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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Okinawa Island (Japan) Social conditions"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 13 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Okinawa Island (Japan) Social conditions"

Masucci, Giovanni Diego, and James D. Reimer. "Expanding walls and shrinking beaches: loss of natural coastline in Okinawa Island, Japan." PeerJ 7 (September 6, 2019): e7520. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7520.

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Okinawa is the largest and most populated island of the Ryukyu Archipelago in southern Japan and is renowned for its natural resources and beauty. Similar as to what has been happening in the rest of the country, Okinawa Island has been affected by an increasing amount of development and construction work. The trend has been particularly acute after reversion to Japanese sovereignty in 1972, following 27 years of post-war American administration. A coastline once characterized by extended sandy beaches surrounded by coral reefs now includes tracts delimited by seawalls, revetments, and other human-made hardening structures. Additionally, part of coastal Okinawa Island was obtained by land-filling shallow ocean areas (land reclamation). Nevertheless, the current extension of the artificial coastline, as well as the level of fragmentation of the natural coastline are unclear, due to the lack of both published studies and easily accessible and updated datasets. The aims of this research were to quantify the extension of coastline alterations in Okinawa Island, including the amount of land-filling performed over the last 41 years, and to describe the coastlines that have been altered the most as well as those that are still relatively pristine. The analyses were performed using a reference map of Okinawa Island based on GIS vector data extracted from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) coastline dataset (average node distance for Okinawa Island = 24 m), in addition to satellite and aerial photography from multiple providers. We measured 431.8 km of altered coastline, equal to about 63% of the total length of coastline in Okinawa Island. Habitat fragmentation is also an issue as the remaining natural coastline was broken into 239 distinct tracts (mean length = 1.05 km). Finally, 21.03 km2 of the island’s surface were of land reclaimed over the last 41 years. The west coast has been altered the most, while the east coast is in relatively more natural conditions, particularly the northern part, which has the largest amount of uninterrupted natural coastline. Given the importance of the ecosystem services that coastal and marine ecosystems provide to local populations of subtropical islands, including significant economic income from tourism, conservation of remaining natural coastlines should be given high priority.

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Blanco, Ariel C., Kazuo Nadaoka, Takahiro Yamamoto, and Koichi Kinjo. "Dynamic evolution of nutrient discharge under stormflow and baseflow conditions in a coastal agricultural watershed in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan." Hydrological Processes 24, no. 18 (April 20, 2010): 2601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7685.

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SHOBUGAWA, Y., T. TAKEUCHI, A. HIBINO, M. R. HASSAN, R. YAGAMI, H. KONDO, T. ODAGIRI, and R. SAITO. "Occurrence of human respiratory syncytial virus in summer in Japan." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 2 (September 29, 2016): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881600220x.

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SUMMARYIn temperate zones, human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) outbreaks typically occur in cold weather, i.e. in late autumn and winter. However, recent outbreaks in Japan have tended to start during summer and autumn. This study examined associations of meteorological conditions with the numbers of HRSV cases reported in summer in Japan. Using data from the HRSV national surveillance system and national meteorological data for summer during the period 2007–2014, we utilized negative binomial logistic regression analysis to identify associations between meteorological conditions and reported cases of HRSV. HRSV cases increased when summer temperatures rose and when relative humidity increased. Consideration of the interaction term temperature × relative humidity enabled us to show synergistic effects of high temperature with HRSV occurrence. In particular, HRSV cases synergistically increased when relative humidity increased while the temperature was ⩾28·2 °C. Seasonal-trend decomposition analysis using the HRSV national surveillance data divided by 11 climate divisions showed that summer HRSV cases occurred in South Japan (Okinawa Island), Kyushu, and Nankai climate divisions, which are located in southwest Japan. Higher temperature and higher relative humidity were necessary conditions for HRSV occurrence in summer in Japan. Paediatricians in temperate zones should be mindful of possible HRSV cases in summer, when suitable conditions are present.

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Kuroda, Moe, Ryuichi Ohta, Kaku Kuroda, Keiichiro Kita, and Seiji Yamashiro. "The Seamless Communication on a Rural Island in Japan: A Qualitative Study from the Perspective of Healthcare Professionals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 9479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189479.

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On remote islands, interprofessional collaboration is essential to support older adults who live at home, despite the limited number of healthcare professionals (HCPs). Therefore, it is important for HCPs to collect and share information about older adults with health problems. This study aimed to clarify how rural HCPs collaborate using limited resources to support older adults in remote islands. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 healthcare providers for older adults on Zamami Island of Okinawa, Japan. We performed a qualitative analysis using the steps for coding and theorization method. Four themes were extracted: “Collection and communication of information between residents”, “Communication of information from non-HCPs to HCPs”, “Sharing of information between HCPs”, and “HCPs taking action to initiate their approach”. Islanders take care of each other and know each other’s health status, while HCPs gather their health information. When necessary, HCPs on the island gain essential information regarding older adult patients from islanders not only through work, but also through personal interactions. Afterward, HCPs approach older adults who need health care. The human connections on this remote island serve as social capital and enable flexibility in both gathering information and seamless communication among islanders who also serve as informal resources that contribute support for older adults.

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Sarker, Md Moniruzzaman, Sirajul Islam, and Tsuyoshi Uehara. "Embryonic development of the estuarine crab Neosarmatium indicum (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from the mangroves of the Okinawa Island, Japan." University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University 31 (June 22, 2013): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15400.

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The complete embryonic development of the mangrove sesarmid crab Neosarmatium indicum (A. Milne Edwards, 1868) was described based on internal and external morphological changes in live fertilized eggs reared in the laboratory. Several pairs of N. indicum were collected from the Nuha River mangrove swamp of the southern Okinawa Island, Japan, which is consisted mainly with the mangrove Kandelia candel, and densely populated by the genus Perisesarma and Neosarmatium indicum . The fertilized eggs were macrolecithal, centrolecithal and spherical in shape, filled with uniform dark olive colour, without evidence of any development. The diameter of fertilized egg was 0.36 mm, which increased to 0.47 mm before hatching. Embryo development from fertilized eggs to hatching (first zoea stage) lasted average of 16 days at 25°C and salinity at 80. Sixteen stages of embryonic development were categorized by following continuous observation using an optical DIC microscope equipped with digital camera, video camera and printer. After 24 hours of incubation, fertilized eggs became 32-celled stage of development. Before hatching, many chromatophores (mostly black) were evident in the abdominal segments and the telson of embryos. At the end of 16 days incubation, the zoea larvae were successfully hatched out, which were reared in the laboratory conditions for further development.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15400Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 49-54

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Ikegawa, Yusuke, Atsushi Honma, Chihiro Himuro, and Takashi Matsuyama. "A New System for Detecting Initial Colonization by Invasive Pests and Their Locations." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 6 (August 30, 2019): 2976–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz228.

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Abstract Quarantine pests in plants can be a serious agricultural problem; many eradication programs using area-wide control measures have been implemented worldwide to combat this threat. Surveillance measures using sex pheromone (in general, male-attractant) traps are also widely implemented for rapid control and eradication of invasive pests. If initial pest colonization can be determined based on temporal count data of trapped insects (i.e., males), and countermeasures are applied only during colonization, costs incurred by these countermeasures would be dramatically reduced, especially in areas with frequent invasions. In this study, we developed a system to detect initial pest colonization, and to narrow down colonized regions using estimated temporal count data of the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius Fabricius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Tsuken Island, Okinawa, Japan. We verified the system by comparing our estimates to actual colonization data obtained via regular host plant surveys. Results indicated that our system was able to successfully detect pest colonization and estimate colonized regions. In this study, we discuss the conditions (i.e., pest biology, environment, etc.) that are optimal for application of our system.

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Kondo, Masashi, Ken Maeda, Kentarou Hirashima, and Katsunori Tachihara. "Comparative larval development of three amphidromous Rhinogobius species, making reference to their habitat preferences and migration biology." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 3 (2013): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12234.

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Eggs and larvae of three amphidromous species of Rhinogobius goby (Rhinogobius brunneus, Rhinogobius sp. MO and Rhinogobius sp. CB) from Okinawa Island, Japan, were reared under uniform conditions to describe and compare their larval development. Although the larval morphologies of the three species were very similar, some differences were observed in the timing of ontogenetic events among them. R. brunneus had the largest yolk and saved it for a longer period of time, whereas Rhinogobius sp. MO had the smallest yolk, which was exhausted earlier. The period until yolk exhaustion is thought to restrict the distance that migrating larvae can drift, which determines the specific adult distribution. Each of these two amphidromous species are close relatives of different fluvial resident species. Evolution of the fluvial residents could be explained by different scenarios based on the larval traits of R. brunneus and Rhinogobius sp. MO. Rhinogobius sp. CB hatched at a smaller size and grew slower than the other two species. No fluvial species have derived from Rhinogobius sp. CB. One possible explanation is that the smaller and slower-growing larvae of Rhinogobius sp. CB find it more difficult to remain within streams.

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Satoshi, IMAZATO. "Territoriality by Folk Boundaries and Social-Geographical Conditions in Shinto-Buddhist, Catholic, and Hidden Christian Rural Communities on Hirado Island, Western Japan." Geographical review of Japan series B 92, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.92.51.

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Ouyabe, Michel, Naoto Tanaka, Yuh Shiwa, Nobuyuki Fujita, Hidehiko Kikuno, Pachakkil Babil, and Hironobu Shiwachi. "Rhizobium dioscoreae sp. nov., a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from yam (Dioscorea species)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 5054–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004381.

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This study investigated endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from two species of yam (water yam, Dioscorea alata L.; lesser yam, Dioscorea esculenta L.) grown in nutrient-poor alkaline soil conditions on Miyako Island, Okinawa, Japan. Two bacterial strains of the genus Rhizobium , S-93T and S-62, were isolated. The phylogenetic tree, based on the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences (1476 bp for each strain), placed them in a distinct clade, with Rhizobium miluonense CCBAU 41251T, Rhizobium hainanense I66T, Rhizobium multihospitium HAMBI 2975T, Rhizobium freirei PRF 81T and Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899T being their closest species. Their bacterial fatty acid profile, with major components of C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and summed feature 8, as well as other phenotypic characteristics and DNA G+C content (59.65 mol%) indicated that the novel strains belong to the genus Rhizobium . Pairwise average nucleotide identity analyses separated the novel strains from their most closely related species with similarity values of 90.5, 88.9, 88.5, 84.5 and 84.4 % for R. multihospitium HAMBI 2975T, R. tropici CIAT 899T, R. hainanense CCBAU 57015T, R. miluonense HAMBI 2971T and R. freirei PRF 81T, respectively; digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were in the range of 26–42 %. Considering the phenotypic characteristics as well as the genomic data, it is suggested that strains S-93T and S-62 represent a new species, for which the name Rhizobium dioscoreae is proposed. The type strain is S-93T (=NRIC 0988T=NBRC 114257T=DSM 110498T).

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Tanu, Ferdouse Zaman, Yasuhiro Asakura, Satoshi Takahashi, Ko Hinokidani та Yasuhiro Nakanishi. "Variation in Foliar ẟ15N Reflects Anthropogenic Nitrogen Absorption Potential of Mangrove Forests". Forests 11, № 2 (22 січня 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020133.

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Research Highlights: Mangrove forests are absorbing anthropogenically produced excess nitrogen under moderate to intensive human interaction in the study sites, further indicating the degree of deviation from the natural ecosystem condition. Background and Objectives: Mangrove species, when directly connected to anthropogenic activities such as sewage disposal, agricultural inputs, and receiving of animal manure, absorb excess nutrients from the systems and act as ecological indicators of long-term natural changes. However, there is a paucity of examples of how the mangroves respond to a land-use gradient comparing to the non-mangrove plants under indirect anthropogenic impacts. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, foliar total nitrogen (N), carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and δ15N of mangrove and non-mangrove species collected from 15 watersheds on three islands in Okinawa, Japan, have been compared. The land-use areas in the study watersheds were delineated by ArcGIS software, and the correlation between the foliar traits and the human-affected area ratios were examined. Results: Foliar δ15N of the mangroves, which was significantly different from those of the non-mangroves on each island, showed significantly higher values (5‰ to 14‰) in human-affected forests, whereas the values were up to 3‰ in pristine forests. Furthermore, the significant positive relationship between foliar nitrogenous traits and the human-affected area ratios suggested that the anthropogenic N might be regulating foliar N content and δ15N signature on the sites. Conclusion: Different degrees of foliar isotopic fractionation with the land-use gradient have clarified that mangroves can be a powerful tool for monitoring ecosystem conditions under anthropogenic disturbances.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Okinawa Island (Japan) Social conditions"

Matsubara, Nao. "The prospect for Okinawa's initiative : towards getting rid of the U.S. Military presence in Okinawa." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armm4344.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves [56]-[62]) Focusses on issues concerning the U.S. military presence on the island. Elaborates on Okinawa's suffering due to the military bases which have hindered Okinawa's economic development, created serious pollution and encouraged crime

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Книги з теми "Okinawa Island (Japan) Social conditions"

Myth, struggle and protest in okinawa. New York: Routledge, 2006.

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Hokkaido: A history of ethnic transition and development on Japan's northern island. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 2009.

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Inoue, Masamichi S. Okinawa and the U.S. military: Identity making in the Age of globalization. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2005.

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Hook, Glenn D. Japan and Okinawa. Routledge, 2014.

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D, Hook Glenn, and Siddle Richard 1959-, eds. Japan and Okinawa: Structure and subjectivity. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

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Weil, Andrew, Craig Wilcox, Bradley Wilcox, and Makaoto Suzuki. Okinawa Way: The Four-Week Fitness, Diet and Lifestyle Plan to Reserve the Symptoms of Ageing. Penguin Books, Limited, 2018.

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Allen, Matthew. Identity and Resistance in Okinawa. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002.

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Identity and Resistance in Okinawa. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002.

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Baldacchino, Godfrey. Solution Protocols to Festering Island Disputes: 'Win-Win' Solutions for the Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Forgash, Rebecca. Intimacy Across the Fencelines: Sex, Marriage, and the U. S. Military in Okinawa. Cornell University Press, 2020.

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Частини книг з теми "Okinawa Island (Japan) Social conditions"

Shirai, Kokoro. "Social Determinants of Health on the Island of Okinawa." In Health in Japan, 297–312. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848134.003.0019.

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This chapter discusses how island of Okinawa achieved the highest longevity in the world and why it then came to have high premature death rate in Japan. Okinawa returned to Japanese control in 1972 and for 20 years from 1975 to 1995 had the highest life expectancy and the highest number of centenarians per 100,000 population in the country. These days, Okinawa has a higher prevalence of obesity and higher mortality rates among 40-65 years-old than mainland Japan. This chapter seeks to understand the reasons for the health changes, from historical and cultural perspectives as example of social determinants of health.

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Short, Courtney A. "“Japanese” Warriors?" In Uniquely Okinawan, 45–50. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288380.003.0004.

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Since Okinawan’s integration into the Japanese nation as a prefecture in 1879, the Japanese government embarked on a program of propaganda and indoctrination to ensure loyalty in its new Okinawan subjects. As the Pacific War drew ever closer to the island of Okinawa, the Japanese government mandated that all civilians work for the war cause. The National Mobilization Act committed every resource toward supporting the war effort and every person prepared for war. Young Okinawans rallied to Japan’s cause with innocent fervor unmatched by their elders. The older population did not share the intensity of the children’s enthusiasm, but they still committed to serving the Japanese Empire as its subjects. In a practical manner, adult Okinawans prepared their families for the rough conditions that would result from a battle waged on their land. On the brink of the battle, Okinawans saw Japan as their country and felt compelled to protect it.

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