Дисертації з теми "Objectif à long terme"
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Connord-Lajambe, Hélène. "Analyse des perspectives à long terme du système énergétique du Québec : le potentiel renouvable." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72808.
Rémon, Danaé. "Stratégies d'apprentissage et mémoire à long terme d'associations mot-objet chez le jeune enfant et le chien." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30208.
All of us occasionally remember information or personal events that occurred a long time ago. But what about young children and distantly related animal species? Do young children and animals also form memories that can last in time? And if so, does memory formation rely on the same principles than those established in human adults? This thesis intended to examine these questions in the context of an associative learning concept involving complex bimodal stimuli: the word-object concept; both in young children and domestic dogs. For these two models, we explored some parameters susceptible to facilitate the encoding and storage of this type of information in memory. In particular, we attempted to determine if the number of presentations of novel word-object associations during learning influenced the retention of the name of these objects after a delay. We also aimed to establish the minimal number of presentations of the pairs required to induce a memory trace. Finally, we examined the efficacy of two learning strategies on the ability to remember the names of novel objects and demonstrated that the efficacy of the strategies implemented in humans evolves during development and seems not to apply to dogs. In brief, our results enlightened some principles underlying the formation of sensory memories in an early-developing brain system as well as in a non-primate species, and allow us to make assumptions about the underlying brain mechanisms
Zhang, Zhao. "Learning Path Recommendation : A Sequential Decision Process." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0108.
Over the past couple of decades, there has been an increasing adoption of Internet technology in the e-learning domain, associated with the availability of an increasing number of educational resources. Effective systems are thus needed to help learners to find useful and adequate resources, among which recommender systems play an important role. In particular, learning path recommender systems, that recommend sequences of educational resources, are highly valuable to improve learners' learning experiences. Under this context, this PhD Thesis focuses on the field of learning path recommender systems and the associated offline evaluation of these systems. This PhD Thesis views the learning path recommendation task as a sequential decision problem and considers the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) as an adequate approach. In the field of education, the learners' memory strength is a very important factor and several models of learners' memory strength have been proposed in the literature and used to promote review in recommendations. However, little work has been conducted for POMDP-based recommendations, and the models proposed are complex and data-intensive. This PhD Thesis proposes POMDP-based recommendation models that manage learners' memory strength, while limiting the increase in complexity and data required. Under the premise that recommending learners useful and effective learning paths is becoming more and more popular, the evaluation of the effectiveness these recommended learning paths is still a challenging task, that is not often addressed in the literature. Online evaluation is highly popular but it relies on the path recommendations to actual learners, which may have dramatic implications if the recommendations are not accurate. Offline evaluation relies on static datasets of learners' learning activities and simulates learning paths recommendations. Although easier to run, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of a learning path recommendation. This tends to justify the lack of literature on this topic. To tackle this issue, this PhD Thesis also proposes offline evaluation measures, that are designed to be simple to be used in most of the application cases. The recommendation models and evaluation measures the we propose are evaluated on two real learning datasets. The experiments confirm that the recommendation models proposed outperform the models from the literature, with a limited increase in complexity, including for a medium-size dataset
Chevrier, Jonathan. "Description de la cohérence entre les objectifs d'entraînement, les habiletés entraînées et les recommandations du développement à long terme de l'athlète (DLTA) en volleyball masculin une étude de cas multiples." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5624.
Hua, Yang. "Vers un suivi robuste d'objets visuels : sélection de propositions et traitement des occlusions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM012/document.
In this dissertation we address the problem of visual object tracking, whereinthe goal is to localize an object and determine its trajectory over time. Inparticular, we focus on challenging scenarios where the object undergoessignificant transformations, becomes occluded or leaves the field of view. Tothis end, we propose two robust methods which learn a model for the object ofinterest and update it, to reflect its changes over time.Our first method addresses the tracking problem in the context of objectsundergoing severe geometric transformations, such as rotation, change in scale.We present a novel proposal-selection algorithm, which extends the traditionaldiscriminative tracking-by-detection approach. This method proceeds in twostages -- proposal followed by selection. In the proposal stage, we compute acandidate pool that represents the potential locations of the object byrobustly estimating the geometric transformations. The best proposal is thenselected from this candidate set to localize the object precisely usingmultiple appearance and motion cues.Second, we consider the problem of model update in visual tracking, i.e.,determining when to update the model of the target, which may become occludedor leave the field of view. To address this, we use motion cues to identify thestate of the object in a principled way, and update the model only when theobject is fully visible. In particular, we utilize long-term trajectories incombination with a graph-cut based technique to estimate parts of the objectsthat are visible.We have evaluated both our approaches extensively on several trackingbenchmarks, notably, recent online tracking benchmark and the visual objecttracking challenge datasets. Both our approaches compare favorably to thestate of the art and show significant improvement over several other recenttrackers. Specifically, our submission to the visual object tracking challengeorganized in 2015 was the winner in one of the competitions
Durmus, Beste Gul. "Long-term multi-objective project selection under uncertainty." FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3108.
SMAGGHUE, FABRICE. "Tamponnade cardiaque, evolution a long terme." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M044.
BOUCHET, JACQUES. "Filtres endocaves percutanes : suivi a court terme et a long terme." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M371.
Gillmann, Cédric. "Habitabilité à long terme des planètes telluriques." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GLOB0009.
Charmant, Alain. "Formalisation quantitative du long terme : une contribution." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010001.
Currently, econometric modelling's contribution, both to economic forecasting and economic policy valuation, is signifiant. However, models term (about five years) is sometimes inadequate. It it possible to extend it? Specifications properties in a long term perspective, and their compatibility, were theoretically studied. Those works pointed out the relationship between long term properties of macroeconomic models and results of theory of growth. So far, questions raised by long-run modelling practise can be expressed using theory of growth's framework: existence and properties of a steady state growth path, and its stability. First, models must provide an analytical framework that allows organisation of inputs contribution to growth. From this point of view, production function is the significant concept. It is widely studied, both using a putty-putty assumption, and a vintage approach. Simulation experiments are used to fith the practical consequence of our results. Yet, it will not do simply to superimpose a model of the business cycle on an equilibrium growth path. In the short run, disequilibriums are explicitly registered in models. Theoritical models of economic growth with disequilibrium can provide interesting exploratory sketchs, that could allow to improve long term properties of econometric models. Concerning disequilibrium on the financial market. .
Deng, Qichen. "Antenna Optimization in Long-Term Evolution Networks." Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-119147.
Scotti, Paul S. "Statistical Regularities During Object Encoding Systematically Distort Long-Term Memory." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1560174050895712.
Deroche, Madeleine-Sophie. "Détection à court-terme et long-terme des tempêtes hivernales à fort potentiel d'impact." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066578/document.
The research carried out during the PhD deals with winter windstorms with high economic damage potential in Europe and can be divided in two parts. The first part aims at quantifying the impact of climate change on European winter windstorms and relies on datasets covering long periods of time (>30 years) either in the past or in the future. The objective of the second part is to forecast potential losses and claims associated with an upcoming extreme windstorm by using forecast data updated every six hours. The overall objective of the first part is to provide a medium-term view of what could be the winter windstorms in Europe during the 21st century. It thus completes the short-term vision of the risk given by the Catastrophe Models used by the (re)insurers to assess the cost of the risk on their portfolio. A new methodology has been developed to define the damage potential associated with European winter windstorms. The novelty of the methodology relies in the use of several variables capturing different spatiotemporal scales and the coupling that exists between variables during the cyclogenesis. Seeking for events sharing a similar intense signature simultaneously in the relative vorticity at 850 hPa, the mean sea level pressure and the surface wind speed lead to the detection of a small group of events. Comparing the number of events that belong to this group and their intensity in reanalysis datasets and different simulations of the future climate can provide enough information to insurance companies on the potential evolution of this hazard in a future climate. A first paper on the methodology has been accepted in the journal of Natural Hazard and Earth Science System.The methodology has been applied to the datasets provided by Global Climate Models (GCM) participating to the CMIP5 project. The goal is to assess the ability of GCMs to reproduce winter windstorms in Europe and the potential impact of climate change on the frequency and intensity of such events. A second paper presenting the results obtained from this second study will be submitted.The second part of the PhD focuses on the project Severe WIndstorms Forecasting Tool (SWIFT). The objective is to develop an early warning tool that detects an upcoming winter windstorms in meteorological forecasts updated every six hours and provides interested AXA entities with an alert on the upcoming windstorm as well as an estimate of the potential losses and claims.The tool has been developed in parallel of the research project and consists in two modules. In the first module, particularly intense systems are detected in meteorological forecasts and the associated gust footprint is extracted. In the second module, wind speeds are translated into a loss and a number of claims thanks to vulnerability curves. When a system is detected, an alert is sent with the appropriate information on the event propagation and the associated loss. The tool has been running automatically for the 2013 – 2014 winter season and detected most of the events that passed over Europe
Deroche, Madeleine-Sophie. "Détection à court-terme et long-terme des tempêtes hivernales à fort potentiel d'impact." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066578.pdf.
The research carried out during the PhD deals with winter windstorms with high economic damage potential in Europe and can be divided in two parts. The first part aims at quantifying the impact of climate change on European winter windstorms and relies on datasets covering long periods of time (>30 years) either in the past or in the future. The objective of the second part is to forecast potential losses and claims associated with an upcoming extreme windstorm by using forecast data updated every six hours. The overall objective of the first part is to provide a medium-term view of what could be the winter windstorms in Europe during the 21st century. It thus completes the short-term vision of the risk given by the Catastrophe Models used by the (re)insurers to assess the cost of the risk on their portfolio. A new methodology has been developed to define the damage potential associated with European winter windstorms. The novelty of the methodology relies in the use of several variables capturing different spatiotemporal scales and the coupling that exists between variables during the cyclogenesis. Seeking for events sharing a similar intense signature simultaneously in the relative vorticity at 850 hPa, the mean sea level pressure and the surface wind speed lead to the detection of a small group of events. Comparing the number of events that belong to this group and their intensity in reanalysis datasets and different simulations of the future climate can provide enough information to insurance companies on the potential evolution of this hazard in a future climate. A first paper on the methodology has been accepted in the journal of Natural Hazard and Earth Science System.The methodology has been applied to the datasets provided by Global Climate Models (GCM) participating to the CMIP5 project. The goal is to assess the ability of GCMs to reproduce winter windstorms in Europe and the potential impact of climate change on the frequency and intensity of such events. A second paper presenting the results obtained from this second study will be submitted.The second part of the PhD focuses on the project Severe WIndstorms Forecasting Tool (SWIFT). The objective is to develop an early warning tool that detects an upcoming winter windstorms in meteorological forecasts updated every six hours and provides interested AXA entities with an alert on the upcoming windstorm as well as an estimate of the potential losses and claims.The tool has been developed in parallel of the research project and consists in two modules. In the first module, particularly intense systems are detected in meteorological forecasts and the associated gust footprint is extracted. In the second module, wind speeds are translated into a loss and a number of claims thanks to vulnerability curves. When a system is detected, an alert is sent with the appropriate information on the event propagation and the associated loss. The tool has been running automatically for the 2013 – 2014 winter season and detected most of the events that passed over Europe
Moulin, Solène. "Pronostic à long terme des hémorragies intra-cérébrales." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S040/document.
Background: The low frequency of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and its high mortality rate may explain the paucity of data in long term outcomes. The main objective was to study long term prognosis of ICH through the prism of their natural history.Methods: Our study populations were based on the PITCH (Prognosis of IntraCerebral Haemorrhage) cohort which is an observational study that included consecutively adults admitted at the Lille University Hospital for spontaneous ICH between 2004 and 2009. We aimed to determine (i) the incidence of new onset dementia and its clinical and radiological predictive factors; (ii) the prevalence of cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) and its associated factors; (iii) predictive factors of recurrent ICH.Results: We showed that the risk of new onset dementia is substantial after spontaneous ICH. Predictive factors of new onset dementia such as ICH lobar location and cSS suggest the implication of underlying cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We found that one out of five patients had cSS on baseline MRI. cSS was a strong predictive factor of recurrent ICH. Conclusion: These findings are of immediate clinical relevance in the management of ICH patients and will allow to adequately inform patients and caregivers. These results may provide additional information on ICH recurrence risk assessment and may contribute to the development of future therapeutic strategies
GALEY, ISABELLE. "Hyperplasie congenitale des surrenales : devenir a long terme." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31020.
Ernst, Ekkehard Christian. "Complémentarités institutionnelles et croissance économique à long terme." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0206.
Vigouroux, Anne. "Etude de la variabilité solaire à long terme." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE4988.
DEMDOUM, LAID. "Comportement a long terme de thermoplastiques faiblement charges." Paris, ENSAM, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENAM0013.
Monnet, Antoine. "Disponibilité à long terme des ressources mondiales d'uranium." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD023/document.
From a global perspective, a low-carbon path to development driven by a growth of nuclear power production raises issues about the availability of uranium resources. Future technologies allowing nuclear reactors to overcome the need for natural uranium will take time to fully deploy. To address these issues, we analyze the conditions of availability of uranium in the 21st century.The first two conditions are technical accessibility and economic interest, both related to the cost of production. We study them using a model that estimates the ultimate uranium resources (amounts of both discovered and undiscovered resources) and their costs. This model splits the world into regions and the resource estimate for each region derives from the present knowledge of the deposits and economic filtering. The output is a long-term supply curve that illustrates the quantities of uranium that are technically accessible as a function of their cost of production. We identify the main uncertainties of these estimates and we show that with no regional breakdown, the ultimate resources are underestimated.The other conditions of availability of uranium covered in our study are related to the market dynamics, i.e. they derive from the supply and demand clearing mechanism. To assess their influence, they are introduced as dynamic constraints in a partial equilibrium model. This model of the uranium market is deterministic, and market players are represented by regions. For instance, it takes into account the short-term correlation between price and exploration expenditures, which is the subject of a dedicate econometric study. In the longer term, constraints include anticipation of demand by consumers and a gradual depletion of the cheapest ultimate resources.Through a series of prospective simulations, we demonstrate the strong influence on long term-price trends of both the growth rate of demand during the 21st century and its anticipation. Conversely, the uncertainties related to the estimation of ultimate resources have limited influence. We also underline the uneven evolution of market shares between regions. Finally, particular changes in supply (production shutdown in one of the regions, for example) or in demand (irregular growth or introduction of new technology) also have a significant influence on the evolution of the long-term price or its cyclicity
Gauchat, Marcel. "Catamnèse à long terme des hernies discales opérées /." [S.l : s.n.], 1986. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Sigaut, Stéphanie. "Activation microgliale : mécanismes et conséquences à long terme." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC198/document.
Neuroinflammation induced by systemic inflammation or generated in response to acute brain injury has adverse clinical consequences: it is implicated in exacerbation of acute brain injury in humans, for adults as well as for children. Microglia is the main effector of this cerebral inflammatory response, and may present, depending on the situation, a neurotoxic or - on the opposite - anti-inflammatory and regulating profile. To decipher the mechanisms of microglial activation and their consequences is essential for better management of patients.The first part of this thesis focuses on the consequences of neonatal inflammation associated with prematurity on the microglial response in adulthood, in case of new cerebral aggressions such as systemic inflammation or acute brain injury. Relying on a mouse model of inflammation of the preterm infant, we have demonstrated drastic modifications of the microglial transcriptome once these mice are adults. Moreover, when an inflammatory stimulus occurs in adulthood, the microglial activation profile is altered, the peak of pro-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory markers occurring earlier, demonstrating the existence of a memory of the cerebral innate immune system. These changes in the microglial activation profile are accompanied in a model of excitotoxic brain injury by an increase of the white matter lesion size. Melatonin treatment of mice prevents the happening of this worse outcome. In the second part of this thesis, we characterized the microglial activation profile in vitro, in response to stimulation by HMGB1, a damage associated molecular pattern released during cell death and therefore present in acute brain injuries but also in associated extra-cranial injuries. We have shown that the microglial activation profile depends of the kind of HMGB1 used. Microglia exposed to Sigma recombinant form have a proinflammatory transcriptomic profile but a lower release of cytokines in the culture medium. These results highlight the importance of inflammation and microglial activation in the prognosis of brain injuries and offer the opportunity to implement innovative neuroprotective strategies
GURY, ISABLLE. "Devenir a long terme des malades de reanimation." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M015.
Chilvers, Alison H. "Managing long-term access to digital data objects : a metadata approach." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7239.
Pirotte, Alain. "Court terme et long terme en économétrie : l'apport de la cointégration aux données de panel." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA122009.
Chagas, Guido Marcelo Borma. "Long-term asset allocation based on stochastic multistage multi-objective portfolio optimization." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17044.
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Multi-Period Stochastic Programming (MSP) offers an appealing approach to identity optimal portfolios, particularly over longer investment horizons, because it is inherently suited to handle uncertainty. Moreover, it provides flexibility to accommodate coherent risk measures, market frictions, and most importantly, major stylized facts as volatility clustering, heavy tails, leverage effects and tail co-dependence. However, to achieve satisfactory results a MSP model relies on representative and arbitrage-free scenarios of the pertaining multivariate financial series. Only after we have constructed such scenarios, we can exploit it using suitable risk measures to achieve robust portfolio allocations. In this thesis, we discuss a comprehensive framework to accomplish that. First, we construct joint scenarios based on a combined GJR-GARCH + EVT-GPD + t-Copula approach. Then, we reduce the original scenario tree and remove arbitrage opportunities using a method based on Optimal Discretization and Process Distances. Lastly, using the approximated scenario tree we perform a multi-period Mean-Variance-CVaR optimization taking into account market frictions such as transaction costs and regulatory restrictions. The proposed framework is particularly valuable to real applications because it handles various key features of real markets that are often dismissed by more common optimization approaches.
Programação Estocástica Multi-Período (MSP) oferece uma abordagem conveniente para identificar carteiras ótimas, particularmente para horizontes de investimento mais longos, pois incorpora adequadamente a incerteza no processo de otimização. Adicionalmente, ela proporciona flexibilidade para acomodar medidas coerentes de risco, fricções de mercado e fatos estilizados relevantes como agrupamento de volatilidade, caudas pesadas, efeitos de alavancagem e co-dependência nas caudas. No entanto, para alcançar resultados satisfatórios, um modelo MSP depende de cenários representativos e livres de arbitragem. Somente após construídos esses cenários, podemos explorá-los usando medidas de risco adequadas para alcançar alocações ótimas. Nessa tese, discutimos uma metodologia completa para alcançar esse objetivo. Em primeiro lugar, construímos cenários conjuntos baseados numa abordagem conjunta GJR-GARCH + EVT-GPD + t-Copula. Posteriormente, reduzimos a árvore original de cenários e removemos oportunidades de arbitragem utilizando um método de discretização ótima baseado nas distâncias de processos estocásticos. Por último, usando a árvore aproximada de cenários, realizamos uma otimização multi-período de média-variância-CVaR considerando fricções de mercado, custos de transação e restrições regulamentares. A metodologia proposta é particularmente útil para aplicações reais, porque considera várias características relevantes dos mercados reais que muitas vezes são ignorados por abordagens mais simples de otimização.
Zhang, Thomas S. M. (Thomas R. ). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Long-term multi-object tracking in indoor environments using network flows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113461.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-48).
This thesis presents a system for long-term tracking of multiple people in indoor environments using a min cost flow algorithm to optimize the association of short-term tracklets. This system is built on top of an existing RF-based indoor localization system called WiTrack, which is able to track a number of people without requiring them to hold or wear any special devices. However, WiTrack relies primarily on being able to detect motion from a person to track him, and has its effectiveness limited by other factors such as obstructions and multipath effects. Consequently, WiTrack's strength lies in tracking over shorter time intervals. The system presented in this thesis utilizes these short-term tracklets produced by the WiTrack system and performs optimizations to try and account for missed detections either from lack of motion or from occlusions. This system is designed to utilize information about the indoor environment in which WiTrack is deployed in to make more informed decisions during the tracklet association process. To this end, an accompanying iOS application is built to aid in mapping the room layout during a deployment, and streamline the process for creating models for the indoor environment. In a two-week deployment in two separate environments, the system was able to reach precision and recall rates of 89% in predicting tracklet assignments, and a less than 3% rate for identity switching.
by Thomas Zhang.
M. Eng.
Billard, Guillemette. "Activation et intégration multimodales en mémoire à long terme." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/badard_g.
The aim of this work was to give arguments in favour of an multiple traces memory model (Versace, Nevers, & Padovan, 2002), in which memory traces are supposed to be distributed over multiple dimensions. According to this model, the descriptive dimensions of knowledge are assumed to be mainly sensorial, motor et emotionnal. Therefore, representation are supposed to be records of the neural states that underlie perception and action. This conception supposes that the presentation of a visual stimulus representing an object activates automatically the various sensory and motor properties which are associated with him. Three series of experiments realized within the framework of this thesis respectively used a short term inter-sensorial (autidory-visual) priming paradigm, a short term sensori-motor priming paradigm and finally a long term inter-sensorial priming paradigm. All these experiments allowed to demonstrate the existence of both fundamental mechanisms of the studied model: the activation of the sensory and motor dimensions of the knowledge and the integration of these elementary dimensions so that appears an elaborated knowledge
Duval, Romain. "Déterminants de long terme des taux de change réels." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010019.
Dulioust, Emmanuel. "Effets à long terme de la congélation de l'embryon." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T036.
Morgado, Correia Alexandre Carlos. "Evolution à long terme de la rotation de Vénus." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077222.
Amadou, Bachir. "Planification à long terme de réseaux d'aéroports, approche d'optimisation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30016.
In the last decades with the era of globalisation, air transportation has been playing an important economic role by easing the transportation of people and goods between the different parts of the World and to remote areas within countries. The airports as ground/air intermodal terminals are the ground segment of the air transport system. Sustained investments over long periods of several decades appear essential to maintain or expand airport operations. These investments are in general costly and airport investment planning is an important issue at the local and national levels. The objective of this thesis is to present a long-term planning approach for the investments in national airports networks. A framework for the long-term generation of multimodal transportation demand scenarios at the national level, which insures coherency between the prediction of the different transportation modes and assure compatibility between the predicted air transportation flows between the considered airports, is proposed. Then the central decision problem for long-term resource allocation between the different airports of a national network is formulated as an optimization problem. This model can be solved with different demand scenarios, where extreme scenarios should provide an interval for the necessary financial effort at each stage of the planning horizon for each airport. To solve the resulting optimization problems a Dynamic Programming approach has been considered where the candidate states to be processed at each stage are generated by a Petri Net built from the undated master plans of the airports of the considered network. The proposed approach is illustrated in the case of a large under developed country (Niger Republic)
Billard, Guillemette Versace Rémy. "Activation et intégration multimodales en mémoire à long terme." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/badard_g.
Firouzmand, Mohammad. "Modélisation sinusoïdale à long terme du signal de parole." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0038.
The sinusoidal modeling of speech signaIs is usually defined on a "short term" basis, i. E. On successive frames of about 10 to 30 ms. This thesis brings a new contribution to this domain by adding to this traditional level spectral modeling an additionnal level along the temporal axis: we model the trajectories of sinusoidal parameters over durations significantly longer than the short-term frames (several hundreds of ms). Ln this study, we propose to use various long term models based on discrete cosine functions and polynomials. The adjustment to the trajectories is carried out by a weighted minimum mean square error regression, the weights of the regression being determined by perceptive criteria. For this task, a series of iterative algorithms is proposed and tested. The 101 term method is shown to be an efficient and parsimonious approach to describe the dynamics of the speech signal
Firouzmand, Mohammad. "Modélisation Sinusoïdale à Long Terme du Signal de Parole." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00211294.
Carnerero, M. I., C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, V. M. Larionov, P. S. Smith, F. D'Ammando, et al. "Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626278.
Sum, Map. "Marché du travail et emploi au Cambodge : contraintes à court terme et enjeux à long terme." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/sum_m.
The objective of the thesis consists of characterise the labour market in Cambodia by using all theoretical information. We show a detail view of changes that have happened in the Cambodian labour market and precising how these changes affect population and economy. The result of labour market analysis will show the quasi non-existing of the labour market and employment policies in Cambodia and that some theoretical framework designed to improving labour market respond partly to the actual situation of Cambodia. This is the reason for which we try to analyse the Cambodian labour market in order to find out all short and long term constraints which lock up the good functioning of Cambodian labour market and which obstruct the application of the theoretical framework. We try finally to view long term strategies for improving labour market and employment situation in Cambodia
Sum, Map Baudry Bernard. "Marché du travail et emploi au Cambodge contraintes à court terme et enjeux à long terme /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/sum_m.
Siegal, Marilyn G. "Exploratory study of the long-term unattached." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74352.
LTU subjects selected were those who had not been in a committed, intimate relationship for eight or more years; LTC subjects selected were those who had been in a marital, or equivalent, relationship for eight or more years.
The study was done in two parts. The preliminary study was qualitative and consisted of interviews of 14 subjects--seven LTUs and seven LTCs. LTU and LTC subjects were closely matched on demographic and socioeconomic variables. Emerging themes were added to the range of ideas from the review of literature. A questionnaire was developed from the comprehensive list of ideas.
The final study was quantitative; 77 subjects were administered the questionnaire designed for the study, as well as the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). LTUs' responses to the questionnaire and scores on the MCMI were compared with those of LTC subjects. All variables were subjected to discriminant function analysis, and univariate analysis.
The results showed that: (a) LTUs came from families characterized by significant separations and losses, distant relationships with parents, and little communication within the family; (b) LTUs felt significantly more alienated from others as children and adults than LTCs; (c) LTUs were significantly higher than LTCs on MCMI scales schizoid, avoidant, passive-aggressive, schizotypal, and borderline, i.e., scales of personalities characterized by problems with intimate, committed relationships; (d) LTUs were not significantly more influenced than LTCs by sociocultural changes such as the human potential movement, the women's liberation movement, and the emphasis on romance in our culture; and (e) LTUs suffered significantly more than LTCs from despair and lack of meaning in their lives, and lacked satisfying ways of meeting others with whom they would like to be involved. Implications, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are proffered.
McIntosh, Matthew. "Long-term cardiovascular adaptations to neonatal hypoxia." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110447.
INTRODUCTION: Des travaux antérieurs entrepris au laboratoire Rohlicek ont montré que l'hypoxie néonatale est associée à une élévation de la pression artérielle systolique chez les rats mâles âgés de deux mois. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, on demande si cette élévation persiste plus tard dans la maturité et si elle est également présente chez les femelles. On essaye en outre de déterminer si les hormones sexuelles ou des altérations dans le contrôle autonome jouent un rôle dans cette élévation. MÉTHODE: Des études ont été menées sur des rats adultes Sprague-Dawley des deux sexes. Un groupe expérimental a été élevé en hypoxie (FiO2 = 0,12) durant les dix premiers jours de vie et subséquemment en normaxie. Un second groupe a été élevé entièrement en normaxie. Un sous-ensemble de mâles et de femelles ont été gonadectomisés un mois avant la prise de mesures. À deux, trois et six mois, des rats étaient branchés à un transducteur de pression artérielle intravasculaire avec télémétrie pour surveillance de la pression de l'aorte abdominale. Une semaine plus tard, la pression artérielle a été mesurée durant 24 heures chez des rats ambulatoires et non contenus. RÉSULTATS: La pression systolique a été considérablement plus élevée chez des rats mâles en hypoxie à tout âge durant leur période active (nocturne) et également à 3 et 6 mois durant la période de repos (diurne) par comparaison aux rats du groupe témoin. L'ampleur de l'effet de l'hypoxie néonatale s'est accrue avec l'âge, bien que cette augmentation n'ait pas été statistiquement significative. Les femelles en hypoxie néonatale n'ont montré aucune différence dans la pression artérielle générale par comparaison aux femelles du groupe témoin. Tout comme la castration n'a pu empêcher l'apparition d'une pression artérielle élevée chez les mâles en hypoxie néonatale âgés de deux mois, l'ovariectomie de même n'a pu montrer une quelconque différence entre les femelles en hypoxie néonatale par opposition aux femelles du groupe témoin à l'âge de trois mois. Chez les rats mâles âgés de deux mois en hypoxie néonatale, la sensibilité du baroréflexe a été considérablement atrophiée durant leur période active (nocturne). CONCLUSION: Nos résultats indiquent que l'élévation de la pression artérielle chez les rats mâles adultes en hypoxie néonatale persiste plus tard dans la maturité. Cet effet semble être spécifique selon le sexe chez les animaux mâles. La découverte de la sensibilité du baroréflexe atrophiée à la suite de l'hypoxie néonatale à deux mois indique que le tonus autonome altéré, conjugué à une augmentation relative de l'activité sympathique, jouent un rôle dans l'élévation de la pression artérielle.
Dawson, Walter. "The CLASS act and long-term care policy : the politics of long-term care financing reform in the United States." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fa5269a1-8ce2-4105-b643-f9c2fffb23d8.
Esmaeelnezhad, Ali. "Stochastic long-term transmission expansion planning with HVDC links." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Deruaz, Cédric Alain. "Fractures du bassin et du cotyle : résultats à long terme /." Genève : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2001/DeruazC/these.pdf.
Kheddouci, Fawzi. "L'archivage à long terme de la maquette numérique 3D annotée." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/648/1/KHEDDOUCI_Fawzi.pdf.
Chaalali, Aurélie. "Évolution à long terme de l'écosystème estuarien de la Gironde." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922990.
Morin, Mélanie. "Effet à long terme de la douleur à la naissance." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6247.
Nasreddine, Aya. "Facteurs de risque et choix des investisseurs de long terme." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100126/document.
This thesis focuses on long term investments and risk premiums within the French financial market. The results bring evidence supporting placements in long term, risky and productive assets. In terms of portfolio management, this thesis brings several answers regarding the optimal allocation strategies. The first article demonstrates that the French financial market is weak form efficient since we could not reject the random walk hypothesis based on the variance ratio methodology. This first contribution implies that abnormal returns are resulting from risk factors and not from anomalies. Thus, the second article revisits famous asset pricing models and highlights optimal portfolio strategies. We find that value and momentum premiums are persistent in the French market. However, size premium is only observable in extreme book to market and momentum strategies. Moreover, we show that market portfolio choice is sine qua non to models performances and that the latest is surprisingly increasing in times of distress. The third article considers the term structure of risk-return tradeoff. Based on a VAR model, we find that excess annualized standard deviation of stocks excess returns with respect to bonds and bills decreases as we lengthen investment horizon which means that investors may bias their portfolios towards safe assets and neglect additional return. Furthermore, we measured the time diversification effect among stock portfolios by distinguishing small and big capitalizations and prove that it is more profitable to hold small capitalizations than big capitalizations stocks in the long run. These results shed light on inefficient prudential rules from the viewpoint of policyholders on one hand, and, on the other hand, highlight the necessity of implementing measures to revive the markets for small enterprises and facilitate their access to direct financing through the market
ROSNET, CAYLA MARIE-ANNE. "Les bronchiolites aigues du nourrisson : etude prospective a long terme." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13045.
Leroux, Lionel. "Suivi à long terme après revascularisation myocardique par athérectomie directionnelle." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23006.
HAJ-IBRAHIM, FIRAS. "Fiabilite de la prevision de croissance archiale a long terme." Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT01OD.