Статті в журналах: "Official English"

1

Stalker, James C. "Official English or English Only." English Journal 77, no. 3 (March 1988): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/818405.

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2

Kachru, Braj B. "Perspectives on Official English: The Campaign for English as the Official Language of the USA.:Perspectives on Official English: The Campaign for English as the Official Language of the USA." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 3, no. 2 (December 1993): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1993.3.2.250.

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3

Draper, Jamie B., Karen L. Adams, and Daniel T. Brink. "Perspectives on Official English: The Campaign for English as the Official Language of the USA." Modern Language Journal 76, no. 1 (1992): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329939.

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4

Ricento, Thomas, Karen L. Adams, and Daniel T. Brink. "Perspectives on Official English: The Campaign for English as the Official Language of the U.S.A." TESOL Quarterly 26, no. 1 (1992): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3587373.

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5

MADRID, ARTURO. "Official English: A False Policy Issue." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 508, no. 1 (March 1990): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716290508001006.

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Making English the official language of the United States is a false policy issue. The evidence does not support arguments that the use of English is declining or that the use of other languages debilitates the social fabric of the United States. On the contrary, attempts to impose English on the U.S. population have served historically to divide the nation. The facts do not support linguistic or social fragmentation. English is the language of state and the common language of the U.S. population. Immigrants continue to enter the United States because of the protections and opportunities it offers, and they give highest priority to learning English. The real language-policy issues have to do with literacy and high-level multilingual skills. A sane national language policy would give primacy to literacy and would promote multilingualism. The nation's energies must be directed at language policies that empower all citizens rather than punish some.

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6

Amaya, Maria Alvarez. "Official English Amendment: A Nurse's Commentary." Nursing Forum 26, no. 3 (July 1991): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.1991.tb00886.x.

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7

Schildkraut, Deborah J. "Official-English and the States: Influences on Declaring English the Official Language in the United States." Political Research Quarterly 54, no. 2 (June 2001): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/449166.

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8

Schildkraut, Deborah J. "Official-English and the States: Influences on Declaring English the Official Language in the United States." Political Research Quarterly 54, no. 2 (June 2001): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106591290105400211.

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9

Adamson, Bob, and Ora Kwo. "Constructing an official English for China, 1949–2000." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 12, no. 1 (July 18, 2002): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.12.1.10ada.

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This paper focuses on the construction of the linguistic contents of the current junior secondary school syllabus and national textbooks in the People’s Republic of China, from which the official English promoted by the state can be identified. Using quantitative and qualitative data, the paper analyses the nature of this official English in five distinct historical phases. It finds that the English curriculum in the different phases was linked to shifting national economic and political priorities, as evidenced by the attention to structured pedagogical approaches that focus on communication during times of economic modernisation and openness to the outside world, and by the stress on political and moral messages during times of hyper-politicisation and relative international isolation. English is constructed for its economic and political utility, based on an exogenous model, British English. It is not officially constructed to reflect an endogenous variety of Chinese English.

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10

Demyanchuk, Yuliia I. "TRANSLATION OF THE OFFICIAL BUSINESS ENGLISH-LANGUAGE TERMINOLOGY OF THE UN." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 14(82) (August 29, 2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-14(82)-54-61.

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This research article is devoted to substantiation of the current methods of translation of the official business terminology used by the United Nations (hereinafter referred to as the UN) into Ukrainian and Russian, as well as identification and systematization of regularities of its lexical, semantic, stylistic and linguistic cultural manifestations in English-language official business texts. The variety of the special terminology and basic methods of translation are the main area of research by translators. Therefore, it is important to focus on those methods of translation of the official business terminology that interpret various aspects of special lexical tokens in official business documents (hereinafter referred to as the OBD) to the fullest extent possible. Expansion of discursive practices (such as international organization, politics, information, cooperation, education, language, economic and environmental safety, protection of human rights, military security, environmental protection) broadens the official and business terminology of the United Nations beyond the general structured characteristics, accentuates its linguistic nature and fosters the development of a discourse of the official business terminology of international organizations in general. This research article offers a comprehensive methodology for the analysis of an official business text, as well as the relevant types of translation methods focused on the study of the legal potential of official business terms having a regulatory impact on the OBD.

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11

Zavodny, Madeline. "The Effects of Official English Laws on Limited‐English‐Proficient Workers." Journal of Labor Economics 18, no. 3 (July 2000): 427–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209965.

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12

Song, Jae Jung. "English as an official language in South Korea." Language Problems and Language Planning 35, no. 1 (January 12, 2011): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.1.03son.

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In largely monolingual South Korea, English has become so important that it is promoted and regarded as a major criterion in education, employment and job-performance evaluation. Recently, South Koreans have also gone so far as to debate whether to adopt English as an official language of South Korea. This article examines the status and role of English in South Korea, particularly in the context of the Official English debate. In so doing, the article critically discusses previous ideologically-based accounts of English in South Korea. By demonstrating that these accounts do not go ideologically deep enough, the article argues that education, under cover of the ideology of merit, serves as a primary mechanism of elimination that conserves the hierarchy of power relations already established in South Korean society. English has been recruited, in the guise of globalization, to exploit the meretricious ideology of merit to the advantage of the privileged classes and to the disadvantage of the other classes of the society. English in South Korea cannot be understood fully unless it is recognized that its importance has not been as much engendered by globalization as it has been resorted to as a subterfuge to conceal where the responsibility for inequality in education lies within the society.

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13

Priydarshi, Ashok Kumar. "Evaluation and Recognition of Indian English." Journal of Advanced Research in English and Education 06, no. 02 (October 8, 2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.4370.202102.

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Indian English (IE) is a variety of the English language spoken in India and among the Indian diaspora elsewhere in the world. English is used by the Indian government for communication as a supplement to Hindi, the country’s “official language of the Union” enshrined in the Constitution. English is an official language of 7 states and 5 Union Territories and also an additional official language of the Judiciary of India, unless a state Governor or legislator mandates the use of regional language, or the President has given approval for the use of regional languages in courts.

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14

Priydarshi, Ashok Kumar. "Evaluation and Recognition of Indian English." Journal of Advanced Research in English and Education 06, no. 02 (October 8, 2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.4370.202102.

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Indian English (IE) is a variety of the English language spoken in India and among the Indian diaspora elsewhere in the world. English is used by the Indian government for communication as a supplement to Hindi, the country’s “official language of the Union” enshrined in the Constitution. English is an official language of 7 states and 5 Union Territories and also an additional official language of the Judiciary of India, unless a state Governor or legislator mandates the use of regional language, or the President has given approval for the use of regional languages in courts.

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15

Priydarshi, Ashok Kumar. "Evaluation and Recognition of Indian English." Journal of Advanced Research in English and Education 06, no. 02 (October 8, 2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.4370.202102.

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Indian English (IE) is a variety of the English language spoken in India and among the Indian diaspora elsewhere in the world. English is used by the Indian government for communication as a supplement to Hindi, the country’s “official language of the Union” enshrined in the Constitution. English is an official language of 7 states and 5 Union Territories and also an additional official language of the Judiciary of India, unless a state Governor or legislator mandates the use of regional language, or the President has given approval for the use of regional languages in courts.

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16

MacKAYE, SUSANNAH D. A. "California Proposition 63: Language Attitudes Reflected in the Public Debate." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 508, no. 1 (March 1990): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716290508001011.

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In the November 1988 elections, three states—Colorado, Arizona, and Florida—passed measures making English the official language of those states. These victories were foreshadowed by the passage, in 1986, of Position 63 in California. Proposition 63 amended the state constitution to declare English the official language of California and charged the legislature and state officials with the preservation and enhancement of English as the common language of the state. The appearance of Proposition 63 on the political horizon brought language into public parlance, allowing us the opportunity to explore American language ideology. Preelection editorials and letters to the editor in California newspapers speculating on the need for and effects of Proposition 63 reveal the language attitudes of the writers. Certain themes that regularly appeared on both sides of the issue may be taken as elements of current American ideology.

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17

Shin, Hyo-Soo. "English Learning Strategies of Public Official Job-seekers." English21 28, no. 3 (September 2015): 215–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35771/engdoi.2015.28.3.010.

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18

Schildkraut, Deborah J. "American Identity and Attitudes Toward Official-English Policies." Political Psychology 24, no. 3 (September 2003): 469–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0162-895x.00337.

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19

Yang, Huansong, Huizhen Huang, Pingping Liu, and Jiangnan Yang. "RESEARCH ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND PRACTICE OF WECHAT PUBLIC PLATFORM TEACHING RESOURCES BASED ON PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION — TAKING PRIMARY SCHOOL FOREIGN LANGUAGE (ENGLISH) CURRICULUM AS AN EXAMPLE." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): A14—A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.019.

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Abstract Background Nowadays, wechat applications are very popular in China. Through the text, pictures, sound and video on the wechat official account platform, all-round communication between individuals and between individuals and the media has been realized. Wechat official account platform is an important functional module of wechat application. On this platform, enterprises and individuals can create an official account to communicate and interact with specific users. Its forms of communication and interaction are very diverse, including text, sound, pictures, pictures, text messages and videos. This paper applies the wechat official account platform to foreign language (English) teaching for primary school students. Developed foreign language (English) learning resources suitable for wechat official account platform. Subjects and Methods 330 public primary school teachers were investigated by stratified sampling, including the experimental primary school in F City, the First Affiliated Primary School of s Normal University and the experimental primary school in district a of F City. From the deep understanding of the wechat official account platform, the strong support for the wechat official account platform, the diverse forms of the wechat official account platform, the diverse contents of the wechat official account platform, and the diversity of the wechat official account platform, we conducted a questionnaire survey, and realized the implementation of the wechat official account and the practical teaching resource platform from the perspective of psychology. In addition, the study also found that foreign language anxiety was negatively correlated with foreign language achievement. Similarly, there is a significant negative correlation between foreign language anxiety and self-efficacy. State anxiety, trait anxiety and foreign language learning anxiety are all positively correlated. The “anxiety” component of learners' personality characteristics plays a great role in the generation of foreign language learning anxiety. The correlation coefficient between LCAS and trait anxiety was 0.408, while the correlation coefficient between LCAS and state anxiety was 0.395. Both reached a significant level (P < 0.01). Self efficacy is positively correlated with foreign language achievement. Research shows that foreign language anxiety, gender and self-efficacy can be used as comprehensive variables to measure foreign language learning achievement. Results Based on the teaching concept of “teacher led and student-centered”, the traditional classroom teaching and network assisted learning were combined. Through the primary school foreign language (English) learning resource platform based on wechat official account platform \ primary school foreign language (English) reading resource platform based on wechat official account platform \ primary school foreign language (English) counseling and Q & a platform based on wechat official account platform, Let students realize resource-based autonomous learning in order to achieve the best effect of foreign language learning. Conclusion From the survey data, the teachers of the surveyed schools have realized the advantages of oral English teaching on wechat public platform. Wechat public platform has built a bridge for communication between teachers and students and realized free dialogue between teachers and students. Therefore, the platform has become an oral English training base. Carry out students' English teaching and develop English learning resources suitable for wechat public platform. Based on the concept of “double master”, these two teaching methods are combined with traditional classroom teaching and network assisted learning. Based on wechat public primary school English learning resource platform, wechat public primary school English reading resource platform or wechat public primary school English counseling platform, let primary school students realize autonomous learning and optimize primary school English learning. Acknowledgements This project is supported by Zhejiang Industry-Education Integration Engineering Base (Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission society [2020] No. 319).

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20

Graham, Aaron. "Select Document: the Case of Robert Ayleway esqr, late Comptroller of the Artillery in Ireland, 1692." Irish Historical Studies 39, no. 155 (May 2015): 479–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2014.7.

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Abstract This article examines a petition drawn up by Robert Ayleway, an official within the Irish fiscal-military state in 1692, in connection with charges of corruption and incompetence during the Williamite Wars (1689–91). Ayleway’s petition, and his wider career, demonstrate that he was part of a process of English and Irish state formation that had begun well before 1688, driven by informal patronage networks as much as by formal bureaucratic developments, creating an entrenched interest group of officials that nevertheless came into conflict after 1689 with new officers, many of them foreign, who came to Ireland in William III’s train. Both sides suspected the loyalty of the other, but the petition reveals that Ayleway saw himself, with some justice, as a competent and loyal official who had used his private means to serve the public in a way that had also advanced his own private interests, suggesting something of the ethos of officials within the new Irish (and English) fiscal-military state.

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21

Braun, Friederike. "Review of Adams & Brink (1990): Perspectives on Official English. The Campaign for English as the Official Language of the USA." Language Problems and Language Planning 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.15.2.20bra.

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22

Collins, James. ": Perspectives on Official English: The Campaign for English as the Official Language of the USA . Karen L. Adams, Daniel T. Brink." American Anthropologist 94, no. 2 (June 1992): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1992.94.2.02a00350.

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23

Nieto, David G. "Making it official: The institutionalization of the hegemony of English." education policy analysis archives 29 (July 12, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.5741.

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Drawing upon Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as theoretical framework and methodological tool, the present paper critically examines the legislation that has established English as official language in 30 states. This study captures the motivation and rationale of the policies, their stated outcomes and educational implications. The analysis situates the discourse embedded in official language policies within its socio-historical context and the conceptualization of race and language in the US. The results indicate that official English legislation responds to a conservative raciolinguistic ideology that seeks to reaffirm the hegemony of English as a mechanism of internal colonization. Official English attempts to establish monolingual educational and governmental practices that serve as an instrument to protect the status quo and, thus, perpetuate the privilege of whiteness and the subordination of immigrants, and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC).

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24

Kaganiec-Kamieńska, Anna. "Jeden naród – jeden język? Ruch English-Only w kontekście wcześniejszych prób uregulowania statusu języka angielskiego w Stanach Zjednoczonych." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 37 (February 18, 2022): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.025.

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One Nation – One Language? The English-Only Movement in the United StatesSpeaking English is perceived as essential to American identity. The English language does not, however, have an official status in the United States. As a consequence of the change in the racial and ethnic composition of the US population, in particular the growth of the Hispanic/Latino minority, since the 1980s the country has witnessed the birth and growth of the English-Only movement. The aim of the movement is to give English an official status. Even though no federal regulations have yet been passed, Official English measures have been adopted by many American states.This article presents the English-Only movement within the context of earlier attempts to restrict the use of foreign languages in the US. It also briefly discusses some of the federal, state and local regulations.

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25

Cunningham, Karen J. "Becoming Criminal: Transversal Performance and Cultural Dissidence in Early Modern England. By Bryan Reynolds. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002; pp. 195. $41.95 cloth; Theatrical Convention and Audience Response in Early Modern Drama. By Jeremy Lopez. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003; pp. 216. $60 cloth." Theatre Survey 45, no. 1 (May 2004): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557404370080.

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Bryan Reynolds's fascinating book, Becoming Criminal, contributes to the growing scholarly work that examines relations among early modern literature, theatre, and legalism. Reynolds identifies a distinct late sixteenth-century criminal culture that operated according to its own aesthetic, ideology, language, and lifestyle. This culture's proximity to state official culture was a crucial part of its own identity and also of its power to undermine and dissent from that official cultural identity. “Self-defined by the criminal conduct and dissident thought” of its members, and “officially defined by and against the dominant preconceptions of English cultural normality,” this culture “constituted a subnation that illegitimately occupied material and conceptual space within the English nation” (1). In this view, it sought not to destroy the dominant system but to feed off of it, possessing in itself a paradoxical coherence and chosen way of life that “transverses” official culture: that lies athwart of it, crosses into it, and is fetishized by it.

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26

Kouega, Jean-Paul. "Forty years of official bilingualism in cameroon." English Today 15, no. 4 (October 1999): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400011251.

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27

Gedik, Tan Arda, and Yağmur Su Kolsal. "A Corpus-based Analysis of High School English Textbooks and English University Entrance Exams in Turkey." Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/tapsla.9152.

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This study aims to explore the missing link between English textbooks used in high schools (9th-12th grades) and English university entrance exams (2010-2019) in Turkey on lexical and syntactic complexity levels by using corpus linguistics tools: AntWordProfiler, TAALED, and the L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (L2SCA). Official textbooks and complementary materials obtained from the Ministry of National Education have been compared against the official university entrance exams from the past decade. The results show that: (i) differences in lexical sophistication level can be observed between the two corpora, the lexical sophistication level of the exam corpus was higher than that of the textbook corpus, (ii) there is a statistically significant difference between the two corpora in terms of lexical diversity, the exam corpus has a significantly higher level of lexical diversity than the textbook corpus, (iii) statistically significant differences also existed between the two corpora regarding the syntactic complexity indices. The syntactic complexity level of the exam corpus was higher than that of the textbook corpus. The findings suggest that Turkish high school students who have to learn English with the official textbooks throughout their high school years will have to tackle low-frequency and more sophisticated words at a higher level of syntactic complexity at the time of taking the nationwide exam. This, in return, creates a negative backwash effect, distorts their approach to L2, and raises other concerns about the misalignment between the official language education materials and nationwide exams.

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28

Beheydt, Ludovic. "Onderwijsbeleid en Praktijk in de Meertalige Samenleving." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 74 (January 1, 2005): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.74.10beh.

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The multilingual society is a fact, both in Belgium and in the Netherlands. Minority languages like Arab, Turkish or Hindi have a strong position, even though they are not officially supported. English and the major European languages, on the other hand, have a protected status in education. The European modern languages are being promoted by the official European language policy. The minority languages, however, do not have an official status in education in Flanders and the Netherlands. The academic world asks for more official recognition of the minority languages and resists the idea that all efforts should go into majority standard language education. The official policy, on the other hand, gives absolute priority to the learning of the majority Dutch standard language, as a means to integration of minority groups. Officially, multilingualism is fostered only in so far as the modern European languages are concerned. In Belgium the multilingual language policy is hampered by the existence of a series of language laws that complicate multilingual education.

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29

Phillips, June K., and Dennis Baron. "The English Only Question: An Official Language for Americans?" Modern Language Journal 76, no. 1 (1992): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329940.

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30

Koo, Myoung-Hoi. "The theory of English as official language in Japan." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25117/jhss.2017.04.3.1.5.

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31

Sanchez, George J., and Dennis Baron. "The English-Only Question: An Official Language for Americans?" History of Education Quarterly 32, no. 1 (1992): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/368430.

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32

Sebuyungo, Enoch. "Translating official documents from French to English in Uganda." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 67, no. 6 (November 10, 2021): 730–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00243.seb.

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Abstract Although underexplored in Africa, the translation of official documents presents a revelatory context for examining translation practice and theory. Through a sociolinguistic and pragmatic lens, this study explores how translating official documents by focusing on linguistic equivalences without taking into account national institutional systems can be misleading. The argument is made that sociolinguistic variables and Grice’s pragmatic maxims are essential in enhancing translation effectiveness. A sample of 151 pairs of source and target documents dating from 2011–2017 was purposively selected. This corpus from nineteen Francophone countries covers three broad categories: Education, Legal, and General Administrative Correspondence. Nineteen translators and fourteen end-users were also interviewed regarding the translation effectiveness of corpus examples. Data is analyzed using sociolinguistic and pragmatic criteria. Finally, the analysis is positioned within the broader scholarship on translation studies to demonstrate how this approach expands our knowledge regarding effective translation.

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Alatis, James E., and Dennis E. Baron. "The English-Only Question: An Official Language for Americans?" Language 69, no. 4 (December 1993): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416888.

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34

Tatalovich, Raymond. "Voting on Official English Language Referenda in Five States." Language Problems and Language Planning 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.19.1.03tat.

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RESUMEN Referendum sobre la oficializacióon del inglés en cinco estados: Cuál es la reacción contra los hispanohablantes? Sufragantes de Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado y Florida aprobaron el referendum que hace del inglés su lengua oficial. E1 autor utiliza el voto por condado a favor del inglés (variable dependiente) para defender cinco hipôtesis: la racial (los anglos contra los latinos), la étnica (los negros contra los latinos), la económica (la clase de menores ingresos contra los latinos), la politica (los republicanos contra los latinos), y la cultural (el indigenismo contra los latinos). Como variables independientes el autor incluye por cada estado los porcentajes de poblaciôn latina, negra, con education universitaria, por debajo de la línea oficial de pobreza, y rural, el ingreso medio familiar y el total de poblaciôn de cada una de ellas, además del voto por Ronald Reagan en 1984. Las hipôtesis racial y cultural no son validas; la rivalidad étnica emerge solo en Alabama; la hipôtesis de clases esta sostenida por relaciones negativas con el nivel cultural. Pero es la hipôtesis politica la que ofrece la explication mas convincente, ya que el apoyo a Reagan da el pronóstico mas seguro para el voto por la oficialización del inglés a través de los cinco estados. RESUMO Voĉdonado en kvin statoj en referendumoj pri oficialigo de la angla lingvo: kia reago kontraŭ hispanparolantoj? Vocdonantoj en Alabamo, Arizono, Florido, Kalifornio kaj Kolorado aprobis referendumojn, kiuj igis la anglan ilia oficiala lingvo. La aûtoro uzas la laûprovincan vocnombron subtenan al la angla (dependa varianto) por provi kvin hipotezojn: rasa (angla kontraŭ hispana), etna (nigra kontraŭ hispana), ekonomia (malaltklasa kontraŭ hispana), politika (respublikana kontraŭ hispana), kaj kultura (indigenisma kontraŭ hispana). Kiel nedependajn variantojn la aŭtoro enmetas: la procentaĵon en ciu provinco kiu estas hispana, nigra, universitatnivele klerigita, sub la nivelo de malriceco, kaj kampara; la mezan familian enspezon; la kompletan nombron de enloĝantoj; kaj la nombron de vocoj por Ronald Reagan en 1984. La rasaj kaj kulturaj hipotezoj ne validigas; etna rivaleco aperas nur en Alabamo; la klasa hipotezo estas apogata de negativa rilato kun la kleriga nivelo. Sed la politika hipotezo proponas la plej konvinkan klarigon en tio, ke subteno al Reagan estas la plej konsekvenca prognozanto de vocdonado por oficialigo de la angla trans ciuj kvin statoj.

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Peterson, Tarla Rai. "Reconstituting ethnocentrism: The American Ethnic coalition and official English." Howard Journal of Communications 1, no. 3 (September 1988): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646178809359684.

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Yaffe, Philip. "Should English be declared the world's official common language?" Ubiquity 2007, December (December 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1345073.1345074.

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Kleinedler, Steve. "The Official Dictionary of Unofficial English (review)." Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America 28, no. 1 (2007): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dic.2007.0004.

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Nishimura, Masaharu. "Why do we need an official journal in English?" Respiratory Investigation 50, no. 3 (September 2012): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2012.08.001.

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Kathryn Walkiewicz. "Affirmative Exclusions: The Indigenous Exception in Oklahoma's Official English." Native American and Indigenous Studies 3, no. 2 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/natiindistudj.3.2.0025.

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Sanger, Andrew. "I. IMMUNITY OF STATE OFFICIALS FROM THE CRIMINAL JURISDICTION OF A FOREIGN STATE." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 1 (January 2013): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058931200053x.

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AbstractIn Khurts Bat, the English High Court held that Mr Bat, a Mongolian State official charged with committing municipal crimes on German territory, was not immune from the jurisdiction of German courts and could therefore be extradited to Germany. This article examines the three theories of immunity put forward in that case: (1) special missions immunity, (2) high-ranking official immunity, and (3) State immunity. It focuses on the question of whether State officials charged with municipal crimes may plead immunity ratione materiae from the criminal jurisdiction of a foreign State by examining key examples of State practice.

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Mumu, Musrat Sultana, Ananya Salehin, and Umme Kulsum. "practice of using corporate English in the official sector of Bangladesh." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (May 1, 2022): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns3.2178.

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The beginning of English language in Bangladesh had an agitated past as well as an indifferent but overwhelming present. Till now, Bangladesh is largely considered as a monolingual country where English is intensely important for international communication. The British people took an Action project to enhance the use of their language, which is English as a tool for better access to world employment. This was one of the biggest reasons behind establishing English as an International language of the world. In this research the researcher intends to highlight the problems and prospects of corporate English inside Bangladesh. The research sites were located at different corporate houses of Dhaka city. Both quantitative and analytical methods have been incorporated in the study in analyzing the data. Based on these, some proposals have been made to create awareness and to minimize the problems of using English at the corporate level of the employees.

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Vela, Jualim D. "Primary Science Teaching to Bicolano Students: In Bicol, English or Filipino?" International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v4i1.4486.

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<p>This study aimed to determine the effects of using the local and mother languages on primary students’ academic performance in science, which is officially taught in English. Using the official language, English, and the two local languages- Filipino, the national and official language, and Bicol, the mother language of the respondents- science lessons were developed and administered to three randomly grouped students. After each science lesson, the researcher administered tests in three languages to the three groups of students to determine their comprehension of science lessons in the three languages. The findings indicated that students who were taught using the Filipino language obtained better mean scores in the test compared to students who were taught using their mother language. On the other hand, students who were taught using the English language obtained the lowest mean scores. Furthermore, the results revealed that the Bicol speaking students prefer the Filipino language during class discussions, recitations, in following their teacher’s instructions during science related classroom activities, and in doing their homework.</p>

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Omoniyi, Tope. "English and the other Tongues in Official Communicative Interaction in Nigeria." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 103-104 (January 1, 1994): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.103-104.04omo.

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Abstract This paper examines issues of language choice and language use patterns, attitudes to English and to indigenous languages in official communicative interaction in Nigeria as they exist in the offices today. The report is projected against the background of the claim that English is 'the language of government, education, commerce, etc.' in Nigeria; a claim that does not present the current roster of functions performed or shared by English and the other languages. It does not correctly portray workers' preferences of language medium in participating in the numerous communicative interactions they get into in the course of their day's work. This report acclaims the importance of English particularly in a multiplex society such as Nigeria's, but also goes on to role-sharing and competition for certain communicative functions is actually going on between English and the indigenous languages in the offices today. The report therefore represents a state of the art commentary on language use practice and preferences in the offices. It is a signal to the writers of the Nigerian Constitution and drafters of the National Language Policy per se that a reworking is due. And for other English as a Second Language (ESL) nations, the report is a hint that assessment of the actual roles of English in national life is a continuous process rather than a once-and-for-all issue.

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JAFAR, MUHAMMAD RAHIM, and MUHAMMAD RAHIM JAFAR. "Challenges toward the Implications of Official Urdu." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i4.234.

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Urdu is associated with the Muslims of the subcontinent region before the partition of Pakistan and India. It is the national language and one of the official languages of Pakistan. English and Urdu are spoken, written, and understood throughout the country, although the Urdu languages are spoken throughout many regions of Pakistan, including the local and regional languages. For the same reason, Urdu was declared Pakistan's national language after the country gained independence.Afterwards, certain bodies were established for its proper implementation as the official language of the country. Implementation of this constitutional obligation, though, requires a thorough exercise and hard work for the development of languages in Pakistan, such as the competing status of Urdu and English Therefore, academia, constitutionalists, and the general public are suggested to come forward to help the government official fulfil this obligation.

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Legère, Karsten. "African linguistic landscapes: Focus on English." Language in Africa 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2022-3-1-3-30.

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English is the official or co-official language in 21 African nations. Out of these the linguistic landscape analysis here focuses on two countries, that is Namibia and Tanzania. In the latter case, the national language Swahili enjoys de facto the same status as English which, however, for the number of competent speakers is a minority language in this East African country, Namibia and elsewhere in Africa. The paper deals mainly with the English use in various domains, as evidenced in billboard texts, shop signs, on murals, buildings and more. It describes the top-down (originating from central institutions) or bottom up (grassroots) approach to shaping the linguistic landscape in public. From this perspective the paper demonstrates the high prestige of English.

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Bousmah, Ibrahim, and Gilles Grenier. "Immigrant linguistic integration in the multilingual context of Montreal." Language Problems and Language Planning 45, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.20020.gre.

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Abstract We investigate the relative intensity of use of English and French at home for allophone immigrants in the Montreal metropolitan area. We find that the linguistic distances between immigrants’ mother tongues and English and French have an important impact on the relative intensities of use at home of the two Canadian official languages. However, immigrants whose mother tongues are closer to French than to English are relatively less likely to use an official language at home. We further investigate the role of spousal and other characteristics on the integration of immigrants. The results suggest that the home environment is an important factor contributing to the linguistic integration. Individuals exposed to an official language at home with their spouse have significantly higher rates of linguistic integration. Also, English is more attractive than French in the sense that immigrants with an Anglophone partner will have higher integration rates to English than those with a Francophone partner integrating to French.

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Sandilands, Marion. "If We Do It Right, It Will Hurt: The Official Languages Act, Nation-Building, and English-Speaking Quebec." Perspectives, no. 17 (December 21, 2021): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1084700ar.

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In Quebec—a province with complex and fraught language politics—the federal Official Languages Act recognizes the English-speaking population of Quebec as a minority language community. Anchored in the perspective of English-speaking Quebec, the essay argues that the Official Languages Act is an attempt at nation-building, embedded and embroiled in the history and politics of language. First, the essay discusses how the existence of English-speaking Quebec shaped language rights and the Official Languages Act in particular. Next, it describes the English-speaking minority of Quebec and how this minority fits within the framework of the Act, commenting on and critiquing the Act from this perspective. Lastly, it argues that the modernization of the Act is more than just a technical exercise and that it requires a national conversation and debate around language and identity.

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Dr. Noor Ahmed, Bijar khan, Dr Mirwais Kasi, and Abdul Qadir. "ECONOMIC AND EDUCATIONAL IMPACTS REGARDING THEREMOVAL OF ENGLISHLANGUAGE AS AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGEINPAKISTAN:." Al-Burz 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v9i1.104.

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This paper examines the definite impacts of English language’s removal as an official language in Pakistan as well as analyzes critically whether the timing of the decision is a sane motive? English surely is the lingua franca and educational language in the world possessing the prime status regarding international communiqué. Scholastic development as accepted by globalization has to shifted the character of the English language. Whereas English has turned out to be an essential means increasing attractiveness in international arena, as the top developing countries are emphasizing more and more on English language to be universalized in all fields. Although the local languages do have their importance and may not be discarded to be used as official languages. The findings of this study reveal the possible economic impacts and common realism of different linguistic development as well as strategy creativities in the country as well as to recommend the better policies and planning for the actual use of local as well as English language.

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Demyanchuk, Yuliya I. "A MODEL OF THE ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN SUB-CORPUS OF TEXTS OF NATO, UN AND WTO OFFICIAL AND BUSINESS DOCUMENTS." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2022-2-24-14.

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This academic article offers a model of the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents of NATO, UN, and WTO (hereinafter referred to as the EUS) as a supplement to the Ukrainian National Corpus (hereinafter referred to as the UNC), where texts are presented as a hierarchical structure. In an effort to provide a more comprehensive view of NATO, UN, and WTO official and business documents, a mechanism of use of our model envisages determination of the exact position of a text in all UNC corporas, what essentially simplifies the practical process of search and automated translation of texts and special terminology in particular. In consequence, the author offers to increase the number of unique texts that will ensure the representativeness of the EUS in the Ukrainian National Corpus, and to divide the whole process of the EUS formation into elementary tasks that will increase the UNC efficiency. The practical value of the research lies in a possibility to use the EUS for texts parallel translation and terminological phrases separation on the basis of such texts. The methodological potential of our research is based on the works of well-known Ukrainian and foreign scholars (V. Bohorodytskyi, I. Baudouin de Courtenay, K. Brugman, W. Wundt, B. Delbruck, G. Paul, O. Potebnia, P. Fortunatov, W. Scherer, H. Steinthal, A. Schleicher et al.), who strengthened the scientific interest to the problem of translation and corpus of texts in particular. The object of the research is a model of the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents of NATO, UN, and WTO. The purpose of the research is to prove that the model of the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of official and business documents texts can become a full-fledged informational foundation for the formation of texts parallel corpus within the Ukrainian National Corpus. The methods of observation and experiment were applied to analyze empirical, review, conceptual analytical tools that specify the meaning of described objects and phenomena given their qualitative affiliation to the UNC. The study focuses on a number of tasks, in particular: - to determine a theoretical and linguistic basis of the concept “English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents of NATO, UN, and WTO”; - to determine the mechanism of updating of the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents of NATO, UN, WTO within the UNC; - to find out the specifics of formation and filling-in of the EUS; - to substantiate the relevant methodology of examination of official and business texts of NATO, UN, and WTO in the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents; - to single out and itemize the advantages of the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents of NATO, UN, and WTO within the UNC. Analysis of the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents of NATO, UN, and WTO as a construct of the parallel corpus of texts of the UNC was carried out in several stages. The first stage envisaged description and inventory. Theoretical works on the history of the Ukrainian National Corpus were reviewed and generalized, and the concept of “English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents of NATO, UN, and WTO” was determined. It was found out that the UNC is the object of research in such areas of linguistic studies as the applied and corpus linguistics that construe the corpus of texts as a translator’s tool. This encourages us to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the UNC and justify the expediency of our proposal to develop the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents of NATO, UN, and WTO. Definition of the UNC as a national corpus of texts that contains only Ukrainian texts and does not envisage a parallel translation evidenced the need to create a proposal of a parallel corpus of texts with an updated English-language database. The selection of lexical items with the official and business semantics is based on documents of international organizations, such as NATO, UN, and WTO. At the same stage, we determine the purpose of the research, in particular, the formation of the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents, which envisages a parallel translation of NATO, UN, WTO texts. This sequence of procedures allowed us to carry out consideration and interpretation of existing theoretical provisions and inventory of factual research materials. Theoretical and corpus analysis methods were used in the research. The second stage envisaged analysis and differentiation. Special aspects of filling-up of the EUS with official and business texts of NATO, UN, and WTO were characterized. Theoretical analysis of the EUS was carried out in order to establish a clear hierarchy of the UNC structure. The main types of participants of the EUS formation (students, teaching staff) were differentiated and the behavioral model of every participant in the process was developed. The specifics of presentation of the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents of NATO, UN, and WTO in the UNC was established. This final stage, where methods of observation and experiment were used, evidenced determination of an exact place of a text in the EUS (belonging to a certain category of homogeneous texts) that becomes a crucial factor in choosing a translation option. Numerous terminological phrases and expressions in the analyzed official and business documents of UN, NATO, WTO, which act as identifiers in the EUS, were systematized. An increase in the number of unique texts (official and business texts) was noted, which ensures the representativeness of not only the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of official and business documents texts, but of the UNC in general. The final stage of the research confirmed the expediency of the division of the whole process of sub-corpus formation into elementary tasks. We generalized the statement that the EUS is a dynamic, context-dependent sub-corpus (only official and business texts of international organizations, such as NATO, UN, WTO) and an optimal algorithm designed to be easily downloaded and used. Conclusion. The analysis conducted in the present paper is meant to illustrate a new approach to forming a modern model of the sub-corpus of texts of official and business documents. The model of the English-Ukrainian sub-corpus of official and business documents texts of NATO, UN, and WTO provides for a clear division into categories of homogeneous texts and a quick search for special terminology of international organizations, such as NATO, UN, and WTO, in the EUS. In the context of the texts analyzed in the current paper numerous separated words and expressions-identifiers can help to carry out search and refer to a relevant text in the sub-corpus. Compilation of terminological nominations glossary, their functional and stylistic labeling and assimilation into the commonly used vocabulary of the EUS and later on in the UNC are currently at the stage of formation and approval. To this end, the current research manifests the concept of the EUS as a sub-corpus of the UNC that allows the prompt presentation of relevant texts of the official business style and coverage of the broadest range of interested readers.

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Shchukina, Tatiana. "Bilingualism in Canada: the legislation's reform." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 4 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760017961-4.

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The Official Language Act plays a key role in the lives of Canadians. Its purpose is to ensure respect for English and French as the official languages of Canada in governmental and parliamentary institutions, support the development and vitality of official language minority communities, set out powers, duties and functions of federal institutions with respect to the official languages of Canada. The Government of Canada has decided to modernize the Act to ensure that it continues to serve Canadians in a changing environment. That is why the Government of Canada showed its commitment to promote, protect and update a law by sharing its vision for official languages reform in February, titled French and English: Towards a substantive equality of official languages in Canada. After 30 years since the last major update, a modernization of the Official Languages Act is necessary to allow the law to keep pace with the social, demographic and technological realities in today’s society, which did not exist during the last revision in 1988. The bill recognizes the diversity of provincial and territorial language regimes and focuses on learning opportunities of the first language in minority settings and on learning opportunities of a second official language in a majority situation to improve the rate of bilingualism among Canadians. The bill also seeks to protect institutions of official language minority communities both for the English-speaking minority in Quebec and for the French-speaking minority in the rest of the country, and proposes new ways to better protect French in Canada, including in Québec.

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