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Статті в журналах з теми "Observer studies"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

He, X., B. Gallas, F. Samuelson, B. Sahiner, and K. Myers. "Are Radiologists Ideal Observers? --Evidence from Observer Studies in Radiology." Journal of Vision 13, no. 9 (July 25, 2013): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.751.

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2

Gur, David, Howard E. Rockette, Glenn S. Maitz, Jill L. King, Amy H. Klym, and Andriy I. Bandos. "Variability in Observer Performance Studies." Academic Radiology 12, no. 12 (December 2005): 1527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2005.08.010.

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3

Bruce, Nigel G., A. Gerald Shaper, Mary Walker, and Goya Wannamethee. "Observer bias in blood pressure studies." Journal of Hypertension 6, no. 5 (May 1988): 375???380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-198805000-00006.

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4

Chakraborty, Dev. "Statistical Power in Observer-Performance Studies." Academic Radiology 9, no. 2 (February 2002): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(03)80164-2.

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5

Lemesle, Hélène. "« Observer la banlieue, c'est observer l'amphibie »." Histoire urbaine 8, no. 2 (2003): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhu.008.0087.

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6

Wehner, Eugen. "Live-cell studies with the Axio Observer." Nature Methods 3, no. 12 (November 20, 2006): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth980.

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7

Taranger, John, and Birger Trollfors. "ON OBSERVER ERRORS IN PERTUSSIS VACCINE STUDIES." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 16, no. 9 (September 1997): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199709000-00022.

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8

Cherry, James D. "ON OBSERVER ERRORS IN PERTUSSIS VACCINE STUDIES." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 16, no. 9 (September 1997): 914–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199709000-00023.

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9

Al-Azami, Usaama. "Observing the Observer." American Journal of Islam and Society 30, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v30i3.1100.

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Анотація:

This excellent study brings together a number of widely regarded Western scholars of Islam as contributors on the nature and history of Islamic studies in the American academy. This compilation is part of “The State of Islamic Studies in American Universities,” a research project undertaken by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and the Center for Islam and Public Policy (CIPP) between 2004 and 2007. Its findings were first made available in draft form on IIIT’s website in 2009 (http://iiit.org/iiitftp/ PDF%27s/Islamic-Studies. pdf), where it remains as of writing this review. That draft appears to have been substantially complete, and one wonders why it took three years to remove a chapter and then add a more refined introduction, a short conclusion, and a bibliography. Still, its earlier online availability (free of charge) means that one cannot be too critical of its delayed publication. This volume brings together some major names in Western Islamic studies, including Seyyed Hossein Nasr, John Voll, Farid Esack, and Saba Mahmood, and represents important reflections on the state of the field as an academic endeavor. Ten essays, varying in length from eleven pages to ones almost four times that length, are preceded by a useful introduction and conclusion, both of which concisely summarize noteworthy aspects of each essay and can serve as a valuable overview for the rushed reader. The study includes essays of both a qualitative and quantitative nature, which are generally of high quality. The editors state that they seek to inform the lay reader as well as scholars in the field, but also feel that the “data and analyses […] will be immensely valuable for educational planners and administrators who are interested in strengthening programs of Islamic studies in institutions of higher learning” (p. xxvii). Given the constraints of space, I restrict serious reflection to only a handful of the rich essays ...

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10

Warren, David H. "Observing the Observer." American Journal of Islam and Society 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v30i1.1155.

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This publication, a collection of ten essays incorporating both quantitative andqualitative studies, has emerged as part of a lengthy research project conductedby the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and the Center for Islamand Public Policy (CIPP) beginning in 2004 and concluding in 2007. Naturally,given the state of relations between the United States and those countries perceivedas comprising the “Muslim World,” as well as regular controversies andscandals relating to the American Muslim minority and those who purport toobserve, study, and teach others about them and their religion, such a study isparticularly welcome. The studies included are aimed at both students and specialists,not only in the field of “Islamic studies” itself, but also more broadlywith regard to such related academic fields as theology and anthropology. Anotheraudience is the more general interested reader who might wish to learnwhat may (or may not) have changed in that field attacked so successfully inEdward Said’s great polemic, that its title Orientalism ultimately entered Islamicstudies as a truly condemnatory and pejorative slogan ...

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11

Reynolds, Larry J., and Joan Burbick. "The Seer as Observer." American Quarterly 40, no. 3 (September 1988): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2712958.

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12

Hardesty, Lara A., Marie A. Ganott, Christiane M. Hakim, Cathy S. Cohen, Ronald J. Clearfield, and David Gur. "“Memory effect” in observer performance studies of mammograms1." Academic Radiology 12, no. 3 (March 2005): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2004.11.026.

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13

Burgess, Arthur E. "Visual Perception Studies and Observer Models in Medical Imaging." Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 41, no. 6 (November 2011): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2011.06.005.

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14

Haber, Michael, Jingjing Gao, and Huiman X. Barnhart. "Assessing Observer Agreement in Studies Involving Replicated Binary Observations." Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 17, no. 4 (July 2, 2007): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10543400701329547.

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15

Sherrler, R. H., S. A. Suddarth, G. A. Johnson, and C. E. Ravin. "72 AUTOMATED OBSERVER STUDIES ON A DIGITAL CHEST SYSTEM." Investigative Radiology 20, no. 6 (September 1985): S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198509000-00100.

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16

Freedman, Laurence S., Mahesh K. B. Parmar, and Stuart G. Baker. "The design of observer agreement studies with binary assessments." Statistics in Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 30, 1993): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780120208.

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17

Dreyer, Jaco S. "The Researcher : Engaged Participant or Detached Observer?" Journal of Empirical Theology 11, no. 2 (1998): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157092598x00103.

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18

Mahtani, Kamal, Elizabeth A. Spencer, Jon Brassey, and Carl Heneghan. "Catalogue of bias: observer bias." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmed-2017-110884.

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Анотація:

This article is part of a series featured from the Catalogue of Bias introduced in this volume of BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine that describes biases and outlines their potential impact in research studies. Observer bias is systematic discrepancy from the truth during the process of observing and recording information for a study. Many healthcare observations are at risk of this bias. Evidence shows that treatment effect estimates can be exaggerated by a third to two-thirds in the presence of observer bias in outcome assessment. Preventing observer bias involves proper masking in intervention studies including the use of matched placebo interventions where appropriate and training of observers to make assessment consistent and reduce biases resulting from conscious or unconscious prejudices. Where observers are involved in a research study, it is probably not possible for the study to be entirely free of observer biases.

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19

Yezerinac, Stephen M., Stephen C. Lougheed, and Paul Handford. "Measurement Error and Morphometric Studies: Statistical Power and Observer Experience." Systematic Biology 41, no. 4 (December 1992): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992588.

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20

Baker, Stuart G., Laurence S. Freedman, and M. K. B. Parmar. "Using Replicate Observations in Observer Agreement Studies with Binary Assessments." Biometrics 47, no. 4 (December 1991): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532389.

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21

Chakraborty, Dev P., and Kevin S. Berbaum. "Observer studies involving detection and localization: Modeling, analysis, and validation." Medical Physics 31, no. 8 (July 26, 2004): 2313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1769352.

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22

Arenberg, Jonathan W., and Webster Cash. "New Worlds Observer: A Novel Mission Concept for Exoplanetary Studies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1, no. C200 (October 2005): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130600932x.

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23

GACINOVIC, S. "Inter-observer agreement in the reporting 99Tcm-DMSA renal studies." Nuclear Medicine Communications 17, no. 12 (December 1996): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199612000-00014.

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24

Yezerinac, S. M., S. C. Lougheed, and P. Handford. "Measurement Error and Morphometric Studies: Statistical Power and Observer Experience." Systematic Biology 41, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/41.4.471.

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25

Ramesh, M., L. Cui, Y. Shtessel, and R. Gorur. "Failure studies of polymeric insulating materials using sliding mode observer." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 126 (March 2021): 106539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106539.

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26

Tall, Martin, Kingshuk Roy Choudhury, Sandy Napel, Justus E. Roos, and Geoffrey D. Rubin. "Accuracy of a Remote Eye Tracker for Radiologic Observer Studies." Academic Radiology 19, no. 2 (February 2012): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2011.10.011.

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27

Chen, Xisong, Juan Li, Jun Yang, and Shihua Li. "A disturbance observer enhanced composite cascade control with experimental studies." International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 11, no. 3 (June 2013): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12555-012-9210-5.

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28

Qian, Wen, Wei Chen, Xiao-Quan Xu, and Fei-Yun Wu. "T2 mapping of the extraocular muscles in healthy volunteers: preliminary research on scan–rescan and observer–observer reproducibility." Acta Radiologica 61, no. 6 (October 3, 2019): 804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185119879681.

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Анотація:

Background T2-mapping technique and derived T2 relaxation time allows quantitative assessment of extraocular muscles; however, the reproducibility of T2 mapping-derived parameters was seldom studied till now. Purpose To evaluate the scan–rescan and observer–observer reproducibility of T2 relaxation time measurements of extraocular muscles in young healthy volunteers. Material and Methods Fourteen volunteers underwent T2-mapping examinations of the extraocular muscles three times within one month on a 3.0-T MR system. Scan–rescan and observer–observer reproducibility of T2 relaxation time measurements of the extraocular muscles were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation. Results Both scan–rescan (short-term and long-term) and observer–observer could achieve good to excellent reproducibility, while better short-term than long-term scan–rescan reproducibility was obtained. The coefficient of variation of the T2 relaxation time of each extraocular muscles during both scan–rescan and observer–observer reproducibility assessment were <6%. Conclusion T2 relaxation time measurement of the extraocular muscles is proven to be highly reproducible at 3.0 T. T2 mapping may be a potential imaging technique in the diagnosis and follow-up of orbital diseases involved extraocular muscles in further studies.

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29

Bulakhova, Nina A., Wolfgang Böhme, Astrid Clasen, Valentina F. Orlova, Miguel A. Carretero, Valentina N. Kuranova, Katarina Ljubisavljevic, et al. "Inter-observer and intra-observer differences in measuring body length: a test in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara." Amphibia-Reptilia 32, no. 4 (2011): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853811x601636.

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AbstractThe snout-vent length (SVL), a conventional measure of overall body size in lizards and snakes, is used in a wide variety of ecological, evolutionary, and taxonomical studies. Trends in SVL variation are often analysed using data from several researchers (observers), but possible confounding effects due to inter-observer differences in measurement protocols have never been appropriately examined. This study reports inter-observer biases between eleven herpetologists who measured the same specimens of the Eurasian common lizards (21 adult specimens were examined by eight observers and additional 192 specimens by two observers). Intra-observer bias over time (1.5-15 months between measuring sessions) was also estimated. In the vast majority of comparisons, mean difference between the first author and another observer varied from −1.0 to +0.8 mm, or from −1.9 to +1.6% if expressed as a percent of the specimen's SVL value. Some non-regular effects of sex and study sample on the studied bias were revealed, and their possible reasons are discussed. We are advising the researchers who intensively collect SVL and other morphometric data to consider testing intra-observer and inter-observer biases and to establish etalon samples available for re-examinations.

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30

Lozoya, Sergio Charles, Joaquín Darío Treviño Báez, Jesús María Rangel Flores, Jesús Miguel Brizuela Ventura, Omar Araiza Topete, and Andrea Alcázar Juárez. "INTER- AND INTRA-OBSERVER AGREEMENT IN THE MILCH AND WEISS SYSTEMS." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 26, no. 4 (August 2018): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220182604191367.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the inter- and intra-observer agreement of the Weiss and Milch classification systems in radiological studies of fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in pediatric patients. Methods: An agreement study was performed with non-probability sampling of consecutive cases with a sample size of a hundred radiological studies, which were evaluated by three experienced orthopedic surgeons and three resident physicians; following a thorough comparison of both inter- and intra-observer agreements over a six-week period based on the Fleiss’ kappa, which was used to determine the inter- and intra-observer agreement rates of both classifications. Results: The overall reliability of the entire group of evaluators for the Milch classification in the inter-observer evaluation was κ = 0.13, 95% CI, 0.08-0.18, and the intra-observer evaluation was κ = 0.08, 95% CI, 0.06-0.11. For the Weiss classification, the overall evaluation had an inter-observer agreement of κ = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.50-0.57, and an intra-observer agreement of κ = 0.22, 95% CI, 0.20 −0.24. Conclusion: In the present study, the Weiss classification system demonstrated greater agreement than the Milch classification; however, the latter may require complementary studies, such as an arthrography to enhance classification accuracy. Level of Evidence II, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating Diagnostic Examination.

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31

Burghardt, Gordon M., Julia N. Bartmess-LeVasseur, Sheri A. Browning, Kathleen E. Morrison, Courtney L. Stec, Christopher E. Zachau, and Todd M. Freeberg. "Perspectives - Minimizing Observer Bias in Behavioral Studies: A Review and Recommendations." Ethology 118, no. 6 (May 16, 2012): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02040.x.

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32

Warren, L. M., F. H. Green, L. Shrestha, A. Mackenzie, D. R. Dance, and K. C. Young. "Validation of simulation of calcifications for observer studies in digital mammography." Physics in Medicine and Biology 58, no. 16 (July 24, 2013): N217—N228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/16/n217.

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33

GACINOVIC, S., J. BUSCOMBE, D. C. COSTA, A. HILSON, J. BOMANJI, and P. J. ELL. "Inter-observer agreement in the reporting of 99Tcm-DMSA renal studies." Nuclear Medicine Communications 17, no. 7 (July 1996): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199607000-00010.

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34

PIEPSZ, A. "Inter-observer agreement in the reporting of 99Tcm DMSA renal studies." Nuclear Medicine Communications 17, no. 12 (December 1996): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199612000-00013.

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35

Kitchenham, Barbara A., Pearl Brereton, Mark Turner, Mahmood K. Niazi, Stephen Linkman, Rialette Pretorius, and David Budgen. "Refining the systematic literature review process—two participant-observer case studies." Empirical Software Engineering 15, no. 6 (June 25, 2010): 618–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-010-9134-8.

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36

Hadjiiski, Lubomir, Heang-Ping Chan, Berkman Sahiner, Mark A. Helvie, and Marilyn A. Roubidoux. "Quasi-Continuous and Discrete Confidence Rating Scales for Observer Performance Studies." Academic Radiology 14, no. 1 (January 2007): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2006.09.048.

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37

Abbey, Craig K., Frank W. Samuelson, and Brandon D. Gallas. "Statistical Power Considerations for a Utility Endpoint in Observer Performance Studies." Academic Radiology 20, no. 7 (July 2013): 798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2013.02.008.

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38

Nishikawa, Robert M., and Lorenzo L. Pesce. "Estimating Sensitivity and Specificity for Technology Assessment Based on Observer Studies." Academic Radiology 20, no. 7 (July 2013): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2013.03.008.

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39

Baroudi, Djamila, and Safia Nait-Bahloul. "Observer Patterns for Timed Properties." International Journal of Software Innovation 9, no. 2 (April 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2021040101.

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Анотація:

Dwyer et al. proposed qualitative specification patterns that enable the practitioners of model checking tools to write formal specifications mainly used for automatic model checking. Although this involves formalisms that are not always easy to handle by engineers, to facilitate the integration of formal methods based on these definition patterns in the industrial field, several formal techniques and languages have been proposed. This paper studies a domain specific language named CDL which help non-experts writing formal specifications effortlessly. In CDL, a property is transformed into an observer automaton to perform a reachability analysis. The existing CDL patterns allow non-experts to reason about occurrence and order of events, but not enough about their timing. Furthermore, the semantics of patterns and transformations are not ideally formalized and are still complex. This work serves to extend the existing CDL system by patterns related to time. The contribution is illustrated in an industrial embedded system.

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40

Gasperini, C., M. Rovaris, M. P. Sormani, S. Bastianello, C. Pozzilli, G. Comi, and M. Filippi. "Intra-observer, inter-observer and inter-scanner variations in brain MRI volume measurements in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 7, no. 1 (February 2001): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135245850100700106.

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Анотація:

Introduction: Measurement of brain volume on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is regarded as an objective marker of multiple sclerosis (MS) severity with the potential to monitor treatment efficacy accurately. This study was performed to assess the variability of brain MRI volume measurements. Patients and methods: We studied nine patients with relapsing-remitting MS, who were imaged on two occasions (separated by an interval of 24 h) using two different MR scanners and fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (fast-FLAIR) sequences. The whole brain volume computed from each image was measured three times by three observers using a seed-growing technique based on signal intensity thresholding. Intra-observer, inter-observer and inter-scanner variabilities were expressed as coefficients of variations (COVs). The inter-scanner variability included not only the intra-observer variation but also the repositioning variability and the variation in observed brain volume caused by different scanner hardware and sequence implementations. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in patients' brain volume values between observers (P=0.82) or between scanners (P=0.30). The mean intra-observer COV was 1.2% (s.e.=0.4%), the mean inter-observer COV was 1.8% (s.e.=0.8%) and the mean inter-scanner COV was 2.4% (s.e.=1.2%). The intra-observer variance was not statistically different from those found between observers (P=0.83) or scanners (P=0.44). Conclusion: The intra-observer variability in brain volume measurements found in this study was within the range of intra-observer variability found in previous studies. This study shows that the use of different observers and MR scanners has only a small influence on the measured brain volume and does not affect the reproducibility of this measurement greatly.

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41

Ran, Yawei, Yubo Hou, Zhiwen Dong, and Qi Wang. "Moral Observer-Licensing in Cyberspace." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12050148.

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Анотація:

Moral observer-licensing happens when observers condone actors’ morally questionable conduct due to the actors’ history of moral behaviors. In four studies (N = 808), we investigated this phenomenon in the context of cyberspace and its contributing factors and boundary conditions. The pilot study determined what participants perceived as typically moral and immoral behaviors in cyberspace. Then, in Study 1, participants condemned a story character’s online immoral behavior less often when they were informed of the character’s prior online moral behavior than when they were not, which indicates moral observer-licensing in cyberspace. Study 2 confirmed the presence of moral observer-licensing in cyberspace and further demonstrated that a character’s prior moral or immoral behavior online respectively reduces or intensifies the perceived negativity of the character’s subsequent immoral behavior. Finally, Study 3 showed that participants who identified with the victim in a hypothetical scenario showed less forgiveness and more condemnation of a character’s immoral behavior than those who identified with the perpetrator or the bystander. These findings are of theoretical and practical significance for our understanding of cyber ethics.

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42

Dwivedi, Amitabh Vikram. "Book review: Indian News Media: From Observer to Participant." Media International Australia 162, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16685420e.

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43

Teitelbaum, Stephanie, and R. Edward Geiselman. "Observer Mood and Cross-Racial Recognition of Faces." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 28, no. 1 (January 1997): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022197281006.

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44

Fuhrman, Carl R., Cynthia A. Britton, Thomas Bender, Jules H. Sumkin, Manuel L. Brown, J. Michael Holbert, Thomas S. Chang, Howard E. Rockette, and David Gur. "Observer Performance Studies: Detection of Single Versus Multiple Abnormalities of the Chest." American Journal of Roentgenology 179, no. 6 (December 2002): 1551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.179.6.1791551.

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Sen, Anando, Faraz Kalantari, and Howard C. Gifford. "Task Equivalence for Model and Human-Observer Comparisons in SPECT Localization Studies." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 63, no. 3 (June 2016): 1426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2016.2542042.

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Walter, Scott R., William T. M. Dunsmuir, and Johanna I. Westbrook. "Inter-observer agreement and reliability assessment for observational studies of clinical work." Journal of Biomedical Informatics 100 (December 2019): 103317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103317.

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