligochaeta: Naididae)." Parasitology 130, no. 1 (December 13, 2004): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004006286.

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The development of a new species, Bacillidium vesiculoformis n. sp. (Microspora, Mrazekiidae), is described from the freshwater oligochaete Nais simplex (Oligochaeta, Naididae). Initial stages of parasite development consist of a monokaryotic merogony within a haemocyte of the intestinal blood sinus. The resulting hypertrophied haemocyte is attached to the chloragocytes of the sinus by fine cytoplasmic extensions with the sinus around the cell becoming greatly enlarged. The meronts within the haemocyte form diplokaryotic sporonts that undergo sporogenesis directly within the cytoplasm of the host cell. The infected cell becomes packed with spores and developmental stages, causing it dramatically to increase in size, eventually rupturing the oligochaete and cell. Sporogony appears to be disporoblastic. Released spores were observed to have an adhesive quality. Transmission studies conducted with mature spores failed to transmit the parasite horizontally although vertical transmission was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of the parasite demonstrated that B. vesiculoformis clustered with microsporidian parasites of bryozoa and two other microsporidians, Janacekia debaiseuxi and an unidentified Bacillidium sp.

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CUI, YONGDE, and HONGZHU WANG. "Three new species of Tubificinae, Oligochaeta, from two plateau lakes in Southwest China." Zootaxa 2143, no. 1 (June 29, 2009): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2143.1.3.

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Three new species of Tubificinae (Naididae, Oligochaeta), Varichaetadrilus vestibulatus n. sp., Aulodrilus apeniatus n. sp., and Ilyodrilus mesoprostatus n. sp., are reported from Fuxian Lake and Xingyun Lake of Yunnan Province, Southwest China. V. vestibulatus differs from its allies by possessing modified spermathecal chaetae and thinner cylindrical penial sheaths. A. apeniatus is unique in the genus by having no penis. I. mesoprostatus is distinguishable from congeners by its prostate glands joining middle portion of atria and having concave, cone-shaped cuticular penial sheaths. Twenty-eight species of freshwater oligochaetes have hitherto been recorded from Yunnan Province, including five endemic species from three plateau lakes.

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SCHENKOVÁ, JANA, PETR PAŘIL, KARLA PETŘIVALSKÁ, and JINDŘIŠKA BOJKOVÁ. "Aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) of the Czech Republic: check-list, new records, and ecological remarks." Zootaxa 2676, no. 1 (November 15, 2010): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2676.1.2.

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This study contributes to the knowledge of central European clitellates by creating a check-list of Oligochaeta (sensu oligochaetous Clitellata; Erséus 2005) of the Czech Republic, exclusive of taxa in the family Enchytraeidae. In total, 95 aquatic oligochaete species representing 43 genera are reported for the Czech Republic. Rare species are highlighted and associated with the categories for threatened species as outlined by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The first records of Trichodrilus strandi Hrabě, 1936, Pristina jenkinae (Stephenson, 1931), Pristina osborni (Walton, 1906), Rhyacodrilus subterraneus Hrabě, 1963, Aulodrilus limnobius Bretscher, 1899, and Aulodrilus pigueti Kowalewski, 1914 in the Czech Republic are presented. Their ecology, morphology, and distribution are discussed.

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Futenma de Lima, Mariana, Douglas Aparecido Girolli, Nathalie Aparecida de Oliveira Sanches, Juliano José Corbi, and Guilherme Rossi Gorni. "Occurrence of Oligochaeta species (Annelida: Clitellata) in Rivers in the State of São Paulo (Brazil)." Revista Brasileira Multidisciplinar 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25061/2527-2675/rebram/2022.v25i1.1333.

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The knowledge about the diversity and fauna distribution in tropical freshwater ecosystems is of extreme ecological importance, however studies on this theme still scarce. Organisms belonging to the Oligochaeta Class are considered important bioindicators for environmental quality analysis, but detailed knowledge about these organisms is still insufficient. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of oligochaeta species in eight rivers of the State of São Paulo (Brazil), to expand the species catalogue and identify the its relationship with the trophic state of sampled environments. The samples were collected by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB) from 2014 to 2016 and include areas with different land uses, ranging from conservation, agricultural and industrial. We used species richness estimator (Bootstrap) and accumulation curves of randomized species (collector curve), in order to evaluate the efficiency of samples collected. Rivers were classified according to the trophic state, ranging from oligotrophic to hypereutrophic. As a result, we identified a total of 7,398 oligochaetes distributed in 25 taxa, which belong to the families: Alluroididae, Naididae and Opistocystidae. The most frequent species registered in this research, present in seven of the eight sampled rivers was Bothrioneurum sp., followed by Pristina synclites registered in six of the eight sampled rivers.

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26

Abada, Ahmed. "Low- versus High-water level effect on subtropical benthic freshwater meiofauna." EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Zoology) 19, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/egysebz.20221229092731.

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Little is known about meiofaunal responses to Low- versus High-Water-Level (L- vs HWL) particularly in the subtropics. Meiofaunal reaction was evaluated in three locations (deeply-different) in two man-made freshwater channels in (Rowaina and Shalma) Northern Nile Egyptian delta: 50, 100, & 150, and 900, 950, & 1000 metres distances from the sluice, respectively. LWL and HWL were in January and July 2019 respectively. Eight vs ten and nine vs eleven major taxa were noted in Rowaina H- vs LWL and Shalma L- vs HWL, respectively. Taxa had different susceptibilities to L- vs HWL. Nematode, hydracarina, and oligochaetes dominated in L- and HWL, (Shalma), and in HWL (Rowaina). Whereas Nematoda, Copepod, and Oligochaeta prevailed in LWL (Rowaina). Oligochaeta biomass was generally high in LWL and HWL. Hydracarina in LWL, and Nematode & Copepod in HWL had low biomasses in Rowaina and Shalma respectively. Abundances and biomasses were significantly different within and among channels. Environmental variables were significantly different only between water levels. It could be concluded that L- vs HWL has both direct and indirect (variabilities in environmental factors) impacts on meiofauna. Channel width & morphology, may impose extra influences. This study may enhance invertebrate surveys with hydrologically different freshwater bodies.

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27

Behrend, RDL, AM Takeda, LC Gomes, and SEP Fernandes. "Using oligochaeta assemblages as an indicator of environmental changes." Brazilian Journal of Biology 72, no. 4 (November 2012): 873–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842012000500014.

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We designed a field survey (the entire river length; not dammed: First and Second plateaus; dammed: Third Plateau) to test the hypothesis that the cascade of reservoirs promoted a reduction in species richness and changed the composition of Oligochaeta assemblage along the Iguaçu River. Changes in environmental variables and in richness and composition of Oligochaeta were summarized by Canonic Correspondence Analysis. Along the Iguaçu River, conductivity, and altitude decreased, whereas temperature increased. Oligochaeta composition showed a significant spatial variation, with higher abundances of the family Tubificidae and the genus Dero (Naididae) occurring in the First Plateau. In the Second and Third plateaus, few species were dominant, with increases in the presence of species of Naididae below dams. We found a clear decrease in species richness along the Iguaçu River. Moreover, we found that Oligochaeta assemblage was influenced by some environmental variables such as altitude, conductivity, substrate type and temperature, and by anthropogenic activities (human occupation and damming). The results supported the use of Oligochaeta as surrogate taxa to predict environmental changes along impacted (dammed and eutrophic) rivers. The validity of this was indicated by the strong and significant gradient registered, from the headwater to mouth of the Iguaçu River.

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Ferraguti, M., C. Erseus, and A. Pinder. "The Spermatozoon of Capilloventer Australis and the Systematic Position of the Capilloventridae (Annelida: Oligochaeta)." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 5 (1996): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960469.

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The spermatozoon and spermiogenesis of Capilloventer australis, an oligochaete annelid belonging to the family Capilloventridae, were examined with the aim of supplying further elements for the discussion of the phylogenetic position of the family. Capilloventer australis has a typical oligochaete spermatozoon, with an acrosome tube, mitochondria between the nucleus and flagellum, and a basal cylinder inside the basal body. The acrosome is plesiomorphic, with many characters in common with the Enchytraeidae. The nucleus is twisted, as that of most microdriles, but the middle piece is highly apomorphic in being formed by 11 mitochondria that are not in the usual radial arrangement. The basal cylinder is long and similar to that of the Enchytraeidae. Some features of spermiogenesis, including the acute angle between the nuclear and flagellar axes, are probably plesiomorphic. The spermatological study here presented supports a basal position for the Capilloventridae among the oligochaetes.

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29

DES CHÂTELLIERS, MICHEL CREUZÉ, JACQUES JUGET, MICHEL LAFONT, and PATRICK MARTIN. "Subterranean aquatic Oligochaeta." Freshwater Biology 54, no. 4 (April 2009): 678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02173.x.

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30

Moreno, Ana G. "Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) jesuscallejai sp. nov. (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae), a new species of earthworm from Colombia." Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 2023/117 (2023): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29077/bol.2023.117.moreno.

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A new species of earthworm, Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) jesuscallejai sp. nov. (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) from Colombia is described. This is the first time one species of the genus Martiodrilus is cited in the Orinoquia region. A nouveaux espèce de vers de terre, Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) jesuscallejai sp. nov. (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae), est décrit pour la Colombie. C’est la première fois qu’une espèce du genre Martiodrilus est citée dans la région de l’Orénoque. Se describe una nueva especie, Martiodrilus (Martiodrilus) jesuscallejai sp. nov., (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae), recolectada en Colombia. Esta es la primera cita de una especie del género Martiodrilus en la Orinoquia.

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31

Potyutko, O. M. "Oligochaeta (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in the Curonian Lagoon of the Baltic Sea." Inland Water Biology 8, no. 3 (July 2015): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995082915030116.

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32

Suriani-Affonso, AL, RS França, M. Marchese, and O. Rocha. "Environmental factors and benthic Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata) assemblages in a stretch of the Upper São Francisco River (Minas Gerais State, Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 2 (May 2011): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000300013.

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The Oligochaeta forms an important part of the macroinvertebrates inhabiting sediments of lotic ecosystems. It has an important role in the cycling of matter and energy transfer in these environments. The aim of this study is to analyse limnological variables, their influence on the structure and diversity of benthic oligochaete taxocenosis in a stretch of the Upper São Francisco River and its tributary the Piumhi River. Samples were taken in two climatic periods, the dry season in October 2006 and 2007 and the rainy season in March 2007 and 2008 at three points along the Piumhi River and six points along the São Francisco River. The sediment of the São Francisco consisted predominantly of sand and clay, whereas the sediment of the Piumhi was mainly sandy. Six species of oligochaete occurred in the Piumhi River while seven were found in the São Francisco. Of these, Pristina synclites Stephenson, 1925, Pristina americana Cernosvitov, 1937, Bothrioneurum sp. Stolc, 1888 and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede, 1862 occurred in the sediment of both rivers. L. hoffmeisteri showed the highest numerical abundance in the Piumhi River and Brinkhurstia americana (Brinkhurst, 1964) and L. neotropicus Cernosvitov, 1939 were the most abundant species in the São Francisco River. The highest oligochaete density was recorded in the Piumhi during the dry seasons. Canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) of sediment characteristics explained most of the data variability and the association of the presence of oligochaete species in the Piumhi and São Francisco Rivers with the limnological variables (grain size composition and total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the sediment).

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Wei, Y., and J. Liu. "The discharged excess sludge treated by Oligochaeta." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0702.

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To overcome unstable worm growth, a new worm-reactor was developed for oligochaete growth. The bench scale of this worm-reactor was used to treat the discharged excess sludge from a pilot activated sludge system, and experiments were carried out to investigate the sludge reduction induced by Oligochaeta. Due to difficult getting free-swimming worms such as Aeolosoma hemprichicii and Nais elinguis, Tubifex tubifex was thus selected and inoculated in Reactor 1 at the start-up phase except the control reactor (Reactor 2). Tubifex occurred in Reactor 1 throughout the operation period after its inoculation, and mainly attached on the carriers and aggregated on the bottom of the worm-reactor. Free-swimming worms such as Aeolosoma hemprichicii, Nais elinguis, and Aulophorus furcatus were found in both reactors since the 35th day. Microscopic investigation showed that these free-swimming worms naturally produced in the pilot activated sludge system, and entered into both reactors along the discharged sludge. Results clearly showed that the average sludge reduction in Reactor 1 was 59%, much higher than that in the control. The characteristics of sludge settling was improved by worm growth, but was not too much. High ammonia nitrogen concentration in influent sludge was toxic to worms, and then inhibited worm growth. Both the total inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus releases into effluent sludge were observed in Reactor 1, but such increases were not heavy.

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34

Gorni, Guilherme R., and Roberto da G. Alves. "Naididae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) associated with Pomacea bridgesii (Reeve) (Gastropoda, Ampullaridae)." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 23, no. 4 (December 2006): 1059–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752006000400011.

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The family Amplullaridae belongs to this class Gastropoda and is made up of freshwater organisms with a wide geographical distribution in tropical regions. Oligochaeta worms can be found in association with snails of this family, inhabiting the umbilicus of their shells. Due to the lack of information on the ecology of these worms, this work focused on investigating which kind of Oligochaeta species associate with the mollusk Pomacea bridgesii (Reeve, 1856). Samples were collected during winter and spring 2003 and summer 2004. From a total of 209 snails collected, the presence of Oligochaeta worms was observed in only 58 of them (27.75%). In these infected snails, 89 Oligochaeta worms were found, all belonging to the family Naididae. The species Haemonais waldvogeli Bretscher, 1900, Dero (Dero) nivea Aiyer, 1929 and Dero (Dero) sawayai Marcus, 1943 were the most abundant (43.68%, 12.32% and 10.08%, respectively). Haemonais waldvogeli was found in all of the seasons studied, what demonstrates its affinity for this kind of substrate. The results indicate that several Naididae species find in the umbilicus of these snails's shells (which contains fine detritus) a favorable habitat for establishing themselves.

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35

Omodeo, Pietro. "The genusEophila(Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta)." Bolletino di zoologia 55, no. 1-4 (January 1988): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250008809386603.

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36

Rota, Emilia. "Italian Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta). I." Bolletino di zoologia 62, no. 2 (January 1995): 183–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009509356067.

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37

Römbke, Jörg. "Enchytraeen (Oligochaeta) als Bioindikatoren." Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 7, no. 4 (October 1995): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02937536.

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38

FRAGOSO, CARLOS, and PATRICIA ROJAS. "A new semiaquatic worm (Annelida, Oligochaeta) from southeastern Mexican tropical rain forests." Zootaxa 5255, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.16.

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A new Oligochaete worm genus with a single species is described from tropical rain forests of Southern Mexico. Lacandodrilus paludosus Fragoso & Rojas gen. et sp. nov., found in sandy and acid poor swampy soils, presented a characteristic morphology of semiaquatic oligochaetes. The new taxon is holandric, with male pores and ovaries in segment 13, with genital prostatic- like lobular glands in segments 13 and 14 and with long seminal vesicles contained within ovisacs. It is also characterized by exonephric holonephridia covered by a peritoneal granular layer, septal glands and long vascular commissures in former segments. It presents a pair of spermathecae without diverticula in segment 10 and it lacks gizzards, typhlosole or esophagus glands. The new taxon is tentatively placed in family Alluroididae, waiting for additional histological studies that will clarify some characters.

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Alves, Roberto da Gama, Mercedes Rosa Marchese, and Suzana Cunha Escarpinati. "Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata) in lotic environments in the state of São Paulo, Brazil." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 96, no. 4 (December 30, 2006): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212006000400007.

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Despite the importance of Oligochaeta to the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems and to studies of the biology of pollution, there is currently a dearth of information on this group's ecology in Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe the Oligochaeta fauna in four watercourses - three urban and one rural - in the state of São Paulo: the Pinheirinho stream, the Água Branca stream, the Monjolinho River and the Gouveia stream, respectively. Sediment samples were taken with a Van Veen grab in two areas from each watercourse, during the summer and winter of 2001. In all collection areas, measurements of the pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity of the water were made with a Horiba U-10 device. Principal component analysis showed that axes 1 and 2 explained 68.18% of the results' variability, with the first axis predominantly associated with the granulometric data and the second one with the limnological data. Cluster analysis indicated that area II of the Monjolinho River differed from the other collection sites. In the present study, the Oligochaeta group was represented by Tubificidae, Naididae, Alluroididae, Narapidae and Enchytraeidae. Among the three species of Tubificidae, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede, 1862, was the most abundant and most frequent species. The results provided important information on the ecology and distribution of limnic Oligochaeta.

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NAVEED, MOHAMMED IBRAHIM, S. THULASIRAJA, S. KARUNAKARAN, C. KULANDAIVEL, and R. TAMIL SELVAN. "Preliminary survey of aquatic oligochaetes in Eastern Tamil Nadu, India." Zoosymposia 9, no. 1 (June 12, 2014): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.9.1.6.

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A random survey of aquatic Oligochaeta was conducted in Chennai, Villupuram, Dindugal, Thiruvallur, and Sivagangai districts of Tamil Nadu from November 2010 to March 2012. Thirteen taxa were identified from a total of 644 aquatic oligochaetes examined from various qualitative samples of aquatic vegetation and sediments. Chennai district had 3 families: Naididae, Pristinidae and Tubificidae along with a polychaete. The naidids were most diverse with 5 species: Branchiodrilus semperi, Aulophorus furcatus, Dero digitata, Dero indica and Dero zeylanica, the pristinids were represented by Pristina brevichaeta and Pristina jenkinae and the tubificids by 2 species, Branchiura sowerbyi and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. The nine aquatic oligochaetes collected from Chennai were already reported from this region. Two naidids, Branchiodrilus semperi and D. indica, along with the tubificid Branchiura sowerbyi, were collected from Villupuram district and they constitute the first reports for that district. Limnodrilus udekemianus from Kodaikanal, Dindugal district constitutes the first report for that region of Tamil Nadu. Megadriles belonging to the family Octochaetidae (Dichogaster bolaui?) and unidentified Megascolecidae collected from Thiruvallur and Sivaganga districts respectively were found to occur in aquatic habitats.

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HIRABAYASHI, KIMIO, KEIKO OGA, and MASAMICHII YAMAMOTO. "Bathymetric distribution of aquatic Oligochaeta in Lake Kizaki, Central Japan." Zoosymposia 9, no. 1 (June 12, 2014): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.9.1.8.

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Bathymetric distribution of aquatic oligochaetes was studied at 8 stations with different depths (mean depth 16.7 ± 9.4 m, min. 5.3 m, max. 29.4 m) in July 2012 in mesotrophic Lake Kizaki, Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan. The average density was 10424 ± 5346 individuals m-2. Oligochaetes were numerically dominant at all sampling stations. High density, sometimes more than 10000 individuals m-2,was recorded at 3 stations (St. 4, 5, and 6) deeper than 18 m. Maximum density was 20561 ± 13864 individuals m-2 at Station 4 (depth 29.4 m, ignition loss of sediment 13.5%, bottom water temperature 8.1 °C and DO of bottom water 0.12 mg l-1). We identified a total of 5 genera and 7 species belonging to three subfamilies: i.e., 1 species of Naidinae, 2 species of Rhyacodrilinae and 4 species of Tubificinae. Dominant species (in order of abundance) were Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) (8550 ± 6317 individuals m-2; 82.0%) and Limnodrilus spp. (L. hoffmeisteri Claparède, 1862 and L. claparedeianus Ratzel, 1868) (1710 ± 1383 individuals m-2; 16.4%). Tubifex and Limnodrilus were obtained from every station, and the density of T. tubifex tended to be higher as the depth became greater, while Limnodrilus spp. was also widely distributed, but with a peak value at a depth of 5.3 m in the shallowest station. From the submerged plant zone, Ophidonais serpentina (Müller, 1773) was collected. An earlier study by Hirabayashi & Hayashi (1994) showed that in 1985 the average density of aquatic oligochaetes was 435 ± 428 individuals m-2, oligochaetes dominated in only four locations and were distributed over the whole lake approximately equally. Comparisons of our data with the earlier studies have shown that oligochaete density has increased greatly according to Hirabayashi & Hayashi (1994). We suggest that a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration of bottom water was due to an increase in organic matter content of the sediment. As a result, T. tubifex could expand their habitats in the profundal zone.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Biodiversity Index value of benthic invertebrates' community in relation with variation of some environmental properties in Rivers Tigris and Diyala within Baghdad city." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.11.2.969-974.

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This study was carried out to determine the effects of some environmental variables on biodiversity index value of benthic invertebrates' community in samples that collected monthly from two adjacent sites nearby the confluence of Tigris and Diyala rivers within Baghdad city that’s from November 2007 - October 2008. Results showed differences in chemical and physical characteristics for each river. Where the annual averages of these characteristics in Rivers Tigris and Diyala respectively for: water temperature (20, 19) Cº, pH (8, 8), Dissolved oxygen DO(8,4 ) mg/l , EC(1152,2979)µc/cm , Turbidity (28,74) NTU, Total Hardness of CaCO3 (485,823)mg/l, and finally NO3 (4,6)mg/l. Concerning the biological groups, included types of Insects, Mollusks, Oligochaeta and finally Crustacea. The results revealed that the highest population density of insects in Rive Tigris was (31493.28) individual / m2, mollusks were (23177.64) individual / m2, Oligochaeta (10774.95) individual / m2, Crustacea (176.92) individual / m2. In River Diyala, the highest population density (18046.71),(382649.733) and (9908.00) individual / m2 respectively for mollusks, insects and Oligochaeta. The results also showed that the highest biodiversity values according to Shannon-weaver Index, where appeared in Diyala river was higher from this that recorded in Tigris river , where H value (18.6) and J value(8.29), Tiger river distinguished The lower values (3.31,1.56) each of H,J respectively . Positive and Negative relationships shows between almost invertebrates groups with physical and chemical characteristic of water. Positive significant relationship distinguished with almost all groups with Nitrate NO3 except Crustacea, whereas Negative relations with DO with each of Insects and Mollusks, where pH values Negative relationships with each of Insects and Oligochaeta. Also the relations were Negative to turbidity NTU values with each of Mollusks, Oligochaeta and Crustacea. These Connections may explain the effects of these characteristics on the survival and adaptation of these organisms to the study area.

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Rosa, Jonathan, Felipe Rafael de Oliveira, Luci Fátima Pereira, Merieli de Melo Silva, and Ana Carolina De Deus Bueno-Krawczyk. "Temporal variation in Oligochaeta species composition in an anthropized stretch of a Neotropical urban river." International Journal of Limnology 58 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2022006.

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Aquatic environments in urban centers suffer constantly from changes in limnological variables, mainly due to increased pollution in these systems. Aquatic Oligochaeta are bioindicators of environmental change. The Iguaçu River is the second most polluted river in Brazil and in the Middle Iguaçu region is used for the public water supply. Efforts to understand the dynamics and conservation of this river are necessary, since this region has a gap in studies with aquatic invertebrates. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate temporally the Oligochaeta species composition and the beta diversity of an anthropized stretch of a subtropical urban river, predicting that changes in abiotic variables cause changes in species composition and decrease the beta diversity over the years. We measured abiotic variables (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, aluminum and lead) and collected sediment samples using a grab in a stretch of the Iguaçu River over three years. We recorded 35 species of Oligochaeta and observed that changes in abiotic variables caused changes in species composition and beta diversity over the years, corroborating our prediction. The abiotic variables electrical conductivity, organic matter and aluminum were negatively related to species composition. In conclusion, the stretch studied in the middle Iguaçu showed an evident inter-annual variation in the Oligochaeta species composition, with a tendency to decrease the beta diversity, probably caused by changes in the abiotic variables.

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44

Leakey, R. J. G., and John Proctor. "Invertebrates in the litter and soil at a range of altitudes on Gunung Silam, a small ultrabasic mountain in Sabah." Journal of Tropical Ecology 3, no. 2 (May 1987): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000184x.

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ABSTRACTThe numbers and biomass of litter and soil invertebrate fauna were investigated in six plots at altitudes of 280 m, 330 m, 480 m, 610 m, 790 m and 870 m on Gunung Silam, Sabah, East Malaysia. There were relatively high numbers and biomass in the lower plots, where the Oligochaeta were a high proportion of the total invertebrate biomass. The biomass of other invertebrate groups was low in the soil. There was a marked effect of altitude, particularly for the Oligochaeta above 610 m. The low biomass of the Oligochaeta in the higher plots suggested that the importance of this group may be diminished at relatively low altitudes on small mountains. However, several other soil faunal groups showed no evidence of an altitudinal effect, and it is suggested that the stunted forests near the summits of small mountains such as Gunung Silam may have a different litter and soil fauna from forests of a similar physiognomy at high elevations on large mountains.

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45

Atanackovic, Ana, F. Sporka, Jelena Tomovic, Bozica Vasiljevic, Vanja Markovic, V. Simic, and M. Paunovic. "First record of Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum Stolc, 1886 (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) in Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 3 (2012): 1123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1203123a.

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We report the discovery of Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum Stolc, 1886 (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificidae: Rhyacodrilinae) in Serbian freshwaters. Fifteen specimens were found in the middle course of the River Ibar (southern Serbia), at a locality where the macrolithal type of substrate and strong currents prevail. These organisms were found together with Stylodrilus heringianus (Claparede, 1862). They were among the most abundant Oligochaeta species. The species are described and its biology and distribution are discussed. The present record contributes to the knowledge on the general distribution of this rare species, particularly in the Balkans (southeastern Europe).

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46

ROUSE, GREG W., and FREDRIK PLEIJEL. "Annelida*." Zootaxa 1668, no. 1 (December 21, 2007): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.13.

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The first annelids were formally described by Linnaeus (1758) and we here briefly review the history and composition of the group. The traditionally recognized classes were Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Hirudinea. The latter two are now viewed as the taxon Clitellata, since recognizing Hirudinea with class rank renders Oligochaeta paraphyletic. Polychaeta appears to contain Clitellata, and so may be synonymous with Annelida. Current consensus would place previously recognized phyla such as Echiura, Pogonophora, Sipuncula and Vestimentifera as annelids, though relationships among these and the various other annelid lineages are still unresolved.

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47

Righi, Gilberto. "Alguns Oligochaeta Medagriles da Argentina." FAVE 1, no. 3 (March 19, 2005): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14409/fave.v1i3.2932.

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48

Fischer, O. A., L. Matlova, J. Bartl, L. Dvorska, P. Svastova, R. du Maine, I. Melicharek, M. Bartos, and I. Pavlik. "Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) and mycobacteria." Veterinary Microbiology 91, no. 4 (February 2003): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00302-4.

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49

Csuzdi, Csaba, and Tomáš Pavlíček. "The earthworms (Oligochaeta) of Jordan." Zoology in the Middle East 34, no. 1 (January 2005): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2005.10638085.

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50

Jiménez, Juan J., Estefanía Mamolar, and Patrick Lavelle. "Biometric relationships in earthworms (Oligochaeta)." European Journal of Soil Biology 36, no. 1 (January 2000): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-5563(00)01047-5.

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