Статті в журналах: "Occupant posture"

1

Boyle, Kyle, Abeselom Fanta, Matthew P. Reed, Kurt Fischer, Alex Smith, Angelo Adler, and Jingwen Hu. "Restraint systems considering occupant diversity and pre-crash posture." Traffic Injury Prevention 21, sup1 (October 12, 2020): S31—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2021.1895989.

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Jones, Monica L. H., Sheila Ebert, Miriam A. Manary, Matthew P. Reed, and Kathleen D. Klinich. "Child Posture and Belt Fit in a Range of Booster Configurations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030810.

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Belt positioning boosters reduce injury risk for child occupants compared with seat belts alone. While boosters shorten the effective seat length (and thus reduce slouching), “boosting” the child relative to the vehicle interior components also achieves additional safety benefits. First, the increase of the lap belt angle usually improves belt fit across the pelvis and reduces the risk of the occupant slipping (“submarining”) under the belt. Second, the torso belt is re-centered over the bony landmarks of the shoulder for more effective/secure restraint. Third, the child’s head is relocated in a range better protected by side airbags. The objective of this research was to quantify differences in posture and belt fit across a range of booster designs that provide different levels of boosting. Posture and belt fit were measured in 25 child volunteers aged four to 12. Children were measured in three laboratory seating conditions selected to provide a range of cushion lengths and belt geometries. Six different boosters, as well as a no-booster condition, were evaluated. The low height boosters produced postures that were more slouched, with the hips further forward than in other more typical boosters. Lap belt fit in the low height boosters was not meaningfully different from the other boosters. Shoulder belt fit produced by the lowest height booster was similar to the no-booster condition. Belt positioning boosters that boost the child less than 70 mm produced postures similar to the no-booster condition. While lap belt guides on these products can produce a similar static lap belt fit, they may not provide adequate dynamic performance and do not achieve the other benefits that come with raising the child to a more advantageous location relative to interior components and belts.

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3

Diederich, Alexander, Christophe Bastien, Karthikeyan Ekambaram, and Alexis Wilson. "Occupant pre-crash kinematics in rotated seat arrangements." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 10-11 (March 25, 2021): 2818–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544070211004504.

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The introduction of automated L5 driving technologies will revolutionise the design of vehicle interiors and seating configurations, improving occupant comfort and experience. It is foreseen that pre-crash emergency braking and swerving manoeuvres will affect occupant posture, which could lead to an interaction with a deploying airbag. This research addresses the urgent safety need of defining the occupant’s kinematics envelope during that pre-crash phase, considering rotated seat arrangements and different seatbelt configurations. The research used two different sets of volunteer tests experiencing L5 vehicle manoeuvres, based in the first instance on 22 50th percentile fit males wearing a lap-belt (OM4IS), while the other dataset is based on 87 volunteers with a BMI range of 19 to 67 kg/m2 wearing a 3-point belt (UMTRI). Unique biomechanics kinematics corridors were then defined, as a function of belt configuration and vehicle manoeuvre, to calibrate an Active Human Model (AHM) using a multi-objective optimisation coupled with a Correlation and Analysis (CORA) rating. The research improved the AHM omnidirectional kinematics response over current state of the art in a generic lap-belted environment. The AHM was then tested in a rotated seating arrangement under extreme braking, highlighting that maximum lateral and frontal motions are comparable, independent of the belt system, while the asymmetry of the 3-point belt increased the occupant’s motion towards the seatbelt buckle. It was observed that the frontal occupant kinematics decrease by 200 mm compared to a lap-belted configuration. This improved omnidirectional AHM is the first step towards designing safer future L5 vehicle interiors.

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4

Lee, Seunghoon, Jangwoon Park, Kihyo Jung, Xiaopeng Yang, and Heecheon You. "Development of Statistical Models for Predicting a Driver’s Hip and Eye Locations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601610.

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Regression equations for estimation of a driver’s hip location (HL) and eye location (EL) using the driver’s anthropometric and posture variables have been developed for US drivers. However, those equations are limited to US drivers and do not include seat adjustment variables (e.g., cushion angle) that may affect a driver’s HL and EL. The present study developed statistical models for prediction of a driver’s HL and EL using seat configurations including (1) fore-aft seat position, (2) seat height, (3) seat back recline angle, and (4) seat cushion angle. Driving postures of 23 Korean drivers (10 females and 13 males) were measured in a seating buck after adjusting seat configurations according to their preferences. The seat configurations, HLs, ELs, and joint angles of the participants were collected by a motion capture system. HL and EL prediction models based on the seat configurations and driving postures were developed by stepwise regression. The proposed models showed high accuracy (adj. R2 = .83 ± .13, RMSE = 19.1 ± 4.2 mm) in prediction of HL and EL. The performance difference between the seat configuration- and posture-based models was not statistically significant. The proposed seat configuration-based models can be used for accurate estimation of a driver’s HL and EL for occupant packaging layout design.

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5

Brownjohn, James M. W. "Energy Dissipation from Vibrating Floor Slabs due to Human-Structure Interaction." Shock and Vibration 8, no. 6 (2001): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/454139.

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Lightweight pre-cast flooring systems using post-tensioning to increase strength but not stiffness are increasingly popular, and vibration serviceability problems tend to govern design of such floors where human occupants are increasingly concerned with vibrations. At the same time as inducing response, stationary human observers can also participate in the response as mitigating influence and it is clear that a human behaves as a highly effective damper, even when seated.Experiments were done to study energy flow and storage in a 1.2 tonne vibrating concrete plank with a human occupant. Results showed that damping could increase to as much as 10% frequency shifts (usually decreases) in the slab apparent resonant frequency, depending on occupant posture. Simple lumped mass mathematical models were also used to study the vibrating human-structure system through dynamic simulations, corroborating the findings.Further corroboration was provided from measurements on a prototype full-scale floor slab occupied by several hundred people who were either jumping or sitting. Modal analysis of vibration response signals showed that normal floor resonance associated with jumping at a sub-harmonic of the floor natural frequency was almost completely damped out by the passive (seated) people.

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6

Ittianuwat, Ratchaphon, Mohammad Fard, Mohd Amzar Azizan, and Leon Lo. "Effects of occupant weight and sitting posture on vehicle seat structural dynamics." International Journal of Vehicle Design 70, no. 3 (2016): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2016.075777.

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7

Choi, Eun Ji, Yongseok Yoo, Bo Rang Park, Young Jae Choi, and Jin Woo Moon. "Development of Occupant Pose Classification Model Using Deep Neural Network for Personalized Thermal Conditioning." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010045.

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This study aims to propose a pose classification model using indoor occupant images. For developing the intelligent and automated model, a deep learning neural network was employed. Indoor posture images and joint coordinate data were collected and used to conduct the training and optimization of the model. The output of the trained model is the occupant pose of the sedentary activities in the indoor space. The performance of the developed model was evaluated for two different indoor environments: home and office. Using the metabolic rates corresponding to the classified poses, the model accuracy was compared with that of the conventional method, which considered the fixed activity. The result showed that the accuracy was improved by as much as 73.96% and 55.26% in home and office, respectively. Thus, the potential of the pose classification model was verified for providing a more comfortable and personalized thermal environment to the occupant.

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8

Mansfield, Neil J., Kartikeya Walia, and Aditya Singh. "Driver seat comfort for level 3-4 autonomous vehicles." Work 68, s1 (January 8, 2021): S111—S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-208010.

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BACKGROUND: Autonomous vehicles can be classified on a scale of automation from 0 to 5, where level 0 corresponds to vehicles that have no automation to level 5 where the vehicle is fully autonomous and it is not possible for the human occupant to take control. At level 2, the driver needs to retain attention as they are in control of at least some systems. Level 3-4 vehicles are capable of full control but the human occupant might be required to, or desire to, intervene in some circumstances. This means that there could be extended periods of time where the driver is relaxed, but other periods of time when they need to drive. OBJECTIVE: The seat must therefore be designed to be comfortable in at least two different types of use case. METHODS: This driving simulator study compares the comfort experienced in a seat from a production hybrid vehicle whilst being used in a manual driving mode and in autonomous mode for a range of postures. RESULTS: It highlights how discomfort is worse for cases where the posture is non-optimal for the task. It also investigates the design of head and neckrests to mitigate neck discomfort, and shows that a well-designed neckrest is beneficial for drivers in autonomous mode.

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9

Trivedi, M. M., S. Y. Cheng, E. M. C. Childers, and S. J. Krotosky. "Occupant Posture Analysis With Stereo and Thermal Infrared Video: Algorithms and Experimental Evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 53, no. 6 (November 2004): 1698–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2004.835526.

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10

Yang, Weilin, Suchao Xie, Haihong Li, and Zengtao Chen. "Design and injury analysis of the seated occupant protection posture in train collision." Safety Science 117 (August 2019): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.04.028.

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11

TAKAHASHI, Fumiya, Shoichiro TAKEHARA, Yoshiaki TERUMICHI, Kazunori HASE, and Toshikazu TORIGAKI. "1212 Study on posture control of occupant in a vehicle using simplified human model." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2014.23 (2014): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2014.23.63.

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12

Hartleitner, Franz, A. Koppisetty, and K. Bohman. "Automated Quantification of Occupant Posture and Shoulder Belt Fit Using Safety Specific Key Points." IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 3 (2022): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojits.2022.3140612.

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13

Untaroiu, Costin D., and Thomas J. Adam. "Performance-Based Classification of Occupant Posture to Reduce the Risk of Injury in a Collision." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 14, no. 2 (June 2013): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2012.2223687.

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14

Yan, Yu, Jing Huang, Fan Li, and Lin Hu. "Investigation of the Effect of Neck Muscle Active Force on Whiplash Injury of the Cervical Spine." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4542750.

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The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of neck muscle activation on whiplash neck injury of the occupants of a passenger vehicle under different severities of frontal and rear-end impact collisions. The finite element (FE) model has been used as a versatile tool to simulate and understand the whiplash injury mechanism for occupant injury prevention. However, whiplash injuries and injury mechanisms have rarely been investigated in connection with neck active muscle forces, which restricts the complete reappearance and understanding of the injury mechanism. In this manuscript, a mixed FE human model in a sitting posture with an active head-neck was developed. The response of the cervical spine under frontal and rear-end collision conditions was then studied using the FE model with and without neck muscle activation. The effect of the neck muscle activation on the whiplash injury was studied based on the results of the FE simulations. The results indicated that the neck active force influenced the head-neck dynamic response and whiplash injury during a collision, especially in a low-speed collision.

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15

Huang, Yue, Albert I. King, and John M. Cavanaugh. "A MADYMO Model of Near-Side Human Occupants in Side Impacts." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 116, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895724.

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The protection of automotive occupants against broadside collisions is of current interest due to the implementation of a new Federal standard on side impact. There is controversy as to the validity of the standard, the best criterion to assess injury to the thorax and the type and manner in which padding should be used. Although it has been shown in a series of 17 cadaveric tests that paper honeycomb can reduce thoracic injuries dramatically, there are still concerns regarding the loss of air space between the door and the occupant due to the presence of the padding and regarding the loss of protection for the thorax when there is no engagement of the shoulder with the intruding side structure of the car. This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional rigid body model to simulate cadaveric experiments carried out at Wayne State University. Model parameters were chosen to yield human-like responses at the level of the shoulder, thorax, abdomen and pelvis. The model was then used to study the effect of padding on injury parameters related to the nearside occupant when a relatively thick padding is used (up to 100 mm). It was also used to study the increase in force on the thorax when shoulder engagement is lost. Laboratory tests were conducted with full shoulder engagement but in the field most cars have a low beltline (window sill) which effectively eliminates shoulder contact if the arms are outstretched in a normal driving posture. If a sufficiently soft padding was used, the model did not predict an increase in thoracic force level or any of the injury parameters. This result contradicted those from previous models which either used a dummy as the near-side occupant or did not take into account the acceleration of the target vehicle. The model also predicted that the shoulder can provide substantial protection to the thorax and that without shoulder engagement, the force on the thorax can be approximately 45 percent higher. A door design which can lower its first velocity peak to match the second peak and which has 75 mm of soft padding is predicted by this model as being able to provide protection to the nearside occupant for moderate impacts. Additional cadaveric testing is needed to confirm these results.

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16

Yue, Neng, and Costin D. Untaroiu. "A Numerical Investigation on the Variation in Hip Injury Tolerance With Occupant Posture During Frontal Collisions." Traffic Injury Prevention 15, no. 5 (March 28, 2014): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2013.840884.

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17

Poulard, David, Damien Subit, Bingbing Nie, John-Paul Donlon, and Richard W. Kent. "The Contribution of Pre-impact Posture on Restrained Occupant Finite Element Model Response in Frontal Impact." Traffic Injury Prevention 16, sup2 (October 5, 2015): S87—S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2015.1064529.

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18

Adam, Thomas, and Costin D. Untaroiu. "Identification of occupant posture using a Bayesian classification methodology to reduce the risk of injury in a collision." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 19, no. 6 (December 2011): 1078–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2011.06.006.

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19

Ji, Peijun, Yi Huang, and Qing Zhou. "Mechanisms of using knee bolster to control kinematical motion of occupant in reclined posture for lowering injury risk." International Journal of Crashworthiness 22, no. 4 (January 6, 2017): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2016.1275430.

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20

Nishiyama, Shuji. "Development of Simulation System for Vehicle-Occupant Dynamic Interaction. 2nd Report. Influence of Sitting Posture on Human Comfort." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 59, no. 568 (1993): 3622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.59.3622.

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21

Fang, Lei, Liang Zhang, Shu Ming Yan, Ning Jia, Min Jing, and Liang Ma. "Design Optimization and Safety Evaluation of Cross-Sea Bridge Barrier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.100.

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By comprehensive analysis and design optimization of barrier structure parameters, a new type of beam-and-post steel barrier was invented according to impact test condition and acceptance criteria of cross-sea bridge barrier. Full-scale impact tests and finite elements analysis were conducted to do safty evalution of the barrier. The results show that, ASI value is 1.62 for test and that is 1.67 for FEA, THIV is 30.7km/h for test and that is 31.2km/h for FEA. Working width is 0.88m for test and that is 0.62m for FEA. Occupant risk evaluation index can meet the requirements of level B and the working width can meet the requirements of level W3. Both of tracking and posture of vehicles are well. The study results above show that safety performance of cross-sea bridge barrier can meet or exceed the acceptance criteria. FEA results are consistent with Full-scale impact test, which validate the reliability of FEA. cross-sea bridge barrier can meet the highest test level for beam-and-post steel barrier, which can defend the out-of-control vehicles effectively and help to ensure the bridge safety.

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22

Köhler, Anna-Lena, Julia Pelzer, Kristian Seidel, and Stefan Ladwig. "Sitting Postures and Activities in Autonomous Vehicles – New Requirements towards Occupant Safety." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 1874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631327.

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In the context of autonomous driving, new possibilities for passenger positions and occupation arise. Vehicle concepts provide more degrees of freedom for seating configurations and different activities as a passenger, leading to a need for advanced protection principles. The H2020-project OSCCAR analyses occupant safety requirements for highly automated vehicles (HAV) and defines technological developments necessary for novel safety principles. In order to understand the potential of novel sitting postures and activities in the context of autonomous driving, an empirical user study was conducted to examine the impact of different scenarios on preferred sitting postures in a simulated automated driving situation. Results gave insights into detailed sitting postures that are most likely to be obtained by occupants in future use cases. The results serve as input to a test case matrix in order to design future occupant restraint principles.

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23

Tominaga, Yasuhiro, Travis G. Maak, Paul C. Ivancic, Manohar M. Panjabi, and Bryan W. Cunningham. "Head-turned rear impact causing dynamic cervical intervertebral foramen narrowing: implications for ganglion and nerve root injury." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 4, no. 5 (May 2006): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2006.4.5.380.

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Object A rotated head posture at the time of vehicular rear impact has been correlated with a higher incidence and greater severity of chronic radicular symptoms than accidents occurring with the occupant facing forward. No studies have been conducted to quantify the dynamic changes in foramen dimensions during head-turned rear-impact collisions. The objectives of this study were to quantify the changes in foraminal width, height, and area during head-turned rear-impact collisions and to determine if dynamic narrowing causes potential cervical nerve root or ganglion impingement. Methods The authors subjected a whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication and a surrogate head to simulated head-turned rear impacts of 3.5, 5, 6.5, and 8 G following a noninjurious 2-G baseline acceleration. Continuous dynamic foraminal width, height, and area narrowing were recorded, and peaks were determined during each impact; these data were then statistically compared with those obtained at baseline. The authors observed significant increases (p < 0.05) in mean peak foraminal width narrowing values greater than baseline values, of up to 1.8 mm in the left C5–6 foramen at 8 G. At the right C2–3 foramen, the mean peak dynamic foraminal height was significantly narrower than baseline when subjected to rear-impacts of 5 and 6.5 G, but no significant increases in foraminal area were observed. Analysis of the results indicated that the greatest potential for cervical ganglion compression injury existed at C5–6 and C6–7. Greater potential for ganglion compression injury existed at C3–4 and C4–5 during head-turned rear impact than during head-forward rear impact. Conclusions Extrapolation of present results indicated potential ganglion compression in patients with a non-stenotic foramen at C5–6 and C6–7; in patients with a stenotic foramen the injury risk greatly increases and spreads to include the C3–4 through C6–7 as well as C4–5 through C6–7 nerve roots.

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24

Bercot, Régine. "La santé des femmes au travail en France." Revue multidisciplinaire sur l'emploi, le syndicalisme et le travail 6, no. 2 (October 13, 2011): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006120ar.

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Notre objectif est de rendre compte de la santé des femmes au travail en France. Celle-ci ne peut réellement se mesurer qu’en la mettant en perspective avec la place occupée dans l’emploi et le travail. Notre choix est également d’établir des comparaisons avec la situation des hommes et de développer ainsi une approche en termes de genre. Tout au long de notre article, nous ferons référence aux différentes enquêtes nationales et aux travaux de terrain monographiques qui permettent d’éclairer la question. Les analyses qui articulent à la fois les questions de santé au travail et le genre sont encore inégalement développées en France. Sur l’aspect qualitatif notamment, il n’est pas toujours possible de différencier le vécu des hommes et des femmes, mais il est utile à tout le moins de rendre compte des difficultés au travail même si les travaux ne spécifient pas toujours le point de vue des femmes.Pour comprendre l’exposition des femmes aux différents risques, il est nécessaire de rappeler la place qu’elles occupent dans l’emploi tant en termes de niveau, de secteur et de statut. L’importance en volume de l’emploi des femmes, leur place et leur responsabilité sociale dans l’éducation des enfants, mettent en évidence l’enjeu sociétal que représente la santé des femmes au travail et la fragilisation de leur santé liée à cette posture, à l’articulation de ces deux sphères du travail et du hors travail. C’est ce que nous traiterons dans un premier temps.Dans un deuxième point, nous rendrons compte des risques liés aux discriminations dont les femmes sont l’objet en termes d’emploi et de carrière. Le troisième point sera consacré aux disparités d’exposition au risque en lien avec les secteurs dans lesquels les femmes travaillent.Les places dans différents secteurs ou le statut dans l’emploi rejaillissent sur les rythmes de travail. La répartition des horaires, l’organisation du temps ont un impact sur le confort de vie et les rythmes de sommeil; nous étudierons dans un quatrième point comment les femmes sont concernées. Nous consacrerons ensuite une partie de notre recension aux travaux qui étudient les effets des mauvaises conditions d’activité sur les troubles musculo-squelettiques et les risques psychosociaux.L’emploi des femmes étant très marqué par laprécarité d’emploi,nous traiterons de la santé des populations occupant ce type de statut. Nous dirons en quoi elles apparaissent plus fragilisées. Nous soulignerons l’insuffisance des dispositifs et des modalités de connaissance de la santé de ces populations à statut précaire.En France, l’analyse des effets de l’organisation du travail sur la santé des salariés est très développée. Notamment, il est mis en évidence le fait que les salariés ne parviennent pas à articuler l’investissement subjectif qui leur est demandé avec une absence de sens pour eux de leur travail. Le concept deprécarité au travailpermet de désigner cet état qui conduit à la souffrance psychique.

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Engelen, Lina, and Fabian Held. "Understanding the Office: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Measure Activities, Posture, Social Interactions, Mood, and Work Performance at the Workplace." Buildings 9, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9020054.

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Studying the workplace often involves using observational, self-report recall, or focus group tools, which all have their established advantages and disadvantages. There is, however, a need for a readily available, low-invasive method that can provide longitudinal, repeated, and concurrent in-the-moment information to understand the workplace well. In this study, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to collect 508 real-time responses about activities, posture, work performance, social interactions, and mood in 64 adult office workers in three Australian workplaces. The response rate was 53%, and the time to fill out the survey was 50 seconds on average. On average, the participants were sitting, standing, and walking in 84%, 9%, and 7% of survey instances, respectively. The participants reported they were working alone at their desks in 55% of all reported instances. Reported mood varied up to nine points within one person over the course of the post-occupancy observations. EMA can be used to paint a rich picture of occupants’ experiences and perceptions and to gain invaluable understanding of temporal patterns of the workplace, how the space is used, and how aspects of the workplace interact. This information can be used to make improvements to the physical and social workspaces and enhance occupants’ work performance and mood.

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26

RAKHEJA, S., I. HARU, and P. É. BOILEAU. "SEATED OCCUPANT APPARENT MASS CHARACTERISTICS UNDER AUTOMOTIVE POSTURES AND VERTICAL VIBRATION." Journal of Sound and Vibration 253, no. 1 (May 2002): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2001.4249.

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27

Samiuddin, S., and Ismail M. Budaiwi. "Assessment of thermal comfort in high-occupancy spaces with relevance to air distribution schemes: A case study of mosques." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 5 (March 13, 2018): 572–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418764769.

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In high-occupancy intermittently operated buildings such as mosques and auditoriums, maintaining an acceptable thermal environment may present a challenging task. Variations in the operation and the thermal loads can result in variable and non-uniform thermal comfort conditions when the HVAC system is not properly designed. Non-uniformity of the thermal environment is greatly influenced by the design and scheme of the air distribution system. Mosques, with their distinctive five intermittent short occupancies and the non-fixed posture of occupants, present a unique case for investigation. In this study, the effect of air distribution of various schemes of a ceiling-based system on the thermal comfort in mosques is investigated. Air diffusion performance index and Fanger’s PMV method are used to assess thermal comfort. Three air distribution schemes at four diffuser terminal velocities were studied using the EnergyPlus and computational fluid dynamics techniques. Results indicate major variations in air diffusion performance index with each air distribution scheme type and diffuser terminal velocity. The uniformity of the PMV was entirely dependent on the air diffusion performance index value and exhibited large variations when the air diffusion performance index value was low. In most cases, the space was overcooled with an average PMV of −0.66 or below. Practical application: The effect of air distribution system design on human thermal comfort has been very complex to understand, as it involves different schemes and different diffuser discharge velocities. This study will help engineers and designers in designing better thermal environment for the occupants.

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28

Amin, I. J., A. J. Taylor, and R. M. Parkin. "Driver tracking and posture detection using low-resolution infrared sensing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1079–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto517.

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Intelligent sensors are playing an ever-increasing role in automotive safety. This paper describes the development of a low-resolution infrared (IR) imaging system for continuous tracking and identification of driver postures and movements. The resolution of the imager is unusually low at 16 − 16 pixels. An image processing technique has been developed using neural networks operating on a segmented thermographic image to categorize driver postures. The system is able reliably to identify 18 different driver positions, and results have been verified experimentally with 20 subjects driving in a car simulator. IR imaging offers several advantages over visual sensors; it will operate in any lighting conditions and is less intrusive in terms of the privacy of the occupants. Hardware costs for the low-resolution sensor are an order of magnitude lower than those of conventional IR imaging systems. The system has been shown to have the potential to play a significant role in future intelligent safety systems.

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29

Bessaïh, Nesrine, and Anna Bogic. "« Nous les femmes » de 1970 à 2017 à travers les traductions et adaptations de Our Bodies, Ourselves en français." TTR 29, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 43–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051013ar.

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Le présent article se penche sur les traductions et adaptations françaises du classique féministe Our Bodies, Ourselves (OBOS) publié aux États-Unis en 1971. Nous explorons la diversité du « nous » dans l’expression « nous les femmes » à travers trois traductions et adaptations de OBOS réalisées dans des environnements francophones qui diffèrent par l’époque et la situation géopolitique. Nous postulons que ces projets de traduction témoignent des tentatives de représentations de la diversité du « nous » en recourant à la réflexivité et l’intersectionnalité, deux approches qui invitent les traductrices à réfléchir à leur propre posture vis-à-vis des autres femmes et à reconnaître les rapports de pouvoir inégaux qui peuvent exister entre elles. Dans la première partie de l’article, nous présentons les origines de OBOS avant de nous pencher sur les versions françaises réalisées respectivement en France et au Sénégal. Dans la deuxième partie, nous traitons de l’intersectionnalité, de son développement au sein du mouvement des femmes au Québec et de son rôle clé dans le processus d’adaptation adopté par la collective de militantes qui travaille actuellement au Québec à une nouvelle adaptation de OBOS. L’engagement des traductrices envers la réflexivité et l’intersectionnalité montre leur volonté de prendre en considération les rapports de pouvoir inégaux entre des femmes qui occupent différentes postures face au « nous les femmes ». De plus, le cas de OBOS illustre une approche de la traduction où la fidélité ne se mesure pas à l’aune de la retransmission exacte du texte; il s’agit plutôt d’une approche redevable au message et au projet politique d’une reprise de pouvoir des femmes sur leur vie.

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30

Caballero-Bruno, Irene, Daniel Töpfer, Thomas Wohllebe, and Pedro M. Hernández-Castellano. "Assessing Car Seat Posture through Comfort and User Experience." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 3376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073376.

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The vehicular market is undergoing a profound transformation that includes a trend toward fully automated driving. When travelling in automated systems, the main task is no longer driving. Therefore, the interior design of automated vehicles requires a renovation to adapt to new use cases. With this motivation, the use case of sleeping while travelling was chosen for this user study, in which different seat configuration conditions were evaluated. The three preselected seat positions for this research included the upright, reclined and flat seat positions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the comfort of different seat angles in meeting the need to sleep in a moving vehicle. Since the physical experience of the occupants with a high-fidelity seat prototype is essential to evaluate the new interior concept of the vehicle of the future, in this study, the experimental participants were asked about their perception of comfort and overall user experience while travelling by car under close-to-real test conditions. Therefore, the primary objective of this evaluation was to explore different seat configurations and find the most suitable seat position for the use case of sleeping in a car while moving. Our findings suggest that users prefer reclining and flat seats in short-/medium- and long-term use cases, respectively.

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31

Wang, W., S. Rakheja, and P. É. Boileau. "Effects of sitting postures on biodynamic response of seated occupants under vertical vibration." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 34, no. 4 (October 2004): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2004.04.009.

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CHO, WONHAK, YONGCHUL KIM, and HYEONKI CHOI. "A STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF OCCUPANT'S CERVICAL INJURY BY LOW SPEED REAR-END COLLISION OF AUTOMOBILES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208047353.

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Neck injury in rear-end car collisions is an increasing concern in the field of traffic safety. This injury commonly occurs at rear-end impact, however the injury mechanisms for whiplash remain a mystery. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the head and neck kinematics during the low-speed rear-end impact of automobiles. It is important to produce data that is related as closely as possible to the in vivo situation. So, we performed a sled test which simulated rear-end impacts with a velocity of 0.6 m/s with five normal healthy male subjects. 3-D motion analysis system was used to document motion data of two situations. When we compare the values of angular velocity and acceleration of head and neck, the peak magnitudes of inclined seated posture were smaller than those of upright seated posture. The result of this study is expected to provide insight that will aid in determining the mechanism of whiplash which is crucial to the identification of possible injury mechanisms.

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33

Odani, Mamiko, Fusako Sato, and Yusuke Miyazaki. "PS7-2 ANALYSIS OF SPINAL ALIGNMENT PATTERN OF CAR OCCUPANTS OBTAINED USING AN UPRIGHT OPEN MRI SYSTEM(PS7: Poster Short Presentation VII,Poster Session)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2015.8 (2015): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2015.8.339.

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34

McMurry, Timothy L., Gerald S. Poplin, Greg Shaw, and Matthew B. Panzer. "Crash safety concerns for out-of-position occupant postures: A look toward safety in highly automated vehicles." Traffic Injury Prevention 19, no. 6 (May 17, 2018): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2018.1458306.

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35

Hault-dubrulle, Audrey, Frederic Robache, Pascal Drazetic, Herve Guillemot, and Herve Morvan. "Determination of pre-impact occupant postures and analysis of consequences on injury outcome—Part II: Biomechanical study." Accident Analysis & Prevention 43, no. 1 (January 2011): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.07.013.

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Date, Kuniyoshi. "An Examination of Body Support and Fatigue in Automobile Seats." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 10 (October 1988): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118188786762720.

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There are various factors that influence the sitting comfort of automobile seats. Important elements that of en determine how a seat is assessed in terms of sitting comfort are the fatigue phenomena that occur on long drives. This work examined the possibility of reducing fatigue by providing an optimum fit between the seat and the occupant's body and optimum sitting posture. This report presents the results of evaluations and analyses made of fatigue and the feeling of fit for many different types of seats, including a bucket seat.

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37

Schmidt-Lux, Thomas, and Barbara Thériault. "Siegfried Kracauer, sociologue de la culture." Sociologie et sociétés 49, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1042819ar.

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Alors que, de nos jours, c’est à un critique et un théoricien du cinéma que l’on associe le plus souvent Siegfried Kracauer, nous traçons ici les contours de son oeuvre au regard de sa pertinence pour la sociologie de la culture. Nous concentrant sur ses écrits journalistiques, nous nous intéressons au rôle qu’y joue l’observation et à la place qu’y occupent l’espace et le « concret », à l’écriture sociologique, à la lecture du monde moderne, à la posture des intellectuels et au rapport non dogmatique de l’auteur au politique et à la théorie. Enfin, nous nous interrogeons sur l’apport que représentent ses écrits pour une sociologie qui se veut exigeante et empirique, tout en se présentant comme divertissante et sans formalisme.

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38

Bhiwapurkar, Mahesh K., V. H. Saran, and S. P. Harsha. "Effects of vibration magnitude and posture on seat-to-head-transmissibility responses of seated occupants exposed to lateral vibration." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 12, no. 1 (2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2016.077472.

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39

Wang, W., S. Rakheja, and P. É. Boileau. "The role of seat geometry and posture on the mechanical energy absorption characteristics of seated occupants under vertical vibration." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 36, no. 2 (February 2006): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2005.09.006.

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40

Hault-Dubrulle, Audrey, Frederic Robache, Marie-Pierre Pacaux, and Herve Morvan. "Determination of pre-impact occupant postures and analysis of consequences on injury outcome. Part I: A driving simulator study." Accident Analysis & Prevention 43, no. 1 (January 2011): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.07.012.

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41

Seraj, Umi Salmah, and Mohd Farid Aladdin. "In-situ Study of Seating Static Comfort in Passenger Vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815202018.

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In today’s automotive market, comfort is huge selling point of a vehicle. Priority is given by buyers to how comfortable a seat feels during purchase decisions. The measure of comfort is harmonious mix of many aspects such as human ergonomics and physiological factors. However, a gap still exists between objective and subjective measures due to lack of emphasis by past researchers. This is particularly obvious in the lumbar support feature that has still not been able to address the health problems related to driving. This project focuses on bridging the gap by giving users the ability to define true preferred posture in realistic settings. This is done by the creation of a apparatus that allows users to individually manipulate the seat contour for optimum support in more segments than just lumbar area. The experiment is performed in 3 parts, where in each part different segments of the apparatus are manipulatable (lumbar segment, sacral & thoracic segment, and all segments). Sixty human subjects’ statistics are recorded (gender, age, BMI and height) and the subjects are palpated to locate internal joints. These joints are marked and postural angles between them are measured using a goniometer. In each seat configuration, the angles are measured and a comfort rating is taken to be compared. It was found that the posture angles are different among the 3 experiments, and there is a change in comfort felt. Some human factors have also been proven to contribute heavily to angles chosen by occupants.

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42

Simard-Houde, Mélodie. "Être reporter sans le titre ? Les reconfigurations poétiques de la chronique à l’heure de l’invention de l’enquête (1870-1890)." Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo 6, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/slj.v6.n1.2017.298.

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Dans les premières décennies de la Troisième République, alors que la presse française commence à s’ouvrir à un nouveau modèle médiatique dans lequel la dépêche, le reportage, l’information et l’actualité occupent une place grandissante, qu’advient-il des genres journalistiques installés et reconnus ? Cet submission propose de répondre à cette question en examinant le cas de la chronique mondaine, dans les postures, les poétiques et les pratiques d’écriture de trois chroniqueurs de la presse parisienne : Émile Blavet et sa rubrique « La Vie parisienne », publiée au Figaro sous le pseudonyme Parisis ; « L’hiver en Russie », la chronique d’un voyage à Saint-Pétersbourg par Léon Duchemin, pour le compte du Figaro, et, enfin, des chroniques de voyage en Italie et en Afrique du Nord de Guy de Maupassant, dans les années 1880. Ces trois auteurs ont connu des fortunes littéraires bien inégales. Cependant, sous la plume de chacun d’entre eux, les caractéristiques poétiques traditionnelles de la chronique et la tâche du chroniqueur se trouvent modulées d’une manière singulière par l’essor du journalisme d’enquête et du reportage. Pour Blavet, l’hybridation se traduit, dans le paratexte des chroniques réunies en volume, par une posture de chroniqueur documenté ; chez Duchemin, elle donne lieu à une adaptation exotique de la chronique mondaine, tandis que chez Maupassant, elle est liée à l’écriture d’une expérience sensorielle. Que ce soit en insistant sur son acuité, en déplaçant son champ d’expérience de Paris vers une capitale culturelle étrangère, ou encore en transformant radicalement sa silhouette pour en faire celle d’un voyageur aventurier, chacun de ces chroniqueurs peut s’apparenter, à divers degrés, à un protoreporter. Leurs chroniques donnent ainsi à voir, en décalage avec les codes habituels, des interférences génériques qui témoignent de la mutation en cours et participent du processus de l’invention du reportage. In the initial decades of the Third Republic, when the French press was opening up to a new media model in which wire stories, reportage, information, and news are increasingly important, what happened to the well-installed and recognized journalistic genres? This submission aims to answer this question by examining the case of the high-society column, through the postures, poetics, and writing practices of three Parisian columnists: Émile Blavet and his column “La Vie parisienne,” published in Le Figaro under the pseudonym Parisis; “L’hiver en Russie,” the narrative of a journey to Saint Petersburg by Léon Duchemin, columnist for Le Figaro; and, finally, Guy de Maupassant’s travel chronicles in Italy and North Africa during the 1880s. The three authors experience disproportionate literary success; however, in each of their writings, the traditional poetic elements of the Parisian column and the function of the columnist are modulated in a singular way through the growth of investigative journalism and reportage. In Blavet’s work, hybridization translates into the posture of a documented columnist, as expressed in the paratext of the collected columns, while in Duchemin’s writing, the travel chronicle produces an exotic adaptation of the high-society column. Finally, in Maupassant’s work, it is linked to the writing of a sensory experience. Whether by emphasizing acuity, moving fields of experience from Paris to a foreign cultural capital, or radically transforming one’s image into that of an adventurous traveler, each of these columnists can be compared to, in varying degrees, a protoreporter. Although at odds with standardized norms, their columns reveal a generic interference that reflects the changing course of the media system, one that contributes to the process of invention vis-à-vis reportage. Nas primeiras décadas da Terceira República, quando a imprensa francesa começa a se abrir a um novo modelo midiático no qual o despacho, a reportagem, a informação e a atualidade ocupam um lugar cada vez maior, o que acontece com os gêneros jornalísticos já bem estabelecidos e reconhecidos? Este artigo procura responder a essa questão examinando o caso das crônicas mundanas, no âmbito das posturas, poéticas e práticas de escrita três cronistas da imprensa parisiense: Émile Blavet e sua rubrica “La Vie parisienne”, publicada no Figaro sob o pseudônimo de Parisis ; “L’hiver en Russie”, crônica de uma viagem a São Petersburgo por Léon Duchemin, colunista do Figaro; e, finalmente, as crônicas de viagem à Itália e à África do Norte de Guy de Maupassant nos anos 1880. Os três autores têm percursos literários bem distintos. Contudo, em seus escritos, tanto a tradicional característica poética da crônica quanto o papel do cronista são modulados de maneira singular pela ascensão do jornalismo de enquete e da reportagem. Para Blavet, a hibridação se traduz, no paratexto das crônicas reunidas em volume, em uma postura de cronista documentado; em Duchemin, ela dá lugar a uma adaptação exótica da crônica mundana, enquanto em Maupassant ela está ligada à escrita de uma experiência sensorial. Seja ao sublinhar sua acuidade, ao deslocar seu campo de experiência de Paris para uma capital cultural estrangeira, ou ainda ao transformar radicalmente sua silhueta na de um viajante aventureiro, cada um desses cronistas pode se assemelhar, em diversos níveis, a um proto-repórter. Suas crônicas revelam, em descompasso com os códigos habituais, interferências genéricas que testemunham uma mudança em curso e participam do processo de invenção da reportagem.

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Dufour-Maître, Myriam. "Femmes, querelles galantes du dix-septième siècle et histoire littéraire." Romanic Review 112, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 372–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00358118-9377318.

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Abstract L’article propose une réflexion sur la construction des querelles galantes, en leur temps puis dans l’histoire littéraire, du point de vue de la place qu’y occupent les femmes et les autrices. Dans la plupart des cas, leur accès à l’autorité ne passe pas par la querelle, ce qui les rend invisibles dans une historiographie littéraire étroitement focalisée sur l’affrontement des corps constitués (XVIIIe siècle), ou animée par le paradigme épique (XIXe siècle et début du XXe siècle). La valorisation exclusive du rôle de protagoniste empêche de mesurer l’efficacité de postures féminines plus discrètes d’instigation, d’observation, d’arbitrage, d’esquive, de surélévation « au-dessus de la mêlée », voire d’ironie dissolvante. La vitalité sur trois siècles des violents repoussoirs que sont la harangère, la pédante et la précieuse éclaire ces stratégies « obliques », et permet d’apprécier le prix très élevé qu’ont dû payer celles qui osèrent entrer dans la lice.

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Sifuentes, Ernesto, Rafael Gonzalez-Landaeta, Juan Cota-Ruiz, and Ferran Reverter. "Seat Occupancy Detection Based on a Low-Power Microcontroller and a Single FSR." Sensors 19, no. 3 (February 8, 2019): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030699.

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This paper proposes a microcontroller-based measurement system to detect and confirm the presence of a subject in a chair. The system relies on a single Force Sensing Resistor (FSR), which is arranged in the seat of the chair, that undergoes a sudden resistance change when a subject/object is seated/placed over the chair. In order to distinguish between a subject and an inanimate object, the system also monitors small-signal variations of the FSR resistance caused by respiration. These resistance variations are then directly measured by a low-cost general-purpose microcontroller unit (MCU) without using either an analogue processing stage or an analogue-to-digital converter. Two versions of such a MCU-based circuit are presented: one to prove the concept of the measurement, and another with a smart wake-up (generated by the sudden resistance change) intended to reduce the energy consumption. The feasibility of the proposed measurement system is experimentally demonstrated with subjects of different weight sitting at different postures, and also with objects of different weight. The MCU-based circuit with a smart wake-up shows a standby current consumption of 800 nA, and requires an energy of 125 µJ to carry out the measurement after the wake-up.

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45

Drolet, Marie-Josée, Anick Sauvageau, Nancy Baril, and Rébecca Gaudet. "Les enjeux éthiques de la formation clinique en ergothérapie." Hors-thème 6, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 148–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1060048ar.

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Les stages occupent une place centrale dans la formation des futures ergothérapeutes, mais les enjeux éthiques de la formation clinique en ergothérapie sont peu documentés. Une étude auprès de 23 ergothérapeutes ayant de l’expérience comme superviseur de stage1a été menée afin d’accroître les données sur cet aspect de la profession. Il ressort des entretiens qualitatifs individuels semi-dirigés réalisés avec les participantes que ceux-ci vivent tous des enjeux éthiques comme formateurs cliniques. L’analyse des verbatims fait émerger des enjeux correspondant à six thèmes, soit : 1) les conflits de loyautés multiples; 2) les étudiantes en difficulté ou en situation d’échec; 3) les tensions entre quatre postures éthiques; 4) l’enseignement de l’idéal, du possible ou de rien du tout; 5) les difficultés à soutenir les compétences éthiques et culturelles; 6) les iniquités reliées à la formation clinique. L’étude révèle notamment des enjeux inédits et préoccupants. Puisque certains d’entre eux peuvent occasionner de la souffrance chez la superviseure et la stagiaire, une réflexion critique sur ce rôle de gardienne de la profession s’impose.

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46

He, Wei, Weiping Xie, and Lisheng Liu. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Standing People on Dynamic Properties of a Beam-Like Bridge." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1710820.

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This paper studies the vertical dynamic properties of a beam-like bridge attached with standing people. A purpose-built lively bridge was constructed. Model properties of the empty structure are obtained using ambient vibration testing method. Experimental tests of the bridge attached with standing people were also conducted covering a variety of densities of occupants and different postures. The considerable number of participants and repetitions makes it possible to take into account inter- and intrasubject variability. To illustrate the variations of dynamic properties of the structure, a mathematic model of standing people-structure interaction system is developed employing the single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) human body model. It is shown that the model developed herein can effectively illustrate the experimental observations. Based on the model, the effect of damping and natural frequency of the human body on dynamic properties of the occupied structure is scrutinized. Results show that the modal properties of the human body contribute remarkably to the structural damping but little to the structural natural frequencies.

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47

Mondal, Purnendu, and Subramaniam Arunachalam. "Unique Finite Element Modelling of Human Body Inside Accelerating Car to Predict Accelerations and Frequencies at Different Human Segments." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051861.

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Анотація:

The comfort level of the human occupant inside a dynamic vehicle is dependent on the level of vibration generated inside the different segments of the human body. Some technologies have been developed to provide the final level of vibration inside an automotive-seated human, but those technologies considered only a specific portion of human segments. In the present work, a unique and comprehensive finite element simulation model was proposed to predict the final level of vibration at different segments of a seated human driver inside a moving car. The main aim of this unique simulation methodology was to replace the time-consuming and expensive real life vibration testing for a car-seated human body, with a non-robust and correctly postured virtual human model in a finite element environment. The output of this research work focused on the vertical accelerations, vertical displacement, and frequency, and the results obtained from this research work were validated through comparison to real life test data and information provided in other similar research works. The validation study showed that this unique simulation methodology can successfully be implemented to anticipate accelerations and frequencies at different points of a car-seated human body in order to optimize human health, comfort, and safety.

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O'Brien, Timothy G., and Margaret F. Kinnaird. "A picture is worth a thousand words: the application of camera trapping to the study of birds." Bird Conservation International 18, S1 (August 7, 2008): S144—S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270908000348.

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AbstractThis study reviews the use of remotely triggered still cameras, known as camera traps, in bird research and suggests new methods useful for analyzing camera trap data. Camera trapping may be most appropriate for large, ground-dwelling birds, such as cracids and pheasants. Recent applications include documentation of occurrence of rare species and new species records, nest predation studies and behavioural studies including nest defence, frugivory, seed dispersal, and activity budgets. If bird postures are analyzed, it may be possible to develop behavioural time budgets. If birds are marked or individually identifiable, abundance may be estimated through capture-recapture methods typically used for mammals. We discourage use of relative abundance indices based on trapping effort because of the difficulty of standardizing surveys over time and space. Using the Great Argus Pheasant Argus argusianus, a cryptic, terrestrial, forest bird as an example, we illustrate applications of occupancy analysis to estimate proportion of occupied habitat and finite mixture models to estimate abundance when individual identification is not possible. These analyses are useful because they incorporate detection probabilities < 1 and covariates that affect the sample site or the observation process. Results are from camera trap surveys in the 3,568 km2 Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia. We confirmed that Great Argus Pheasants prefer primary forest below 500 m. We also find a decline in occupancy (6–8% yr−1). Point estimates of abundance peak in 2000, followed by a sharp decline. We discuss the effects of rarity, detection probability and sampling effort on accuracy and precision of estimates.

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Cardon, Philippe. "Faire les courses, préparer les repas et prendre en charge son conjoint. Postures de femmes retraitées face à la fermeture des commerces alimentaires de proximité." Lien social et Politiques, no. 79 (November 1, 2017): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041740ar.

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Анотація:

Les courses alimentaires occupent une place centrale dans la vie quotidienne des personnes âgées, cette activité constituant le premier motif de sortie de celles vivant en centre-ville. La majorité de ces dernières vivent au quotidien dans un périmètre inférieur à 500 mètres. Ce périmètre ne cesse du reste de se rétrécir avec l’avancée en âge. Cela renforce le fait que la proximité de commerces et de services joue un rôle puissant d’intégration. Surtout, la proximité et la diversité des commerces alimentaires garantissent diversité et fraîcheur de l’alimentation des ménages de retraités. Partant, l’article étudie, à partir de deux monographies de couples de retraités, vivant dans un quartier périphérique d’une ville moyenne, l’impact de la disparition des commerces de proximité sur leur alimentation et leur mode de vie dans le contexte particulier de la prise en charge des maris atteints de maladies graves par leur conjointe. Entre la prise en charge de leur conjoint, la gestion des différentes activités domestiques et les contraintes liées à la disparition des commerces, les femmes rencontrées tentent de concilier identité pour soi et identité conjugale. Deux postures de contournement de la disparition des commerces de proximité émergent dès lors, chacune influençant différemment l’alimentation des ménages. La manière de faire face à la fermeture des magasins apparaît liée au style de vie et au milieu social du ménage, et s’exprime dans la façon dont les conjointes négocient identité pour soi et identité conjugale.

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Sanchez-Comas, Andres, Kåre Synnes, and Josef Hallberg. "Hardware for Recognition of Human Activities: A Review of Smart Home and AAL Related Technologies." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 4227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154227.

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Анотація:

Activity recognition (AR) from an applied perspective of ambient assisted living (AAL) and smart homes (SH) has become a subject of great interest. Promising a better quality of life, AR applied in contexts such as health, security, and energy consumption can lead to solutions capable of reaching even the people most in need. This study was strongly motivated because levels of development, deployment, and technology of AR solutions transferred to society and industry are based on software development, but also depend on the hardware devices used. The current paper identifies contributions to hardware uses for activity recognition through a scientific literature review in the Web of Science (WoS) database. This work found four dominant groups of technologies used for AR in SH and AAL—smartphones, wearables, video, and electronic components—and two emerging technologies: Wi-Fi and assistive robots. Many of these technologies overlap across many research works. Through bibliometric networks analysis, the present review identified some gaps and new potential combinations of technologies for advances in this emerging worldwide field and their uses. The review also relates the use of these six technologies in health conditions, health care, emotion recognition, occupancy, mobility, posture recognition, localization, fall detection, and generic activity recognition applications. The above can serve as a road map that allows readers to execute approachable projects and deploy applications in different socioeconomic contexts, and the possibility to establish networks with the community involved in this topic. This analysis shows that the research field in activity recognition accepts that specific goals cannot be achieved using one single hardware technology, but can be using joint solutions, this paper shows how such technology works in this regard.

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