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Статті в журналах з теми "OHADA System"
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Bashi Rudahindwa, Jonathan. "OHADA and the Making of Transnational Commercial Law in Africa." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 371–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Organisation for Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) was established in October 1993 with the ambitious aim of inciting economic development in its Member States. Through the adoption of Uniform Commercial Laws, the organisation is expected to create an enabling environment for business development, thereby providing for a path to economic growth and subsequent development. In light of this professed aim, both the transnational methodological approach and comparative law theories are used in this paper to critically analyse the various processes conducted under the OHADA banner and to engage in discussions on the highly debated role of law as a vehicle for development in sub-Saharan Africa. This exercise, which proves crucial in order to trace its origin within the global governance and law and development theories, allows us to present OHADA as a transnational legal system, while also highlighting both its strengths and limitations.
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Fortin, Anne, and Saidatou Dicko. "The impact of the new OHADA accounting system on the judgments and decisions of Cameroonian bankers." Advances in Accounting 25, no. 1 (June 2009): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2009.02.006.
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Fontaine, Marcel. "Les objectifs de lharmonisation du droit des contrats Deux projets OHADA et les Principes OHADAC: objectifs contrastés." European Review of Private Law 24, Issue 3/4 (June 1, 2016): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2016026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The trend towards harmonization of contract law is increasingly developing, but orientations may be very different, due not only to the respective contexts, but also to the nature of objectives pursued. The present essay describes and compares three recent harmonization projects, two in the African context of the Organisation pour l’harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires (OHADA), the third one initiated by the Organisation pour l’harmonisation du droit des affaires dans la Caraïbe (OHADAC). The first African project, as requested by the Council of Ministers of OHADA, took strong inspiration from the UNIDROIT Principles, as the intention was to elaborate a modern instrument apt to attract investors. This project, however, has not been adopted, in particular because of a marked reluctance to depart from the French legal tradition, which is prevailing in most (but not all) member States. An alternative project, based on a private initiative, is in the process of being elaborated, with the view to remain within the dominant legal tradition and to avoid disorienting practitioners. As to the project that has just been prepared in the framework of OHADAC, it takes much inspiration from existing uniform law instruments, including the UNIDROIT Principles. At the same time, it is mainly concerned not to retain rules which could appear to be unacceptable in certain parts of a region where the legal systems are very diverse.
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Santana-Gómez, Cesar Emmanuel, Daniel Pérez-Pérez, Daniel Fonseca-Barriendos, Oscar Arias-Carrión, Walter Besio, and Luisa Rocha. "Transcranial Focal Electrical Stimulation Modifies Biogenic Amines’ Alterations Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in Rat Brain." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14080706.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Transcranial focal stimulation (TFS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation strategy with neuroprotective effects. On the other hand, 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA) induces neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal system producing modifications in the dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and histaminergic systems. The present study was conducted to test whether repetitive application of TFS avoids the biogenic amines’ changes induced by the intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA. Experiments were designed to determine the tissue content of dopamine, serotonin, and histamine in the brain of animals injected with 6-OHDA and then receiving daily TFS for 21 days. Tissue content of biogenic amines was evaluated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum, ipsi- and contralateral to the side of 6-OHDA injection. Results obtained were compared to animals with 6-OHDA, TFS alone, and a Sham group. The present study revealed that TFS did not avoid the changes in the tissue content of dopamine in striatum. However, TFS was able to avoid several of the changes induced by 6-OHDA in the tissue content of dopamine, serotonin, and histamine in the different brain areas evaluated. Interestingly, TFS alone did not induce significant changes in the different brain areas evaluated. The present study showed that repetitive TFS avoids the biogenic amines’ changes induced by 6-OHDA. TFS can represent a new therapeutic strategy to avoid the neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA.
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Firas Basim Ismail, Nizar F.O. Al-Muhsen, and Ain Amira Johari. "Thermal Comfort Analysis for Overhead and Underfloor Air Distribution Systems." CFD Letters 13, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.13.12.113132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Underfloor and overhead air distributions are two types of Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system in which both differs in term of channelling the supplied air into a space. Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system channels the supplied air from the underfloor plenum and goes to the return vent at the ceiling. On the other hand, the overhead air distribution (OHAD) system utilizes the ceiling-to-ceiling air pathway approach. In this study, A developed HVAC model was proposed. Ansys Fluent program was used to numerically investigate the best thermal comfort of the proposed model in terms of occupant satisfaction by referring to ASHRAE Standard. Two scenarios were designed and adopted in the computational investigation which is OHAD and UFAD. Three heat-generating parameters were involved which are a room lamp, personal computer and occupant. The attained computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation results were validated. Generally, the attained CFD results showed that the UFAD system could perform better compare to the OHAD system even though the OHAD system could have some benefits. Specifically, the UFAD system provided the best thermal performance whereas the OHAD system was found to be less efficient in providing thermal comfort to the occupant and consumed a greater amount of energy because it was required to cool down the whole room instead of being cooled partly. The CFD results confirmed that the UFAD system was capable of maintaining the room temperature at 26°C at a height below 2.0 m compared to 1.2 m of the OHAD system. In conclusion, the UFAD system could provide better indoor air quality, and it could have superior performance for the tropic weather regions such as Malaysia compared to that of the OHAD system. Besides, using the UFAD system could be represented a preventive action that could be proposed to solve the mould growth inside any occupied room.
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Kaminer, Jaime, Pratibha Thakur, and Craig Evinger. "Effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on blink abnormalities of 6-OHDA lesioned rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 9 (May 2015): 3038–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01072.2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model share blink abnormalities. In view of the evolutionarily conserved organization of blinking, characterization of blink reflex circuits in rodents may elucidate the neural mechanisms of PD reflex abnormalities. We examine the extent of this shared pattern of blink abnormalities by measuring blink reflex excitability, blink reflex plasticity, and spontaneous blinking in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. We also investigate whether 130-Hz subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) affects blink abnormalities, as it does in PD patients. Like PD patients, 6-OHDA-lesioned rats exhibit reflex blink hyperexcitability, impaired blink plasticity, and a reduced spontaneous blink rate. At 130 Hz, but not 16 Hz, STN DBS eliminates reflex blink hyperexcitability and restores both short- and long-term blink plasticity. Replicating its lack of effect in PD patients, 130-Hz STN DBS does not reinstate a normal temporal pattern or rate to spontaneous blinking in 6-OHDA lesioned rats. These data show that the 6-OHDA lesioned rat is an ideal model system for investigating the neural bases of reflex abnormalities in PD and highlight the complexity of PD's effects on motor control, by showing that dopamine depletion does not affect all blink systems via the same neural mechanisms.
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Yazulla, Stephen, and Keith M. Studholme. "Volume transmission of dopamine may modulate light-adaptive plasticity of horizontal cell dendrites in the recovery phase following dopamine depletion in goldfish retina." Visual Neuroscience 12, no. 5 (September 1995): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800009391.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe investigated the recovery of light-adaptive spinule formation following dopamine depletion with intraocular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and subsequent neogeneration of dopamine interplexiform cells (DA-IPC) at the marginal zone. DA-IPCs were gone by 2 weeks postinjection and appeared at the marginal zone by 6 weeks postinjection, at which time DA-IPC neurites grew toward the central retina, reaching within 0.5 mm of the central retina by 1 year. Retinas from day time, light-adapted fish at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year postinjection with 6-OHDA were processed for pre-embedding tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TOH-IR) and compared to sham-injected and control retinas at the electron-microscopical (EM) level. Only 6-OHDA fish that tilted markedly toward the injected eye were used for these experiments. The tilt mimics the dorsal light reaction, indicating a 2–2.5 log unit increase in the photopic sensitivity of the 6-OHDA eye. Spinule formation was reduced by about 60% in the 2- and 4-week 6-OHDA retinas, but returned to control levels throughout the entire retina of 3-month and 1 year 6-OHDA retinas even though the central region of these retinas contained no detectable TOH-IR. Intraocular injection with 10 μM SCH 23390 (a Dl antagonist) reduced light-adaptive spinule formation by 50% both in control eyes as well as those eyes that were 3 months post 6-OHDA injected. The full return of spinule formation with only partial reinnervation of the retina with DA-IPC processes and their subsequent inhibition by SCH 23390 indicates that dopamine diffused large distances within the retina to regulate this synaptic plasticity (i.e. displayed volume transmission). Also, since all 6-OHDA injected fish displayed an increased photopic sensitivity in the injected eye when sacrificed, we suggest that horizontal cell spinules are not required for photopic luminosity coding in the outer retina.
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Roginsky, Vitaly A., Tatjana K. Barsukova, Gernot Bruchelt, and Hartmut B. Stegmann. "The Oxidation of Catecholamines and 6-Hydroxydopamine by Molecular Oxygen: Effect of Ascorbate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 52, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1997): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-5-617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Comparative kinetic studies on the oxidation of catecholamines (CA) (dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP). norepinephrine (NEP)) serving as a neuromediator in the sympathetic nervous system, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a wellknown neurotoxic agent, were performed in the presence of ascorbate (AscH- ) in 50 mᴍ phosphate buffer, pH 7.40, at 37 °C by using a Clark electrode, EPR and the absorption spectroscopy. The oxidation of CA and DOPA alone was found to be a self-accelerating process, with quinone products (Q) acting as autocatalysts. The rate of oxygen consumption (Rox) increased with time and reached a steady-state level. A starting value of Rox increased in the order: EP < DOPA ≈ NEP ≪ DA ≪ 6-OHDA, whereas a steady-state value of Rox changed in the order: DOPA < DA < NEP ≪ EP ≪ 6-OHDA. The changes in Rox with time were found to correlate with the resistance of primary Q to the intramolecular cyclization. The effect of AscH- on CA oxidation depended dramatically on whether AscH- was added to non-oxidized or preoxidized CA. Added to non-oxidized CA and DOPA, AscH- inhibited their oxidation (but not that of 6-OHDA). For the case of DA, a pronounced lag period was observed by both a Clark electrode and spectrophotometrically. The addition of AscH- to preoxidized CA, DOPA and 6-OHDA induced an increase in Rox a steadystate concentration of the ascorbyl radical. The kinetic behaviour of the systems was determined by two major factors: 1) AscH- suppressed the formation of Q, a catalyst for CA oxidation, most likely due to the reaction of AscH- with the semiquinone formed from CA; 2) Q derived both from CA and 6-OHDA catalyzed AscH- oxidation. The elevated cytotoxicity of 6-OHDA was found to be in part caused by the condition that 6-OHDA oxidation was not inhibited by AscH- and by the high efficiency of 6-OHDA as a redox cycling agent in combination with A scH−. These observations explain the very pronounced and prolonged cytotoxicity of 6-OHDA even at low concentrations that increases at elevated concentrations of AscH- .
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Oliynyk, Zh, M. Rudyk, V. Svyatetska, T. Dovbynchuk, G. Tolstanova, and L. Skivka. "Systemic inflammation biomarkers in 6-OHDA- and LPS-induced Parkinson’s disease in rats." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 94, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj94.01.033.
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Bonaz, B., L. Martin, E. Beurriand, M. Manier, J. Hostein, and C. Feuerstein. "Modulation of the migrating myoelectric complex by brain noradrenergic systems in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 260, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): G340—G345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.260.2.g340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The respective role of central and peripheral noradrenergic systems in the control of migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was investigated in rats following lesions with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). 6-OHDA was injected via intraperitoneal (ip), intracisternal (icis), and intracerebroventricular (icv) routes in rats. Control animals received the vehicle alone. One month later, MMC was recorded in conscious rats chronically fitted with electrodes. The MMC period was significantly lengthened after 6-OHDA ip or icv injection, and slightly shortened after 6-OHDA icis injection. No disruption of central noradrenergic systems was detected after ip lesions. Norepinephrine content was reduced in the digestive tract after ip lesions, in the spinal cord after icis lesions, and in the cortex, the hypothalamus, pons-medulla, and the spinal cord after icv lesions. After icis lesions, noradrenergic perikarya were spared in pons-medulla, whereas only pons noradrenergic perikarya were lesioned after icv lesions. We conclude that lesions of brain noradrenergic systems modify MMC periodicity in rats. The rostral noradrenergic systems may play the major modulatory role.
Дисертації з теми "OHADA System"
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Ndzuenkeu, Alexis. "Le système OHADA et l'intégration juridique en Afrique." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU10006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reposant sur un transfert de compétences législatives et juridictionnelles, des Etats membres vers l’organisation commune, l’Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires (OHADA) apparaît comme un instrument d’intégration juridique. L’OHADA aménage une combinaison de normes et d’institutions supranationales et nationales, le fonctionnement du système ainsi mis en place n’ayant pas encore fait l’objet d’une évaluation d’ensemble. La présente thèse vise par conséquent à évaluer l’aptitude du système OHADA à réaliser l’intégration recherchée du continent africain. Pour y parvenir, il faut examiner l’articulation des rapports entre les organes et normes de droit interne et ceux découlant du Traité constitutif de l’organisation supranationale. En mettant ainsi en évidence les éléments de politique législative et de technique juridique qui structurent la construction communautaire OHADA, il sera possible d’identifier les forces et les faiblesses du système, et de formuler des propositions d’amélioration de cet instrument d’intégration juridiqueThe Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), as it is based on a transfer of legislative and jurisdictional powers from the Member States to the joint organization, is seen to be a tool for legal integration. Indeed, OHADA combines both supranational and national norms and institutions. However, the operation of this system has not yet been comprehensively assessed. This study therefore aims to assess the ability of the OHADA system to achieve the desired integration of the African continent. To this end, it is necessary to review how the relationships between the bodies and norms of domestic law and those resulting from the Treaty establishing the supranational organization are articulated. Highlighting the features of legislative policy and legal technic that structure the OHADA Community construction will enable to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the system, and hence, to formulate proposals for improving this legal integration tool
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Valdez, Alassana. "Aplicabilidade das normas de tratados internacionais no direito comercial: caso da Ohada no ordenamento jurídico guineense." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10707.
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O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a aplicabilidade das normas de tratados internacionais no direito comercial particularmente no caso do Tratado da OHADA na Guiné-Bissau do ponto de vista jurídico-constitucional e de direito internacional. Analisam-se na presente pesquisa os conflitos emergentes com a adesão da Guiné-Bissau a essa organização internacional não olvidando as teorias clássicas sobre o tema isto é as teorias monista e dualista. Neste caso enfatizou-se a problemática da supranacionalidade da OHADA a questão da aplicação direta e obrigatória dos seus atos normativos por parte dos Estados-Membros e na falta de normas constitucionais guineenses respeitantes à relação com as normas do direito internacional verificou-se quais as possíveis soluções oferecidas pela doutrina. Ademais procurou-se comparar os dois ordenamentos jurídicos com a finalidade de constatar as inovações introduzidas pelos atos normativos da OHADA considerando que não houve uma revogação total e global das normas comerciais vigentes. Tudo isso sem perder de vista a análise do seu ordenamento jurídico e suas características. Foi observado por outro lado que a Guiné-Bissau não somente carece de preceitos sobre o valor que as normas internacionais ocupam no seu direito interno, como também constatou-se que não admite a supranacionalidade, constituindo assim um verdadeiro obstáculo à integração política e supranacional visada pela OHADA.
Salvador
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Toh, Aymar. "La prévention des difficultés des entreprises : étude comparée de droit français et droit OHADA." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0284/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conséquence de l’insuffisance du traitement judiciaire des difficultés des entreprises, le droit de la prévention connaît un attrait de plus en plus important. En droit français et en droit Ohada, la loi du 26 juillet 2005 et l’acte uniforme portant procédure collectives d’apurement du passif ont mis l’accent sur les solutions négociées en vue de redresser la courbe des nombreuses défaillances d’entreprise. Malgré la richesse de l’ensemble des systèmes de prévention au regard du nombre important des mesures incitatives instituées en faveur du débiteur et des créanciers, la confrontation du système français de prévention et du système Ohada de prévention appelle à des résultats mitigés. Même si des deux systèmes le système français de prévention apparaît le plus structuré et le mieux organisé et donc appelé à servir de modèle au droit Ohada, force est de constater que l’objectif de sauvetage poursuivi par les deux législateurs est loin d’être atteint. Dans les faits, le nombre des défaillances d’entreprise augmente de manière considérable, ce qui traduit à l’évidence le caractère inefficace des différents mécanismes juridiques de prévention proposés. Par conséquent, une réforme de l’ensemble des dispositifs de prévention dans les deux ordres juridiques s’impose inéluctablement. Au delà, de l’approche comparative qu’impose ce sujet, il a surtout pour ambition de s’inscrire dans une approche nouvelle du droit des entreprises en difficultés qui prône désormais la contractualisation de la matière afin de la rendre efficaceDue to the inadequate judicial processing of difficulties encountered by enterprises today, the right to prevention is becoming more and more attractive. In France as in Ohada, the law of July 26 2005 and the uniform act concerning collective procedures of passive clearance have stressed the importance of the negociated solutions in order to straighten the curve of the numerous company failures. On account of incitative mesures in favor of debtors and creditors, the confrontation of the French prevention system and the Ohada prevention system have limited results despite the quality of the various prevention systems. Even though the French prevention system, which appears to be better structured and better organized, serves as a model to the juidicial system of Ohada, it must be noted that both legislators are far from achieving their goals. In fact, company failures are increasing rapidly, highlighting the ineffectiveness of the judicial prevention mecanisms that have been proposed until now. Consequently, a reform of all prevention devices in both judicial orders is required. Moreover, the comparative approach set by this matter's principle aim is to develop a new approach in company law which henceforth advocates contractualization of the matter in order to make it more effective
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Oliveira, Barai Ludimila Samira de. "O regime juridico da venda comercial no espaco OHADA (Organizacao para Harmonizacao do Direito dos Negocios em Africa) e a sua aplicacao no sistema juridico da Guine-Bissau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1796032.
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Chanhoun, Maxime José. "La mesure des performances financières des entreprises béninoises et ses enjeux." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La recherche initiée traite de l'évaluation de la pertinence du référentiel comptable de l'OHADA à traduire fidèlement la réalité économique vécue par les entreprises béninoises et particulièrement à permettre la mesure des performances financières desdites entreprises. La philosophie de la recherche procède de l'idée que l'on ne peut diriger que ce que l'on peut mesurer, et qu'il est nécessaire de s'assurer de la fiabilité des éléments qui fondent les décisions de gestion et d'investissement, ainsi que les politiques économiques.Les investigations menées sur un échantillon représentatif de plus de 300 producteurs et utilisateurs de l'information comptable et financière ont permis de faire émerger leurs besoins et le degré de satisfaction desdits besoins. Les travaux effectués révèlent les défaillances à la base des systèmes d'information comptable mis en œuvre dans les entreprises béninoises, ce qui conduit à mettre en doute la fiabilité des états financiers produits. Pour pallier cette insuffisance, un modèle de gestion des données de base est proposé pour améliorer la collecte desdites données, et a fortiori, contribuer à la pertinence du processus décisionnel des managers, rassurer les investisseurs potentiels et surtout rendre efficaces les orientations économiques des gouvernantsThe undertaken research deals with the evaluation of the OHADA accountancy system of reference aptness to express accurately the factual economic reality experienced by the beninese enterprises and particularly to enable the financial performance assessment of these enterprises.The philosophy originates in the idea that one manages only what can be assessed, and that it is necessary to make sure the different bases of management and investment decisions are reliable, as well as the economic policies.The investigation led on a representative range of more than three hundred accountancy information producers and users help us make their needs and the degree (level) of satisfaction of these needs stand out.The carried out work reveal the weaknesses at the base (root) of the accountancy information systems implemented by the Beninese enterprises, what leads to question the reliability of the provided financial statements. To compensate this inadequacy, a model of data base management has been proposed so as to ameliorate the collection of these data, and all the decision process, to ease the potential investors and above all to make more efficient the government economic orientations
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Ngomo, Obiang Renaud Fernand. "La sécurité du système bancaire africain : contribution à la modernisation de la régulation bancaire dans la CEMAC." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La recrudescence des crises bancaires et financières place la problématique de la sécurité financière au centre des grands enjeux des politiques de régulation économique. En effet, la crise dite des Subprimes et les crises budgétaires y consécutives, puis la crise chypriote avec le sentiment de défiance du public qui en a résulté, amènent à penser que seule la sécurité financière permet de sauvegarder l’industrie financière malgré elle. Cet enjeu, plus pragmatique du reste, semble davantage trouver un écho en droit, contrairement à celui de stabilité financière qui apparait plutôt subjective, voire incantatoire.En Afrique centrale, comme dans les systèmes juridiques de tradition romano-latine, la question de la sécurité financière procède d’abord du statut juridique des déposants bancaires, de leur place dans l’ordre légal de désintéressement des créanciers, en cas défaillance. Mais la question de la sécurité d’un système bancaire intéresse aussi les établissements de crédit eux-mêmes, non simplement en raison de la nature risquée de leurs activités de transformation, mais surtout en raison de l’existence d’un risque systémique exacerbé par l’ingénierie financière. La question de la sécurité se pose dès lors non simplement en terme de protection des acteurs pris individuellement, mais davantage en terme de préservation voire de sauvegarde de l’outil économique qu’est le système bancaire et/ou financierThe resurgence of banking and financial crises up the issue of financial security at the center of major policy issues of economic regulation. Indeed, the so-called subprime crisis and subsequent fiscal crises there, and the Cyprus crisis with a sense of public defiance that resulted, one may suggest that financial security will save the financial industry in spite of herself. This issue, more pragmatic moreover, seems to resonate more in law, unlike that of financial stability that appears rather subjective or incantatory. In Central Africa, as in the legal systems of Roman- Latin tradition, the question of financial security shall first the legal status of bank depositors, their place in the legal order of payment of creditors in the event of failure. But the question of the security of the banking system as interest credit institutions themselves, not simply because of the risky nature of their processing activities, but mainly because of the existence of systemic risk exacerbated by financial engineering. The question of safety arises therefore not simply in terms of protection of individual players , but more in terms of preservation or backup tool called economic banking and / or financial
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Tagourla, Fatimata. "Le statut des dirigeants sociaux dans l'espace Ohada : étude critique et comparaison avec le systeme francais." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les dirigeants sociaux se trouvent au cœur de la problématique de la gouvernance des sociétés. Le législateur OHADA, reprenant les règles posées par son homologue français, dans la loi de 1966, a établi un ensemble de règles applicables au dirigeant et visant à lui construire un statut. Ces règles sont relatives à l’organisation des fonctions sociales, aux pouvoirs dévolus aux dirigeants ou encore à la responsabilité et au régime de révocation qui leur sont applicables. Toutefois, s’il faut reconnaitre au droit OHADA le mérite d’avoir structuré et unifié des régimes autrefois marqués par la disparité et l’archaïsme, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’il reprend les failles du système français. En effet, ce dernier est, d’une part, marqué par l’absence d’un statut unique pour le dirigeant et, d’autre part, par un certain dualisme et déséquilibre entre les dirigeants. Il en est par exemple ainsi lorsque l’on considère le régime de révocation des dirigeants, lequel assure une protection à certains alors que d’autres demeurent dans une relative instabilité. Cette disparité se manifeste également à travers le régime de responsabilité obligeant à distinguer selon la situation patrimoniale de la société. L’objet de la présente thèse sera, après avoir dressé un inventaire de l’effort de structuration posé par le droit uniforme, de dresser des pistes de réflexion pour l’émergence d’une bonne gouvernance des sociétés commercialesThe social leaders are at the heart of the problem of the governance of societies. The legislator OHADA, resuming rule taken of his French counterpart, in the law of 1966, established a set of rules applicable to the leaders.These rules are relative to the organization to the social functions, to the powers devolved to the leaders or still to the responsibility and to the system of revocation who are applicable to them. However, if it is necessary to recognize in the right of OHADA the merit to have structured and unified the system formerly marked by the disparity and the archaism, the fact remains that it resumes the faults of the French system.Indeed, the later is marked, on one hand, by the absence of a unique status for the leader and, on the other hand, by a certain dualism and imbalance between the leaders. It is there for example so when we consider the system of revocation of the leaders, which assures a protection for some while others live in a relative instability. This disparity also shows itself through the liability scheme obliging to distinguish according to the patrimonial situation of the society.The object of the present thesis will be, after having established an inventory of the effort of structuration by the uniform loi, to draw up lines of thought for the emergence of good governance
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Travaini, Grégory. "De l’influence des puissances européennes sur la résolution des conflits en Afrique de l’Ouest : la culture juridique « africaine »." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse doctorale a pour objet l’étude et en particulier l’influence qu’a pu avoir, et qu’ont toujours, les puissances européennes sur la résolution des conflits en Afrique de l’Ouest et ainsi déterminer s'il existe une culture juridique « africaine »This thesis is devoted to the study the influence of the European powers on past and present dispute resolution in West African legal systems and thereby to determine whether an "African legal culture" exists
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Fuqua, Joshua Lee. "STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF DOPAMINE NEURON STIMULATING PEPTIDES IN RODENT MODELS OF NORMAL AND DYSFUNCTIONAL DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEMS." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/90.
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A theoretical post-translational processing model of the proprotein form of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) likely produces three biologically active peptides. The three prospective peptides formed are 5, 11, and 17 amino acid peptides, entitled dopamine neuron stimulating peptide -5 (DNSP-5), -11 (DNSP-11), and -17 (DNSP-17), respectively. The DNSPs were hypothesized to increase dopaminergic neuron function because of their relationship to GDNF: a molecule with established neurotrophic actions on dopaminergic neurons. The DNSPs have the potential to provide a therapeutic molecule similar to GDNF, but with increased ease of delivery and improved bioavailability.
Neurochemical effects of DNSPs were examined in the nigrostriatal pathway of normal Fischer 344 rats, and DNSP-11 was found to be the most effective in increasing dopamine neurochemical function. Striatal microdialysis, four weeks after a single intranigral administration of DNSP-11, showed significant increases in the baseline concentrations of dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA. In addition, both, potassium and d-amphetamine-evoked dopamine overflow were significantly increased.
DNSP-11 was delivered intranigrally to aged Fischer 344 rats to examine DNSP-11’s ability to improve dopaminergic function in aged dopamine neurons. DNSP-11 affected striatal dopaminergic function 28 days after treatment by decreasing baseline concentrations of dopamine and evoked dopamine release.
Investigation of DNSP-11 continued, using two models of neurotoxin-induced dopamine neuron loss that model cell loss associated with Parkinson’s disease. The neuroprotective properties of DNSP-11 were evaluated by delivering DNSP-11 prior to the neurotoxic insult. DNSP-11 treatment was unable to protect dopaminergic neurons, but significantly increased dopamine metabolism. In a model of severe dopamine neuron loss, DNSP-11 treatment significantly improved apomorphine-induced rotation behavior, indicative of alterations in the function of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Subsequent examination of dopamine content within the SN revealed significant increases in dopamine and DOPAC levels by DNSP-11.
Taken together, DNSP-11 treatments modified dopamine neurochemistry in all investigated rodent models. The observed long-term alterations of dopamine neurochemistry by DNSP-11 and subsequent behavioral changes support a potential use for DNSP-11 as a therapeutic for dopaminergic cell loss. Increased dopaminergic function by DNSP-11 is evidence for the novel concept that peptides contained within the prodomain of trophic factors can have neurotrophic actions.
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Sonne, James H. "EFFECTS OF INTRANASALLY ADMINISTERED DNSP-11 ON THE CENTRAL DOPAMINE SYSTEM OF NORMAL AND PARKINSONIAN FISCHER 344 RATS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/neurobio_etds/5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the blood-brain barrier, delivery of many drugs to the brain has required intracranial surgery which is prone to complication. Here we show that Dopamine Neuron Stimulating Peptide 11 (DNSP-11), following non-invasive intranasal administration, protects dopaminergic neurons from a lesion model of Parkinson’s disease in the rat. A significant and dose-dependent increase in an index of dopamine turnover (the ratio of DOPAC to dopamine) was observed in the striatum of normal young adult Fischer 344 rats by whole-tissue neurochemistry compared to vehicle administered controls.
Among animals challenged with a moderate, unilateral 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the substantia nigra, those treated repeatedly with intranasally administered DNSP-11 exhibited greater numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive dopaminergic neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra and greater TH+ fiber density in the striatum when compared to animals treated intranasally with vehicle only or a scrambled version of the DNSP-11 sequence. Lesioned animals that received intranasal DNSP-11 treatment did not exhibit abnormal, apomorphine-induced rotation behavior, contrasted with animals that received only vehicle or scrambled peptide that did exhibit significantly greater rotation behavior.
In addition, the endogenous expression of DNSP-11 from the pro-region of GDNF was investigated by immunohistochemistry with a custom, polyclonal antibody. Signal from the DNSP-11 antibody was found to be differentially localized from the mature GDNF protein both spatially and temporally. While DNSP-11-like immunoreactivity extensively colocalizes with GDNF immunoreactivity at post-natal day 10, the day of maximal GDNF expression, DNSP-11-like signal was found to be present in the 3 month old rat brain with signal in the substantia nigra, ventral thalamic nucleus, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, with the strongest signal observed in the locus ceruleus where GDNF is not expressed. Results from immunoprecipitation of brain homogenate were not consistent with the synthetic, amidated 11 amino-acid rat DNSP-11 sequence. However, binding patterns in the literature of NPY, the only homologous sequence present in the CNS, do not recapitulate the immunoreactive patterns observed for the DNSP-11 signal.
This study provides evidence for a potential easy-to-administer intranasal therapeutic using the DNSP-11 peptide for protection from a 6-OHDA lesion rat model of Parkinson’s disease.
Книги з теми "OHADA System"
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Sambe, Oumar. Comptable: Système comptable OHADA, SYSCOHADA. 3rd ed. Dakar, Sénégal: Editions comptables et juridiques, 2003.
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Organisation pour l'harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires. Actes uniformes OHADA: SYSCOA, droit comptable dans les états de l'UEMOA. [Dakar: Synergie experts, 1998.
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Séré, Souleymane. Droit comptable: Système comptable OHADA (SYSCOH), système comptable ouest africain (SYSCOA). Ouagadougou: Panafricaine d'audit du Burkina, 2002.
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Antoine, Maffei, and Cazali Jean-Renaud. 13 Project Finance in Civil Law Jurisdictions. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715559.003.0014.
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This chapter analyses the origins of project financing under civil law since the origins of the concession systems, especially in France, and its influence on the project financing and on the existing legal corpus applicable to public contracts. A large part of the chapter is dedicated to the issues arising from secured lending and to the various types of security interests available in civil law jurisdictions. The authors also describe the OHADA legal system seeking to harmonize business laws in Africa. The OHADA is deeply influenced by French civil law. A recent reform relating to security has incorporated in the OHADA Uniform Act several security interests practised and developed in the last 30 years in France.
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EASY OS/2 (INTERNATIONAL) OHARA. Prentice Hall (Higher Education Division, Pearson Education), 1993.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "OHADA System"
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Brundin, P., F. H. Gage, S. B. Dunnett, and A. Björklund. "Long-term Locomotor and Cognitive Deficits in Rats with 6-OHDA Lesions of the VTA: A Model for Transplantation Studies." In Dopaminergic Systems and their Regulation, 447–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07431-0_62.
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Arnt, J. "Independent Dopamine D-1 and D-2 Receptor Regulation of Dopamine Agonist-induced Hyperactivity in 6-OHDA Lesioned Rats; but not in Normal Rats." In Dopaminergic Systems and their Regulation, 449–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07431-0_63.
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Gathii, James Thuo, and Harrison Otieno Mbori. "Reference Guide to Africa’s International Courts." In The Performance of Africa's International Courts, 300–344. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868477.003.0009.
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This chapter is a general introduction to the eight active international courts in Africa, and the ninth inactive court, the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) Judicial Organ. The international courts in Africa stem from two sources: from the sub-regional economic integration arrangements and the regional human rights system of the African Union. The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights is the regional human rights court in Africa. The chapter presents an overview of the general characteristics of these courts. First, excluding the AMU Judicial Organ, they all allow, or have allowed, cases from individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), in addition to states against states. Second, excluding the African Court for cases by individuals or NGOs, these courts have compulsory jurisdiction. Third, although all of these courts allow states to file cases against each other, bar one exception, there have been none. The guide starts with the human rights-oriented courts: East African Court of Justice (EACJ); Economic Community for West African States (ECOWAS) Community Court of Justice (ECCJ); South African Development Community (SADC) Tribunal; and the African Court and Commission. It then discusses the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Court of Justice, and courts that focus on economic disputes: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa Common Court Justice and Arbitration (OHADA CCJA); Court of Justice of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) Court of Justice; the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) Court of Justice; and the least active of them, the AMU Judicial Organ.
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Yang, Zijin, Kate Pahinui, and David Leake. "22 Systems of Care Outcome Profile for the Hawaii Ohana Project." In International Perspectives on Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 381–96. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5911(00)80023-8.
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Jaime, Gallegos-Zúñiga. "Part 2 National and Regional Reports, Part 2.5 Latin America: Coordinated by Lauro Gama and José Antonio Moreno Rodríguez, 57 Chile: Chilean Perspectives on the Hague Principles." In Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198840107.003.0057.
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This chapter focuses on Chilean perspectives on the Hague Principles. Due to the scarce and mostly unilateral provisions on private international law contained in Chilean legislation, there remain large gaps in the system. Chilean judges must therefore deduce relevant principles, and the result is often unclear solutions. Nevertheless, the recognition of party autonomy is increasingly gaining ground in academic literature and court judgments. On 2 October 2017, the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, the Faculty of Law at the University of Chile, and the Chilean Association of Private International Law signed an agreement to compose a Draft Act of Private International Law. This work is being developed by a commission of specialists and originally revolved around the draft Model Act of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in the Caribbean (OHADAC) of 2014. Many of the ideas contained in the Hague Principles have been acknowledged and included in the draft, which is expected to be submitted to the National Congress. Given the lack of rules that specify the scope of party autonomy, the provisions contained in this instrument would be a welcome contribution to the Chilean legal system.
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Gromova, E. A., and T. P. Semyonova. "The Learning and Exploratory Behaviour of Rats with Deprivation Catecholaminergic Brain Systems Activity Induced by 6-OHDA." In Learning and Memory, 325–28. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034186-6.50059-1.
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