Готові списки джерел за темами / Offshore wind turbine blades (OWTB)

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Offshore wind turbine blades (OWTB)"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 25 січня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Offshore wind turbine blades (OWTB)"

Aoujdad, Khalid, BA Elhadji-Amadou, Pierre Marechal, Damien Leduc, Alexandre Vivet, Florian Gehring, and Mounsif ECH-CHERIF El-Kettani. "Integrated analysis of materials for offshore wind turbine blades: mechanical and acoustical coupling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2904, no. 1 (November 1, 2024): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2904/1/012004.

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Abstract This work focuses on assessing the structural degradation of offshore wind turbine blade (OWTB) materials caused by exposure to the marine environment using acoustic and mechanical methods. Samples, consisting of a glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminate with a styrene-acrylo-nitrile (SAN) foam core, are subjected to an accelerated hygrothermal ageing by immersion in seawater at 28-30% salinity, thermostated at 40°C. Non-destructive characterisation using ultrasonic waves and mechanical testing, including 3- and 4-point bending tests, are carried out. These results are in agreement with mechanical tests which show an 8% reduction in maximum stress for the same immersion time.

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Bhattacharya, Subhamoy, Suryakanta Biswal, Muhammed Aleem, Sadra Amani, Athul Prabhakaran, Ganga Prakhya, Domenico Lombardi, and Harsh K. Mistry. "Seismic Design of Offshore Wind Turbines: Good, Bad and Unknowns." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 3496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123496.

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Large scale offshore wind farms are relatively new infrastructures and are being deployed in regions prone to earthquakes. Offshore wind farms comprise of both offshore wind turbines (OWTs) and balance of plants (BOP) facilities, such as inter-array and export cables, grid connection etc. An OWT structure can be either grounded systems (rigidly anchored to the seabed) or floating systems (with tension legs or catenary cables). OWTs are dynamically-sensitive structures made of a long slender tower with a top-heavy mass, known as Nacelle, to which a heavy rotating mass (hub and blades) is attached. These structures, apart from the variable environmental wind and wave loads, may also be subjected to earthquake related hazards in seismic zones. The earthquake hazards that can affect offshore wind farm are fault displacement, seismic shaking, subsurface liquefaction, submarine landslides, tsunami effects and a combination thereof. Procedures for seismic designing OWTs are not explicitly mentioned in current codes of practice. The aim of the paper is to discuss the seismic related challenges in the analysis and design of offshore wind farms and wind turbine structures. Different types of grounded and floating systems are considered to evaluate the seismic related effects. However, emphasis is provided on Tension Leg Platform (TLP) type floating wind turbine. Future research needs are also identified.

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Vuong, Nguyen Van, and Mai Hong Quan. "Fatigue analysis of jacket support structure for offshore wind turbines." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2019-13(1)-05.

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In the past few decades and up to now, the fossil energy has exerted tremendous impacts on human environments and gives rise to greenhouse effects while the wind power, especially in offshore region, is an attractive renewable energy resource. For offshore fixed wind turbine, stronger foundation like jacket structure has a good applicability for deeper water depth. Once water depth increases, dynamic responses of offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures become an important issue. The primary factor will be the total height of support structure increases when wind turbine is installed at offshore locations with deeper water depth, in other words the fatigue life of each components of support structure decrease. The other one will experience more wind forces due to its large blades, apart from wave, current forces, when makes a comparison with offshore oil and gas platforms. Summing up two above reasons, fatigue analysis, in this research, is a crucial aspect for design of offshore wind turbine structures which are subjected to time series wind, wave loads and carried out by aiding of SACS software for model simulation (P-M rules and S-N curves) and Matlab code. Results show that the fatigue life of OWT is decreased accordingly by increasing the wind speed acting on the blades, especially with the simultaneous interaction between wind and wind-induced wave. Hence, this should be considered in wind turbine design. Keywords: offshore wind turbine; Jacket structure; fatigue analysis; P-M rules; S-N curves. Received 01 October 2018, Revised 19 November 2018, Accepted 31 January 2019

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Wen, K. Z., D. Dehtyriov, and B. W. Byrne. "Assessing aerodynamic influences on offshore foundation design for large wind farms." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2745, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2745/1/012023.

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Abstract An evaluation of the impact of aerodynamic interactions on offshore wind turbine (OWT) monopile design in large wind farms is presented. The interactions between turbines within a wind farm, and between the atmosphere and the entire wind-farm, act to reduce the mean effective loads across the farm. This reduction impacts the operational performance of OWT foundations in two notable ways: a decrease in turbine structural loads which affects design to serviceability limit state and a shift in excitation frequencies of the passing blades which impacts fatigue performance. To assess the implications on monopile design, we conduct static and dynamic analyses using a 1-D finite element model (FEM). We show that the farmatmosphere interaction effect leads to marked reduction in monopile lengths between ∼ 5 − 25% across an entire wind farm. The dynamic analysis reveals a competing balance between shifting frequency bands and reduced wind loads on the fatigue response. The monopile design is found to be strongly dependent on wind farm size and ratio of wind to wave loading, with wave loading coupled to the farm-atmosphere interaction effect. Exploiting these interactions plays a pivotal role in reducing the levelised cost of wind energy and ensuring robust design of OWTs.

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Roni Sahroni, Taufik. "Modeling and Simulation of Offshore Wind Power Platform for 5 MW Baseline NREL Turbine." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/819384.

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This paper presents the modeling and simulation of offshore wind power platform for oil and gas companies. Wind energy has become the fastest growing renewable energy in the world and major gains in terms of energy generation are achievable when turbines are moved offshore. The objective of this project is to propose new design of an offshore wind power platform. Offshore wind turbine (OWT) is composed of three main structures comprising the rotor/blades, the tower nacelle, and the supporting structure. The modeling analysis was focused on the nacelle and supporting structure. The completed final design was analyzed using finite element modeling tool ANSYS to obtain the structure’s response towards loading conditions and to ensure it complies with guidelines laid out by classification authority Det Norske Veritas. As a result, a new model of the offshore wind power platform for 5 MW Baseline NREL turbine was proposed.

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Algolfat, Amna, Weizhuo Wang, and Alhussein Albarbar. "The Sensitivity of 5MW Wind Turbine Blade Sections to the Existence of Damage." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031367.

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Due to the large size of offshore wind turbine blades (OWTBs) and the corrosive nature of salt water, OWTs need to be safer and more reliable that their onshore counterparts. To ensure blade reliability, an accurate and computationally efficient structural dynamic model is an essential ingredient. If damage occurs to the structure, the intrinsic properties will change, e.g., stiffness reduction. Therefore, the blade’s dynamic characteristics will differ from those of the intact ones. Hence, symptoms of the damage are reflected in the dynamic characteristics that can be extracted from the damaged blade. Thus, damage identification in OWTBs has become a significant research focus. In this study, modal model characteristics were used for developing an effective damage detection method for WTBs. The technique was used to identify the performance of the blade’s sections and discover the warning signs of damage. The method was based on a vibration-based technique. It was adopted by investigating the influence of reduced blade element rigidity and its effect on the other blade elements. A computational structural dynamics model using Rayleigh beam theory was employed to investigate the behaviour of each blade section. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5MW blade benchmark was used to demonstrate the behaviour of different blade elements. Compared to previous studies in the literature, where only the simple structures were used, the present study offers a more comprehensive method to identify damage and determine the performance of complicated WTB sections. This technique can be implemented to identify the damage’s existence, and for diagnosis and decision support. The element most sensitive to damage was element number 14, which is NACA_64_618.

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Zhang, Peng, Zhengjie He, Chunyi Cui, Liang Ren, and Ruqing Yao. "Operational Modal Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbine Tower under Ambient Excitation." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121963.

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The condition of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) should be monitored to assure its reliability against various environmental loads and affections. The modal parameters of the OWT can be used as an indicator of its condition. This paper combines the Kalman filter, the random decrement technique (RDT), and the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) methods and proposes an RDT-SSI method to estimate the operational frequency of an OWT subjected to ambient excitation. This method imposes no requirement on the input/loads; therefore, it is relatively easy for field application. An experimental study with a small-scale OWT was conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed RDT-SSI method. The test results implied that the frequency estimated by the RDT-SSI method is close to that estimated by an impact hammer test. Moreover, the small-scale OWT was buried at different embedment depths to simulate the influence of the scouring phenomenon, and the frequency of the OWT decreased with decreasing embedment depth. Additionally, the bolts at the root of the turbine blades were also loosened to investigate their influence on the frequency. As more blades were loosened, the identified frequency of the OWT also decreased, indicating that the proposed RDT-SSI method can be employed for the health monitoring of an OWT.

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Lian, Jijian, Ou Cai, Xiaofeng Dong, Qi Jiang, and Yue Zhao. "Health Monitoring and Safety Evaluation of the Offshore Wind Turbine Structure: A Review and Discussion of Future Development." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020494.

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With the depletion of fossil energy, offshore wind power has become an irreplaceable energy source for most countries in the world. In recent years, offshore wind power generation has presented the gradual development trend of larger capacity, taller towers, and longer blades. The more flexible towers and blades have led to the structural operational safety of the offshore wind turbine (OWT) receiving increasing worldwide attention. From this perspective, health monitoring systems and operational safety evaluation techniques of the offshore wind turbine structure, including the monitoring system category, data acquisition and transmission, feature information extraction and identification, safety evaluation and reliability analysis, and the intelligent operation and maintenance, were systematically investigated and summarized in this paper. Furthermore, a review of the current status, advantages, disadvantages, and the future development trend of existing systems and techniques was also carried out. Particularly, the offshore wind power industry will continue to develop into deep ocean areas in the next 30 years in China. Practical and reliable health monitoring systems and safety evaluation techniques are increasingly critical for offshore wind farms. Simultaneously, they have great significance for strengthening operation management, making efficient decisions, and reducing failure risks, and are also the key link in ensuring safe energy compositions and achieving energy development targets in China. The aims of this article are to inform more scholars and experts about the status of the health monitoring and safety evaluation of the offshore wind turbine structure, and to contribute toward improving the efficiency of the corresponding systems and techniques.

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Colherinhas, G. B., F. Petrini, and M. V. G. de Morais. "Risk mitigation/performances incrementation of an offshore wind turbine with a flexible monopile foundation by means of a pendulum-tuned mass damper." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2647, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 032011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/3/032011.

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Abstract This paper proposes a multi-level system modeling for studying the structural behavior of an Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) with a flexible monopile foundation considering the Pile-Soil Interaction (PSI). This analysis shows that the structural response is affected by a significant uncertainty due to the randomness of the geometric and mechanical properties of the tower and foundation and by the environmental loads and rotating blades. With a Monte Carlo simulation, the sources of uncertainty of the so-called “environmental” and “exchange” zones are generated for a Performance-Based Wind Engineering (PBWE) design of OWTs. Hence, the structural response, the stresses along the foundation, and the power production are evaluated in probabilistic terms assisting the optimal design process of a Pendulum Tuned Mass Damper (PTMD) used to mitigate the structural vibration of an OWT.

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Tong, Yihui, Weitao Liu, Xuanyi Liu, Peng Wang, Zhe Sheng, Shengquan Li, Hao Zhang, et al. "Materials Design and Structural Health Monitoring of Horizontal Axis Offshore Wind Turbines: A State-of-the-Art Review." Materials 18, no. 2 (January 13, 2025): 329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020329.

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In recent decades, Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) have become crucial to the clean energy transition, yet they face significant safety challenges due to harsh marine conditions. Key issues include blade damage, material corrosion, and structural degradation, necessitating advanced materials and real-time monitoring systems for enhanced reliability. Carbon fiber has emerged as a preferred material for turbine blades due to its strength-to-weight ratio, although its high cost remains a barrier. Structural Health Monitoring Systems (SHMS) play a vital role in detecting potential faults through real-time data on structural responses and environmental conditions. Effective monitoring approaches include vibration analysis and acoustic emission detection, which facilitate early identification of anomalies. Additionally, robust data transmission technologies are essential for SHMS effectiveness. This paper reviews material design strategies, data acquisition methods, and safety assessment techniques for OWTs, addressing current challenges and future directions in the field.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Offshore wind turbine blades (OWTB)"

Aoujdad, Khalid. "Caractérisatiοns ultrasοnοres du vieillissement de pales d’hydroliennes et d’éoliennes en milieu marin. : Cοnfrοntatiοn aux essais mécaniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH24.

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Cette thèse porte sur la caractérisation non destructive par ondes ultrasonores des échantillons représentatifs des pales d’éoliennes offshore, avec confrontation aux tests mécaniques. Les échantillons sont en matériaux composites à base de la résine polyester renforcée par des fibres de verre UD GFRP (Unidirectional Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyester). Ils sont soumis à un vieillissement accéléré dans l’eau de mer chauffée à 40 °C et à 60 °C, afin de simuler le milieu marin et réduire la durée d’étude. L’objectif est de trouver des paramètres acoustiques sensibles au vieillissement permettant d’évaluer l’effet du vieillissement ou de le quantifier. L’analyse par ondes guidées de Lamb a montré une diminution des vitesses de phase des modes et de la vitesse de Rayleigh, ainsi que l’augmentation de l’atténuation dans le matériau, ce qui indique que les propriétés mécaniques des matériaux se dégradent à cause du vieillissement. L’imagerie C-scan montre une dégradation de la résine, entraînant la réorganisation des fibres et la modification de leur alignement. Une modélisation numérique par la méthode des éléments finis de la propagation des ondes guidées dans ces matériaux a montré que les propriétés structurelles et géométriques des matériaux se dégradent à cause du vieillissement. Les paramètres les plus attaquées sont les constantes d’élasticité, ainsi que la masse volumique pour des vieillissement plus forts et plus longs. Enfin, le nombre des plis des renforts dans un échantillons joue un rôle important dans sa résistance au vieillissement
This thesis discusses the ultrasonic non-destructive characterization of representative samples of offshore wind turbine blades. The samples are made of composite materials based on Unidirectional Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyester (UD GFRP). Samples are subjected to accelerated aging in heated seawater at 40°C and 60°C, in order to simulate the marine environment and reduce study times. The aim is to find acoustic parameters sensitive to aging, enabling the effect of aging to be assessed or quantified. Lamb's guided wave analysis showed a decrease in mode phase velocities and Rayleigh velocity, as well as an increase in attenuation in the material, indicating that the mechanical properties of the material are degrading due to aging. C-scan imaging shows degradation of the resin, leading to reorganization of the fibers and changes in their alignment. Finite element numerical modelling of guided wave propagation in these materials has shown that the structural and geometric properties of the materials degrade with age. The parameters most affected are the elasticity constants, as well as the density for stronger and longer aging. Finally, the number of reinforcement plies in a sample plays an important role in its resistance to aging

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Fossum, Peter Kalsaas. "Aeroelastic analysis of an offshore wind turbine : Design and Fatigue Performance of Large Utility-Scale Wind Turbine Blades." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18547.

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Aeroelastic design and fatigue analysis of large utility-scale wind turbine blades are performed. The applied fatigue model is based on established methods and is incorporated in an iterative numerical design tool for realistic wind turbine blades. All aerodynamic and structural design properties are available in literature. The software tool FAST is used for advanced aero-servo-elastic load calculations and stress-histories are calculated with elementary beam theory.According to wind energy design standards, a turbulent wind load case is implemented. Fatigue loads are estimated based on 100% availability and a site-specific annual wind distribution. Rainflow cycle counting and Miner’s sum for cumulative damage prediction is used together with constant life diagrams tailored to actual material S-N data. Material properties are based on 95% survival probability, 95% confidence level, and additional material safety factors to maintain conservative results. Fatigue performance is first evaluated for the baseline blade design of the 10MW NOWITECH reference wind turbine. Results show that blade damage is dominated by tensile stresses due to poorer tensile fatigue characteristics of the shell glass fiber material. The interaction between turbulent wind and gravitational fluctuations is demonstrated to greatly influence the damage. The need for relevant S-N data to closely predict such blade stress cycle events is investigated to avoid non-conservative conclusions. State-of-art wind turbine blade trends are discussed and different designs of the NOWITECH baseline blade are analyzed in a parametric study focusing on fatigue performance and material costs.

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Книги з теми "Offshore wind turbine blades (OWTB)"

Wind Energy Modeling and Simulation: Turbine and System. Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2020.

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Veers, Paul. Wind Energy Modeling and Simulation: Turbine and System, Volume 2. Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2019.

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Частини книг з теми "Offshore wind turbine blades (OWTB)"

González Horcas, Sergio, Mads Holst Aagaard Madsen, Niels Nørmark Sørensen, and Frederik Zahle. "Suppressing Vortex Induced Vibrations of Wind Turbine Blades with Flaps." In Recent Advances in CFD for Wind and Tidal Offshore Turbines, 11–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11887-7_2.

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Lin, Jiahuan, Yangwei Wang, Huawei Duan, and Jun Zhang. "Optimization Design of Blades for a Scaled Offshore Floating Wind Turbine." In Advances in Mechanical Design, 189–201. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7381-8_13.

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Vakilzadeh, Majid Khorsand, Anders T. Johansson, Carl-Johan Lindholm, Johan Hedlund, and Thomas J. S. Abrahamsson. "Development of Simplified Models for Wind Turbine Blades with Application to NREL 5 MW Offshore Research Wind Turbine." In Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 1, 389–402. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04501-6_37.

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Finnegan, William, Tomas Flanagan, and Jamie Goggins. "Development of a Novel Solution for Leading Edge Erosion on Offshore Wind Turbine Blades." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 517–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8331-1_38.

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Celik, Eren, Gamze Sacmaozu, and Alaeddin Burak Irez. "Development of Carbon-Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites: Applications in Offshore Wind Turbine Blades." In Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 3, 17–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86741-6_4.

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Wang, Peilin, Minnan Yue, Chun Li, Yangtian Yan, Kailun Niu, and Xinyu Pei. "Comparative Analysis of Transient Dynamics of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Turbines with Different Foundation Structure under Seismic." In Rotating Machines [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101730.

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In this paper, a structural dynamic response comparison between jacket foundation large-scale offshore wind turbines (OWTs) and monopile ones under wind and seismic loads is demonstrated. The interaction between flexible soil and pile foundation is described by Winkler soil-structure interaction (SSI) model. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW large-scale OWT is studied via the finite element model. The structural transient dynamic response of these two structures under normal operating conditions at rated wind speed and earthquake is calculated. The results show that under the action of seismic and turbulent wind, the jacket has better wind and seismic resistance, and the displacement of the top of the tower is small, which can effectively protect the blades and the nacelle. Compared with monopile, the range of the Mises equivalent stress amplitude of the jacket wind turbine was reduced and the average value was decreased at the time of the seismic. The study also found that the existing jacket design will have a local strain energy surge.

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Greaves, P. "Design of offshore wind turbine blades." In Offshore Wind Farms, 105–35. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100779-2.00006-4.

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Nijssen, R., and G. D. de Winkel. "Developments in materials for offshore wind turbine blades." In Offshore Wind Farms, 85–104. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100779-2.00005-2.

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Sanchez Granados, P., C. Q. Gómez Muñoz, and F. P. García Márquez. "Detection of structural defects in wind turbine blades employing guided waves and machine learning methods." In Developments in Renewable Energies Offshore, 509–14. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003134572-58.

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Huang, Shuchen, Gang Yu, and Da Chen. "Structural Design and Static Analysis of a Climbing Robot for Wind Turbine Blade Inspection." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3233/atde241247.

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This study presents the design of a climbing robot system for damage detection on wind turbine blades. The system comprises mechanical and adhesion structures tailored to adapt to the blade’s curved surface. It integrates various hardware components, including a main controller, sensors, servos, air pumps, vacuum suction cups, solenoid valves, and cameras, to enable flexible control of adhesion and locomotion. Kinematic and dynamic analyses are conducted to determine the robot’s range of motion, positions, and minimum adhesion force requirements, ensuring stability and safety. The developed motion control system utilizes algorithms and pressure sensor feedback to achieve stable climbing and reliable adhesion. This study provides a comprehensive and autonomous solution for offshore wind turbine blade inspection.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Offshore wind turbine blades (OWTB)"

Richards, Phillip, Todd Griffith, and Dewey Hodges. "Operating Strategies and Design Recommendations for Mitigating Local Damage Effects in Offshore Turbine Blades." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–13. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9690.

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Two major barriers to widespread US acceptance of offshore wind energy is reliability of rotor blades and the difficulty to access for inspection and maintenance. This work presents operation and design strategies aimed to increase blade reliability and maximize power production. Operating strategies that prolong blade life while optimizing energy output allow for smarter maintenance planning and lower maintenance costs. Offshore plants require significant balance of station costs associated with each turbine, leading to large rotor diameters to capture the most energy per turbine. Rotor diameters have already approached 130 m, so this work extends that trend to 100 m blade (205 m diameter) designs. A combined aero/structural optimization process was used to produce new 100 m blade designs. A high-fidelity analysis method is presented to assess the local damage effects of a common damage type. The operation and design strategies are then compared for their effect to mitigate the local damage effects.

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Verma, Amrit Shankar, Zhiyu Jiang, Zhengru Ren, and Julie J. E. Teuwen. "Leading Edge Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades: Effects of Environmental Parameters on Impact Velocities and Erosion Damage Rate." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18173.

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Abstract Leading edge erosion (LEE) of a wind turbine blade (WTB) is a complex phenomenon that contributes to high operation and maintenance costs. The impact between rain droplets and rotating blades exerts cyclic fatigue stresses on the leading edge — causing progressive material loss and reduced aerodynamic performance. One of the most important parameters for erosion modelling and damage prediction is the relative impact velocity between rain droplets and rotating blade and depends upon the environmental conditions. The environmental condition, in general, could vary for onshore and offshore wind turbines (OWTs) — for instance, the presence of wave-induced loads along with less turbulent wind and varying rainfall conditions in the offshore environment. The present paper tries to provide guidelines whether all these parameters need to be included for LEE modelling. Aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations are carried out for a rotating blade based on the NREL 5 MW turbine by considering realistic environmental conditions for a land-based wind turbine and monopile-supported OWT. Further, the impact velocities and erosion damage rate, evaluated using a surface fatigue model, are analysed and compared for different environmental conditions. It is found that rainfall intensity and turbulence intensity influences the impact velocity minorly, however, has a substantial effect on the overall erosion damage rate. For instance, for the investigated load cases, an 8% increase in the impact velocity is observed when the turbulence intensity increases from 6% to 26%, which indicates an increase of erosion damage rate by more than 40%. Furthermore, no substantial influence is found due to the effects of wave-induced loads on the wind turbine.

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Zhao, Xiang, My Ha Dao, and Quang Tuyen Le. "Toward Environmental and Structural Digital Twin of Offshore Wind Turbine." In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-101859.

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Abstract In the wind energy industry, a digital twin (DT) is very useful for managing the operation of a wind turbine and predicting structural health conditions in real-time as well as projections in the near future. A real-time surrogate model is a very crucial part in building a DT. Towards that end, we employ a Reduced-Order Modelling (ROM) approach to construct a surrogate model for the environment-structure system of a bottom-fixed offshore wind turbine (OWT). The entire environment-structure system is broken down into major sub-systems of wind, wave, and structure. Based on the high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) data, the wind ROM model can quickly provide the loadings on the components above water level in the parameter space spanned by the incoming wind speed, the rotational speed of the rotor, the pitch and tilt angles of the turbine. The hydro loadings on the underwater components of the OWT are solved by the empirical Morison formula. The OWT structural ROM model is component-based consisting of blades, hub, nacelle, tower, and monopile. The structural ROM model takes the loading data feeds from the wind and wave models to predict the structure responses of the OWT system, including stress. Since the DT is constructed via the component-based, it can also be used to play out “what if” scenarios when there are component level changes. For instance, the model can predict the system response of OWT when certain parts undergo structure failures. Benefiting from the cost-efficient ROM models, the DT is over two orders of magnitude faster than high-fidelity simulations while maintaining good accuracy.

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Alkhoury, Philip, Abdul-Hamid Soubra, Valentine Rey, and Mourad Aït-Ahmed. "Effect of the Simplified Superstructure and Soil-Structure Interaction Models on the Natural Frequencies of an Offshore Wind Turbine." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62472.

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Abstract Monopile-supported offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are dynamically sensitive structures, in which their design is principally based on a dimensioning criterion related to its fundamental frequencies. Therefore, an accurate estimation of the natural frequency is essential to assess the working lifetime of the OWT. For the calculation of the OWT natural frequency, several studies exist but few of them simultaneously consider both the real geometrical configuration of the OWT superstructure (blades, nacelle, tower, and transition piece) and the three-dimensional (3D) soil domain and its interaction with the foundation. The aim of this paper is to investigate the suitability of (i) the different simplifying assumptions used in literature for the superstructure and (ii) the recently proposed PISA soil-foundation interaction model, when calculating the natural frequency. This is performed by comparing the results obtained using a rigorous three-dimensional (3D) finite element-based model recently developed by the authors of this paper with those obtained based on these simplifications. The comparison results have shown that both the simplified superstructure models and the newly developed soil reaction curves of the PISA project provide very good results of the OWT natural frequency.

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Imani, Hasan, and Madjid Karimirad. "Spatial Grid Resolution Effects on Dynamics of Offshore Wind Turbines." In ASME 2023 5th International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2023-119170.

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Abstract Modelling a proper stochastic inflow wind field for dynamic analysis of an offshore wind turbine (OWT) is affected by turbine specifications and wind characteristics. These considerations and assumptions could potentially have a significant effect on the motions and structural loads and dynamic responses of the system. Previous studies have investigated the impact of various parameters — such as yaw misalignment, aerodynamic properties, blade mass imbalance, turbulence spectra, shear, veer, spatial coherence, component correlation, ant etc. — which could vary at different offshore sites and under different atmospheric conditions. Among different influencing factors in modelling the turbulence field, the importance and potential sensitivity of the system’s dynamics to the spatial grid resolution have not yet been fully explored. The present study, therefore, seeks to assess the influence of this variable on the dynamics of bottom-fixed and floating supported OWTs; and provide a basis for an acceptable grid spacing resolution for inflow turbulence generation to preserve a certain level of accuracy in estimating the response statistics. To this aim, a series of stochastic inflow wind fields with different degrees of coarseness from the typically recommended resolution, i.e., maximum chordlength, up to twelve times of this value have been simulated; and the dynamic behaviour of two bottom-fixed and floating supported OWTs during normal operational conditions were analyzed. Response statistics for different spatial grid resolutions were compared with the “base inflow” case. The results demonstrated that the extent of impact that spatial grid resolution has on the dynamics of an OWT is greatly sensitive to not only the controlling strategy but also can the type of supporting structure and design-deriving response variable. By understanding the extent of spatial grid resolution influence on various response variable for two bottom-fixed and floating supported models, insights into potential modification required in regards to this parameter for establishing efficient and physically consistent stochastic inflow wind fields are provided.

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Li, Yi Syuan, Yi Mei Huang, and Chih Kuang Lin. "Fatigue Analysis of Monopile Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbine." In 2022 International Conference on Machining, Materials and Mechanical Technologies. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-eli74h.

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This study is aimed to estimate the fatigue damage ratio and to analyze the structural integrity for the monopile foundation of NREL 5-MW wind turbine. For simulating the uncertainty of environmental conditions, various random seeds, tide heights, and wave orientations are considered in the analyses. The Design Load Case 1.2 of IEC 61400-3 is applied in this study. A sequential approach is adopted to calculate the fatigue damage ratio. Firstly, the environmental conditions are implemented into the BLADED code. Secondly, ANSYS is employed to compute the stress/deformation using the output loading data from BLADED. Finally, the fatigue damage ratio is calculated by MATLAB using relevant fatigue theories. The results show that an increase in tide height causes a greater fatigue damage in the foundation. The maximum fatigue damage ratio is found in the case with a middle wind speed which is closer to the rated wind speed and is associated with the occurrence probability. The overall results demonstrate that the methodology developed in this study is applicable to the assessment of fatigue damage in the monopile foundation of OWT.

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Li, Xin, Wenhua Wang, Zuxing Pan, and Bin Wang. "Vibration Control of a Jacket Offshore Wind Turbine Under Earthquake Wind and Wave Loads by Tuned Mass Damper." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18380.

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Abstract The fully coupled analysis model of a jacket offshore wind turbine (OWT) is established based on the governing equation of motion of the structure which is derived in accordance with the blade element momentum theory (BEM), Morison formula and theories of structural dynamics. The dynamic characteristics and structural responses of the jacket OWT under the different combined seismic cases are analyzed. It can be seen that the interactions of the wind and wave loads are non-negligible in the seismic analysis of an OWT, and the abundant dominant frequencies of the responses of the support system under the combined seismic cases are discovered. Meanwhile, the passive control method of tuned mass dampers (TMD) is applied to the support system of the OWT under the earthquakes, and the influence of the TMD parameters on the reduction of the responses of the support system are investigated. Furthermore, according to the reduction of the structural responses, the suggestions for the design of a TMD under the combined seismic cases for the bottom fixed OWT are summarized.

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Thakur, Shilpa, and Nilanjan Saha. "Load Reduction on Offshore Wind Turbines by Aerodynamic Flaps." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61308.

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This paper focuses on load reduction by implementing controllable trailing-edge flaps on an offshore wind turbine (OWT) supported on different fixed bottom structures in various water depths. The benchmark NREL 5-MW offshore horizontal axis wind turbine is used as a reference. This work utilizes the wind turbine simulation tool FAST with coupled stochastic aerodynamic-hydrodynamic analysis for obtaining the responses. The flap is controlled using an external dynamic link library through PID controller. Blade element momentum (BEM) theory and Morison equation are used to compute the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads, respectively. BEM theory is presently modified to account for unsteady effects of flaps along the blade span. Variation in force coefficients is shown due to unsteady effects of flaps. The present analysis results show reduction up to 8–29% in blade loads for the turbine with different support structures on implementing controllable trailing edge flaps. Also, an influence of blade load reduction on tower base and nacelle is shown. Tower loads are calculated considering aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads individually. This study can form the basis for evaluating the performance for large-scale fixed offshore wind turbine rotors.

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Li, Jichao, Quang Tuyen Le, and My Ha Dao. "Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of Offshore Wind Turbine Blades." In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-107794.

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Abstract Aerodynamic shape optimization of wind turbine blades is a promising way to improve wind energy collection efficiency. As aerodynamic analyses using high-fidelity CFD is computationally expensive, it is difficult to optimize the complicated three-dimensional blade shape in various wind conditions efficiently and robustly. To solve the issue, we present an efficient wind turbine blade shape optimization method using deep learning. The optimization framework involves the feasible-domain-reformulation based modal parameterization method to reduce the number of geometric design variables for wind turbine blade optimization (from hundreds to tens), a data-driven blade element momentum solver—data-driven CCBlade to reduce the computational cost of aerodynamic analyses. The framework is demonstrated in single-point optimization of the NREL 5 MW wind turbine blade to improve its power coefficient at the rated wind and rotation speed. The optimization result is further validated by high-fidelity CFD, showing the effectiveness of the presented optimization method.

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Gaertner, Evan M., and Matthew A. Lackner. "Aero-elastic design optimization of floating offshore wind turbine blades." In 2018 Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-2015.

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