Статті в журналах: "Oc unix"

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Pietrzak, Michał Barnard. "Modifiable Areal Unit Problem: the issue of determining the relationship between microparameters and a macroparameter." Oeconomia Copernicana 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 393–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2019.019.

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Research background: One of the issues considered by economists such as Tinbergen (1939), Klein (1946), May, (1946), Theil (1965), Pawłowski (1969), Bołt et al. (1985) was to determine the mechanism of transition between the results of microeconomics and the theory of macroeconomics. As part of this research, Pawłowski (1969) raised the problem of establishing the relationship between microparameters and a macroparameter. In the presented article, Pawłowski's problem was expanded to include spatial economic research, where micro-dependencies and spatial macro-dependencies were analysed. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to establish the relationship between the microparameters set for SGM agricultural macroregions and the macroparameter referring to the whole area of Poland, where the parameters describe the economic dependencies regarding the impact of the size of farms in established region on their technical equipment. In the study, the economic relationships analysed in the case of individual SGM agricultural macroregions were defined as spatial micro-dependencies, and in the case of the entire area of Poland as spatial macro-dependencies. Methods: The methodological part of the article describes the concepts of Modifiable Areal Unit Problem, causal homogeneity of spatial data, homogeneous system of sets of areal units, area and sub-areas of conclusions. The concepts of micro-dependencies and spatial macro-dependencies are presented. Basic equations allowing to determine the evaluation of the spatial macroparameter as a linear combination of spatial microparameters were also presented. Findings & Value added: In the first stage of the study, spatial micro-dependencies were identified for subsequent SGM agricultural macroregions. In the second stage of the study, the relationship between spatial microparameters for single macroregions and the spatial macroparameter for Poland was determined. Establishing the relationship allowed to determine the macroparameter estimate for the whole area of Poland.

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Corakci, Aysegul, Tolga Omay, and Mubariz Hasanov. "Hysteresis and stochastic convergence in Eurozone unemployment rates: evidence from panel unit roots with smooth breaks and asymmetric dynamics." Oeconomia Copernicana 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 11–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2022.001.

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Research background: Studying the dynamic characteristics of unemployment rate is crucial for both economic theory and macroeconomic policies. Despite numerous research, the empirical evidence about stochastic behaviour of the unemployment rate remains disputable. It has been widely agreed that most economic variables, including unemployment rates, are characterized by both structural breaks and nonlinearities. However, a little work is done to examine both features simultaneously. Purpose of the article: In this paper, we analyse the stationarity properties of unemployment rates of Euro area member countries. Also, we aim to test stochastic convergence of unemployment rates among member countries. Our empirical procedures explicitly allow for simultaneous gradual breaks and nonlinearities in the series. Methods: This paper develops a new unit root test procedure for panel data, allowing for both gradual structural breaks and asymmetric adjustment towards equilibrium. We carry out Monte Carlo simulations to examine small sample performance of the proposed test procedure and compare it to the existing test procedures. We apply the newly proposed test to examine the stochastic properties of the unemployment rates of Euro-member countries as well as relative unemployment rates vis-?-vis the Eurozone unemployment rate. Findings & value added: We find that the newly developed test procedure outperforms existing tests in highly nonlinear settings. Also, these tests reject the null hypothesis of unit root in more cases when compared to the existing tests. We find stationarity in the series only after allowing for structural breaks in the data generating process. Allowing for nonlinear and asymmetric adjustment in addition to gradual breaks provides evidence of stationarity in more cases. Furthermore, our results suggest that relative unemployment rate series are stationary, providing evidence in favour of stochastic convergence in unemployment rates. Overall, our results imply a limited room for coordinated economic policy to fight unemployment in the Eurozone.

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Megawati, Eka, Yuniarti Yuniarti, and Achmad Rifandi. "Evaluasi Kolom Stripper C-04-01 di Unit Naphta Hydrotreater (Studi Kasus di PT. PERTAMINA REFINERY UNIT V BALIKPAPAN)." Jurnal Chemurgy 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/cmg.v2i2.2234.

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Pada penelitian yang berjudul Evaluasi kolom stripper C-04-01 di Unit Naptha Hydrotreater memiliki tujuan mengevaluasi kinerja tray di kolom stripper C-04-01. Pada Kolom naphta stripper mempunyai 20 buah tray. Umpan masuk kolom ini pada tray no.6 dan pada kolom stripper diinjeksikan steam dari samping pada bagian dasar kolom. Short-cut Method merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan banyaknya tray teoritis berdasarkan perhitungan dari reflux minimum, reflux rasio, tray minimum, menentukan reflux operasi dan jumlah tray ideal teoritis yang digunakan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa efisiensi tray keseluruhan adalah 90%, jumlah tray teoritis sebanyak 18 buah tray. Temperatur operasi top kolom perhitungan yang didapat adalah sebesar 12,49 oC = 54,48 oF, dan kondisi aktual top kolom adalah 69,14 oC = 156 oF yang berarti diatas temperatur teoritis. Temperatur operasi bottom kolom melalui perhitungan teoritis adalah 236,75 oC = 458,14 oF, sedangkan temperatur aktual kolom sebesar 218,19 oC = 242,75 oF, yang berarti masih dibawah temperatur teoritis. Dengan menaikan temperatur reboiler maka temperatur aktual dapat dinaikan mendekati temperatur operasi bottom kolom perhitungan.Kata kunci: Naphta Hydrotreater, Stripper, Short-cut Method

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Ye, Xiaoqi, Rong Yu, Fusong Jiang, Xuhong Hou, Li Wei, Yuqian Bao, and Weiping Jia. "Osteocalcin and Risks of Incident Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A 4.6-Year Prospective Cohort Study." Diabetes Care 45, no. 4 (January 28, 2022): 830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc21-2113.

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OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relationship between osteocalcin (OC) and the risk of incident diabetes and the risk of incident diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We followed 5,396 participants without diabetes (nondiabetes subcohort) and 1,174 participants with diabetes and normal kidney function (diabetes subcohort) at baseline. Logistic regression and modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of baseline OC levels with incident diabetes and DKD. RESULTS During a mean 4.6-year follow-up period, 296 cases of incident diabetes and 184 cases of incident DKD were identified. In the nondiabetes subcohort, higher OC levels were linearly associated with a decreased risk of diabetes (RR for 1-unit increase of loge-transformed OC 0.51 [95% CI 0.35–0.76]; RR for highest vs. lowest quartile 0.65 [95% CI 0.44–0.95]; P for trend < 0.05). In the diabetes subcohort, OC levels were linearly inversely associated with incident DKD (RR for 1-unit increase of loge-transformed OC 0.49 [95% CI 0.33–0.74]; RR for highest vs. lowest quartile 0.56 [95% CI 0.38–0.83]; P for trend < 0.05), even independent of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. No significant interactions between OC and various subgroups on incident diabetes or DKD were observed. CONCLUSIONS Lower OC levels were associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes and DKD.

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Darniati, Iis, Yuwana Yuwana, and Syafnil Syafnil. "QUALITY PROFILE OF DRIED FISH PRODUCED USING YTP-UNIB-2013 WITH VARIED DRYING TEMPERATURES." Jurnal Agroindustri 5, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.5.1.12-19.

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Objectives of this research were 1) to determine fish drying time YTP-UNIB 2013 biomass dryer with four different temperatures; 2) to compare the resulted dry fishes to SNI Standards for fish; 3) to find the optimum drying temperature to produce dry fish with better fit to SNI standards.Utilizing “ Kaseh” fish (Opisthopterus tardoore) as experimental sample dryings with temperatures 30-40 oC, 40-50 oC, 50-60 oC and 60-70 oC, in term of drying time, resulted 10 hours, 8 hours, 6.5 hours and 5.5 hours respectively. From the TPC point of view, the dry fishes produced by these temperature ranges contained 1,16 x 106 kol/g, 1,0875 x 106 kol/g, 0,744 x 106 kol/g and 0,8975 x 106 kol/g. These dry fishes fitted respectively to 8.6, 8.8, 8.4 and 7.8 average organoleptical scores. The finding suggested that drying with 50-60 temperature ranges would be proper choice for drying fish with YTP-UNIB 2013 biomass dryer.Keywords :

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Crosby, Philip S., and Scott W. Lowrey. "A SMPTE 292M/OC-48c Video Network Access Unit (VNAU)." SMPTE Journal 109, no. 3 (March 2000): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/j08346.

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Ganushchak-Efimenko, Lyudmila, Valeriia Shcherbak, and Оlena Nifatova. "Assessing the effects of socially responsible strategic partnerships on building brand equity of integrated business structures in Ukraine." Oeconomia Copernicana 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2018.035.

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Research background: At present, it is critical to raise awareness on how global trends of doing business within the framework of sustainable development affect the success of each business unit, integration associations, and apparently contribute to a nation’s prosperity. Thus, a study aimed at measuring the effects of socially responsible strategic partnerships on building brand equity of integrated business structures (IBS) will provide deeper insights into assessing the effectiveness and relevance of disseminating CSR practices. Purpose of the article: The paper attempts to evaluate the degree of effect of socially responsible strategic partnerships on building strong brand equity of integrated business structures. Methods: The participants in the assessment have been selected from the Forbes TOP 200 largest companies in Ukraine (the ranking was based not only on sales, such metrics as companies’ financial performance, total assets and their current assessed value were also considered). The input data on the CSR indices were obtained from the Center for CSR Development Ukraine. The index of loyalty to a certain brand was calculated as an integral ratio of satisfaction and importance to customers (based on online survey results). To analyze the impact of the endogenous variable of CSR on IBS branding effectiveness (customer loyalty index and brand equity) and its cost effectiveness, correlation regression and factor analysis methods were applied. Findings & Value added: This study demonstrates the feasibility and economic justification of the impact of socially responsible strategic partnerships on brand equity development for integrated business structures. The research has significant implications for brand management of integrated business structures by providing empirical evidence that will improve understanding of the need to implement the concept of socially responsible branding that right today resonates with the moral society.

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Wichowska, Anna. "Shrinking municipalities and their budgetary revenues on the example of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland." Oeconomia Copernicana 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2019.020.

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Research background: Adverse demographic changes in many local administration units around the world lead to their shrinkage. These processes are usually accompanied by economic changes. The economic consequences of shrinkage can be assessed based on the budgetary revenues of local units, which are largely dependent on the local population and the demographic structure. Purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to evaluate the shrinkage of Polish municipalities and the effects of population change on the budgetary revenues of local administration units. The analysis was conducted in selected municipalities of the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship, which is the least economically developed region in Poland. The analysis covered the period between 2012 and 2017. Methods: The shrinkage of municipalities was evaluated with the use of the methods proposed by the Shrinking Cities International Research Network (SCIRN). According to this methodology, a local unit shrinks when the annual decrease in population exceeds 0.15% for more than five consecutive years. The influence of demographic changes on the budgetary revenues of municipalities was evaluated with the use of linear correlation analysis (Pearson's r) as well as a survey conducted among municipal treasurers in the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship. Findings & Value added: Symptoms of shrinkage were described in selected municipalities of the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship. The presence of correlations between different categories of budgetary revenues and demographic changes was confirmed. The results of the study and the formulated practical recommendations constitute constructive inputs to the discussion on possible solutions to the analyzed problem. They can also be used in further research to analyze other aspects of municipal budgets (the consequences of depopulation for budgetary expenditures, municipal debt, etc.) or conduct comparisons with other regions in Poland and in the world.

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Sanjaya, Ari Susandy, S. Suhartono, and Herri Susanto. "Pemanfaatan gasifikasi batubara untuk unit pengeringan teh." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 5, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.6.

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Coal gasification utilization for tea drying unit. Anticipating the rise of fuel oil, the management of a tea plantation and drying plant has considered to substitute its oil consumption with producer gas (gaseous fuel obtained from gasification process). A tea drying unit normally consumes 70 L/h of industrial diesel oil and is operated 10 hours per day. The gasification unit consisted of a down draft fixed bed gasifier (designed capacity of about 100 kg/h), gas cooling and cleaning systems. The gas producer was delivered to the tea processing unit and burned to heat the drying oil: Low calorific value coal (4500 kcal/kg) and wood waste (4000 kcal/kg) have been used as fuel. The gasification unit could be operated as long as 8 hours without refueled since the coal hopper on the toppart of gasifier has a capacity of 1000 kg. Sometimes, the gasification process must be stopped before coal completely consumed due to ash melting inside the gasifier. Combustion of producer gas produced a pale-blue flame, probably due to a lower calorific value of the producer gas or too much excess air. Temperature of heating-air heated by combustion of this producer gas was only up to 96 oC. To achieve the target temperature of 102 oC, a small oil burner must he operated at a rate ofabout 15 L/h. Thus the oil replacement was about 78%.Keywords: Fuel oil, Producer gas, Downdraft gasifier, Dual fuel, Calorific value, Burner. AbstrakKenaikan harga bahan bakar minyak untuk industri pada awal 2006 telah mendorong berbagai pemikiran dan upaya pemanfaatan bahan bakar alternatif. Sebuah unit gasifikasi telah dipasang di pabrik teh sebagai penyedia bahan bakar alternatif. Unit gasifikasi tersebut terdiri dari gasifier, pendingin, pembersih gas, dan blower. Unit gasifikasi ini ditargetkan untuk dapat menggantikan konsumsi minyak bakar 70 L/jam. Gasifier dirancang untuk kapasitas 120 kg/jam batubara, dan memiliki spesifikasi sebagai berikut: downdraft gasifier; diameter tenggorokan 40 cm, diameter zona reduksi 80 cm. Bunker di bagian atas gasifier memiliki kapasitas sekitar 1000 kg batubara agar gasifier dapat dioperasikan selama 8 jam tanpa pengisian-ulang. Bahan baku gasifikasi yang telah diuji-coba adalah batuhara kalori rendah (4500 kcal/kg) dan limbah kayu (4000 kcal/kg). Gas produser (hasil gasifikasi) dibakar pada burner untuk memanaskan udara pengering teh sampai temperatur target 102 oC. Pembakaran gas produser ternyata menghasilkan api biru pucat yang mungkin disebabkan oleh rendahnya kalor bakar gas dan tingginya udara-lebih. Temperatur udara pengering hasil pemanasan dengan api gas produser hanya mencapai 96 oC. Dan untuk mencapai temperatur udara pengering 102 oC, burner gas prod user harus dibantu dengan burner minyak 15 L/jam. Jadi operasi dual fued ini dapat memberi penghematan minyak bakar 78%.Kata kunci: Minyak bakar, Gas produser, Downdraft gasifier, Dual fuel, Kalor bakar, Burner.

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Dias, Rui, Nuno Teixeira, Veronika Machova, Pedro Pardal, Jakub Horak, and Marek Vochozka. "Random walks and market efficiency tests: evidence on US, Chinese and European capital markets within the context of the global Covid-19 pandemic." Oeconomia Copernicana 11, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 585–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2020.024.

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Research background: Covid-19 has affected the global economy and has had an inevitable impact on capital markets. In the week of February 24?28, 2020, stock markets crashed. The index FTSE 100 decreased 13%, while the indices DJIA and S&P 500 fell 11?12%, the biggest drop since the 2007?2008 financial and economic crisis. It is therefore of interest to test the random walk hypothesis in developed capital markets, European and also non-European, in order to understand the different predictabilities between them. Purpose of the article: The aim is to analyze capital market efficiency, in its weak form, through the stock market indices of Belgium (index BEL 20), France (index CAC 40), Germany (index DAX 30), USA (index DOW JONES), Greece (index FTSE Athex 20), Spain (index IBEX 35), Ireland (index ISEQ), Portugal (index PSI 20) and China (index SSE) for the period from December 2019 to May 2020. Methods: Panel unit root tests of Breitung (2000), Levin et al. (2002) and Hadri (2002) were used to assess the time series stationarity. The test of Clemente et al. (1998) is used to detect structural breaks. The tests for the random walk hypothesis follows the variance ratio methodology proposed by Lo and MacKinlay (1988). Findings & Value added: In general, we found mixed confirmation about the EMH (efficient market hypothesis). Taking into account the conclusions of the rank variance test, the random walk hypothesis was rejected in the case of stock indices: Dow Jones, SSE and PSI 20, partially rejected in the case indices: BEL 20, CAC 40, FTSTE Athex 20 and DEX 30, but accepted for indices: IBEX 35 and ISEQ. The results also show that prices do not fully reflect the information available and that changes in prices are not independent and identically distributed. This situation has consequences for investors, since some returns can be expected, creating opportunities for arbitrage and for abnormal returns, contrary to the assumptions of random walk and information efficiency.

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Widodo, Winarso Drajad, Ketty Suketi, and Aidil Fitriansyah. "Heat Unit Establishment as Harvest Criteria for Raja Bulu Banana." Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 12, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jhi.12.2.99-107.

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Penentuan waktu panen pisang Raja Bulu berdasarkan umur buah menyebabkan kualitas matang pascapanen (matang peram) yang tidak seragam antar tandan. Penentuan kriteria panen yang lebih tepat telah dilakukan dengan mengkonversi umur bunga antesis hingga panen ke akumulasi satuan panas dan mendapatkan akumulasi satuan panas optimum 1 400 oC hari pada pertanaman pisang Raja Bulu di dataran rendah (± 10 m dpl). Untuk memantapkan hasil tersebut telah dilakukan percobaan dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dari 3 waktu antesis berinterval satu minggu dengan 4 ulangan pada satuan panas 1 400 oC hari. Penandaan bunga antesis dilakukan di Kebun Parakansalak, PTPN VIII, Sukabumi (670 m dpl) pada Juli 2018. Observasi pascapanen dilakukan di Laboratorium Pascapanen Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB. Akumulasi satuan panas 1 400 oC hari dicapai pada 88-91 hari setelah antesis. Tingkat matang peram (skala warna kulit 6) dicapai pada 11-14 hari setelah panen. Pada tingkat matang peram yang sama perbedaan waktu antesis tidak mempengaruhi kriteria matang peram buah pisang Raja Bulu yang meliputi umur simpan, susut bobot, laju respirasi, kekerasan buah, kandungan padatan terlarut total, kandungan asam tertitrasi total, dan kandungan vitamin C. Kata kunci: antesis, matang peram, pascapanen, umur buah, umur simpan

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Tsai, Bor Jang, Koo David Huang, and Chien Ho Lee. "Hybrid Structural Systems of An Active Building Envelope System(ABE)." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 2359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2359.

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This study takes the ventilation into consideration, making the active building envelope (ABE) system more close to the realistic application conditions. The ABE system is comprised of a photovoltaic unit (PV unit) and a thermoelectric heat pump unit (TE unit). The PV unit consists of photovoltaic cells, which convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. The TE unit consists of thermoelectric heaters/coolers (referred to here onwards as TE coolers), which convert electrical energy into thermal energy, or the reverse. The PV and the TE units are integrated within the overall ABE enclosure. The new mechanism of a hybrid system was proposed. A ducted wind turine will be integrated with the ABE system becoming dual core. Then the analytic model of original ABE system has to be revised and analytic solution will be resulted and verified by the numerical solution of CFD. The ducted wind mill will provide air conditioning and power the ABE system, to higher the thermal efficiency of the heat sinks of TE system. Numerical and experimental works will be investigated. a building installed the ABE system wind, solar driven, bypass the windmill flow as a air flow, ambient temperature, To is equal to 35 oC and indoor temperature, Ti is 28 oC. Numerical results show the Ti will decrease 2 oC when the ABE operating with heat sinks, without fan. As fan is opened, strong convective heat transfer, Ti will decrease approximately 4 to 5 oC. We hope findings of this study can make the dream of healthy living comfortable room come true.

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Thabit, Thabit H., and Saif Q. Younus. "Efficiency of Internal Marketing Dimensions in Private Universities of Kurdistan Region to Achieve the Organizational Commitment." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v2n2y2019.pp176-182.

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The current paper attempts to study the effectiveness of internal marketing (IM) dimensions as an effective internal tool for the economic unit to enhance the organizational commitment (OC) in the private universities of Kurdistan Region. The importance of the research can be stemmed from the important role of IM in the economic unit, which can increase the activity of economic unit and achieve the OC in private universities of Kurdistan Region. So, the applying of IM in the economic unit effectively can help to strengthen the loyalty of the employees and help economic units to keep their employees. The researchers concluded that there is a good level of agreement for the employees of private universities in Kurdistan Region of Iraq about the activities of IM in the study sample and their role to enhance OC. The researchers recommended making more efforts for meeting the material and moral needs of the employees and gaining their satisfaction to ensure their continued work and keep them from thinking about moving to other economic units.

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Karpinskyj, Chloe, Matthew Burnell, Arturo Gonzalez-Izquierdo, Andy Ryan, Jatinderpal Kalsi, Ian Jacobs, Max Parmar, Usha Menon, and Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj. "Socioeconomic Status and Ovarian Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: A Study Nested Within UKCTOCS." Diagnostics 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10020089.

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Background: Tubo-ovarian cancer (OC) continues to be the most lethal of all gynaecological cancers. Over half of women are diagnosed with late stage (III/IV) disease, which has a five-year survival rate of 11%. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to have an impact on outcomes of several cancer types, including OC. This study aims to investigate any potential association between SES and stage at diagnosis of OC. Methods: Women from the non-screening arm of the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) with a confirmed diagnosis of OC prior to 01 January 2015 and an English index of multiple deprivation (IMD) score were eligible for the study. The association between IMD and OC stage (FIGO) was analysed using an ordinal logistic regression model adjusted for age at diagnosis and BMI. Results: Four-hundred and fifty seven women were eligible for inclusion in the primary analysis. The odds of being diagnosed with the higher dichotomization of stage (I vs. II/III/IV; I/II vs. III/IV; I/II/III vs. IV) was 1.29 (p = 0.017; 95% CI: 1.048–1.592) per unit SD (standard deviation) increase in IMD. This translates to a 29% increase in odds of being diagnosed at the higher stage per each unit SD increase in IMD. Conclusion: Increased deprivation is consistently associated with a higher probability of being diagnosed with later stage OC.

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Dibyo, Sukmanto, Endiah Puji Hastuti, and Ign Djoko Irianto. "ANALISIS DESAIN PROSES SISTEM PENDINGIN PADA REAKTOR RISET INOVATIF 50 MW." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 17, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2015.17.1.2235.

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Reaktor Riset Inovatif (RRI) merupakan jenis MTR (Material Testing Reactor) yang dipersiapkan ke depan sebagai desain reaktor baru. Daya RRI telah ditetapkan dari perhitungan neutronik dan termohidrolika teras yaitu 50 MW termal. Reaktor bertekanan 8 kgf/cm2 dan laju aliran massa pendingin primer 900 kg/s. Tantangan yang penting dalam menindak lanjuti desain reaktor ini adalah analisis desain pada sistem pendingin. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis desain proses sistem pendingin utama reaktor RRI daya 50 MW (RRI-50) dengan menggunakan program Chemcad 6.1.4. Dalam analisis ini dilakukan perhitungan neraca massa dan energi (mass/energy balances) pada sistem pendingin primer dan sekunder sebagai pendingin utama. Masing-masing sistem pendingin tersebut terdiri dari 2 jalur beroperasi secara paralel dan 1 jalur redundansi. Disamping itu untuk desain termal unit komponen telah dianalisis dengan program RELAP5, frenchcreek dan Metoda Analitik. Hasil analisis yang diperoleh adalah desain diagram sistem pendingin yang mencakup data parameter entalpi, temperatur, tekanan dan laju aliran massa pendingin untuk masing-masing jalur. Adapun hasil desain unit komponen utama pada RRI-50 adalah tangki tunda dengan volume 51,5 m3, 2 unit pompa sentrifugal dan 1 unit pompa cadangan pada pendingin primer daya 141 kW/pompa dan pendingin sekunder daya 206 kW/pompa, 2 unit penukar panas tipe shell-tube dengan koefisien termal overall 1377 W/m2.oC dan 4 unit menara pendingin yang mampu melepaskan panas ke udara dengan desain temperatur approach 5,0 oC dan temperatur range 9,0 oC. Desain sistem pendingin reaktor RRI-50 ini telah menetapkan parameter operasi sistem pendingin yaitu temperatur, tekanan dan laju aliran massa pendingin dengan mempertimbangkan tuntutan aspek keselamatan teras reaktor sehingga desain temperatur maksimum pendingin masuk ke teras 44,5 oC. Kata kunci : RRI 50 MW, desain sistem pendingin, program Chemcad 6.1.4 Innovative Research Reactor RRI is a type of MTR (Material Testing Reactor), which is being prepared in the future as a design of new reactor. The power of RRI has been determined based on the core thermalhydraulic and neutronic calculation, which is 50 MWt. The reactor pressure is 8 kgf/cm 2 and coolant mass flow rate is 900 kg/s. The important challenge in the follow up of this reactor design is the design analysis of cooling system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the design of RRI reactor main coolant system at the power of 50 MWt (RRI-50) using ChemCAD 6.1.4. In this analysis the mass and energy balances at the primary and secondary cooling system are calculated as main coolant. Each of the cooling system consists of two lines operating in parallel and redundancy lines. Besides that, the thermal design of the component units have been analyzed using RELAP5, FrenchCreek and Analytical Methods. The analyses result obtained is a design of cooling system diagram which includes parameter of enthalpy, temperature, pressure and coolant mass flow rate of each line. Meanwhile, design result of main component unit are delay tank of 51.5 m3 volume, 2 unit centrifugal pumps and 1 unit stand-by pump for the primary coolant pump each of 141 kW power and secondary coolant pump each of 206 kW power, 2 unit of shell-tube heat exchanger with overall thermal coefficient of 1377 W/m2.oC and 4 unit cooling tower that capable to release the heat to the air at approach temperature of 5,0 oC and range temperature of 9,0 oC. design of reactor coolant system RRI-50 has decided the operating parameters of cooling system are temperature, pressure and mass flow rate by considering into the demands of the safety aspects of the reactor core therefore design of maximum coolant temperature to the reactor core is 44,5 oC. Keywords : RRI 50MW, design of cooling system, program Chemcad 6.1.4.

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McNeil, J. Chase, Jesus G. Vallejo, Eric Y. Kok, Lauren M. Sommer, Kristina G. Hultén, and Sheldon L. Kaplan. "Clinical and Microbiologic Variables Predictive of Orthopedic Complications Following Staphylococcus aureus Acute Hematogenous Osteoarticular Infections in Children." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 11 (February 7, 2019): 1955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz109.

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Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of acute hematogenous osteoarticular infections (AHOAIs) in children. The risk factors for the development of orthopedic complications (OC) after AHOAI are poorly understood. We sought to describe clinical and microbiologic variables present on the index admission that may predict OC in S. aureus AHOAI. Methods Staphylococcus aureus AHOAI cases were identified from 2011–2017 at Texas Children’s Hospital and reviewed for the development of OC. OC included chronic osteomyelitis, growth arrest, avascular necrosis, chronic dislocation, and pathologic fracture. All S. aureus isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and agr group. Results A total of 286 cases were examined of which 27 patients (9.4%) developed OC. Patients who developed OC more often had infection with an agr group III organism (P = .04), bacteremia (P = .04), delayed source control (P < .001), ≥2 surgical procedures (P < .001), intensive care unit admission (P = .09), and fever >4 days after admission (P = .008). There was no association with OC and patient age, methicillin resistance, or choice/route of antibiotics. In multivariable analyses of OC, infection with agr group III S. aureus, prolonged fever, and delayed source control remained statistically significant. Conclusions OC develop following S. aureus AHOAI in 9.4% of cases. Although the development of OC is likely multifactorial, agr group III organisms, prolonged fever, and delayed source control are independently associated with OC. Moreover, early aggressive surgical source control may be beneficial in children with S. aureus AHOAI.

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Akpan, W. A., O. W. Obot, and E. J. Awaka-Ama. "Comparative study of oil recovery improvement by sterilization process using firewood and electricity." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i3.24.

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This study presents a palm fruits sterilization unit that was designed for firewood and electricity independently as sources of energy and its performance was evaluated. 2kg of palm fruit at 100 oC for 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes using steam generated from electricity was evaluated. The yield of the palm fruits was also evaluated at 100 oC for 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes using firewood to cook palm fruits directly in water. Further laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the quality of oil obtained from fresh palm fruits cooked with steam and fresh palm fruits cooked in water. The maximum oil fluid recovery percentage at 100 oC for 120 minutes sterilization time using electricity energy source and firewood energy source were 27.1 and 26.0 % respectively. The experimental result shows that at 100 oC and 90 minutes of sterilization using firewood and electricity, oil released from the digested fibre accounted for 46 % (111.33 g) and 54 % (130.5 g) of the total oil content respectively. The free fatty acid ,content peroxide value and moisture content of the oil sample cooked with steam and in water at 100 oC for 90 minutes were 3.9 %, 8.5 (O2/kg), 0.11 % and 4.4 %, 10.3 (O2/kg), 5.5 % respectively. The boiler efficiency of 99.5% was achieved for the unit. Keywords: Palm fruit, sterilization, oil recovery, boiler, firewood, electricity.

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Langer, M., C. H. Buitrago-Téllez, C. Schulze, H. Gufler, A. Mundinger, and F. Kommos. "Digital Optical Card." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 4-6 (July 1995): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600473.

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Purpose: To assess a patient-oriented digital optical card (OC) for documentation and communication of images using the analysis of breast microcalcifications to illustrate its resolution power. Methods: Fifty film mammograms with histologically proved clustered microcalcifications were digitized using a 5 lp/mm CCD-scanner. A region of interest containing the cluster was selected for documentation on an OC as an overview OC-image and as a magnified OC-image (5 lp/mm). The shape (spherical/nonspherical) as well as the total number of microcalcifications were quantitatively analyzed by 2 radiologists. Results: The detection rate for total number of overall and spherical microcalcifications using digital media was significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to analog mammography. There were no significant differences in the detection rate of nonspherical microcalcifications between film mammograms (100%) and magnified section OC-images (92.7%). The overview OC-image revealed 72% of those calcifications (p<0.01). Conclusion: According to our results, this technology is not appropriate for diagnosis of breast microcalcifications, but may be a promising communication digital medium for transmitting an image/report unit to referring physicians.

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Kanazawa, Ippei, Toru Yamaguchi, Mika Yamauchi, Masahiro Yamamoto, Soichi Kurioka, Shozo Yano, and Toshitsugu Sugimoto. "Adiponectin Is Associated with Changes in Bone Markers during Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 3031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2008-2187.

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Objective: Although several experiments show that adiponectin is associated with bone metabolism, a relationship between adiponectin and bone markers is still unclear. We monitored chronological changes in hyperglycemia, serum adiponectin, and bone markers during glycemic control in type 2 diabetes and analyzed relationships among these parameters. Subjects and Results: A total of 50 Japanese patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes [initial hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) = 10.0 ± 2.5%] were recruited, and biochemical data were collected before and after glycemic control for a month. Of bone formation markers, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was decreased with a mean change of −3.11 [95% confidence interval (CI), −5.03 to −1.20; P < 0.01], whereas osteocalcin (OC) was increased with a mean change of 1.94 (95% CI, 1.45–2.42; P < 0.001) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC)/OC ratio was decreased with a mean change of −0.15 (95% CI, −0.27 to −0.03; P < 0.01). Although adiponectin level was not significantly different before and after glycemic control, baseline adiponectin level, but not HbA1c, was positively correlated with changes in OC, ucOC, and urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (uNTX) (r = 0.30, P =0.04; r = 0.32, P = 0.03; and r = 0.36, P = 0.01, respectively). Changes in adiponectin were also negatively correlated with changes in OC and uNTX (r = −0.42, P < 0.01; and r = −0.38, P < 0.01, respectively). Changes in HbA1c were negatively correlated with changes in OC (r = −0.30, P = 0.03). Conclusion: These findings show that treatments for hyperglycemia enhance OC level and suggest that serum adiponectin level before starting to compensate poorly controlled diabetics could predict the subsequent improvement of bone remodeling markers during glycemic control.

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Narikiyo, Kimiya, Hiroyuki Manabe, and Kensaku Mori. "Sharp wave-associated synchronized inputs from the piriform cortex activate olfactory tubercle neurons during slow-wave sleep." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00535.2013.

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During slow-wave sleep, anterior piriform cortex neurons show highly synchronized discharges that accompany olfactory cortex sharp waves (OC-SPWs). The OC-SPW-related synchronized activity of anterior piriform cortex neurons travel down to the olfactory bulb and is thought to be involved in the reorganization of bulbar neuronal circuitry. However, influences of the OC-SPW-related activity on other regions of the central olfactory system are still unknown. Olfactory tubercle is an area of OC and part of ventral striatum that plays a key role in reward-directed motivational behaviors. In this study, we show that in freely behaving rats, olfactory tubercle receives OC-SPW-associated synchronized inputs during slow-wave sleep. Local field potentials in the olfactory tubercle showed SPW-like activities that were in synchrony with OC-SPWs. Single-unit recordings showed that a subpopulation of olfactory tubercle neurons discharged in synchrony with OC-SPWs. Furthermore, correlation analysis of spike activity of anterior piriform cortex and olfactory tubercle neurons revealed that the discharges of anterior piriform cortex neurons tended to precede those of olfactory tubercle neurons. Current source density analysis in urethane-anesthetized rats indicated that the current sink of the OC-SPW-associated input was located in layer III of the olfactory tubercle. These results indicate that OC-SPW-associated synchronized discharges of piriform cortex neurons travel to the deep layer of the olfactory tubercle and drive discharges of olfactory tubercle neurons. The entrainment of olfactory tubercle neurons in the OC-SPWs suggests that OC-SPWs coordinate reorganization of neuronal circuitry across wide areas of the central olfactory system including olfactory tubercle during slow-wave sleep.

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Xiao, Nan, Liu Qian, Jiamin Cao, Xiaojuan Zhao, Aihong Han, and Liming Ding. "A zigzag fused-ring building block for polymer solar cells." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 6 (2016): 4895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj00067c.

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Ismail, S. K., L. Norris, L. Kelly, and J. R. Higgins. "OC-06 Effects of low-molecular-weight heparin within the Uteroplacental Unit." Thrombosis Research 131 (January 2013): S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0049-3848(13)70032-x.

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Ray, S., and K. Hills. "OC-002 Team simulation training for medical emergencies in the endoscopy unit." Gut 61, Suppl 2 (May 28, 2012): A1.2—A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302514a.2.

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Ushio, Shoji, Tatsuya Karaki, Kenta Hagiwara, Noboru Ohtani, and Tadaaki Kaneko. "Surface Phase Diagram of 4H-SiC {0001} Step-Terrace Structures during Si-Vapor Etching in a TaC Crucible." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.573.

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Step-terrace structures were observed at on-axis/4o off 4H-SiC {0001} surfaces after Si-vapor etching which we have been supposed as an original technique to planarize and etch the SiC surfaces by utilizing a TaC crucible in temperature ranged from 1600 to 2200 oC. The structures obtained after the Si-vapor etching obviously indicated temperature dependence. There were two types of step-terrace structures in terms of the step height and the shape of the step edges at on-axis surfaces. Step bunched surfaces consisting of full unit cell height (= 1.0 nm) steps with {1-10n} facets at the step edges were observed at 4H-SiC (0001) in lower temperatures below 2000 oC, while smooth isotropic surfaces with half unit cell height (= 0.5 nm) steps and without any stable facets at the step edges were observed at 4H-SiC (0001) in higher temperatures above 2000 oC and in all temperature conditions (1600 - 2200 oC) at 4H-SiC (000-1). Similar tendency was also confirmed at 4o off 4H-SiC {0001} surfaces. From the comparison with 6H-SiC, macro step bunching (~10 nm height) was revealed to be a unique phenomenon at 4H-SiC (0001) surface in the etching.

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Doyle, Stephanie E., Finn Snow, Serena Duchi, Cathal D. O’Connell, Carmine Onofrillo, Claudia Di Bella, and Elena Pirogova. "3D Printed Multiphasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair: Challenges and Opportunities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 12420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212420.

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Osteochondral (OC) defects are debilitating joint injuries characterized by the loss of full thickness articular cartilage along with the underlying calcified cartilage through to the subchondral bone. While current surgical treatments can provide some relief from pain, none can fully repair all the components of the OC unit and restore its native function. Engineering OC tissue is challenging due to the presence of the three distinct tissue regions. Recent advances in additive manufacturing provide unprecedented control over the internal microstructure of bioscaffolds, the patterning of growth factors and the encapsulation of potentially regenerative cells. These developments are ushering in a new paradigm of ‘multiphasic’ scaffold designs in which the optimal micro-environment for each tissue region is individually crafted. Although the adoption of these techniques provides new opportunities in OC research, it also introduces challenges, such as creating tissue interfaces, integrating multiple fabrication techniques and co-culturing different cells within the same construct. This review captures the considerations and capabilities in developing 3D printed OC scaffolds, including materials, fabrication techniques, mechanical function, biological components and design.

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Liu, Zhe, Deyu Liu, Weiye Chen, Junyi Wang, Feng Li, Di Wang, Yonghai Li, Mingliang Sun, and Renqiang Yang. "Asymmetric 2D benzodithiophene and quinoxaline copolymer for photovoltaic applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 27 (2017): 6798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01329a.

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Francisco, Inês, Francisco Caramelo, Maria Helena Fernandes, and Francisco Vale. "Parental Risk Factors and Child Birth Data in a Matched Year and Sex Group Cleft Population: A Case-Control Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094615.

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(1) Background: The etiology of orofacial cleft (OC) is not completely known but several genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified. Moreover, a knowledge gap still persists regarding neonatal characteristics. This study evaluated the effect of parental age and mothers’ body mass index on the risk of having an OC child, in a matched year and sex group (cleft/healthy control). Additionally, birth data were analyzed between groups. (2) Methods: 266 individuals born between 1995 to 2015 were evaluated: 133 OC individuals (85 males/48 females) and 133 control (85 males/48 females). A logistic model was used for the independent variables. ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparison between the OC phenotypes. (3) Results: Regarding statistically significant parental related factors, the probability of having a cleft child decreases for each maternal year increase (odds ratio = 0.903) and increases for each body mass index unit (kg/m2) increase (odds ratio = 1.14). On the child data birth, for each mass unit (kg) increase, the probability of having a cleft child decrease (odds ratio = 0.435). (4) Conclusions: In this study, only maternal body mass index and maternal age found statistical differences in the risk of having a cleft child. In the children’s initial data, the cleft group found a higher risk of having a lower birth weight but no relation was found regarding length and head circumference.

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Zhu, Xiaojun, Jingong Cai, Yongshi Wang, Huimin Liu, and Shoupeng Zhang. "Evolution of organic-mineral interactions and implications for organic carbon occurrence and transformation in shale." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 3-4 (July 25, 2019): 784–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35223.1.

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Abstract Organic-mineral interactions are pervasive in sedimentary environments; however, the extent of these interactions is not constant and has a significant impact on organic carbon (OC) occurrence and transformation. To understand the evolution of organic-mineral interactions and the implications for OC occurrence and transformation in fine-grained sediments, several shale samples were selected and subjected to physical and chemical sequential treatments. The samples were subjected to pyrolysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), and adsorption measurements to determine the organic parameters and the mineral surface area (MSA) of the shale samples. The results show that the organic fractions derived from sequential treatments have varying pyrolysis and FTIR characteristics. The correlation between the total OC content and MSA is positive, but it is split according to organic fractions with different attributes. Correlations between the different organic fractions and MSA indicate that the organic matter in shale is mainly adsorbed on mineral surfaces, while a certain portion of organic matter occurs in the pores and is adsorbed on the organic-mineral aggregates, suggesting variable interactions between the organic fractions with different attributes and minerals. From the pyrolysis and FTIR analysis, the organic fractions of different occurrence sites vary in their OC proportion, proclivity to form organic functional groups, and hydrocarbon generation potential. With increasing burial depth, the MSA and hydrogen index as well as OC loading per unit MSA are reduced, and the OC proportions of organic fractions with different attributes have regular trends. These observations indicate that the extent of organic-mineral interactions that can stabilize organic matter gradually decreases, resulting in transformation of the tightly mineral-combined OC into free OC. Our work reveals the heterogeneity in organic matter occurrence and the effect of the evolution of the organic-mineral interactions on OC occurrence and transformation, which is significant in the global carbon cycle and in petroleum systems.

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Li, Yu Jiang, Zhen Ping Wu, Yue Hua An, Guo Feng Wang, Chang Long Sun, Yao Ting Huang, Pei Gang Li, Ling Hong Li, and Wei Hua Tang. "Influence of Nitrogen Atmosphere Annealing on Structural and Transport Properties of Fe_1.125Te." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 1234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.1234.

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Fe1.125Te alloys had been synthesized by solid state reaction methods. The effects of nitrogen annealing on Fe1.125Te lattice structure and physical properties had been studied. It was found that the lattice constants a and c increased after annealed at temperature 400~600 oC. When the temperature is above 850 oC, the size of the unit cell returns to the similar size of original samples. The step-like magnetic-thermal curves were observed after annealed at 900 oC, which is associated with two magnetic transitions. In vacuum, the transition temperatures are 122 K and 128 K, while in the nitrogen, they are 122 K and 138 K. The resistance-temperature curves indicate a semiconductor to metal transition around 69 K for N2 atmosphere.

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JEYARAMAN, S., S. SUBRAMANIAN, and S. R. SREE RANGASWAMY. "Influence of weather parameters at the crop growth stages on seed yield of soybean." MAUSAM 41, no. 4 (February 24, 2022): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v41i4.2786.

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Soybean is gaining importance in India. Identifying suitable soybean growing seasons necessitates for exploiting maximum yield potential in specific location. A time of sowing experiment with soybean var. Co. I was conducted to find the best time of sowing in summer and monsoon wet seasons at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The influence of Weather parameters prevailed during critical crop growth stages and whole cropping period on seed yield of soybean was studied. The production potential of soybean crop can be increased when grown in seasons having the maximum temperature of 31.2 OC to 31.6 OC, minimum temperature of 20.4 OC to 20.9OC, cumulative heat unit values of 1274 to 1292 and total bright sunshine hours of 383 to 456 for the whole cropping period.

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Cao, Jiamin, Liu Qian, and Liming Ding. "A heptacyclic acceptor unit developed for D–A copolymers used in polymer solar cells." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 5 (2016): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01761k.

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32

Giraud, Carole, Sandra Manceau, Mehdi Oualha, Hélène Chappuy, Agnès Mogenet, Patrick Duchêne, Sarah Ducrocq, Philippe Hubert, and Jean M. Treluyer. "High Levels and Safety of Oseltamivir Carboxylate Plasma Concentrations after Nasogastric Administration in Critically Ill Children in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 1 (October 11, 2010): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00813-10.

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ABSTRACTDuring the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemics, the concentrations of oseltamivir (O) and its active metabolite (oseltamivir carboxylate [OC]) were determined in 11 children (1 month to 16 years of age) admitted to intensive care units for presumed severe H1N1 infection. They received oseltamivir phosphate (OP) nasogastrically at doses between 1.5 and 6.8 mg/kg of body weight. High OC concentrations were found, with a mean level of 678 ± 535 μg/liter. The mean OP concentration was 27 ± 52 μg/liter. No marked side effect was reported.

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Schobeiri, T. "Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Design Study of Single and Double-Inflow Radial and Single-Stage Axial Steam Turbines for Open-Cycle Thermal Energy Conversion Net Power-Producing Experiment Facility in Hawaii." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 112, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905711.

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The results of the study of the optimum thermo-fluid dynamic design concept are presented for turbine units operating within the open-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OC-OTEC) systems. The concept is applied to the first OC-OTEC net power producing experiment (NPPE) facility to be installed at Hawaii’s Natural Energy Laboratory. Detailed efficiency and performance calculations were performed for the radial turbine design concept with single and double-inflow arrangements. To complete the study, the calculation results for a single-stage axial steam turbine design are also presented. In contrast to the axial flow design with a relatively low unit efficiency, higher efficiency was achieved for single-inflow turbines. Highest efficiency was calculated for a double-inflow radial design, which opens new perspectives for energy generation from OC-OTEC systems.

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Massabò, Dario, Alessandro Altomari, Virginia Vernocchi, and Paolo Prati. "Two-wavelength thermal–optical determination of light-absorbing carbon in atmospheric aerosols." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 3173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3173-2019.

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Abstract. Thermal–optical analysis is widely adopted for the quantitative determination of total (TC), organic (OC), and elemental (EC) carbon in atmospheric aerosol sampled by suitable filters. Nevertheless, the methodology suffers from several uncertainties and artifacts such as the well-known issue of charring affecting the OC–EC separation. In the standard approach, the effect of the possible presence of brown carbon, BrC, in the sample is neglected. BrC is a fraction of OC, usually produced by biomass burning with a thermic behavior intermediate between OC and EC. BrC is optically active: it shows an increasing absorbance when the wavelength moves to the blue–UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Definitively, the thermal–optical characterization of carbonaceous aerosol should be reconsidered to address the possible BrC content in the sample under analysis. We introduce here a modified Sunset Lab Inc. EC–OC analyzer. Starting from a standard commercial instrument, the unit has been modified at the physics department of the University of Genoa (Italy), making possible the alternative use of the standard laser diode at λ=635 nm and of a new laser diode at λ=405 nm. In this way, the optical transmittance through the sample can be monitored at both wavelengths. Since at shorter wavelengths the BrC absorbance is higher, a better sensitivity to this species is gained. The modified instrument also gives the possibility to quantify the BrC concentration in the sample at both wavelengths. The new unit has been thoroughly tested, with both artificial and real-world aerosol samples: the first experiment, in conjunction with the multi-wavelength absorbance analyzer (MWAA; Massabò et al., 2013, 2015), resulted in the first direct determination of the BrC mass absorption coefficient (MAC) at λ=405 nm: MAC =23±1 m2 g−1.

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Busran. "PENDETEKSI SUHU TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR INFRARED MLX90614 SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI PADANG." Jurnal Teknoif Teknik Informatika Institut Teknologi Padang 9, no. 2 (December 10, 2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21063/jtif.2021.v9.2.59-63.

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Suhu tubuh merupakan tanda keadaan seseorang sehat atau tidak. Untuk mengetahui suhu tubuh dibutuhkan termometer tubuh. Pada umumnya alat ini membutuhkan sentuhan langsung dan waktu paling cepat satu atau dua menit untuk mendapatkan pembacaan suhu tubuh manusia. Terlebih di masa pandemi covid-19 diperlukan pengecekan suhu tubuh tanpa kontak langsung sebagai pendeteksian dini pencegahan penularan covid-19. Tujuan Penelitian ini merancang alat yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi suhu tubuh guna membantu penerapan protokol kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan covid-19 yang ada di lingkungan Institut Teknologi Padang. Suhu dideteksi menggunakan sensor infrared mlx90614 didekatkan pada bagian tubuh yang paling mengeluarkan panas misalnya dahi dan tangan. Hasil pada pendeteksian suhu diperoleh data dalam satuan derajat celcius (c), sehingga didapatkan data yang akan digunakan sebagai patokan penggunaan alat yaitu (35,30 oC - 28,71 oC = 6,59 oC). Data yang telah didapatkan dimasukkan pada program yang disimpan dalam arduino untuk pemrosesannya, selanjutnya dengan arduino sebagai unit pemprosesan akan mengirim data pada raspberry pi dan menghasilkan output yang dimana jika suhu berada di bawah 37,5 oc maka akan menampilkan data pada lcd dan mengaktifkan desinfektan dan pintu otomatis. Sedangkan jika suhu diatas 37,5 oc, buzzer akan berbunyi dan menampilkan data pada LCD. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa alat yang dirancang dapat mendeteksi suhu tubuh sesuai dengan protokol kesehatan di lingkungan Institut Teknologi Padang.

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36

Sandim, Hugo Ricardo Zschommler, B. F. S. Matos, G. S. Fonseca, and Paulo Rangel Rios. "Microstructural Path of Recrystallization in an Electron Beam Melted Ta-10wt% Alloy." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.513.

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The recrystallization of an electron beam melted Ta-10wt%W alloy deformed by cold swaging with reductions in area of 41 and 95% and annealed between 1300 oC and 1700 oC is quantitatively described. The recrystallized volume fraction and the interface area per unit of volume are measured. From these quantities the microstructural path is analyzed. Based on the available measurements the nucleation and growth of recrystallization in this alloy is discussed. The kinetic analysis is difficult in this case due to the large initial grain size of the specimens.

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37

Li, Hairong, Shuangyong Sun, Subodh Mhaisalkar, Melvin T. Zin, Yeng Ming Lam, and Andrew C. Grimsdale. "A high voltage solar cell using a donor–acceptor conjugated polymer based on pyrrolo[3,4-f]-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5,7-dione." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 42 (2014): 17925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta01248h.

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38

He, Baitian, Qingwu Yin, Xiye Yang, Liqian Liu, Xiao-Fang Jiang, Jie Zhang, Fei Huang, and Yong Cao. "Non-fullerene polymer solar cells with VOC > 1 V based on fluorinated quinoxaline unit conjugated polymers." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 34 (2017): 8774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc02915b.

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39

Wen, Shuguang, Manjun Xiao, Wenfei Shen, Chuantao Gu, Dangqiang Zhu, and Renqiang Yang. "Incorporating a vertical BDT unit in conjugated polymers for drastically improving the open-circuit voltage of polymer solar cells." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 6 (2016): 5300–5305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj03717d.

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40

Primasari, Putri Intan, Dwi Murtiastutik, Pepy Dwi Endraswari, Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa, and Evy Ervianti. "Comparison of In Vitro Testing Antifungal Activity between Rosemary Essentials Oil and Fluconazol on Candida species Isolate from HIV/AIDS Patients with Candidiasis Oral." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 32, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v32.3.2020.182-188.

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Background: The most common opportunistic infection obtained in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is Oral Candidiasis (OC). Currently widely reported about increased fluconazole resistance, as a therapy that is often used in patients with HIV/AIDS with OC. For this reason, effective antifungal agents are needed as alternative therapies. Several studies have reported some antifungal activity from rosemary essential oils. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antifungal activity between rosemary essential oils and fluconazole against the isolates used by Candida sp. taken from HIV / AIDS patients with OC. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory study with a post-test only design of 40 Candida sp. isolates from HIV / AIDS patients with OC in the Outpatient Unit and Inpatient Installation of the Infectious Disease Intermediate Care Unit (UPIPI) Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya. Examination of antifungal activity using conventional test methods with disk diffusion. Result: Disk diffusion test result revealed average inhibition zone of rosemary essential oil in Candida albicans 1,75±3,64 mm and Candida non-albicans 1,5±3,08 mm, while the average inhibition zone of fluconazole in Candida albicans 17,9±8,62 mm and Candida non-albicans 4,85±7,9 mm. There was significant difference (p <0.001) between the inhibition zone formed in Candida albicans by fluconazole and rosemary essential oil, but no significant difference of inhibition zone formed in Candida non-albicans. Conclusion: Antifungal activity fluconazole has greater than Rosemary essential oils in Candida albicans.

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41

Sunanto, Sunanto, Rahmat Firdaus, and Makmur Setiawan Siregar. "Implementasi Logika Fuzzy Mamdani Pada Kendali Suhu dan Kelembaban Ruang Server." Jurnal CoSciTech (Computer Science and Information Technology) 2, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/coscitech.v2i2.3362.

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Server adalah suatu computer yang digunakan untuk melayani berbagai sistem untuk computer client seperti layanan web server, mail server, proxy server dan database server. Server hidup selama 24 jam untuk melayani aplikasi dari sistem permintaan computer client. Server biasanya diletakan diruangan khusus tidak tergabung dengan ruangan kerja lain. Suhu pada ruangan server berada pada 21 – 23 oC atau sekitar 70 – 74 oF, dengan kelembaban bernilai 45 -65 % (Relatif Humadity), untuk mempertahankan suhu tersebut banyak operator ruang server memasang AC 2 Pk sebanyak 3 unit dengan kondisi set suhu pada 21 oC. Jika 3 unit AC diatur pada posisi 21 oC maka terjadilah pengebunan dan kelembaban yang tinggi. Nilai kelembaban tersebut akan di konversi menjadi air pada suhu ruangan yang tidak stabil mengakitbatkan terjadinya banyak genangan air pada motherboard server sehingga terjadi kerusakan pada perangkat server. Jika terjadi hal yang sebalik dilakukan tanpa memasang pendingin ruangan dengan kinerja server yang hidup selama 24 jam maka akan mengakibatkan terjadinya kerusakan pada komponen elektronika pada motherboard server tersebut. Server akan hidup normal pada suhu yang telah ditetapkan agar ruangan server terjaga pada kondisi suhu 21-23 oC dan kelembaban sebesar 45 - 65%. maka diperlukan kendali suhu ruangan yang dapat memantau kondisi ruangan server secara real time berbasis embedded system menggunakan logika fuzzy dengan inferensi system mamdani. Sistem akan bekerja dengan input suhu dan kelembaban sedangkan outputnya menggunakan nilai rpm heater dan rpm coolant pada satu mesin jika kelembaban meningkat hearter system akan hidup sedangkan jika suhu tinggi maka rpm coolant akan hidup.

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42

Ding, Zicheng, Xiaojing Long, Chuandong Dou, Jun Liu, and Lixiang Wang. "A polymer acceptor with an optimal LUMO energy level for all-polymer solar cells." Chemical Science 7, no. 9 (2016): 6197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc01756h.

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A new polymer acceptor based on the BNBP unit with an optimal LUMO energy level has been developed. The resulting all-polymer solar cells show high PCEs, remarkably highV_ocvalues and small photon energy losses.

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43

Tao, Qiang, Tao Liu, Linrui Duan, Yufeng Cai, Wenjing Xiong, Pu Wang, Hua Tan, et al. "Wide bandgap copolymers with vertical benzodithiophene dicarboxylate for high-performance polymer solar cells with an efficiency up to 7.49%." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 48 (2016): 18792–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07364f.

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A novel vertical carboxylate functionalized benzodithiophene unit was designed as an election-accepting block to build D–A type copolymers, and a high V_oc of 1.03 V and a significant PCE of 7.49% were achieved.

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44

Zhang, Hongtao, Yongtao Liu, Yanna Sun, Miaomiao Li, Bin Kan, Xin Ke, Qian Zhang, Xiangjian Wan, and Yongsheng Chen. "Developing high-performance small molecule organic solar cells via a large planar structure and an electron-withdrawing central unit." Chemical Communications 53, no. 2 (2017): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc07927j.

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We designed and synthesized a new small molecule donor material named DR3TBDD using an electron-withdrawing unit BDD as the central building block. A PCE of 9.53% with a highV_ocof around 1 V was achieved.

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45

Germanà, B., L. G. Cavallaro, A. Giacomin, A. Gabbrielli, L. Frulloni, and M. Saia. "OC.07.6: The Impact of Specialistic Gastroenterologic Unit on the Outcome of Acute Pancreatitis." Digestive and Liver Disease 49 (March 2017): e95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(17)30339-0.

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46

Cao, Jiamin, Liu Qian, Futai Lu, Jianqi Zhang, Yaqing Feng, Xiaohui Qiu, Hin-Lap Yip, and Liming Ding. "A lactam building block for efficient polymer solar cells." Chemical Communications 51, no. 59 (2015): 11830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc03620h.

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A D–A conjugated polymer (PThBDTP) based on a new lactam acceptor unit (BDTP) was synthesized and inverted solar cells based on PThBDTP/PC₇₁BM achieved a high PCE of 9.13% with a highV_ocof 0.96 V.

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47

Kohl, Julia, and Dennis Wiedemann. "(OC-6-13)-Difluoridooxidobis(propan-2-ol)(propan-2-olato)vanadium(V)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, no. 12 (November 8, 2013): 1482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113029776.

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The distorted octahedral title complex, [VV(C3H7O)(C3H8O)2F2O], was synthesizedvialigand exchange at [VVO(OiPr)3] with aqueous hydrogen fluoride in propan-2-ol and crystallized from (D)chloroform at 238 K after a few weeks. Crystal structure determination shows twoC1-symmetric moieties to be present in the asymmetric unit, forming infinite chains along [100]viahydrogen bonds. The compound provides the first crystal structure containing the [VF2O(OiPr)] motif.

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48

Ufie, Rikhard. "KAJI EKSPERIMENTAL PEMANFAATAN KALOR BUANGAN KONDENSOR UNTUK KEBUTUHAN PENGERINGAN." ALE Proceeding 1 (July 18, 2021): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ale.1.2018.102-107.

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Abstrak Kaji eksperimental pemanfaatan kalor buangan kondensor untuk kebutuhan pengeringan telah diteliti. Proses pendinginan dengan mesin refrigerasi siklus uap dimana kalor yang masuk ke sistem berasal dari beban pendinginan ditambah kalor hasil kerja kompresi dari kompresor biasanya dibuang ke lingkungan. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji kemungkinan pemanfaatan kalor yang dibuang ke lingkungan tersebut dengan cara pengembangan prototipe pendinginan dan pengeringan terpadu. Selain itu diharapkan akan diperoleh efek pendinginan bagi produk tertentu melalui kerja evaporator dan efek pengeringan melalui kerja kondensor. Unit pendinginan dan pengeringan terpadu menggunakan Freon R-22 dengan daya kompresor 0.5 hp (0.368 kW) dengan produk pendinginan yakni massa air 32 kg. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pada temperatur kondensasi 48.3 oC diperoleh temperatur lemari pengering rata-rata 37.8 oC dengan kapasitas pemanasan 914.6 W yaitu dimana ratio kompresi 6.98 dengan tekanan evaporasi 38.6 psia dan temperatur evaporasi -18.5 oC. Pada beban kerja sebesar 613.057 W diperoleh daya kompresi terpakai 307.6 W dengan COP sebesar 1.99, sedangkan laju kalor yang dilepas kondensor sebesar 920.72 W.

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49

Bittner, Astrid, Detlef Männig, and Heinrich Nöth. "Solutions of Aluminium Trichloride in Tetramethylurea and the Molecular Structure of an Aluminium Trichloride Tetramethylurea Adduct." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 41, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1986-0510.

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Abstract Aluminium trichloride forms a 1:1 addition product with tetramethylurea (1) the structure of which has been determined by X-ray methods. Tetramethylurea is bound to the AlCl3 unit via its oxygen atom; consequently, a lengthening of the CO bond is observed. The (CH3)2N units are less twisted relative to the OCN2 plane than in the free ligand. Solutions of AlCl3·OC(NMe2)2 in diethylether contain both the initial molecular adduct 1 and the ether adduct AlCl3·OEt2. In tetramethyl urea, compound 1 dissociates predominantly into the ions AlCl4- and {Cl2Al[OC(NMe2)2]2}+ . These solutions have been studied by 27Al NMR spectroscopy.

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50

Schoedel, Kerri A. "Reduced Cognitive and Psychomotor Impairment with Extended-Release Oxymorphone Versus Controlled-Release Oxycodone." Pain Physician 6;13, no. 6;12 (December 14, 2010): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2010/13/561.

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Background: Opioids provide effective pain control, yet have risks including adverse events (AEs) (e.g., constipation, nausea/vomiting, sedation) and cognitive/psychomotor effects. Objective: To compare cognitive and psychomotor effects of oxymorphone extended release (OM-ER) versus oxycodone controlled release (OC-CR). Study design: Randomized, double-blind, 5-way crossover Setting: Single inpatient research unit Methods: Nondependent recreational opioid users were administered single intact oral tablets of placebo, OM-ER (15 and 30 mg), and OC-CR (30 and 60 mg), separated by a 7- to 21-day washout. The divided attention (DA) test measured psychomotor impairment (e.g., manual tracking [e.g., percentage over road], target accuracy [e.g., target hits], reaction time [hit latency]). Visual analog scales measured alertness/drowsiness, agitation/relaxation, and dizziness. Sedative, stimulant, and dysphoric effects were measured using the Addiction Research Center Inventory PentobarbitalChlorpromazine-Alcohol (PCAG), Benzedrine Group (BG), and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) scales, respectively. Comparisons were made between equianalgesic doses (OM-ER 15 mg vs OCCR 30 mg; OM-ER 30 mg vs OC-CR 60 mg), within active drug doses, and between active drugs and placebo using least squares (LS) mean difference of the peak maximum (Emax) or minimum (Emin) effect using linear mixed model analysis of covariance. Results: Thirty-five participants received all 5 treatments. Peak cognitive and psychomotor impairment (LS mean [SE]) was less with OM-ER than equianalgesic doses of OC-CR for reaction time (Emax hit latency, longer if impaired; 571.2 [13.4] vs 588.1 ms [13.4], P=0.03 for OM-ER 15 mg vs OC-CR 30 mg, respectively; 572.4 [13.4] vs 604.3 ms [13.4], P<0.001 for OM-ER 30 mg vs OC-CR 60 mg, respectively); tracking accuracy (Emin percentage over road, lower if impaired; 71.4 [2.4] vs 65.3 [2.4], P=0.007; 69.9 [2.4] vs 59.4 [2.4], P<0.001), and target accuracy (Emin target hits percentage, lower if impaired; 81.0 [3.1] vs 74.5 [3.1], P=0.02; 79.4 [3.1] vs 66.1 [3.1], P<0.001). Several other DA measures showed that OC-CR, especially 60 mg, produced more psychomotor impairment than equianalgesic OM-ER. Compared to OM-ER, OC-CR produced more dizziness (Emax, P<0.001 for OM-ER 15 mg vs OC-CR 30 mg and for OM-ER 30 mg vs OC-CR 60 mg), drowsiness (Emax, P<0.001 for both equianalgesic dose groups), relaxation (Emin, P=0.003 for OM-ER 15 mg vs OC-CR 30 mg; P=0.001 for OM-ER 30 mg vs OC-CR 60 mg), dysphoria (Emax LSD, P<0.001 for both equianalgesic dose groups), and sedation (Emax, PCAG; P<0.001 for both equianalgesic dose groups) and less stimulation (BG, Emin; P=0.01 for OM-ER 15 mg vs OC-CR mg; P<0.001 for OM-ER 30 mg vs OC-CR 60 mg). Several AEs occurred more commonly with OC-CR than OM-ER (e.g., euphoria, nausea, somnolence, vomiting, dizziness). Limitations: Participants were young, healthy volunteer nondependent recreational drug users, and only single doses were evaluated. The effects of tampering or higher doses were not assessed. Conclusions: Single oral intact low and high doses of OM-ER produced less cognitive and psychomotor impairment plus less sedation than equianalgesic OC-CR in this exploratory study. ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT00955110 Key words: opioid, cognitive effects, psychomotor effects, sedation, dysphoria, oxymorphone, oxycodone, long-acting opioids

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