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Готові списки джерел за темами / Offshore characterization / Статті в журналах

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Статті в журналах з теми "Offshore characterization"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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1

Ridge, I. M. L. "Torsional characterization of ropes used offshore." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 43, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247jsa243.

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The first part of this paper presents a general discussion of the various problems which must be addressed when combining different ropes in series or, in some cases, in using a rope in conditions where it is rotationally unrestrained. The paper will pay particular attention to the various classes of rope used in the offshore environment and their main torsional characteristics. In the second part, equipment is shown which is suitable for the measurement of the torsional response of various rope constructions at different levels of twist. Experimental data are presented for a variety of rope constructions at sizes comparable with those used in offshore applications. Comparison is made with data obtained in similar previous studies but with smaller‐diameter ropes.

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2

Gorton, Alicia M., and Will J. Shaw. "Advancing Offshore Wind Resource Characterization Using Buoy-Based Observations." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.5.

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AbstractAs countries continue to implement sustainable and renewable energy goals, the need for affordable low-carbon technologies, including those related to offshore wind energy, is accelerating. The U.S. federal government recognizes the environmental and economic benefits of offshore wind development and is taking the necessary steps to overcome critical challenges facing the industry to realize these benefits. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is investing in buoy-mounted lidar systems to facilitate offshore measurement campaigns that will advance our understanding of the offshore environment and provide the observational data needed for model validation, particularly at hub height where offshore observations are particularly lacking. On behalf of the DOE, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory manages a Lidar Buoy Program that facilitates meteorological and oceanographic data collection using validated methods to support the U.S. offshore wind industry. Since being acquired in 2014, two DOE lidar buoys have been deployed on the U.S. east and west coasts, and their data represent the first publicly available multi-seasonal hub height data to be collected in U.S. waters. In addition, the buoys have undergone performance testing, significant upgrades, and a lidar validation campaign to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the lidar data needed to support wind resource characterization and model validation (the lidars were validated against a reference lidar installed on the Air-Sea Interaction Tower operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution). The Lidar Buoy Program is providing valuable offshore data to the wind energy community, while focusing data collection on areas of acknowledged high priority.

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3

Fainstein, Roberto, Ana Krueger, and Webster Ueipass Mohriak. "Ultra-deepwater seismic plays offshore Brazil — Future drilling off Santos and Campos Basins." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): SH99—SH109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0251.1.

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Contemporaneous seismic data acquisition in the Santos and Campos Basins offshore Brazil have focused on image characterization of deepwater and ultra-deepwater reservoirs and their relationship with hydrocarbons originating from synrift source rocks. Our interpretation has mapped the stratigraphy of postsalt turbidite reservoirs, and, on the presalt lithology, it has uncovered the underlying synrift sequences that embrace oil-bearing source rocks and the prolific, recently discovered, microbialite carbonate reservoirs. The new phase in geophysical data acquisition and offshore drilling that started in 1999 bolstered the Brazilian offshore petroleum production to record levels. The new, massive, nonexclusive, speculative 2D and 3D data acquisition surveys conducted offshore the Brazilian coast far exceed the amount of all existing cumulative vintage data. Deepwater drilling programs probed the interpreted new prospects. As whole, the modern geophysics data libraries offshore Brazil brought in the technology era to seismic interpretation, reservoir characterization, and geosteering operations in deepwater development drilling. Still, regional interpretation mapping of the outer shelf, slope, deepwater and ultra-deepwater provinces of the Santos and Campos Basins indicates plenty of prospective future drilling in the salt locked minibasins of the ultra-deepwater provinces. Salt tectonics shapes the architecture of these basins; hence, postsalt deepwater turbidite plays were readily interpreted from seismic amplitudes of the modern data that also allow for resolution images of the synrift source rocks, salt architecture, migration paths through faulting and salt windows, reservoir characterization, and regional seal mapping. The new techniques of prestack depth migration have enabled uncovering the imaging structure of the synrift that led to characterization of the presalt carbonate reservoirs and discovery of giant accumulations. Future offshore exploration will continue aiming at postsalt deepwater and ultra-deepwater minibasins plus presalt plays under the massive salt walls, still an underexplored frontier.

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4

Miura, Kazuo, Celso K. Morooka, Jose Ricardo P. Mendes, and Ivan R. Guilherme. "Characterization of operational safety in offshore oil wells." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 51, no. 1-2 (April 2006): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2005.11.018.

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5

Čekerevac, Damjan, Constança Rigueiro, and Eduardo Pereira. "17.06: Characterization of accidental scenarios for offshore structures." ce/papers 1, no. 2-3 (September 2017): 4341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.493.

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6

Wu, Lei, Muneesh Maheshwari, Yaowen Yang, and Wensheng Xiao. "Selection and Characterization of Packaged FBG Sensors for Offshore Applications." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113963.

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With the development in the exploitation of maritime resources, the structural health monitoring (SHM) of offshore structures becomes necessary. This study focuses on addressing the practical issues of application of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for the SHM of offshore structures, in particular an FPSO (floating, production, storage, and offloading unit) vessel. Due to the harsh marine environment and tough working conditions, the FBG sensors must have sufficient protection and good repeatability for long-term monitoring. Thorough research has been conducted to identify the most suitable, commercially available protection packaging for FBG sensors for offshore applications. Further, the performance of the selected FBG sensor packaging is tested under conditions of strong sunlight, heavy rain, and salty water in order to emulate the marine environment. Moreover, the installation method of the packaged FBG sensors is equally important, as it ensures the repeatability and durability of the sensors for their long-term performance. It is shown that the packaged FBG sensors can be installed using resin-based epoxy to maintain the repeatability of the sensor over the long-term. Further, the packaged FBG sensors are installed and tested on a simple FPSO model. The experimental results under full load and ballast draft conditions show that the proposed FBG sensors are competent for the SHM of offshore structures.

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7

Williams, Ethan F., María R. Fernández-Ruiz, Regina Magalhaes, Roel Vanthillo, Zhongwen Zhan, Miguel González-Herráez, and Hugo F. Martins. "Scholte wave inversion and passive source imaging with ocean-bottom DAS." Leading Edge 40, no. 8 (August 2021): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40080576.1.

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Geotechnical characterization of marine sediments remains an outstanding challenge for offshore energy development, including foundation design and site selection of wind turbines and offshore platforms. We demonstrate that passive distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) surveys offer a new solution for shallow offshore geotechnical investigation where seafloor power or communications cables with fiber-optic links are available. We analyze Scholte waves recorded by DAS on a 42 km power cable in the Belgian offshore area of the southern North Sea. Ambient noise crosscorrelations converge acceptably with just over one hour of data, permitting multimodal Scholte wave dispersion measurement and shear-wave velocity inversion along the cable. We identify anomalous off-axis Scholte wave arrivals in noise crosscorrelations at high frequencies. Using a simple passive source imaging approach, we associate these arrivals with individual wind turbines, which suggests they are generated by structural vibrations. While many technological barriers must be overcome before ocean-bottom DAS can be applied to global seismic monitoring in the deep oceans, high-frequency passive surveys for high-resolution geotechnical characterization and monitoring in coastal regions are easily achievable today.

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8

Pontes, M. T., G. A. Athanassoulis, S. Barstow, L. Cavaleri, B. Holmes, D. Mollison, and H. Oliveira-Pires. "An Atlas of the Wave-Energy Resource in Europe." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 118, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833921.

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An atlas of the European offshore wave energy resource, being developed within the scope of a European R&D program, includes the characterization of the offshore resource for the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Europe in addition to providing wave-energy and wave-climate statistics that are of interest to other users of the ocean. The wave data used for compiling the Atlas come from the numerical wind-wave model WAM, implemented in the routine operation of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), in addition to directional wave measurements from the Norwegian offshore waters.

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9

Akinlua, A., and N. Torto. "Geochemical Characterization of Offshore Western Niger Delta Source Rock." Petroleum Science and Technology 28, no. 3 (January 19, 2010): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460903065926.

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10

LaBelle, Robert P., and James S. Lane. "Meeting the Challenge of Deepwater Spill Response." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-705.

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ABSTRACT Close to 25% of all oil and gas produced in the United States comes from offshore production. A new era for the Gulf of Mexico has begun with intense industry interest in deepwater (> 300 m) areas. Production from deepwater now represents about 46% of all U.S. offshore oil and 17% of U.S. offshore gas. Spill response plans and capabilities must be upgraded to meet the challenges of this new remote activity. This paper outlines a joint research effort underway between government and industry to address needed research on deep spill plume and trajectory behavior and surveillance. Major topics discussed include the application of results from a June 2000 deepwater experimental release of oil and gas offshore Norway, findings from several laboratory studies on plume characterization, and an upgraded numerical model for deep spill trajectories. There is much interest from the offshore industry as to how these research findings will be incorporated into federal review of oil spill response plans for deepwater projects.

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11

Carlton, Brian, Andy Barwise, and Amir M. Kaynia. "Seismic Hazard Assessment for a Wind Farm Offshore England." Geotechnics 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics2010002.

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Offshore wind has become a major contributor to reducing global carbon emissions. This paper presents a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for the Sofia Offshore Wind Farm, which is located about 200 km north-east of England in the southern North Sea and will be one of the largest offshore wind farms in the world once completed. The seismic source characterization is composed of two areal seismic source models and four seismic source models derived using smoothed gridded seismicity with earthquake catalogue data processed by different techniques. The ground motion characterization contains eight ground motion models selected based on comparisons with regional data. The main findings are (1) the variation in seismic hazard across the site is negligible; (2) the main source controlling the hazard is the source that includes the 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake; (3) earthquake scenarios controlling the hazard are Mw = 5.0–6.3 and R = 110–210 km; and (4) the peak ground accelerations on rock are lower than for previous regional studies. These results could help guide future seismic hazard assessments in the North Sea.

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12

Zhang, Lixin, and Zhanliang Liu. "Research on Intelligent Decision-Making of Asphalt Pavement Maintenance in Offshore Soft Soil Area." Journal of Asian Research 7, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jar.v7n1p1.

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The performance of roads in offshore soft soil areas is different from ordinary pavement. In view of this feature, and based on the summary of the existing intelligent decision-making research on the maintenance of asphalt pavement, this study has selected Ningbo as the survey area. The changes in the performance characterization index of asphalt pavement in offshore soft soil areas were compared and analyzed. The influencing factors of decision-making in the maintenance were analyzed, and the pavement maintenance standards and intelligent decision-making process in offshore soft soil areas were determined, including the timing of preventive maintenance, road section under maintenance, maintenance plan, etc. The conclusions in this study can promote the scientific decision-making on asphalt pavement maintenance in offshore soft soil areas and promote the healthy and sustainable development of highway maintenance.

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13

Thompson, G. R., and L. G. Long. "Hibernia geotechnical investigation and site characterization." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 653–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-078.

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A detailed offshore site investigation was conducted in the Hibernia field in 1983 to provide engineering data for the preliminary design of a gravity base structure (GBS) for use as an oil production platform. Reliable information regarding the strength and variability of near-surface soils was needed to verify that the foundation would be capable of resisting large environmental design loads, including those induced by iceberg impacts and storm waves. This paper presents an overview of the geotechnical equipment and methods that were successfully used to complete the investigation, major results of the field and laboratory program, and an interpretation of soil strength parameters needed for analysis of GBS stability under the design loads. Results are presented that confirm that the preshear density and effective confining pressure, or "state," of underlying sand elements are major factors that must be considered when establishing design parameters for GBS structures. It is demonstrated that consideration of state changes resulting from GBS installation is important in the analysis of granular soil resistance under both drained and undrained loading conditions. Failure to account for this effect could lead to an unconservative design. Key words: Hibernia, offshore site investigation, CPT, sand strength, state parameter.

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14

Nasby-Lucas, Nicole, Heidi Dewar, Chi H. Lam, Kenneth J. Goldman, and Michael L. Domeier. "White Shark Offshore Habitat: A Behavioral and Environmental Characterization of the Eastern Pacific Shared Offshore Foraging Area." PLoS ONE 4, no. 12 (December 9, 2009): e8163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008163.

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15

Pereira, Pedro, Carlos Ribeiro, and Júlio Carneiro. "Identification and characterization of geological formations with CO2 storage potential in Portugal." Petroleum Geoscience 27, no. 3 (February 4, 2021): petgeo2020–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2020-123.

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Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is considered a major part of the Portuguese strategy for reducing CO2 emissions. Some industrial sectors, the most prominent being the cement sector, require the implementation of CO2 storage to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. This paper presents and characterizes the areas with potential for CO2 storage in mainland Portugal. The lithostratigraphic and tectonic frameworks of the onshore and offshore basins are presented; a site screening process was conducted, based on basin- and regional-scale assessments, resulting in the definition of eight possible storage clusters, seven of which are offshore. The storage capacity was estimated for those clusters, with a central (P50) value of 7.09 Gt; however, the most interesting locations are in the Lusitanian Basin (West Iberian Margin), both onshore and offshore, as they present high capacity and are located favourably in relation to the industrial CO2 emitters. Considering only the potential sites of this basin, their storage capacities are greater than 3 Gt CO2, of which 260 Mt are onshore.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geoscience for CO2 storage collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geoscience-for-co2-storage

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16

Guinan, J., C. McKeon, E. O'Keeffe, X. Monteys, F. Sacchetti, M. Coughlan, and C. Nic Aonghusa. "INFOMAR data supports offshore energy development and marine spatial planning in the Irish offshore via the EMODnet Geology portal." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 54, no. 1 (July 24, 2020): qjegh2020–033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2020-033.

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The characterization of the seafloor is a fundamental first step in informing resource management, marine spatial planning, conservation, fisheries, industry and research. Integrated Mapping for the Sustainable Development of Ireland's Marine Resource (INFOMAR), Ireland's national seabed mapping programme, delivers freely available, high-resolution seabed imagery derived from multibeam echosounder data in the Irish Exclusive Economic Zone. The European Union established the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Geology data portal, which provides harmonized broad-scale seabed substrate information for all European seas and confidence assessments of the information that underpins the geological interpretations. A multi-scale product has been produced using INFOMAR's high-resolution seabed substrate information at the 1:50 000 scale. As part of the Supporting Implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning in the Celtic Seas project, the EMODnet Geology seabed substrate data portal assisted in addressing the challenges associated with the implementation of the European Union's Marine Spatial Planning Directive. The seabed substrate data in the EMODnet Geology data portal were identified as a valuable tool for guiding the selection of sites for offshore wind farms in the Irish Sea and their subsequent characterization. This paper outlines the approach to delivering a multi-scale seabed substrate dataset for the Irish offshore and its applicability to marine spatial planning and the development of offshore energy resources.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Mapping the Geology and Topography of the European Seas (EMODnet) collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/EMODnet

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17

Lundberg, Joachim. "Characterization of a medium velocity deluge nozzle for offshore installations." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 71 (July 2021): 104510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104510.

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18

Sheline, Hans E. "Crosswell seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization: An offshore case history." Leading Edge 17, no. 7 (July 1998): 935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1438073.

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19

Chapin, Mark, Peter Swinburn, Raphic van der Weiden, Dieter Skaloud, Sola Adesanya, David Stevens, Chris Varley, Jacob Wilkie, Eric Brentjens, and Martijn Blaauw. "Integrated seismic and subsurface characterization of Bonga Field, offshore Nigeria." Leading Edge 21, no. 11 (November 2002): 1125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1523745.

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20

Lehu, Rémi, Serge Lallemand, Shu-Kun Hsu, Nathalie Babonneau, Gueorgui Ratzov, Andrew T. Lin, and Laurent Dezileau. "Deep-sea sedimentation offshore eastern Taiwan: Facies and processes characterization." Marine Geology 369 (November 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.05.013.

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21

Rodrigo, J. Sanz, E. Cantero, B. García, F. Borbón, U. Irigoyen, S. Lozano, P. M. Fernande, and R. A. Chávez. "Atmospheric stability assessment for the characterization of offshore wind conditions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 625 (June 18, 2015): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/625/1/012044.

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22

Ehinola, O. A., O. A. Falode, and B. Akaimaro. "Characterization and Quantification of Bakam Field, Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria." Petroleum Science and Technology 28, no. 8 (April 9, 2010): 831–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460903070553.

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23

Sebastian, T., and M. A. Lackner. "Characterization of the unsteady aerodynamics of offshore floating wind turbines." Wind Energy 16, no. 3 (March 19, 2012): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.545.

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24

Pi, Yongrui, Mutai Bao, Yiming Li, Guangmei Li, Jinren Lu, and Peiyan Sun. "Characterization of crude oil degrading microbial cultures isolated in Qingdao China." RSC Advances 5, no. 118 (2015): 97665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16628d.

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25

Sheridan, Lindsay M., Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Alicia M. Gorton, Will J. Shaw, and Rob K. Newsom. "Validation of Reanalysis-Based Offshore Wind Resource Characterization Using Lidar Buoy Observations." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.13.

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AbstractThe offshore wind industry in the United States is gaining strong momentum to achieve sustainable energy goals, and the need for observations to provide resource characterization and model validation is greater than ever. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) operates two lidar buoys for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in order to collect hub height wind data and associated meteorological and oceanographic information near the surface in areas of interest for offshore wind development. This work evaluates the performance of commonly used reanalysis products and spatial approximation techniques using lidar buoy observations off the coast of New Jersey and Virginia, USA. Reanalysis products are essential tools for setting performance expectations and quantifying the wind resource variability at a given site. Long-term accurate observations at typical wind turbine hub heights have been lacking at offshore locations. Using wind speed observations from both lidar buoy deployments, biases and degrees of correspondence for the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA-2), the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), ERA5, and the analysis system of the Rapid Refresh (RAP) are examined both at hub height and near the surface. Results provide insights on the performance and uncertainty of using reanalysis products for long-term wind resource characterization. A slow bias is seen across the reanalyses at both deployment sites. Bias magnitudes near the surface are on the order of 0.5 m s−1 greater than their hub height counterparts. RAP and ERA5 produce the highest correlations with the observations, around 0.9, followed by MERRA-2 and NARR.

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26

Optis, Mike, Nicola Bodini, Mithu Debnath, and Paula Doubrawa. "New methods to improve the vertical extrapolation of near-surface offshore wind speeds." Wind Energy Science 6, no. 3 (June 16, 2021): 935–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-935-2021.

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Abstract. Accurate characterization of the offshore wind resource has been hindered by a sparsity of wind speed observations that span offshore wind turbine rotor-swept heights. Although public availability of floating lidar data is increasing, most offshore wind speed observations continue to come from buoy-based and satellite-based near-surface measurements. The aim of this study is to develop and validate novel vertical extrapolation methods that can accurately estimate wind speed time series across rotor-swept heights using these near-surface measurements. We contrast the conventional logarithmic profile against three novel approaches: a logarithmic profile with a long-term stability correction, a single-column model, and a machine-learning model. These models are developed and validated using 1 year of observations from two floating lidars deployed in US Atlantic offshore wind energy areas. We find that the machine-learning model significantly outperforms all other models across all stability regimes, seasons, and times of day. Machine-learning model performance is considerably improved by including the air–sea temperature difference, which provides some accounting for offshore atmospheric stability. Finally, we find no degradation in machine-learning model performance when tested 83 km from its training location, suggesting promising future applications in extrapolating 10 m wind speeds from spatially resolved satellite-based wind atlases.

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27

Pondthai, Potpreecha, Mark E. Everett, Aaron Micallef, Bradley A. Weymer, Zahra Faghih, Amir Haroon, and Marion Jegen. "3D Characterization of a Coastal Freshwater Aquifer in SE Malta (Mediterranean Sea) by Time-Domain Electromagnetics." Water 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061566.

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Electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods are well equipped to distinguish electrical resistivity contrasts between freshwater-saturated and seawater-saturated formations. Beneath the semi-arid, rapidly urbanizing island of Malta, offshore groundwater is an important potential resource but it is not known whether the regional mean sea-level aquifer (MSLA) extends offshore. To address this uncertainty, land-based alongshore and across-shore time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) responses were acquired with the G-TEM instrument (Geonics Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada) and used to map the onshore structure of the aquifer. 1-D inversion results suggest that the onshore freshwater aquifer resides at 4–24 m depth, underlain by seawater-saturated formations. The freshwater aquifer thickens with distance from the coastline. We present 2D and 3D electromagnetic forward modeling based on finite-element (FE) analysis to further constrain the subsurface geometry of the onshore freshwater body. We interpret the high resistivity zones that as brackish water-saturated bodies are associated with the mean sea-level aquifer. Generally, time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) results provide valuable onshore hydrogeological information, which can be augmented with marine and coastal transition-zone measurements to assess potential hydraulic continuity of terrestrial aquifers extending offshore.

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28

Kafisanwo, Olatunbosun, Ayodele Falade, Olanrewaju Bakare, and Ayokunle Oresanya. "Reservoir characterization and prospect identification in Onka field, offshore, Niger Delta." Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.050401.

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29

T G, Sitharam, Naveen James, and Monalisha Nayak. "Seismic site characterization and ground response analysis for an offshore site." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 3, no. 2 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v03.i03.

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30

Dudášová, Dorota, Johan Sjöblom, and Gisle Øye. "Characterization and Suspension Stability of Particles Recovered from Offshore Produced Water." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 4 (January 14, 2014): 1431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie403288z.

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31

Zhang, Quanxing, and Qiming Zhang. "Geochemical characterization of petroleum migration of Yacheng Gasfield, offshore South China." Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 4, no. 3 (January 1990): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-9547(05)80012-1.

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32

Loreto, Maria Filomena, Umberta Tinivella, Flavio Accaino, and Michela Giustiniani. "Offshore Antarctic Peninsula Gas Hydrate Reservoir Characterization by Geophysical Data Analysis." Energies 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2010): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en4010039.

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33

Ribeiro, P. J. C., J. C. C. Henriques, F. J. Campuzano, L. M. C. Gato, and A. F. O. Falcão. "A new directional wave spectra characterization for offshore renewable energy applications." Energy 213 (December 2020): 118828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118828.

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34

Kvilhaug, T., and E. Roaldset. "Rock Mechanical Characterization of an Offshore Mudrock from Haltenbanken, Mid-Norway." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 31, no. 2 (May 6, 1998): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s006030050011.

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35

Mahdi, Elsadig, and Ali Esmaeili. "Failure Analysis of a Flare Tip Used in Offshore Production Platform in Qatar." Materials 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 3426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153426.

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An immature failure of a gas flare tip used in Qatar oil and gas offshore industry was investigated throughout this study. The design lifetime of the flare was fifteen years; however, it manifested immature failure resulting in a reduction of its lifetime to ten years. The flare is composed of different parts where the upper flare body and wind deflector showed failure while other components were still healthy. The material used for the aforementioned failed parts was Incoloy 800H, which is a highly corrosion and high-temperature resistant steel alloy. The material was rolled up and welded together with different welding joints. The root cause of failure was identified by using chemical analysis and microstructural and mechanical characterizations. For the mechanical characterization, an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were used for the specimen extracted from the failed part in order to ensure that the material mentioned by the manufacturer demonstrated the same metallurgical properties. For the mechanical characterization, two sets of specimens were used, one close to the failure region and the other far from the failure area. The chemical analysis revealed that the material was truthfully Incoloy 800H. The mechanical examination results showed a significant reduction of mechanical properties, i.e., the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness dropped by 44% and 41% for samples close and far from the failure regions, respectively. Careful examination of the failed parts indicated that failure mostly took place in the vicinity of the welds, in particular near the joints. Improper joint designs, as well as a number of joints being designed in tiny areas, worsened the harmful effect of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), resulting in crack nucleation in the HAZ regions. The effect of welding in a combination of harsh service conditions of flare caused further crack extension where they merged, resulting in final immature failure.

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36

Karathanasi, Flora E., Takvor H. Soukissian, and Daniel R. Hayes. "Wave Analysis for Offshore Aquaculture Projects: A Case Study for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea." Climate 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10010002.

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The investigation of wave climate is of primary concern for the successful implementation of offshore aquaculture systems as waves can cause significant loads on them. Up until now, site selection and design (or selection) of offshore cage system structures on extended sea areas do not seem to follow any specific guidelines. This paper presents a novel methodology for the identification of favorable sites for offshore aquaculture development in an extended sea area based on two important technical factors: (i) the detailed characterization of the wave climate, and (ii) the water depth. Long-term statistics of the significant wave height, peak wave period, and wave steepness are estimated on an annual and monthly temporal scale, along with variability measures. Extreme value analysis is applied to estimate the design values and associated return periods of the significant wave height; structures should be designed based on this data, to avoid partial or total failure. The Eastern Mediterranean Sea is selected as a case study, and long-term time series of wave spectral parameters from the ERA5 dataset are utilized. Based on the obtained results, the most favorable areas for offshore aquaculture installations have been identified.

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37

Ozumba, Bertram Maduka, and Chidozie Izuchukwu Princeton Dim. "Biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the deep offshore Niger Delta and implications for future hydrocarbon exploration in the Paleogene sequences." Interpretation 10, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): T195—T211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2021-0132.1.

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The Niger Delta Deep Offshore Basin has been the latest frontier within the Niger Delta for hydrocarbon exploration and production activities. Until the onset of drilling activities in the early 1990s, little was known about the biostratigraphy of this frontier setting. Thus, uncertainties existed in the ages ascribed to the various stratigraphic sequences. Presently, several wells have been drilled in the deep offshore Niger Delta and three-pronged biostratigraphic data and some sequence stratigraphic interpretations have become available. We have integrated biostratigraphic data comprising palynological, foraminiferal, and calcareous nannoplankton zonation and biofacies, wireline log information, and regional-3D seismic data, with simple basic sequence stratigraphic analysis for a detailed well correlation, regional mapping of hydrocarbon-bearing intervals, and evaluation of the thicknesses of promising stratigraphic intervals. Results indicate a significant effect on not only the earlier conceptualized age of the deepest prospective reservoirs, but also the ages of possible source rocks in the Paleogene of the Niger Delta offshore sequence. Our findings will help in the realistic assumptions of source rock characterization, charge modeling/prediction, and the stratigraphic thicknesses of the offshore sequences and their reservoirs. We examine the specific derivable age interpretations from the integration of at least six wells, biostratigraphic data with seismic, and the implications of these interpretations for hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Paleogene sequences. Furthermore, we document the biostratigraphy work done in the area, in all the structural belts where drilling has occurred including the deepest well drilled in the deep offshore Niger Delta, Bosi-006. The results of this study have a critical impact on the current regional geologic understanding of the deep offshore Niger Delta.

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38

MacBeth, Colin, and Xiang‐Yang Li. "AVD—An emerging new marine technology for reservoir characterization: Acquisition and application." GEOPHYSICS 64, no. 4 (July 1999): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444622.

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Several significant developments in marine technologies in the past few years have resulted in the creation of acquisition techniques suited to azimuthal anisotropy analysis in the offshore environment. The developments have parallelled the evolution in the theory underlying the use of P-P and P-S amplitude versus direction (AVD) for seismic anisotropy estimation. The demands of such AVD methods for a wide azimuthal coverage have only recently been met. To guide future work, the AVD method has been assessed using data from intersecting streamer lines. Application of the method in this example permits an identification of the strike direction of hydrocarbon‐filled fractures within a chalk formation in the central North Sea. The results of this study provide confidence that the method is sufficiently sensitive to fractures and can help guide future analyses. The new generation of vertical cables, seabed seismic sensors, and walk‐away (and/or 3-D) vertical seismic profiles will eventually lead to high‐resolution anisotropy estimation in the offshore environment using this approach.

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39

Lunne, Tom, Knut H. Andersen, Han Eng Low, Mark F. Randolph, and Morten Sjursen. "Guidelines for offshore in situ testing and interpretation in deepwater soft clays." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 4 (April 2011): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-088.

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Offshore developments for hydrocarbon resources have now progressed to water depths approaching 3000 m, with geotechnical design increasingly focused on soft sediments in the upper 30 m or so of the seabed. Due to the difficulties and high cost in recovering high-quality samples from deepwater sites, there is increasing dependence on in situ testing techniques for determining the geotechnical design parameters. This paper summarizes the findings from a joint industry project, undertaken by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute and the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems at The University of Western Australia, on the use of in situ testing for the characterization of deepwater soft soils. The project focused on theoretical and empirical studies for the interpretation of piezocone, T-bar, and ball penetration test data, linking the penetration resistance to shear strengths determined from in situ vane tests and laboratory tests on high-quality samples. Guidelines are summarized for interpreting in situ test data, particularly for estimating intact and remoulded undrained shear strengths from the penetration resistance measured by each type of penetrometer. Suggestions are also given for future development of in situ testing techniques to maximize the potential of in situ testing in characterization of deepwater soft soils.

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40

SARUWATARI, Ayumi, and Koshi ONO. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE WAVE SPECTRUM MODULATION BY AN OFFSHORE OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) 71, no. 2 (2015): I_91—I_96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.71.i_91.

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41

Kender, Sev, Michael A. Kaminski, and Bob W. Jones. "Micropaleontological characterization of Cenozoic deep-sea fan deposits, Congo Fan, offshore Angola." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2006_1_341-342.

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42

Kong, V. W. T., R. Cornect, S. Alexander, A. Bucherie, and C. M. Hobbs. "Fining up the seismic stochastically for reservoir characterization, offshore North West Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (December 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2013ab072.

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43

Shahriar, Md Upal, Delwar Hossain, Md Sakawat Hossain, M. Julleh Jalalur Rahman, and Kamruzzaman. "GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SANGU GAS FIELD, OFFSHORE, BANGLADESH: CONSTRAINTS ON RESERVOIRS." Journal of Petroleum Geology 43, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12770.

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44

Dover, W. D., and L. J. Bond. "Weld crack characterization on offshore structures using AC potential difference and ultrasonics." NDT International 19, no. 4 (August 1986): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(86)90069-6.

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45

Reed, Allen H., Richard W. Faas, Mead A. Allison, Lauro J. Calliari, K. T. Holland, S. E. O’Reilly, W. C. Vaughan, and A. Alves. "Characterization of a mud deposit offshore of the Patos Lagoon, southern Brazil." Continental Shelf Research 29, no. 3 (March 2009): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.02.001.

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46

Osinowo, Olawale Olakunle, Janet O. Ayorinde, Christiana Princess Nwankwo, O. M. Ekeng, and O. B. Taiwo. "Reservoir description and characterization of Eni field Offshore Niger Delta, southern Nigeria." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 8, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-017-0402-7.

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47

Fazal, S. A., R. Rai, and G. C. Joshi. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SLUDGE WAXES FROM CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS HANDLING OFFSHORE CRUDE." Petroleum Science and Technology 15, no. 7-8 (August 1997): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916469708949687.

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48

Cindra Fonseca, M., I. N. Bastos, E. Baggio-Saitovitch, and D. R. Sánchez. "Characterization of oxides of stainless steel UNS S30400 formed in offshore environment." Corrosion Science 55 (February 2012): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2011.09.029.

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49

Kpeglo, D. O., J. Mantero, E. O. Darko, G. Emi-Reynolds, A. Faanu, G. Manjón, I. Vioque, E. H. K. Akaho, and R. Garcia-Tenorio. "Radiochemical characterization of produced water from two production offshore oilfields in Ghana." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 152 (February 2016): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.10.026.

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50

Jin, Xinwei, Liuhe Yang, Donghao Wu, Mengying Zhu, Shan Gao, and Yong Jia. "Quantitative Characterization of Interlayer Interference in Multi-Layered Sandstone Reservoirs Offshore China." Open Journal of Geology 12, no. 12 (2022): 1093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2022.1212051.

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