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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "OF THREE STAGE CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "OF THREE STAGE CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM"

Sivakumar, Mayilsamy, and Periasamy Somasudaram. "Thermodynamic investigations of Zeotropic mixture of R290, R23 and R14 on three-stage auto refrigerating cascade system." Thermal Science 20, no. 6 (2016): 2073–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci140103091s.

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The zeotropic mixture of environment friendly refrigerants (hydrocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons) being the only alternatives for working fluid in low temperature refrigeration system. Hence, three-stage auto refrigerating cascade system was studied for the existence using four combinations of three-component zeotropic mixture of six different refrigerants. The exergy analysis confirmed the existence of three-stage auto refrigerating cascade system. The performances of the system like coefficient of performance, exergy lost, exergic efficiency, efficiency defect, and the evaporating temperature achieved were investigated for different mass fractions in order to verify the effect of mass fraction on them. In accordance with the environmental issues and the process of sustainable development, the three-component zeotropic mixture of R290/R23/R14 with the mass fraction of 0.218:0.346:0.436 was performing better and hence can be suggested as an alternative refrigerant for three-stage auto refrigerating cascade system operating at very low evaporating temperature in the range of ?97?C (176 K), at coefficient of performance of 0.253 and comparatively increased exergic efficiency up to 16.3% (58.5%).

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Jemni, Nourheine, Mouna Elakhdar, Ezzedine Nehdi, and Lakdar Kairouani. "Performance Investigation of Cascade Refrigeration System Using CO2 and Mixtures." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 23, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132515500224.

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This paper presents reports on simulation and comparative analysis of single stage vapor compression refrigeration system and cascade systems using carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons (HCs) and CO2/HCs mixture. Thermodynamic parameters of fluids are given using the software REFPROP 9.0. To select the most suitable HCs, three criteria have been fixed: Tc, Tt and Tb. It is found that the HCs chosen in low-stage are propane, propylene and ethane and those for the high-stage are propane, propylene and isobutane. The fraction mixture in the two loops has been varied and results are compared with single stage and cascade systems using CO2 and R22. The fraction x[Formula: see text] is varied in the two loops. Results are compared for single and cascade systems using CO2 and R22. For the single stage system, we find for xCO2 = 0.5, an improvement of COP of 14% for CO2/propane mixture and 36% for the CO2/propylene mixture. It is found that for xCO2 = 0.3, cascade system using propane/CO2 mixtures presents a COP lower than that of cascade system using pure CO2. About of 70% of unfriendly fluids like CFCs and HCFCs can be replaced with CO2, without affecting the performance of cascade refrigeration systems.

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RUCIŃSKI, Adam, Mateusz DALBA, and Rafał LASKOWSKI. "Comparative analysis of a cooling systems working on an environmentally friendly refrigerants." Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych, no. 4 (December 19, 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/iboa.123.

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Анотація:

The paper treats with refrigerants which affect on excessive heating of atmosphere. They are in group offluorinated greenhouse gases which are regulated by European and polish law. The main aim is to lower their amount in industry leading to overall removal from use. We present possible way to design refrigeration system lowering their adverse effect on natural environment. So three options of cooling systems are analyzed: one-stage refrigeration system working with R449A, cascade refrigeration system with R744 (carbon dioxide)/ R134a and R717 (ammonia) refrigeration plant. Due to the nowadays raising use of the cascade systems, an analysis of the operating parameters of such installation was carried out with considering the cascade heat exchanger as a condenser/evaporator. The installations concerned are three alternative offers for meat processing manufactory. A thermal balance was prepared for chambers located in building and the operating parameters of the installation were assumed. The equipment corresponding to the required cooling capacities were selected.

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Sun, Zhili, Qifan Wang, Baomin Dai, Meng Wang, and Zhiyuan Xie. "Options of low Global Warming Potential refrigerant group for a three-stage cascade refrigeration system." International Journal of Refrigeration 100 (April 2019): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.12.019.

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Misra, R. S. "Performance Evaluation of Ecofriendly Refrigerants in the Low Temperature Circuit in Terms of First Law and Second Law Efficiency of Three Stages Cascade Vapour Compression Refrigeration of Biomedical Applications." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 2 (2015): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.321530.

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Biomedical preservation requires storing biological specimens like stem cells blood and organs, at a storage temperature below -95oC. ,Hence, the main aim of the current research is to conduct a thermodynamic energy and exergy analysis to determine the thermal performance of three stages / four stages cascade refrigeration systems in the high temperature condenser temperature of 70oC using R1234ze and R1234yf in high temperature circuit and varying evaporator temperature (-20 oC to 10oC) in High temperature circuit, Varying evaporator temperature in first intermediate evaporator temperature (-70oC to -90oC) circuit using R134a and R410a as ecofriendly refrigerants is investigated. For low temperature evaporator temperature( -145oC to -100 oC) using hydrocarbons (R290, R600 and R600a) , R404a and other refrigerants in low temperature evaporator circuit on system performances (i.e. overall system coefficient of performance, (first law efficiency), exergetic efficiency (second law efficiency) and system exergy destruction ratio (EDR) is investigated in three stages /four stages cascade refrigeration systems are shown in this paper

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Qin, Yanbin, Nanxi Li, Hua Zhang, and Baolin Liu. "Energy and exergy performance evaluation of a three-stage auto-cascade refrigeration system using low-GWP alternative refrigerants." International Journal of Refrigeration 126 (June 2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.01.028.

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AIKINS, KOJO ATTA, SANG-HYEOK LEE, and JONG MIN CHOI. "TECHNOLOGY REVIEW OF TWO-STAGE VAPOR COMPRESSION HEAT PUMP SYSTEM." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 21, no. 03 (September 2013): 1330002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132513300024.

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Анотація:

There is increasing demand for domestic and industrial refrigeration, space heating and air conditioning. Heat pump systems offer economical alternatives for recovering heat from different sources for use in these applications. As a renewable energy technology for sustainable environment, the heat pump's high efficiency and low environmental impact have already drawn a fair amount of attention all over the world. Some of these domestic and industrial applications require very low evaporating temperatures and very high condensing temperatures which induce high compressor pressure ratios beyond the practical range for single-stage heat pump cycles. These high pressure ratios also produce low coefficient of performance (COP) values and expose the compressor to high discharge temperature, low volumetric efficiency and damage. However, this challenge can be overcome by adopting two-stage heat pump cycles. In this paper, recent works on two-stage heat pump systems for various applications are reviewed. They include two-stage cycle with intercooling, two-stage cycle with refrigerant injection and two-stage cascade cycle. Research and innovative designs of systems that make use of these two-stage cycles have been able to get heat pumps to handle applications with lower and higher temperatures, while enhancing heating capacity up to 30% and COP up to 31%.

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Qin, Yanbin, Nanxi Li, Hua Zhang, and Baolin Liu. "Thermodynamic performance of a modified −150 °C refrigeration system coupled with Linde-Hampson and three-stage auto-cascade using low-GWP refrigerants." Energy Conversion and Management 236 (May 2021): 114093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114093.

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Sivakumar, M., and P. Somasundaram. "Exergy and energy analysis of three stage auto refrigerating cascade system using Zeotropic mixture for sustainable development." Energy Conversion and Management 84 (August 2014): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.076.

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Peng, Zeyu, Zeyu Li, Junquan Zeng, and Jianting Yu. "Thermodynamic Study of Solar-Assisted Hybrid Cooling Systems with Consideration of Duration in Heat-Driven Processes." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 3533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103533.

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Solar-assisted hybrid cooling systems are promising for the energy saving of refrigeration systems. In most cases, the solar thermal gain is only able to power the heat-driven process of facilities during part of the working period. Therefore, the reduction of compressor power strongly depends upon the duration of heat-driven processes, which has not been addressed properly. Motivated by such a knowledge gap, the thermodynamic understanding of solar-assisted hybrid cooling systems is deepened through considering the duration in heat-driven processes. Three absorption–compression-integrated cooling cycles were taken as examples. It was found that optimal parameters, e.g., inter-stage pressure and temperature, corresponding to various performance indicators tend to be identical, as the duration of heat-driven processes is taken into account. Furthermore, the optimal parameter for different working conditions was obtained. The dimensionless optimal intermediate temperature of layout with the cascade condensation process varies slightly, e.g., 4%, for different conditions. Moreover, the fall of compressor power in the entire working period was nearly independent upon the intermediate temperature. The paper is favorable for the efficient design and operation of solar-assisted hybrid cooling systems.

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Дисертації з теми "OF THREE STAGE CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM"

KUMAR, RAHUL. "EXERGY & ENERGY ANALYSIS OF THREE STAGE CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION USING NATURAL REFRIGERANTS." Thesis, 2013. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/14204.

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Biomedical preservation requires the temperature for the storage of stem cell, blood, sperm & organs at a storage temperature of below -80°C.We can achieve effectively cooling of about -35°C with the help of simple vapour compression refrigeration system. With the help of compound vapour compression refrigeration system, temperature up to – 50 °C is achievable. The cascade refrigeration system is widely used where low temperatures are needed. The natural refrigerant CO2 makes it possible to achieve temperatures as low as -54°C in the low temperature stage. In this case propene is the refrigerant for the upper cascade stage.Using other refrigerants (e.g. ethane) in low temperature circuit temperatures as low as -88oC can be realized. So the required evaporating temperature below -80 °C can be achieved by cascade refrigeration system. Present work deals with thermodynamic analysis of cascade refrigeration system using ozone friendly hydrocarbon refrigerants Iso-butane (R-600a), Propane(R-290) & Ethane (R-170). Iso-butane (R-600a), Propane (R-290) & Ethane (R-170) are the natural refrigerants. These are hydrocarbons. These refrigerants are used as replacement to CFC refrigerant in low temperature applications. These refrigerants have zero ozone depletion potential and less global warming potential. Hydrocarbons are flammable but non toxic. System with charge mass sizes of 0.15 kg or less can be installed in any size of room. Since these refrigerants are pure natural gases, there is no problem of temperature glide as it occurs in azeotropic mixture. This study deals thermodynamically analysis of R-600a, R-290 & R-170, three stage cascade refrigeration system to optimize the operating parameters of the system. The operating parameters include: Condensing, evaporating, sub cooling and superheating temperatures in the high temperature circuit, temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger, Condensing, evaporating, sub cooling and superheating temperatures in the low & medium temperature circuit. This article presents a thermodynamic analysis to optimize a cascade refrigeration system to be used for biomedical cold-storage application. It can also be used successfully for rapid freezing and storage of frozen food and liquidification of petroleum vapor. A combination of hydrocarbon refrigerants i.e. Isobutene, Propane and Ethane–(R600a, R290 & R170) cascade system has been promoted as a prospective alternative solution to the use of HFC refrigerants.

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KUMAR, RAHUL. "EXERGY AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF THREE STAGE CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION USING NATURAL REFRIGRANTS." Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/14475.

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ABSTRACT Biomedical preservation requires the temperature for the storage of stem cell, blood, sperm & organs at a storage temperature of below -80°C.We can achieve effectively cooling of about -35°C with the help of simple vapour compression refrigeration system. With the help of compound vapour compression refrigeration system, temperature up to – 50 °C is achievable. The cascade refrigeration system is widely used where low temperatures are needed. The natural refrigerant CO2 makes it possible to achieve temperatures as low as -54°C in the low temperature stage. In this case propene is the refrigerant for the upper cascade stage.Using other refrigerants (e.g. ethane) in low temperature circuit temperatures as low as -88oC can be realized. So the required evaporating temperature below -80 °C can be achieved by cascade refrigeration system. Present work deals with thermodynamic analysis of cascade refrigeration system using ozone friendly hydrocarbon refrigerants Iso-butane (R-600a), Propane(R-290) & Ethane (R-170). Iso-butane (R-600a), Propane (R-290) & Ethane (R-170) are the natural refrigerants. These are hydrocarbons. These refrigerants are used as replacement to CFC refrigerant in low temperature applications. These refrigerants have zero ozone depletion potential and less global warming potential. Hydrocarbons are flammable but non toxic. System with charge mass sizes of 0.15 kg or less can be installed in any size of room. Since these refrigerants are pure natural gases, there is no problem of temperature glide as it occurs in azeotropic mixture. This study deals thermodynamically analysis of R-600a, R-290 & R-170, three stage cascade refrigeration system to optimize the operating parameters of the system. The operating parameters include: Condensing, evaporating, sub cooling and superheating temperatures in the high temperature circuit, temperature difference in the cascade heat exchanger, Condensing, evaporating, sub cooling and superheating temperatures in the low & medium temperature circuit. This article presents a thermodynamic analysis to optimize a cascade refrigeration system to be used for biomedical cold-storage application. It can also be used successfully for rapid freezing and storage of frozen food and liquidification of petroleum vapor. A combination of hydrocarbon refrigerants i.e. Isobutene, Propane and Ethane–(R600a, R290 & R170) cascade system has been promoted as a prospective alternative solution to the use of HFC refrigerants.

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Книги з теми "OF THREE STAGE CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM"

Oakes, Lisa M., and David H. Rakison. Developmental Cascades. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195391893.001.0001.

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Children take their first steps, produce their first words, and become able to solve many new problems seemingly overnight. Yet, each change reflects many other previous developments that occurred in the whole child across a range of domains, and each change, in turn, will provide opportunities for future development. This book proposes that all change can be explained in terms of developmental cascades such that events that occur at one point in development set the stage, or cause a ripple effect, for the emergence or development of different abilities, functions, or behaviors at another point in time. The authors argue that these developmental cascades are influenced by different kinds of constraints that do not have a single foundation: They may originate from the structure of the child’s nervous system and body, the physical or social environment, or knowledge and experience. These constraints occur at multiple levels of processing and change over time, and both contribute to developmental cascades and are the product of them. The book presents an overview of this developmental cascade perspective as a general framework for understanding change throughout the lifespan, although it is applied primarily to cognitive development in infancy. The book also addresses how a cascade approach obviates the dichotomy between domain-general and domain-specific mechanisms. The framework is applied in detail to three domains within infant cognitive development—namely, looking behavior, object representations, and concepts for animacy—as well as two domains unrelated to infant cognition (gender and attachment).

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "OF THREE STAGE CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM"

Ninković, Dimitrije, Uroš Milovančević, Milena Otović, and Vladimir Černicin. "Comparative Analysis of Electric Energy Consumption of Cascade System R134a/CO2 with Single Stage R404a and Two-Stage CO2 Installation." In 50th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.019.50.1.287.

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The paper analyzes electric energy consumption of three different refrigeration installations: cascade refrigeration system with R134a in the high temperature circuit and CO2 in the low temperature circuit, single stage refrigeration system operating with R404A and two-stage transcritical CO2 system. The indirect impact of the refrigeration system on global warming through electric energy consumption was examined. Thermodynamic cycles of these installations have been described and models have been developed to analyze the electric energy consumption required to drive the compressor as the largest consumer, for the cooling capacity of the evaporator 5,7 kW at evaporation temperature -30 °C for meteorological 2017, in the city of Belgrade. As a basis for comparative analysis, the existing cascade refrigeration system, which is located in the Laboratory for Thermal Science at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Belgrade, was selected.

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Hu, Chunxia, Yang Shi, Xiangge Zhao, and Guanjun Liu. "The impact of R50 on −100°C three-stage auto-cascade refrigeration system." In 2013 International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy and Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2013.6893740.

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Anderson, Kevin R., and Trevor Steele. "Analysis of a FAME/MLL Screw Multi-Stage Compressor for High Temperature, High Pressure Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20002.

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Abstract This paper presents the analysis and design of a compressor for application to a Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Methyl Linoleate (MLL) bio-refrigerant cascade working cycle. This working fluid is being used in the topping cycle of an active electronics payload cooling system design to operate at elevated temperatures and pressures such as those witnessed by a Venus lander. The twin-screw, three-stage compressor operates at escalated temperatures of approximately 520 °C (960 °F). The total compressor power of 143.4 W is shared as 43.5 W, 47.7 W, and 53.3 W over stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The screw compressor is baselined with a D = 1 inch diameter rotor and an L/D (stroke/bore) ratio of L/D = 2 per stage. The compression ratio corresponds to a volume ratio of 6.5. The swept volume for a 4+6 rotor configuration is estimated to be 1.13 CFM at 2000 RPM with an asymmetric profile and no leakage. The volumetric efficiency of the compressor is estimated to be on the order of 80% due to the higher molecular weight of the FAME/MLL working fluid. The SCORG turbomachinery software is used to verify the thermodynamics analysis and affords a volumetric displacement of 0.025 L/rev at 2000 RPM and 80% adiabatic efficiency.

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Tsuji, Tadashi. "Advanced Gas Turbine and High Performance Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Plant With Blade Cooling Air Controlling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90657.

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Air cooling blades are usually applied to gas turbines as a basic specification. This blade cooling air is almost 20% of compressor suction air and it means that a great deal of compression load is not converted effectively to turbine power generation. This paper proposes the CCM (Cascade Cooling Module) system of turbine blade air line and the consequent improvement of power generation, which is achieved by the reduction of cooling air consumption with effective use of recovered heat. With this technology, current gas turbines (TIT: turbine inlet temperature: 1350°C) can be up-rated to have a relative high efficiency increase. The increase ratio has a potential to be equivalent to that of 1500°C Class GT/CC against 1350°C Class. The CCM system is designed to enable the reduction of blade cooling air consumption by the low air temperature of 15°C instead of the usual 200–400°C. It causes the turbine operating air to increase at the constant suction air condition, which results in the enhancement of power and thermal efficiency. The CCM is installed in the cooling air line and is composed of three stage coolers: steam generator/fuel preheater stage, heat exchanger stage for hot water supplying and cooler stage with chilled water. The coolant (chilled water) for downstream cooler is produced by an absorption refrigerator operated by the hot water of the upstream heat exchanger. The proposed CCM system requires the modification of cooling air flow network in the gas turbine but produces the direct effect on performance enhancement. When the CCM system is applied to a 700MW Class CC (Combined Cycle) plant (GT TIT: 135°C Class), it is expected that there will be a 40–80MW increase in power and +2–5% relative increase in thermal efficiency.

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Abdel-Rahim, Yousef M. "Monte Carlo Optimization of Two-Stage Cascade R134A Refrigeration System With Flash Chamber." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49063.

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Present paper studies the optimal characteristics of the two-stage cascade R134A refrigeration system with flash and mixing chambers over its operating ranges of all cycle controlling parameters. The COP, total heat rate in Qin, total work rate in Win and second law efficiency ηII are used as cycle performance parameters. Compared to the practically-limited other rate-based optimization methods and to other experimentally-optimized specific cases of cycle parameters, the application of Monte Carlo method has proved to be very effective for optimizing the cycle performance in its global sense over all cycle controlling parameters. Correlations relating performance and cycle controlling parameters are presented and discussed. Study shows that COP of the cycle can reach a value of 8 at intermediate pressure P2 of about 200 kPa, and a maximum value of 9.92 at about 370 kPa and 720 kPa, beyond which COP goes as low as 4.2. P2 alone has no significant effect on Qin, Win and ηII unless values of other controlling parameters are specified. Values of Qin, Win and ηII can reach as high as 94 kW, 23 kW and 0.85 and as low as 6.8 kW, 1.1 kW and 0.57 respectively depending on other cycle parameters. Neither pressure ratio nor volume ratio of the HP compressor has any effect on Qin, Win or ηII. However, the ratio of inlet to exit temperatures of the condenser has the greatest effect on both ηII and the volumetric specific work of the HP compressor, which is about double the value of the volumetric specific work of the LP compressor. Study shows an almost linear relationship between the two mass flow rates in the upper and lower loops of the cycle, where its value in the lower LP loop is about 75% that in the upper HP loop. Findings of the present work as well as the elaborate application of Monte Carlo method to real cycles can greatly open the way for reducing the trade-off design methods currently used in developing such systems as well as direct the useful experimentations and assessment of such designed systems.

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Anderson, Kevin R., Christopher McNamara, Thomas J. Gross, and Ariel Gatti. "Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm Optimization of a Four-Stage Cascade Vapor Compression Refrigeration System." In 2018 Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3909.

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Huang, Xiaoling, Huanping Chen, Yawei Wang, and Huishu Piao. "Research on Port Efficiency Measurement Based on Three-stage Cascade Data Envelopment Analysis Control Strategy." In ICISS '18: 2018 International Conference on Information Science and System. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3209914.3209915.

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Dalkilic¸, Ahmet Selim, and Somchai Wongwises. "Comparison of Various Alternative Refrigerants for Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44267.

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Анотація:

Single-stage vapour compression refrigeration system was compared with an actual vapour compression cycle, single-stage process with internal heat exchanger, and a two-stage process with economiser using the refrigerants of HCFC-22, CFC-502 and their alternatives such as HFC-134a, HFC-32, HFC-152a, HFC-404A, HFC-407C, HFC-507, HFC-410A. A theoretical performance study on a cascade refrigeration system was performed using two refrigeration cycles connected through the heat exchanger in the middle working as the evaporator for the high pressurized cycle and condenser for the low pressurized cycle. Other performance study was performed using a two-stage cascade refrigeration system having low and high pressure compressors connected through the mixing chamber in the middle. The condensation temperatures were between 30 and 50 °C, evaporation temperatures were between −50 °C and 5 °C and heat exchanger and economiser temperatures were kept as constant for the comparisons. Some of the alternative refrigerants’ coefficients of performance values are found to be higher than their base traditional pure refrigerants. The effects of the main parameters of performance analysis such as refrigerant type, degree of subcooling, and superheating on the performance coefficient, refrigerant charge rate and volumetric refrigeration capacity are investigated for various operating conditions as case studies.

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Saha, B. B., S. Koyama, A. Akisawa, T. Kashiwagi, K. C. Ng, H. T. Chua, and J. L. Yoon. "Development of Solar/Waste Heat Driven Dual-Mode, Multi-Stage, Multi-Bed Regenerative Adsorption System." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/aes-23618.

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Abstract Over the past three decades there have been considerable efforts to use adsorption (solid/vapor) for cooling and heat pump applications, but intensified efforts were initiated only since the imposition of international restrictions on the production and use of CFCs (chloroflurocarbons) and HCFCs (hydrochloroflurocarbons). Closed-type, conventional adsorption refrigeration and heat pump systems have an increasing market share in Japan. In this paper, a dual-mode, three-stage non-regenerative, 6-bed regenerative silica gel-water adsorption chiller design is outlined along with the performance evaluation of the innovative chiller. This adsorption chiller utilizes effectively solar or waste heat sources. Two operation modes are possible for the advanced chiller. The first operation mode will be to work as a highly efficient conventional chiller where the driving source temperature is between 60 and 95°C. The second operation mode will be to work as an advanced three-stage adsorption chiller where the available driving source temperature is very low (between 40 and 60°C). With this very low driving source temperature, no other cycle except an advanced adsorption cycle with staged regeneration will be operational. The drawbacks of this operational mode are its poor efficiency in terms of cooling capacity and COP.

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Alelyani, Sami M., Nicholas W. Fette, Ellen B. Stechel, Pinchas Doron, and Patrick E. Phelan. "Analysis of Heat-Driven Combined Cooling and Desalination." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65390.

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This paper investigates the opportunities for integrating thermally driven cooling systems with thermally driven desalination systems via cascade of reject heat. Single- and double-stage ammonia-water (NH3–H2O) absorption refrigeration systems with multi-effect distillation (MED) are selected for this study based on technical limitations and practical considerations. Cooling capacity and hourly water production are calculated from thermodynamic properties of the working fluids at different operating conditions using simple models for each of the constituent systems. Additionally, the second law of thermodynamics is applied with the aim of examining the entropy generation of each component as well as the total exergy destruction of the entire system. The results indicate that the total exergy destruction of the combined systems, which consist of an MED unit driven by either a single- or double-stage NH3–H2O refrigeration system, decreases by an average of 55% compared to stand-alone NH3–H2O and MED systems. Relative to stand-alone systems, although water production decreases by 30% and 9% when an MED unit is integrated with single- and double-stage NH3–H2O absorption systems, respectively, cooling capacity remains unchanged for the double-stage NH3-H2O–MED system, and only decreases by 16% for the single-stage NH3-H2O–MED system.

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Звіти організацій з теми "OF THREE STAGE CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM"

Asari, Vijayan, Paheding Sidike, Binu Nair, Saibabu Arigela, Varun Santhaseelan, and Chen Cui. PR-433-133700-R01 Pipeline Right-of-Way Automated Threat Detection by Advanced Image Analysis. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010891.

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A novel algorithmic framework for the robust detection and classification of machinery threats and other potentially harmful objects intruding onto a pipeline right-of-way (ROW) is designed from three perspectives: visibility improvement, context-based segmentation, and object recognition/classification. In the first part of the framework, an adaptive image enhancement algorithm is utilized to improve the visibility of aerial imagery to aid in threat detection. In this technique, a nonlinear transfer function is developed to enhance the processing of aerial imagery with extremely non-uniform lighting conditions. In the second part of the framework, the context-based segmentation is developed to eliminate regions from imagery that are not considered to be a threat to the pipeline. Context based segmentation makes use of a cascade of pre-trained classifiers to search for regions that are not threats. The context based segmentation algorithm accelerates threat identification and improves object detection rates. The last phase of the framework is an efficient object detection model. Efficient object detection �follows a three-stage approach which includes extraction of the local phase in the image and the use of local phase characteristics to locate machinery threats. The local phase is an image feature extraction technique which partially removes the lighting variance and preserves the edge information of the object. Multiple orientations of the same object are matched and the correct orientation is selected using feature matching by histogram of local phase in a multi-scale framework. The classifier outputs locations of threats to pipeline.�The advanced automatic image analysis system is intended to be capable of detecting construction equipment along the ROW of pipelines with a very high degree of accuracy in comparison with manual threat identification by a human analyst. �

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