Дисертації з теми "Objets rituels – Aspect psychologique"
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Lavieille, Jean Clément. "Relique, objet-relique et créativité reliquaire : les devenirs de l’objet conservé dans la clinique du deuil." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20009.
Повний текст джерелаIn the bereavement clinic, we met patients who kept the remains of their deceased loved one and with whom they continued a relationship beyond death. We crossed this conservation practice with a religious object : relics. The relics are the remains, after death, of the body of a saint considered also as sacred objects. The relic is an object of belief, catalysis and intercession. The anthropological study of the relic allows us to present the exceptional character of this piece of body and the exception of its inscription in the funeral ritual. At a psychopathological level, the relic object is for some bereaved the start necessary to endure the loss. The experience of mourning is above all the resurgence of the lost object of the relationship to « l'Autre Primordial ». Thus, we will present the relic-object as a promise of openness and reminder of castration : an external, orne-mental and para-melancholic object. We will open the second part to the fate of this preserved object. Gradually, the object is called to be abandoned: the resolution of mourning passes by the acceptance of the verdict of reality and new libidinal investments. Its undefined stop opens towards a fetishization of the object. The object takes care of the chosen other and deals above all with the lack of the Other. Finally, we call reliquary creativity, the movement of embedding and exposure of the void left following the disappearance of a loved one. The reliquary sublimation is to be understood as the common expression of the effects of mourning on the life of the survivor. The reliquary creation is the rarer expression that can bring about the emergence of a « signifiant nouveau » and social réalité
Grivet-Shillito, Marie-Laure. "L'objet magique au carrefour de la psychanalyse et de l'ethnologie." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070003.
Повний текст джерелаCastel, Nathalie. "Conditions photométriques de visibilité des objets et de leur détection sur écran." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL314.
Повний текст джерелаObject visibility and detection are important issues, particularly for visual displays ergonomic guidelines. A better knowledge of the relationships betweeen displays physical factors and detection performance can contribute to improve quality and cost of the devices used to simulate tasks where visual factors are essential. After a review of the factors (perceptive and physical), the work suggests that target detection performance can be predicted using a photometric model based on the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the device. Two types of experiments have been designed to verify this hypothesis: the first one with a photo-simulation paradigm and the second with a video-simulation paradigm. In both cases two aspects are developped: a physical analysis of the visual device mtf characteristics and a study of the human detection responses. The results obtained in the photo-simulation experiment show that the distance at which the MTF curve stabilizes can be considered as a predictor of the liminar value, performed by subjects who are already skilled in target detection and acquisition. The reported data confirm the hypothesis except when targets are decoys. In this case, it is argued that their photometric signatures constitue sufficient cues that permit trained subjects to recognize and identify a decoy well before detecting the other targets. The mtf features of the video-simulation device have been measured using sinewave grating charts, composed of black and white bars with various contrasts, directions and spatial frequencies. The photometric data point out that the modulation transfer is much better in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction. This inter-directional variation is also observed in the subjects' responses, notably in the range of the middle and high frequencies. Using such grating charts has led to propose a theorical model that permits to predict the distance at which a target can be detected. The subjects' responses confirm the predictions outcomed from this model. The experimental data show that mtf is a satisfactory reference to predict target detection performance. In the last part of the thesis, these data are discussed with regard to other models (Johnson criteria and signal detection theory). Finally, conclusions are drawn on the limits of a model based on MTF
Dubois, Arnaud. "La vie chromatique des objets : Approche anthropologique des couleurs de l'art contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0626.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the material practices of colour in the domain of contemporary art. I analyse such practices following the "chaîne opératoire des agglutinations chromatiques" which I have studied during the period of my fieldwork at the Centre Pompidou Mobile and Monumenta 2012. Starting from a microanalysis of the chromatic qualities of the objects (including an art installation, a piece of architecture, a graphic design project and an agglomerate of 14 work of art of the collection of the Musee National d'art Moderne), this study seeks to understand the relationship between the materiality of making colours and the agents involved in such practice. This method allows us to observe and describe the multiple relations that exist between human beings and colours. It therefore pushes us to reflect on the socialisation of colours. In order to carry out this research, I have made use of a combination of methodological and theoretical approaches borrowing from what andré Leroi-Gourhan develops in his L'Homme et la Matière (1943) that builds on the general idea of Marcel Mauss concerning objects and techniques. For Leroi-Gourhan, colour is a fabricated material and is part of different 'techniques of fabrication' and 'actions on matter' that contribute to the way in which societies give colours to things. My ethnography of "parctices of colorization" in contemporary art describes the material culture of colour and oscillates between the anthropology of colour to cognitive anthropology (colour as perception) towards a sort of anthropology of techniques (colour as production). This oscillation creates an epistemological bifurcation, which I believe it is effective for proposing an anthropology of colour that is interested in both colour and the social practices around colour. In other words, in this work, I consider colour as an act - that is, I believe that colour is made/constructed and that a researcher must observe and analyse the actions and the actors engaged in the fabrication of an object of colour and must pay attention to the situations of work within which the 'act of colours' take place
Lebrun-Niesing, Monick. "Anthropologie des interactions mère, jouet, enfant : le tapis perdu." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21015.
Повний текст джерелаHow educative toys function as a means for parents to prepare their children for their future lives as adults would seem to constitute a good subject of research. However, the ethnographic approach aiming at uncovering what is left unsaid or innuendoes shows that toy-objects apparently play another role. They would seem to act as a shared space between mother and child, allowing relationships to develop whereby the mother's strategy is to attempt to assign a role to herself and her child. Through this ludic exchange, the mother tries to model a reference of what being a good mother is, and thus portrays the positive side of herself as a good mother, in Goffman's terms. The toy-object therefore represents for the dyad a pretext to develop a space that may be deemed to be positional and not transitional, as in Winnicott's understanding. Being a good mother would therefore involve choosing the correct toy-object and animating it as an intermediary space between the family and social spheres
Brochet, Frédéric. "La dégustation : étude des représentations des objets chimiques dans le champ de la conscience." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28743.
Повний текст джерелаKaplanski-Szafarczyk, Mauricette. "Les voix de Jeanne d'Arc, objets de désir et traces de réel, au regard de la psychanalyse." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30015.
Повний текст джерелаPerrissol, Stéphane. "Exposition sélective appliquée aux objets alcool et tabac : influence de la structure et de la mesure de l'attitude." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20036.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to selective exposure's theory, people tend to expose themselves to consonant information and to avoid discrepant ones (Festinger, 1957). However, many studies do not succeed in highlighting dissonant informations avoidance. Three explanation have been proposed. The first one assumes the existence of many factors that could moderate or modulate the relation between attitude and exposure. The second one do not agree with the existence of these processes and reduces them to a simple context effect. At least, the third one postulates that contradictory results come from measures. This work mainly deals with this last alternative. It explores the structure of attitude and uses different measures (attitude and behavior questionnaires, implicit measure). Furthermore, many new selective exposure measures are elaborated. Finally, all the experiments deal with alcohol and tobacco and allow us to gather information on the real impact of advertising and prevention for these hot topics
Barrière, Catherine. "Lieux et objets sacrés Bamana de la région de Segu (Mali)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20015.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of this research is "the evolution of bamana religious beliefs and practices". A comparative approach was taken, based on date gathered from 64 villages within a 30 km. Radius of segu. There were three primary lines of inquiry: assessment of the current status of bamana sacred places; description of traditional ways in which powerful objects were used for warfare, magic, or protection; and an analysis of current practices in relation to traditional ones in order to assess processes of continuity and change in bamana social organization. Interviews were conducted with a range of magico-religious practitioners, including blacksmiths, fortune-tellers, marabouts, and hunters, who either fulfill religious roles or who act as specialists in the mediation of individual relations. The latter provide their clientele with charms or magical objects for purposes of aggression or protection. While my findings reveal significant changes in village society-evinced for instance by the virtual dissappearance of sacred, genie-sheltering groves, the protection of powerful objects, and the construction of numerous mosques-such changes nevertheless do not suggest a radical acculturation. Ineed, even though sacrificial rituals have dissapeared from the ritual calendar, careful attention to bamana discourses has allowed me to understand that certain traditional practices remain while new practices have developed around very different sources: the boli have been burried, but new objects have appeared. Practitioners take materials from various sources for their purposes. Finally, the daily existence of these powerful rites, played out in an invisible realm, reveals an extremely tense social climate, shatter the myth of african solidarity and betray the development of based on the development of individualistic behaviors which constitute the backbone of witchcraft and of black magic
Lechevallier, Marion. "Nouvelles technologies et concept de soi : étude comparative des représentations du téléphone portable chez des adolescents Français et Finlandais." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN1506.
Повний текст джерелаLevitte, Agnès. "La perception des objets quotidiens dans l'espace urbain." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634655.
Повний текст джерелаJeanningros, Hugo. "Conduire numériquement les conduites : économie comportementale, objets connectés et prévention dans l’assurance privée française." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL115.
Повний текст джерелаThe Insurance’s ability to shape and distribute risks and responsibilities relies on the exploitation of multiple sources of data. The large amount of information produced in the digital era can be mobilized in order to reconfigure the relationship between the insurers and the insureds. Behavioral insurance, which builds on the tracking and valuation of the insured’s daily behavioral data, constitutes a striking and politically sensitive case, even though it is a poorly documented phenomenon. Building on a qualitative investigation and the deployment of an economic sociology of information, this research sheds light on the origins and the concrete functioning of behavioral insurance. The research shows the context of emergence of these products and the ways these are designed and implemented. If the wield of power by insurance is as old as the institution itself, it appears that the forms of this wielding are unprecedented. On the basis of behavioral economics theories and the shaping of an informational pipelines built on the uses of tracking devices, the promoters of behavioral insurance attempt to digitally conduct insured’s daily conducts, and to act as conductors of the alignment of individual, entrepreneurial and societal interests. Behavioral insurance is an uncompleted attempt of shaping an algorithmic governmentality
Marin, Alexandrina-Carmen. "Le jeu, l'apprentissage et la religion : trois modèles sublimatoires dans le passage de l’enfance à l’adolescence à travers un groupe clinique villageois roumain et l’oeuvre littéraire de Ion Creangă." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD091.
Повний текст джерелаFrom a clinical practice with artistic mediations in a group of adolescents followed in a Romanian public school, we have chosen to address the problematics related to three sublimation : playing, religion, learning. Clinical research is completed by the study regarding the influence of these sublimation patterns in the literary works and biography of the classic Romanian writer, Ion Creangă. The clinical study highlights the existence of a disrupted psyche in relation to the traumas and family dysfunctions during the childhood of the subjects, disturbances that are enhanced by the puberty process itself. The various forms of mediation allow revealing archaic issues which are replayed during puberty. A glimpse at the overall effect of the interaction with the group, the clinician and the different categories of mediation - can be observed in the selected case studies.The difficulties of separation from childhood become clear both in clinical practice and in Memories from Childhood, the literary work of Ion Creanga. The foundation of the fa Ise-self is progressively destabilized through mediation and playing, and adolescents like Melania, Catalina, Mihaela, Tudor, Rare and Dorina express themselves more and more freely and spontaneous. The central hypothesis is that the mediation allows the ensemble of bio-psychological changes at puberty to happen without the typical violence of direct confrontations, but rather through a smooth transition
Buchot, Romain. "Etude du traitement visuel précoce des objets par la méthode de l'amorçage infraliminaire." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984472.
Повний текст джерелаLevasseur, Elodie. "Les objets du quotidien : une négociation mémorielle : approche psychosociale de l’articulation des traces mémorielles et matérielles dans la transmission de l’expérience d’une inondation." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20073.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates the transmission of flood experience in relation to the contexts, situations and entities based on which memories take shape and potentially persist. The role of everyday objects and memory artifacts in the construction and transmission of flood experience are specifically investigated. To meet this purpose, the present work falls within the conceptual field of social psychology, studying social thinking in context. This approach enables the study of the development of knowledge and its transmission in relation to social, temporal and spatial contexts. This theoretical development implements a dynamic and contextual approach to the study of memory process. Social representation theory is fundamental to this work because it investigates familiarization as a process based on creating significant categories depending on the culture and collective memory of the group. Two methods are used to capture different aspects of the object of research and compare multiple perspectives on flood experience. The combination of the research interviews of people who have experienced one or more floods and media analysis - using ALCESTE - allows the analysis of the knowledge used in the representation and transmission of the flood as a social object and/or an experience. The results show that objects are tools of the negotiation of the experience, between forgetfulness and memory. The memory artifacts in the social space are the result of this negotiation. They recall an event giving it a precise and controlled shape. The event is thus transformed into a story and its spatial inscription to have an acceptable and conventional form. These objects can support the memory of the event and serve the forgetfulness of experiences. While graphic objectivation attenuates the plurality of experiences, everyday objects provide a malleable gap between forgetfulness and memory, a space for memory negotiation. They serve as a support for the narration and, at the same time, offer a specific representation of the event. Their selection, underlying the comparison and differentiation with regards to other flood experiences, allows the transmission of past experience as if it was grounded into, and depending on, existing categories, maintaining at the same time the singularity of the experience. This way of transmission, linking together material and memory traces during the transmission of an experience, corresponds to an accepted and existing pattern well spread into the actual social and cultural context
Touzé, Rachel. "Des couronnes végétales en Grèce ancienne : entre matière et imaginaire." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20023.
Повний текст джерелаAbout a hundred plants used in Antiquity for the making of wreaths are mentioned in greek literature. Some of these plants are linked to the gods through specific relationships : ivy, laurel, myrtle, oak, olive and oleaster are connected with Dionysos, Apollo, Aphrodite, Zeus, Athena and Heracles. How do these material and imaginary worlds meet? In which ways does the phusis of these plants come into play in the dialectic process where the imaginary world is nurtured by sense perception, and where sense perceptions are themselves informed by the imaginary world ? Through Botanical and medical literature -both very informative on the qualities of the plants- we sometimes identify these peculiarities that allow us to establish the congruency between a plant and a god. These few plants are not, by far, all the plants used for the making of wreaths. The violet, the rose, the hyacinth, the asphodel, the chaste-tree, the pine, the celery and lots of other plants suggest a world made of odours, colours and symbols, from which we only perceive a few fragments through the literary and botanical sources. No matter the quality and the amount of information available to us for each of these plants, evidentiary sources show us how much the stéphanomata were part of the ancient's Greeks daily life. Wreaths made of plants mark moments of joy, pleasure, happiness, they single out the winners of numerous games and the virtuous men. Worn or offered,they characterize this contemplative moment when human being seeks the favor or the protection of the gods, as well as this instant when he pays homage to a departed parent
Tocaciu, Roxana Luisa. "Un ailleurs intouchable : impasses institutionnelles et solutions subjectives dans l'accueil d'une population migrante d'origine rom." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3071.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis emphacises the universal relation between subjet and culture from the standpoint of the psychoanalytic postulate of the unconscious as determining the fundamental lack of the subject, all of this beyond particular cultural declensions which “metaphorise” – through the signifiers of each culture – the fundamental prohibition which structures this relation as well as the cultural commandments thereby expressed.For this purpose, we base ourselves on the subjective experience of exile in real life as suspending the fundamental illusions of belonging, more specifically within the context of our clinical encounter with a member of the Roma migrant community within the Ile-de-France region. When using the term “Roma”, we refer to cultural and social backgrounds which, from the point of view of psychoanalysis, function according to symbolic coordinates. Such coordinates, before becoming culturally specific, are universal through what Freud designates as Kultur: the subject, who is subjected to the fundamental prohibition, finds a meaningful place within the order of generations and within gender differences. It is from this place that the subject, who must make do with his lack – lack which declines and circulates within the signifiers of his culture –, weaves his desire.If any particularity is to be taken into account, it must be located within the social conditions determining the migratory movement: the compositional safeguarding of the community's social structures even in foreing land permits the subject's initial symbolic configuration within his place of belonging to be conserved. Hence, if the symbolic mooring of the migrant Roma is not lost, even though he is constantly confronted with an imaginary overrun with figures of foreignness, it is because he has sealed its inscription within an elsewhere which is unalienable and intangible (said Athiganos in ancient Greek) as an immediate consequence of the unfamiliarity and the disallowance of a place among the others.Following this view we may understand, in such a particular migratory context, how exile does not commence with displacement, but rather through separation from a community of belonging, through confrontation with the lack of meaning within oneself – lack of meaning emerging within the encounter with the foreigner, radically questionning the subject's original symbolic place.Facing the exiled subject's nostalgic evocation of his loss, the clinician's task is to respectfully acknowledge these contents – as lost objects, which are presented by the patient as being of cultural order – , and go beyond, to focus upon the psychic process of loss itself, as well as the weakening of identity as a trial endured by the subject, as the latter becomes orphaned from the illusions founding the membership and symbolic place which suppored hitherto his desire. The questions arising from such a context will be those which lead to the patient's subjectivity, bringing out the fault lines of his symbolic composition: doubts of his origins, of the family order, of linkages with parents, of the rights and privileges of his siblings, of his own sexual choices, etc.Throughout our clinical follow-up, we observed a subjective usage of the place given to the foreigner, as a symbolic territory of alienation indispensable to the subjet facing the threatening desire of the feminin Other, from which the subject flees through a movement of auto-exile. If met and acknowledged through speech, he could metaphorise himself in a prolific exile. Following the operation of such subjective uprooting was the possibility that a symbolic space other than that of the origins be invested, metaphorised through social accomodation, to become a space capable of accomodating the initial subjective exile
Boutros, Jean-Charles. "La philosophie vive plutôt que la philosophie à vif : Socrate aux périls de Marsyas : recherches sur les modes d'influence chez Platon, précédées d'une étude générale sur la magie et la pensée magique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010717/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo explain the modes of influence operating in Plato’s Dialogues, we study how Socrates and others use their magic as several interlocutors have called Socrates a sorcerer. A framework is given to our research with a preliminary general study about magic covering anthropology, rituals – pathological (obsessive-compulsive disorders) or cultural – and magical thought. In Plato’s works, the way people think is influenced by many factors often unknowingly: personality, habits, society, ethics, ignorance, etc. Since it had been analyzed by Gorgias, speech experts, such as orators or sophists, have been using oratorical magic in their performances. And then the ambiguity of Socrates’ magic blatantly appears whereas he claims to refute falsehood and eliminate illusions. Different types of possession occur in Phaedrus, some uncontrolled, other controlled, entailing an initiation. Socrates carries out his magic in several striking cases of bewitchment and he also uses incantations in particular to sooth the fear of death. In the political field, the lawgiver finds an interest in using incantations for more effectiveness in his task since they can shape the forms of behaviors, create strong bond between citizens and contribute to social control. A law about crimes of magic is also designed
Peckel, Mathieu. "Le lien réciproque entre musique et mouvement étudié à travers les mouvements induits par la musique." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL025/document.
Повний текст джерелаMusic and movement are inseparable. The movements that are spontaneously procuded when listening to music are thought to be related to the close relationship between the perceptual and motor system in listeners. This particular link is the main topic of this thesis. A first approach was focused on the impact of music-induced movements on music cognition. In two studies, we show that moving along to music neither enhances the retention of new musical pieces (Study 1) nor the retention of the contextual information related to their encoding (Study 2). These results suggest a shallow processing inherent to the expression of musical affordances required for the production of music-induced movements in the motor task. Moreover, they suggest that music is automatically processed in a motoric fashion independantly of the task. Our results also brought forward the importance of the musical groove. A second approach focused on the influence of the perception of musical rhythms on the production of rythmic movements. Our third study tested the hypothesis that different limbs would be differentially influenced depending on the musical tempo. Results show that the tapping taks was the most influenced by the perception of musical rhythms. We argued that this would come from the similar nature of the musical pulse and the timing mecanisms involved in the tapping task and motor resonance phenomena. We also observed different strategies put in place to cope with the task. All these results are discussed in light of the link between perception and action, embodied musical cognition and musical affordances