Книги з теми "Odd arm identification"

This book is the first comprehensive study of postwar antisemitism in the Netherlands. It focuses on the way stereotypes are passed on from one decade to the next, as reflected in public debates, the mass media, protests and commemorations, and everyday interactions. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew' explores the ways in which old stories and phrases relating to 'the stereotypical Jew' are recycled and modified for new uses, linking the antisemitism of the early postwar years to its enduring manifestations in today's world. The Dutch case is interesting because of the apparent contrast between the Netherlands' famous tradition of tolerance and the large numbers of Jews who were deported and murdered in the Second World War. The book sheds light on the dark side of this so-called 'Dutch paradox,' in manifestations of aversion and guilt after 1945. In this context, the abusive taunt 'They forgot to gas you' can be seen as the first radical expression of postwar antisemitism as well as an indication of how the Holocaust came to be turned against the Jews. The identification of 'the Jew' with the gas chamber spread from the streets to football stadiums, and from verbal abuse to pamphlet and protest. The slogan 'Hamas, Hamas all the Jews to the gas' indicates that Israel became a second marker of postwar antisemitism. The chapters cover themes including soccer-related antisemitism, Jewish responses, philosemitism, antisemitism in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch- Turkish communities, contentious acts of remembrance, the neo-Nazi tradition, and the legacy of Theo van Gogh. The book concludes with a lengthy epilogue on 'the Jew' in the politics of the radical right, the attacks in Paris in 2015, and the refugee crisis. The stereotype of 'the Jew' appears to be transferable to other minorities. Now also available as paperback!

This book is the first comprehensive study of postwar antisemitism in the Netherlands. It focuses on the way stereotypes are passed on from one decade to the next, as reflected in public debates, the mass media, protests and commemorations, and everyday interactions. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew' explores the ways in which old stories and phrases relating to 'the stereotypical Jew' are recycled and modified for new uses, linking the antisemitism of the early postwar years to its enduring manifestations in today's world. The Dutch case is interesting because of the apparent contrast between the Netherlands' famous tradition of tolerance and the large numbers of Jews who were deported and murdered in the Second World War. The book sheds light on the dark side of this so-called 'Dutch paradox,' in manifestations of aversion and guilt after 1945. In this context, the abusive taunt 'They forgot to gas you' can be seen as the first radical expression of postwar antisemitism as well as an indication of how the Holocaust came to be turned against the Jews. The identification of 'the Jew' with the gas chamber spread from the streets to football stadiums, and from verbal abuse to pamphlet and protest. The slogan 'Hamas, Hamas all the Jews to the gas' indicates that Israel became a second marker of postwar antisemitism. The chapters cover themes including soccer-related antisemitism, Jewish responses, philosemitism, antisemitism in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch- Turkish communities, contentious acts of remembrance, the neo-Nazi tradition, and the legacy of Theo van Gogh. The book concludes with a lengthy epilogue on 'the Jew' in the politics of the radical right, the attacks in Paris in 2015, and the refugee crisis. The stereotype of 'the Jew' appears to be transferable to other minorities.

The aims of this chapter are twofold. First, it outlines methods by which high-risk offenders with personality disorder can be identified in large samples of offenders. It presents a summary of the available evidence that relates to this task, while also drawing on the authors’ experience of implementing systems of case identification while working in the probation service in the UK. It is argued that adopting proactive systems of case identification not only is achievable but also holds a number of potential benefits. Second, the chapter considers approaches to formulation in the Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) community pathways services. Following a review of the literature and available models, the authors discuss how the London Pathways Partnership selected its current approach and provide a description of its practical application and the lessons learned from our experiences. The chapter ends with a discussion of future directions for both case identification and formulation.

This chapter looks at how OCD is typically manifested in the school environment. Various symptom presentations are reviewed, each with multiple illustrations of how they might be manifested in students with OCD. Examination of how treatment protocols can be developed to reverse and minimize the effects of the disorder on school-related functioning is followed by an exploration of how school personnel, together with mental health professionals and parents, can become active participants in OCD therapy. A strong emphasis throughout is placed on educating the educators, and virtually all school personnel, on what OCD is, how it might appear in the academic setting, and how to respond to it. The goal is to promote early identification of the disorder and appropriate referral for treatment, as well as an understanding of how school personnel can be a part of the treatment process.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. Only half of patients respond to first-line pharmacological treatments, and symptom relief is typically partial, even in responders. Gaining a better understanding of OCD etiology could lead to better treatments, and potentially to prevention. Animal models are a useful tool for studying neurobiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric phenotypes. Effective use of animal models requires identification of reliable, quantifiable features of the disorder of interest that can be measured across species. The modeled phenotypes then require assessment for predictive validity: the accuracy with which a model makes accurate predictions about the human condition. Once a model has been shown to make accurate predictions, using it to study neurobiological mechanisms is justified. The validity of spontaneous and induced rodent models of OCD is reviewed in this chapter.

Regular physical activity in old age is widely recommended as an effective way to prevent chronic diseases and maintain well-being. Nevertheless, sports participation carries the risk of injury. In elderly people, the risk of injury is greater due to age-related pathophysiological changes and concomitant chronic conditions. Available data indicate an increasing number of injuries among older people, which is associated with there being more older people and an increasing number of these people are participating in sports and physical exercise. An appropriate identification of risk factors for injury and education of older people can reduce the incidence of injuries. Methods of preventing injuries include protective equipment such as helmets, warming up, and properly designed training programmes. Health benefits of participation in regular physical activity adjusted to health status and physical functioning outweigh hazards of sport-related injuries, even in advanced age.

Many psychiatric disorders of childhood have a chronic course. As such, they impact multiple developmental epochs and negatively influence developmental trajectories. While early identification and intervention may minimize, or even prevent, symptoms being carried into adulthood, the availability of evidence-based treatments is sparse in children and adolescents compared to adult populations. Establishing effective interventions for psychiatric symptoms presenting in childhood is critical given the chronic course of most psychiatric disorders. This chapter describes psychopharmacological and psychosocial interventions used for the treatment of childhood psychiatric conditions, with an emphasis on empirically supported treatments. Both symptom- and diagnosis-specific approaches are described as well as the use of combined interventions for the following childhood psychiatric conditions: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), chronic tic disorders, eating disorders, and conduct problems.

Although customary international law (CIL) has been central to international law from its inception, it is often misunderstood. This edited volume remedies that problem by tracing the history of CIL and provides an in-depth study of its theory, practice, and interpretation. Its chapters tackle the big questions which surround this source of international law such as: what are the rules that regulate the functioning of CIL as a source of international law? Can CIL be interpreted? Where do lines between identification, interpretation, application, and modification of a rule of CIL lie? Using recent developments, this volume revisits old debates and resolves them by proffering new and innovative solutions. With detailed examples from international and national courts, it places CIL in a range of settings to explain, explore and reflect upon this developing and highly significant field. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

This book considers the null-subject phenomenon, whereby some languages lack an overtly realized referential subject in specific contexts. In generative syntax—the approach adopted in this volume—the phenomenon has traditionally been explained in terms of a ‘pro-drop’ parameter with associated cluster properties; more recently, however, it has become clear that pro-drop phenomena do not always correlate with all the initially predicted cluster properties. This volume returns to the centre of the debate surrounding the empirical phenomena associated with null subjects. Experts in the field explore the cluster properties associated with pro-drop; the types of null category involved in null-subject phenomena and their identification; and the typology of null-subject languages, with a special focus on partial null-subject languages. Chapters include both novel empirical data and new theoretical analyses covering the major approaches to null subjects in generative grammar. A wide range of languages are examined, ranging from the most commonly studied in research into null subjects, such as Finnish and Italian, to lesser-studied languages such as Vietnamese and Polish, minority languages such as Cimbrian and Kashubian, and historical varieties such as Old French and Old High German. The research presented also contributes to the understanding of other key syntactic phenomena, such as the nature of control, the role of information structure and semantics in syntax, the mechanisms of language change, and the formalization of language variation.

In Leonardo’s Salvator Mundi and the Collecting of Leonardo in the Stuart Courts the ‘Three Salvateers’—Robert Simon, Martin Kemp and Margaret Dalivalle—give a first-hand account of the discovery of the lost Renaissance masterpiece; from its purchase for $1,175 in a New Orleans auction house in 2005, to the worldwide media spectacle of its sale to a Saudi prince for $450 million in 2017. A behind-the-scenes view of the painstaking processes of identification, consultation, scientific analysis, conservation, and archival research that underpinned the attribution of the painting to Leonardo, the book presents a consideration of the place of the painting in Leonardo’s body of work. Exploring the meaning of the painting in terms of Renaissance theology, it considers the identity of its original patron or intended recipient. Unravelling networks of early modern art dealers and collectors in Europe, it traces the emerging reception of Leonardo during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It was in Enlightenment Britain that the idea of Leonardo as artist–scientist took hold of the public imagination. This book examines the ‘invention’ of Leonardo through the unique prism of the Stuart courts. The documented presence of three paintings of Christ attributed to Leonardo in the vicinity of the seventeenth-century British Royal Collection is both extraordinary and perplexing. Today, Leonardo’s five-hundred-year-old Salvator has not yet disclosed its secret history.

This interrogation of Origen’s legacy for the twenty-first century returns to old questions built upon each other over eighteen centuries of Origen scholarship—problems of translation and transmission, positioning Origen in the histories of philosophy, theology, and orthodoxy, and defining his philological and exegetical programmes. The essays probe the more reliable sources for Origen’s thought by those who received his legacy and built on it. They focus on understanding how Origen’s legacy was adopted, transformed, and transmitted, looking at key figures from the fourth century to the Reformation. A section on modern contributions to the understanding of Origen embraces the foundational contributions of Huet, the twentieth-century movement to rehabilitate Origen from his status as a heterodox teacher, and finally, the identification in 2012 of twenty-nine anonymous homilies on the Psalms in a codex in Munich as homilies of Origen. Equally important has been the investigation of Origen’s historical, cultural, and intellectual context. These studies track the processes of appropriation, assimilation, and transformation in the formation and transmission of Origen’s legacy. Origen worked at interpreting Scripture throughout his life. There are essays addressing general issues of hermeneutics and his treatment of groups of books from the biblical canon in commentaries and homilies. Key points of his theology are also addressed in essays that give attention to the fluid environment in which Origen developed his theology. These essays open important paths for students of Origen in the twenty-first century.

This interrogation of Origen’s legacy for the twenty-first century returns to old questions built upon each other over eighteen centuries of Origen scholarship—problems of translation and transmission, positioning Origen in the histories of philosophy, theology, and orthodoxy, and defining his philological and exegetical programmes. The essays probe the more reliable sources for Origen’s thought by those who received his legacy and built on it. They focus on understanding how Origen’s legacy was adopted, transformed, and transmitted, looking at key figures from the fourth century to the Reformation. A section on modern contributions to the understanding of Origen embraces the foundational contributions of Huet, the twentieth-century movement to rehabilitate Origen from his status as a heterodox teacher, and finally, the identification in 2012 of twenty-nine anonymous homilies on the Psalms in a codex in Munich as homilies of Origen. Equally important has been the investigation of Origen’s historical, cultural, and intellectual context. These studies track the processes of appropriation, assimilation, and transformation in the formation and transmission of Origen’s legacy. Origen worked at interpreting Scripture throughout his life. There are essays addressing general issues of hermeneutics and his treatment of groups of books from the biblical canon in commentaries and homilies. Key points of his theology are also addressed in essays that give attention to the fluid environment in which Origen developed his theology. These essays open important paths for students of Origen in the twenty-first century.

Gout is a common and treatable disorder of purine metabolism. Gout typically presents as recurrent self-limiting episodes of severe inflammatory arthritis affecting the foot. In the presence of persistent hyperuricaemia, tophi, chronic synovitis, and joint damage may develop. Diagnosis of gout is confirmed by identification of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals using polarizing light microscopy. Hyperuricaemia is the central biochemical cause of gout. Genetic variants in certain renal tubular urate transporters including SLC2A9 and ABCG2, and dietary factors including intake of high-purine meats and seafood, beer, and fructose, contribute to development of hyperuricaemia and gout. Gout treatment includes: (1) management of the acute attack using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or low-dose colchicine; (2) prophylaxis against gout attacks when commencing urate-lowering therapy (ULT), with NSAIDs or colchicine; and (3) long-term ULT to achieve a target serum urate of less than 0.36 mmol/litre. Interleukin (IL)-1β‎ is a central mediator of acute gouty inflammation and anti-IL-1β‎ therapies show promise for treatment of acute attacks and prophylaxis. The mainstay of ULT remains allopurinol. However, old ULT agents such as probenecid and benzbromarone and newer agents such as febuxostat and pegloticase are also effective, and should be considered in patients in whom allopurinol is ineffective or poorly tolerated. Management of gout should be considered in the context of medical conditions that frequently coexist with gout, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and chronic kidney disease. Patient education is essential to ensure that acute gout attacks are promptly and safely managed, and long-term ULT is maintained.

Gout is a common and treatable disorder of purine metabolism. Gout typically presents as recurrent self-limiting episodes of severe inflammatory arthritis affecting the foot. In the presence of persistent hyperuricaemia, tophi, chronic synovitis, and joint damage may develop. Diagnosis of gout is confirmed by identification of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals using polarizing light microscopy. Hyperuricaemia is the central biochemical cause of gout. Genetic variants in certain renal tubular urate transporters including SLC2A9 and ABCG2, and dietary factors including intake of high-purine meats and seafood, beer, and fructose, contribute to development of hyperuricaemia and gout. Gout treatment includes: (1) management of the acute attack using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or low-dose colchicine; (2) prophylaxis against gout attacks when commencing urate-lowering therapy (ULT), with NSAIDs or colchicine; and (3) long-term ULT to achieve a target serum urate of less than 0.36 mmol/litre. Interleukin (IL)-1β‎ is a central mediator of acute gouty inflammation and anti-IL-1β‎ therapies show promise for treatment of acute attacks and prophylaxis. The mainstay of ULT remains allopurinol. However, old ULT agents such as probenecid and benzbromarone and newer agents such as febuxostat and pegloticase are also effective, and should be considered in patients in whom allopurinol is ineffective or poorly tolerated. Management of gout should be considered in the context of medical conditions that frequently coexist with gout, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and chronic kidney disease. Patient education is essential to ensure that acute gout attacks are promptly and safely managed, and long-term ULT is maintained.

In Pécs due to the continuous development of the town throughout many centuries, there are only few sites where the remains of the Roman town can be excavated and even fewer remains come to light undisturbed. Some archaeological monuments have already been disappeared for good, others are situated under streets and houses unavailable for any archaeological research. In many cases it is not easy to follow what happened to the finds and remains. The mosaic floor that was found in 1841 during the building of a house at 6 Káptalan Street and a Roman burial chamber, observed during canalization in 1927 belong to this category. Some researchers still consider these as they were parts of the same early Christian building. Some authors made mistakes or misinterpreted the sources, because they relied on old, short and inaccurate descriptions of the finds. Either they were not aware of the sources or did not read them carefully. Therefore there are many different opinions in the publications often contradicting each other. Also, the lack of drawings and documentation added to the difficulties of later research, just like the inaccurate observations in some previous publications. In 2011 when we made the illustrations to Pécs Története (History of Pécs town), Volume I, it became evident, that the reconstruction of the mosaics, published in 1984, and the interpretation of the archaeological remains found in 1927 were inaccurate. These Roman remains did not come to light in the same time yet they are connected to each other in so many ways. We have started our research with the examination of both the written sources and the actual archaeological material. Later we have researched the different opinions of earlier publications and only after that were we in the position - with the help of few survived drawings and photos - to re-evaluate the remains and to make an attemp to reconstruct what they might have looked like in Roman times. Our recent research on the finds from 1841 and 1927 started in 2011, when we made a presentation about them for the archaeology PhD students of the University of Pécs for the first time. In accordance with the topic of the semester first we gave an account of our ongoing research regarding the actual size of the mosaics and the location and identification of Burial Chamber X that came to light in 1927. We have also presented the new, amended reconstruction of the mosaics and some of the corrections we have made. We have published our finished research about the building and the mosaics on the 10th of December 2013 at the Morsa Archaelogica Conference in Pécs. We hope that this article helps to answer the questions that emerged or were left unanswered so far about the mosaics and the archaeological remains found in 1927.