Готові списки джерел за темами / NVC parametres

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "NVC parametres"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "NVC parametres"

Ferrari, G., S. Paolino, A. Sulli, C. Pizzorni, G. Pacini, E. Gotelli, A. Lercara, V. Smith, and M. Cutolo. "AB0408 DOES THE PRESENCE IN THE SERUM OF ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES CORRELATE WITH SPECIFIC/NON SPECIFIC CAPILLAROSCOPIC ABNORMALITIES?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1504.2–1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4881.

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Background:Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by specific vascular and obstetric manifestations and by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) positivity [1].To date, little is known regarding nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) alterations in APS patients and in asymptomatic aPL-carriers, non-specific abnormalities being the most frequently reported [2,3,4].Objectives:To retrospectively analyze NVC alterations in APS patients and in asymptomatic aPL-carriers and to correlate NCV alterations with both clinical manifestations and serum aPL profile.Methods:Thirty-five aPL positive patients having received at least one NCV investigation (mean age 47 years, range 16-81, 31 female and 4 male) were retrospectively included in the study. For each patient complete medical history was collected with a particular attention to past vascular thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Patients were classified as affected by APS according to the updated Sapporo classification criteria [5]. Lupus anticoagulant (LAC), IgM and IgG anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACL) and IgM and IgG anti-Beta2 Glycoprotein 1 (anti-B2GP1) were assessed in each patient according to the recommended procedures [5]. NCV parameters were analyzed in each patient, with a particular interest to hemorrhages or nailfold bed-parallel hemosiderin deposits (“comb-like”hemorrhages) presence [2,6]. Statistical analysis was performed by parametric and non-parametric tests.Results:Seventeen patients (mean age 49 years, range 16-81 years) were asymptomatic aPL-carriers and 18 (mean age 46 years, range 26-71 years) were affected by APS. Within APS patients, 16 had a history of vascular thrombosis and 2 had pregnancy morbidity; in 6 patients APS was secondary to other autoimmune rheumatologic conditions (3 to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 2 to vasculitides and 1 to Mixed Connective Tissue Disease).Among the total number of aPL-carriers and APS patients six patients showed a normal NVC pattern, 24 patients had non-specific NVC abmormalities and 5 patients had a “scleroderma-like” pattern. Interestingly, NCV microhemorrhages were significantly more frequent in APS patients than in asymptomatic aPL-carriers, both in score and in absolute (p=0.05 andp=0.04, respectively). Particularly, in APS patients “comb-like”hemorrhages had a statistically significant higher prevalence than isolated hemorrhages (p=0.03). Dilated capillaries score was significantly higher in APS patients than in asymptomatic aPL-carriers (p=0.01).Not any statistically significant difference was observed regarding other capillary parameters (score of giant capillaries, loss of capillaries, or anormal shpaes, i.e. angiogenesis). Not any statistical correlation was observed between NVC parameters and different aPL profile.Conclusion:The study shows that the total number of microhemorrhages and in particular the“comb-like”subtype, are significantly the most frequent specific abnormalities in APL patients when compared to asymptomatic aPL carriers. The presence of the “scleroderma like” NVC pattern may suggest a concomitant overlap syndrome. Not any correlation was found between aPL profile and other NVC parameters. Further studies need to develop a more specific APS NVC pattern for APS patients.References:[1]Tektonidou MG, et al RMD Open 2019; 5(1);[2]Cutolo M, Elsevier 2010, pp141-143;[3]Candela M, et al.1998:444-9;[4]Aslanidis S, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2011, 29:307-9;[5]Miyakis S, et al. J Thromb Haemost 2006, 4:295–306;[6]Cutolo M, et al Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2008, 22:1093-108Disclosure of Interests: :Giorgia Ferrari: None declared, Sabrina Paolino: None declared, Alberto Sulli Grant/research support from: Laboratori Baldacci, Carmen Pizzorni: None declared, Greta Pacini: None declared, Emanuele Gotelli: None declared, Adriano Lercara: None declared, Vanessa Smith Grant/research support from: The affiliated company received grants from Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgian Fund for Scientific Research in Rheumatic diseases (FWRO), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and Janssen-Cilag NV, Consultant of: Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Speakers bureau: Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and UCB Biopharma Sprl, Maurizio Cutolo Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Actelion, Celgene, Consultant of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Speakers bureau: Sigma-Alpha

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Manava, Panagiota, Peter Hastreiter, Roland E. Schmieder, Susanne Jung, Rudolf Fahlbusch, Arnd Dörfler, Michael M. Lell, Michael Buchfelder, and Ramin Naraghi. "Neurovascular Compression in Arterial Hypertension: Correlation of Clinical Data to 3D-Visualizations of MRI-Findings." Open Neuroimaging Journal 14, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874440002114010016.

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Aims: In this study, we attempted to identify clinical parameters predicting the absence or presence of Neurovascular Compression (NVC) at the Ventrolateral Medulla (VLM) in arterial hypertension (HTN) in MRI findings. Background: Cardiovascular and pulmonary afferences are transmitted through the left vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve to the brain stem and vasoactive centers. Evidence supports the association between HTN and NVC at the left VLM. Several independent studies indicate a reduction of HTN after Microvascular Decompression (MVD) of the left. Several independent studies indicate a reduction of HTN after Microvascular Decompression (MVD) of the left VLM. Image processing of MRI provides comprehensible detection of NVC. HTN affects hemodynamic parameters and organs. Objective: This study analyzes and correlates clinical data and MRI findings in patients with and without NVC at the VLM in treatment resistant HTN to obtain possible selection criteria for neurogenic hypertension. Methods: In 44 patients with treatment resistant HTN, we compared MRI findings of neurovascular imaging to demographic, clinical and lifestyle data, office and 24-hour ambulatory Blood Pressure (BP), and cardiovascular imaging and parameters. Results: Twenty-nine (66%) patients had evidence of NVC at the VLM in MRI. Sixteen patients (36%) had unilateral NVC on the left side, 7 (16%) unilateral right and 6 (14%) bilateral NVC. Fifteen (34%) had no evidence of NVC at the VLM. Patients with left sided NVC were significantly younger, than those without NVC (p=0.034). They showed a statistically significant variance in daytime (p=0.020) and nighttime diastolic BP (p<0.001) as the mean arterial pressure (p=0.020). Other measured parameters did not show significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: We suggest to examine young adults with treatment resistant HTN for the presence of NVC at VLM, before signs of permanent organ damage appear. Clinical and hemodynamic parameters did not emerge as selection criteria to predict NVC. MVD as a surgical treatment of NVC in HTN is not routine yet as a surgical treatment of NVC in HTN is not routine yet. Detection of NVC by imaging and image processing remains the only criteria to suggest MVD, which should be indicated on an individual decision.

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Raeeszadeh, Mahdieh, Behzad Karimfar, Ali Akbar Amiri, and Abolfazl Akbari. "Protective Effect of Nano-Vitamin C on Infertility due to Oxidative Stress Induced by Lead and Arsenic in Male Rats." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (September 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9589345.

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Occupational and environmental exposure to heavy metals such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) by inducing oxidative damage may impair male fertility. However, there is a new view that shows that the nano form of vitamins such as vitamin C, which have antioxidant activity, can be effective in improving this disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of NVC (NVC) on reproductive toxicity caused by the combination of Pb and As on testicular histology, sperm morphology, oxidative stress parameters, and hormonal changes in male rats. In this experimental study, forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, NVC (200 mg/kg), As (50 ppm sodium arsenate), Pb (500 ppm Pb acetate), As + NVC, and Pb + NVC. FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were measured in serum. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), carbonyl protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured in testis. Histological examination and sperm parameters were also evaluated. FSH, LH, and testosterone levels and sperm parameters significantly decreased, and levels of protein carbonyl, MDA, and DNA fragmentation increased in the As and Pb groups, while treatment with NVC could improve them. Histological evaluation and sperm parameters in As and Pb groups showed damage in the process of spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. The treatment with NVC could significantly improve these parameters. The activity of GPx, SOD, and CAT in testis decreased in As and Pb groups, while treatment with NVC could enhance them. It can be concluded that NVC by inhibiting oxidative damage and improving serum level of testosterone, LH, and FSH could overcome As- and Pb-induced reproductive dysfunction.

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Yongfeng, Piao, Jiang Chuner, Wang Lei, Yan Fengqin, Ye Zhimin, Fu Zhenfu, Jiang Haitao, Jiang Yangming, and Wang Fangzheng. "The Usefulness of Pretreatment MR-Based Radiomics on Early Response of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma." Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics 28, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096504020x16022401878096.

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The aim of this study was to explore the predictive role of pretreatment MRI-based radiomics on early response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Between January 2016 and December 2016, a total of 108 newly diagnosed NPC patients who were hospitalized in the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences were reviewed. All patients had complete data of enhanced MR of nasopharynx before treatment, and then received two to three cycles of TP-based NAC. After 2 cycles of NAC, enhanced MR of nasopharynx was conducted again. Compared with the enhanced MR images before treatment, the response after NAC was evaluated. According to the evaluation criteria of RECIST1.1, 108 cases were divided into two groups: 52 cases for the NAC-sensitive group and 56 cases for the NAC-resistance group. ITK-SNAP software was used to manually sketch and segment the region of interest (ROI) of nasopharyngeal tumor on the MR enhanced T1WI sequence image. The parameters were analyzed and extracted by using AI Kit software. ANOVA/MW test, correlation analysis, and LASSO were used to select texture features. We used multivariate logistic regressions to select texture features and establish a predictive model. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the efficiency of the predictive model. A total of 396 texture features were obtained by using feature calculation. After all features were screened, we selected two features including ClusterShade_angle135_offset4 and Correlation_AllDirection_offshe1_SD. Based on these two features, we established a predictive model by using multivariate logistic regression. The AUC of the two features used alone (0.804, 95% CI=0.6020.932; 0.762, 95% CI=0.5560.905) was smaller than the combination of these two features (0.905, 95% CI=0.7240.984, p=0.0005). Moreover, the sensitivity values of the two features used alone and the combined use were 92.9%, 51.7%, and 85.7%, respectively, while the specificity values were 66.7%, 91.7%, and 83.3%, respectively, in the early response of NAC for NPC. The predictive model based on MRI-enhanced sequence imaging could distinguish the sensitivity and resistance to NAC and provide new biomarkers for the early prediction of the curative effect in NPC patients.

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Aslam, Muhammad, and Mansour Sattam Aldosari. "Inspection Strategy under Indeterminacy Based on Neutrosophic Coefficient of Variation." Symmetry 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020193.

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The existing sampling plans which use the coefficient of variation (CV) are designed under classical statistics. These available sampling plans cannot be used for sentencing if the sample or the population has indeterminate, imprecise, unknown, incomplete or uncertain data. In this paper, we introduce the neutrosophic coefficient of variation (NCV) first. We design a sampling plan based on the NCV. The neutrosophic operating characteristic (NOC) function is then given and used to determine the neutrosophic plan parameters under some constraints. The neutrosophic plan parameters such as neutrosophic sample size and neutrosophic acceptance number are determined through the neutrosophic optimization solution. We compare the efficiency of the proposed plan under the neutrosophic statistical interval method with the sampling plan under classical statistics. A real example which has indeterminate data is given to illustrate the proposed plan.

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Lopatin, V. V. "DEVELOPMENT OF REQUIREMENTS AND SIMULATION OF THE PROCESS OF IGNITION OF EXPLOSION-HAZARDOUS MIXTURE BY A LOW VOLTAGE MEASURING CIRCUIT." METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUALITY CONTROL, no. 2(47) (December 29, 2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9981-2021-2(47)-96-104.

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The current lack of literature on the safe use of low-voltage measuring circuits in coal mines leads to the fact that they are trying to make unreasonable demands or simply prohibit their use under any far-fetched pretext. At the same time, measuring low-voltage circuits are an important integral component of diagnostics and information content of mining equipment control systems. This is due to the fact that the theory and models of the ignition of a methane-air mine atmosphere (MMA) solve problems in a narrow setting and cannot be used in the general mine case. The article identifies the conditions and parameters for the ignition of the MMA from the low-voltage measuring circuit (NVC),developed criteria for the ignition of the form the NVC, the existing model of the possible ignition process of the MMA from the NVTs is finalized. Currently, there are two theories of ignition of the HCV: thermal and ionic. From the author's point of view, the thermal model of VSH ignition from the electric discharge of the NSC is based on the analysis of the propagation of the temperature wave from some heat source in an inert environment. The thermal ignition model of VHS does not take into account many details of the physics of the combustion mechanism, such as the chain nature of individual acts of chemical interaction, the activation energy of molecules in the formation of active centers, and it is based on postulating some electric discharge. An assessment of the intrinsic safety and the possibility of self-expansion of the NVC flame core has been carried out. The approbation of research at three foreign conferences and the interest of foreign colleagues in them are shown. The article contains links to the state budget topics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the numbers of state registration of Ukraine.

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Tao, Zhou, Huo Bing-qiang, Lu Huiling, Shi Hongbin, Yang Pengfei, and Ding Hongsheng. "18F-FDG-PET/CT Whole-Body Imaging Lung Tumor Diagnostic Model: An Ensemble E-ResNet-NRC with Divided Sample Space." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 1, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8865237.

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Under the background of 18F-FDG-PET/CT multimodal whole-body imaging for lung tumor diagnosis, for the problems of network degradation and high dimension features during convolutional neural network (CNN) training, beginning with the perspective of dividing sample space, an E-ResNet-NRC (ensemble ResNet nonnegative representation classifier) model is proposed in this paper. The model includes the following steps: (1) Parameters of a pretrained ResNet model are initialized using transfer learning. (2) Samples are divided into three different sample spaces (CT, PET, and PET/CT) based on the differences in multimodal medical images PET/CT, and ROI of the lesion was extracted. (3) The ResNet neural network was used to extract ROI features and obtain feature vectors. (4) Individual classifier ResNet-NRC was constructed with nonnegative representation NRC at a fully connected layer. (5) Ensemble classifier E-ResNet-NRC was constructed using the “relative majority voting method.” Finally, two network models, AlexNet and ResNet-50, and three classification algorithms, nearest neighbor classification algorithm (NNC), softmax, and nonnegative representation classification algorithm (NRC), were combined to compare with the E-ResNet-NRC model in this paper. The experimental results show that the overall classification performance of the Ensemble E-ResNet-NRC model is better than the individual ResNet-NRC, and specificity and sensitivity are more higher; the E-ResNet-NRC has better robustness and generalization ability.

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Aidelman, Yael, Lydia S. Cidale, Juan Zorec, and María L. Arias. "B stars in open clusters: fundamental parameters." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S272 (July 2010): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311010544.

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AbstractWe use the BCD spectrophotometric classification system to derive fundamental parameters of B stars in NGC 2439, NGC 3766 and NGC 6087. We are able to perform a complete study of each open cluster by deriving spectral classification of its members, distance modulus and age as well.

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Barbuy, B., S. Ortolani, E. Bica, A. Renzini, and M. D. Guarnieri. "Stellar parameters in the bulge cluster NGC 6553." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 189 (1997): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900116699.

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Globular clusters in the Galactic bulge form a flattened system, extending from the Galactic center to about 4.5 kpc from the Sun (Barbuy et al. 1997). A study of abundance ratios in these clusters is very important for a more complete understanding of the bulge formation. In this work we present a spectroscopic analysis of individual stars in NGC 6553. This cluster is a key one because it is located at d⊙ ≍ 5.1 kpc, therefore relatively close to us, and at the same time it is representative of the Galactic bulge stellar population: (a) Ortolani et al. (1995) showed that NGC 6553 and NGC 6528 show very similar Colour-Magnitude Diagrams (CMDs), and NGC 6528 is located at d⊙ ≍ 7.83 kpc, very close to the Galactic center; (b) the stellar populations of the Baade Window is also very similar to that of NGC 6553 and NGC 6528 as Ortolani et al. (1995) have shown by comparing their luminosity functions.

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Yakimov, Boris P., Yury I. Gurfinkel, Denis A. Davydov, Anastasia S. Allenova, Gleb S. Budylin, Vladimir Yu Vasiliev, Vera Yu Soldatova, et al. "Pericapillary Edema Assessment by Means of the Nailfold Capillaroscopy and Laser Scanning Microscopy." Diagnostics 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10121107.

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Edema, i.e., fluid accumulation in the interstitial space, accompanies numerous pathological states of the human organism, including heart failure (HF), inflammatory response, and lymphedema. Nevertheless, techniques for quantitative assessment of the edema’s severity and dynamics are absent in clinical practice, and the analysis is mainly limited to physical examination. This fact stimulates the development of novel methods for fast and reliable diagnostics of fluid retention in tissues. In this work, we focused on the possibilities of two microscopic techniques, nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), in the assessment of the short-term and long-term cutaneous edema. We showed that for the patients with HF, morphological parameters obtained by NVC—namely, the apical diameter of capillaries and the size of the perivascular zone—indicate long-term edema. On the other hand, for healthy volunteers, the application of two models of short-term edema, venous occlusion, and histamine treatment of the skin, did not reveal notable changes in the capillary parameters. However, a significant reduction of the NVC image sharpness was observed in this case, which was suggested to be due to water accumulation in the epidermis. To verify these findings, we made use of CLSM, which provides the skin structure with cellular resolution. It was observed that for the histamine-treated skin, the areas of the dermal papillae become hyporefractive, leading to the loss of contrast and the lower visibility of capillaries. Similar effect was observed for patients undergoing infusion therapy. Collectively, our results reveal the parameters can be used for pericapillary edema assessment using the NVC and CLSM, and paves the way for their application in a clinical set-up.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "NVC parametres"

Браге, Ксенія Сергіївна. "Метод вимірювання НВЧ- параметрів матеріалів на основі тонкого діелектричного резонатора". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/22979.

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В даній роботі розглянуто питання загальних теоретичних відомостей з складених та тонких діелектричних резонаторів та методів вимірювання вимірювання НВЧ параметрів діелектричних матеріалів. Досліджено метод тонкого діелектричного резонатора та наведено результати експерементальних досліджень. При досліджені тонких діелектричних плівок виникають труднощі, тому що методи не забезпечують достатньої точності. При дослідженні метода тонких плівок результати показали, що при зменшенні товщини базового резонатора, збільшується точність. Тому метою роботи є адаптація методу складеного діелектричного резонатора для вимірювання параметрів тонких плівок. Для досягнення поставленої мети необхідно було вирішити наступні задачі: 1. Проаналізувати існуючи методи вимірюваняя НВЧ – параметрів діелектричних матеріалів. 2. Проаналізувати властивості тонкого діелектричного резонатора (ТДР). 3. Запропонувати метод дослідження параметрів тонких плівок на основі ТДР. 4. Експерементально перевірити метод тонких плівок на основі ТДР. Предметом і об’єктом даної робот є: Об’єкт: тонкий діелектричний резонатор Предмет: електродинамічні властивості тонкого діелектриного резонатора Наукова новизна: Теоретичне та експериментальне дослідження електро-динамічних властивостей ТДР показує, що на основі ТДР можна з достатньою точністю вимірювати НВЧ – властивості тонких діелектричних плівок.
In the given work, the nutritional pockets of the teoretical publications are stored in those thin dielectric resonators and the method of determining the NVH parameters in the power electronics. The method of a thin dielectric resonator is applied to the result of the experimental data. When study slim dielectric films arise difficulties, to that method do not gave accuracy. When the method of thin plots is used, the results have been shown, when the basic resonator is changed, the accuracy is determined. To the method of robotics is adaptation to the method of the stored dielectric resonator for the parameterization of thin cells. For achivment it's delivered goal it was necessary to solve the problem: 1. Analyze existing methods 2. Analyze power of a thin dielectric resonator (TDR). 3.Propose method of study parameters in the small films on the basis of the TDR. 4. Experimentally check method of thin plvok on the basis of the TDR. The subject і objective of this work is: Ob'ekt: thin dielectric resonator Subject: Electrodynamic power of a thin dielectric resonator Science novelty: Theoretically, this experiment is complementary to the electric-dynamical authorities of the TDR, but on the basis of the TDR, it is possible to obtain the accuracy of the NVCH - the power of subtle electrical add-ons.

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Belák, Kristián. "Určení NVH parametrů skříně převodovky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378021.

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This master’s thesis deals with determination of NVH parameters of the gearbox housing. Introductory part is focused on the necessary theoretical knowledge. Subsequently, it contains the modal analysis with the computational and experimental approach, which are being compared to each other. In the case of the computational approach, analysis of the influence of bolt pretension on the modal properties is also involved. The thesis continues with the harmonic analysis with the computational and experimental approach, including their mutual comparison. Based on these analyses, design modifications for improvement of the NVH parameters are designed at the end of the thesis, which are being compared to each other and to the original geometry, using the computational approach.

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David, Jan. "NVH převodového ústrojí pro elektromobily." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433548.

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This master’s thesis deals with determination of NVH parameters of the gearbox housing for electric vehicle. The introduction part is focused on the theoretical knowledge of this issue. Subsequently, the deviations of geometry on the gearbox were measure by 3D scan method. The next part of thesis is focused on the modal analysis, which is solved by numerical approach and followed by experimental verification. During the numerical calculation solving, the influence of the screw preloading on the modal properties of the structure, was also taken into account. Numerical harmonic analysis was then performed and the results were compared with the experimental approach. The conclusion is devoted to material damping and comparison of the individual results.

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Bouchner, Michal. "Určení NVH parametrů rovinné desky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378142.

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The aim of this thesis is examination and verification of numeric model for solving acoustics and vibration problems. Specifically, we are speaking about cast iron plate machined from gearbox. Main objectives of this work is set of experimental and numerical analysis at this simplified part with follow-up numerical model, where same analyses examining not only structure, but especially acoustic space around were performed. Due to this we were able to compare data between experimental and numerical analyses and to be able to prove or disprove functionality and limitation of numerical model.

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Coelho, Paula Rodrigues Teixeira. "Determinação de parâmetros atmosféricos de estrelas em NGC 6528 e NGC 6553 - aglomerados globulares de referência para o estudo de populações ricas em metais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-08052002-153720/.

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Os aglomerados globulares ricos em metais do bojo são uma peça chave na compreensão da história evolutiva da nossa Galáxia e o estudo dessas populações estelares simples pode fornecer vínculos importantes aos modelos de formação do bojo galáctico. Neste trabalho apresentamos o estudo feito com 22 estrelas dos aglomerados globulares NGC 6528 e NGC 6553, aglomerados representativos da população estelar do bojo. Através do uso de dados fotométricos e espectroscópicos determinamos a velocidade radial, temperatura efetiva, gravidade superficial e metalicidade das estrelas. Encontramos parâmetros que cobrem os intervalos 3200 <= Tef <= 5000K e -0.5 <= log g <= 2.4, representando portanto uma faixa de estágios evolutivos do aglomerado. O valor médio de [Fe/H] para os dois aglomerados foi estimado em -0.5dex, tanto pelo uso de índices de metalicidade de Lick, de calibrações de larguras equivalentes de TiO W(TiO) em função de parâmetros atmosféricos e principalmente através de espectros sintéticos. Foram encontrados também indícios de sobreabundância de elementos a. Essas estrelas estudadas são estrelas de referência para o estudo de populações estelares velhas e ricas em metais, de modo que testar e calibrar os espectros sintéticos com esses espectros estelares é um importante passo para garantir a qualidade dos espectros sintéticos na síntese de populações estelares.
The metal-rich bulge globular clusters are a keystone for the understanding of the evolutionary history of our Galaxy and the study of the bulge stellar populations provides constraints to models of bulge formation. In this work we present the study of 22 stars in the globular clusters NGC 6528 and NGC 6553, templates of the metal-rich populations of the bulge. With the use of photometric and spectroscopic data, we have found the radial velocities, effective temperatures, gravities and metallicities of these stars. The parameters found are in the range 3200 <= Tef <= 5000K and -0.5 <= log g <= 2.4, covering from the Horizontal Branch to the tip of the Red Giant Branch evolutionary stages. The mean metallicity determined was [Fe/H] = -0.5 dex, from the Lick indices, calibrations of equivalent widths of TiO as a function of stellar parameters and comparisons to the synthetic spectra. A trend is found for an overabundance of a elements. These stars are templates for the study of old metal-rich stellar populations and the fitting of the synthetic spectra to the observed stellar spectra is an important check of the quality of the synthetic spectra for stellar population synthesis.

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Otipka, Václav. "Konstrukční návrh zkušebního stavu s uzavřenou smyčkou toku momentu pro experimentální ověření parametrů převodových ústrojí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378013.

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The thesis deals with the design of the experimental testing rig. Test rig is designed to measure NVH transmission parameters. First, basic knowledge of vibro-acoustic measurement is discussed. This is followed by an evaluation of the most commonly used power devices to derive real loads on measured gearboxes. In more detail, a back-to-back test rig is disassembled among other things. In the thesis are described two main components, which are composed of a connecting element and a test bench. Both components were optimized during the design due to their modal properties. Numerical modal analysis was performed in ANSYS Workbench software. The thesis also includes strength calculations performed using both numerical and analytical approaches. The indispensable result of the design work is the complete drawing documentation. Finally, measurements of vibrations and noise on the physically made connecting element assembly have been performed and subsequently evaluated.

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Hatna, Abdelmadjid. "Investigation of pre-processing approaches for NC machining of sculptured surfaces." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324767.

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Koshida, Shintaro, Yuzuru Yoshii, Yukiyasu Kobayashi, Takeo Minezaki, Keigo Enya, Masahiro Suganuma, Hiroyuki Tomita, Tsutomu Aoki, and Bruce A. Peterson. "Calibration of AGN Reverberation Distance Measurements." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624678.

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In Yoshii et al., we described a new method for measuring extragalactic distances based on dust reverberation in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and we validated our new method with Cepheid variable stars. In this Letter, we validate our new method with Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that occurred in two of the AGN host galaxies during our AGN monitoring program: SN 2004bd in NGC 3786 and SN 2008ec in NGC 7469. Their multicolor light curves were observed and analyzed using two widely accepted methods for measuring SN distances, and the distance moduli derived are m= 33.47 +/- 0.15 for SN 2004bd and 33.83 +/- 0.07 for SN 2008ec. These results are used to obtain independently the distance measurement calibration factor, g. The g value obtained from the SN Ia discussed in this Letter is gSN= 10.61 +/- 0.50, which matches, within the range of 1s uncertainty, gDUST = 10.60, previously calculated ab initio in Yoshii et al. Having validated our new method for measuring extragalactic distances, we use our new method to calibrate reverberation distances derived from variations of Ha emission in the AGN broad-line region, extending the Hubble diagram to z approximate to 0.3 where distinguishing between cosmologies is becoming possible.

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Bharadwaj, Shashank. "Investigation of oxide thickness dependence of Fowler-Nordheim parameter B." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000251.

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Gruyters, Pieter. "Exploring the Chemical Evolution of Globular Clusters and their Stars : Observational Constraints on Atomic Diffusion and Cluster Pollution in NGC 6752 and M4." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Observationell astrofysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230182.

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Through the cosmic matter cycle, the chemical evolution of the Milky Way is imprinted in the elemental abundance patterns of late-type stars (spectral types F to K). Due to their long lifetimes ( 1 Hubble time), these stars are of particular importance when it comes to studying the build-up of elements during the early times of our Galaxy. The chemical composition of the atmospheric layers of such stars is believed to resemble the gas from which they were formed. However, recent observations in globular clusters seem to contradict this assumption. The observations indicate that processes are at work that alter the surface compositions in these stars. The combined effect of processes responsible for an exchange of material between the stellar interior and atmosphere during the main sequence lifetime of the star, is referred to as atomic diffusion. Yet, the extent to which these processes alter surface abundances is still debated. By comparing abundances in unevolved and evolved stars all drawn from the same stellar population, any surface abundance anomalies can be traced. The anomalies, if found, can be compared to theoretical predictions from stellar structure models including atomic diffusion. Globular clusters provide stellar populations suitable to conduct such a comparison. In this thesis, the results of three independent analyses of two globular clusters, NGC 6752 and M4, at different metallicities are presented. The comparison between observations and models yields constraints on the models and finally a better understanding of the physical processes at work inside stars.

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Книги з теми "NVC parametres"

Choliĭ, V. I͡A. Sovmestnoe opredelenie parametrov vrashchenii͡a Zemli (PVZ) i nepoli͡arnykh izmeneniĭ koordinat stant͡siĭ (NPC). Kiev: VINITI, 1991.

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Prussing, John E. Second-Order Conditions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811084.003.0009.

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Second-order conditions for both parameter optimization problems and optimal control problems are analysed. A new conjugate point test procedure is discussed and illustrated. For an optimal control problem we will examine the second variation of the cost. The first variation subject to constraints provides first-order NC for a minimum of J. Second-order conditions provide SC a minimum.

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Chaisty, Paul, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power. Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817208.001.0001.

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This book provides the first cross-regional study of an increasingly important form of politics: coalitional presidentialism. Drawing on original research of minority presidents in the democratizing and hybrid regimes of Armenia, Benin, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Kenya, Malawi, Russia, and Ukraine, it seeks to understand how presidents who lack single party legislative majorities build and manage cross-party support in legislative assemblies. It develops a framework for analysing this phenomenon, and blends data from MP surveys, detailed case studies, and wider legislative and political contexts, to analyse systematically the tools that presidents deploy to manage their coalitions. Paul Chaisty, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power focus on five key legislative, cabinet, partisan, budget, and informal (exchange of favours) tools that are utilized by minority presidents. They contend that these constitute the ‘toolbox’ for coalition management, and argue that minority presidents will act with imperfect or incomplete information to deploy the tool or tools that provide(s) the highest return of political support with the lowest expenditure of political capital. In developing this analysis, the book assembles a set of concepts, definitions, indicators, analytical frameworks, and propositions that establish the main parameters of coalitional presidentialism. In this way, Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective provides crucial insights into this mode of governance.

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Частини книг з теми "NVC parametres"

Luzhnov, Petr V., Dmitry M. Shamaev, Elena N. Iomdina, Gayane A. Markosyan, Elena P. Tarutta, and Alisa A. Sianosyan. "Using quantitative parameters of ocular blood filling with transpalpebral rheoophthalmography." In EMBEC & NBC 2017, 37–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5122-7_10.

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Brombin, Chiara, Luigi Salmaso, Lara Fontanella, Luigi Ippoliti, and Caterina Fusilli. "Applications of NPC Methodology." In Parametric and Nonparametric Inference for Statistical Dynamic Shape Analysis with Applications, 73–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26311-3_5.

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Pawlak, Mariusz, Wojciech Klein, Arkadiusz Mężyk, Wojciech Danek, Michał Sobota, and Jakub Włodarczyk. "Estimation of kinematic parameters in a model of artificial aortic valve leaflets." In EMBEC & NBC 2017, 510–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5122-7_128.

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Matur, Fırat, Nermin Ozturk, and Yekta Ulgen. "Prediction of Bone Mineral Density in Menopaused Women by Using Bioimpedance Parameters." In EMBEC & NBC 2017, 807–10. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5122-7_202.

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Telyshev, Dmitry V., Eduard A. Mindubaev, Igor V. Nesterenko, and Sergey V. Selishchev. "Investigation of LVAD Sputnik electrical parameters for modified geometry of the rotor." In EMBEC & NBC 2017, 1073–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5122-7_268.

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Yanık, Hüseyin, Evren Değirmenci, Belgin Büyükakıllı, Derya Çıtırık, and Olgu Hallıoğlu. "Determination of Drug Activity on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension using Time Domain Parameters of ECG." In EMBEC & NBC 2017, 338–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5122-7_85.

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Barbuy, B., S. Ortolani, E. Bica, A. Renzini, and M. D. Guarnieri. "Stellar Parameters in the Bulge Cluster NGC 6553." In Fundamental Stellar Properties: The Interaction Between Observation and Theory, 203–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5602-8_28.

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Millitzer, Jonathan, Jan Hansmann, Giovanni Lapiccirella, Christoph Tamm, and Sven Herold. "Tuning and Emulation of Mechanical Characteristics – Tunable Mounts and a Mechanical Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach for More Efficient Research and Testing." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 129–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_12.

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AbstractNumerical simulations offer a wide range of benefits, therefore they are widely used in research and development. One of the biggest benefits is the possibility of automated parameter variation. This allow testing different scenarios in a very short period of time. Nevertheless, physical experiments in the laboratory or on a test rig are still necessary and will still be necessary in the future. The physical experiments offer benefits e.g. for very complex and/or nonlinear systems and are needed for the validation of numerical models.Fraunhofer LBF has developed hardware solutions to bring the benefit of rapid and automated parameter variation to experimental environments. These solutions allow the tuning and emulation of the mechanical properties, like stiffness, damping and eigenfrequencies of structures.The work presents two approaches: First a stiffness tunable mount, which has been used in laboratory tests in the field of semi-active load path redistribution. It allowed the researcher to test the semi-active system under different mechanical boundary conditions in a short period of time. Second, a mechanical Hardware-in-the-loop (mHIL) approach for the NVH development of vehicles components is presented. Here a mHIL-system is used to emulate the mechanical characteristics of a vehicle’s body in white in a wide frequency range. This allows the experimental NVH optimization of vehicle components under realistic boundary conditions, without actually needing a (prototype) body in white.

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GonÇAlves, Denise R. "Physical Parameters of Low-Ionization Knots and Jets in PNE: NGC 7009, K 4-47, and NGC 6543." In Jets in Young Stellar Objects, 245–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0999-7_40.

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Voicu, V. A., C. Mircioiu, M. Jiquidi, R. Gref, and M. Olteanu. "Studies Concerning some Effects of Drugs, Colloid Vectors for Drugs and Decorporators on Blood Global Physico-Chemical Parameters." In NBC Risks Current Capabilities and Future Perspectives for Protection, 311–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4641-8_27.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "NVC parametres"

Tsugawa, Takuji. "Case Study of Impeller Profile Considering Additional Parameters." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56059.

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In the previous paper, the optimum meridian profile of impeller was obtained for various specific speed by means of five shape factors. In this paper, the optimum meridian profile of impeller is obtained by means of eight shape factors. The basic five shape factors are inlet relative flow angle β1, turning angle Δβ, axial velocity ratio kc = Cm2/Cm1 impeller diameter ratio kd = D1c/D2c and outlet hub-tip ratio ν2 (β1 and Δβ are in mid span stream surface). The additional three parameters are three stream lines solidity (tip solidity σt, mid span solidity σc, and hub solidity σh). The blade length of impeller meridian profile is able to obtain by additional three parameters. The method of optimization is the calculation of hydraulic efficiency and suction specific speed in all combinations of eight shape parameters. The number of five shape factors are expressed by Nβ1, NΔβ, Nkc, Nkd, Nν2. The number of calculations is expressed by Nβ1 × NΔβ × Nkc × Nkd × Nν2. For example, Nβ1 = NΔβ = Nkc = Nkd = Nν2 = 40, the number of calculations is about 100000000. The calculation time is about 2 hours. The best parameters are selected in 100000000 cases. In case of eight shape factors, the number of calculation is Nβ1 × NΔβ × Nkc × Nkd × Nν2 × Nσt × Nσc × Nσh. Nβ1 = NΔβ = Nkc = Nkd = Nν2 = Nσt = Nσc = Nσh = 10, the number of calculation is 100000000. In this case, the calculation time of eight shape factors is as same as that of five shape factors. By means of this method, the more detailed optimum mixed flow impeller meridian shape is obtained. In case study, the best 1000 optimum meridian profiles and the best design parameter are selected for few kinds of specific speed using eight dimensional optimum method. In the previous paper, the mixed flow angle on tip meridian stream line isn’t able to be decided by this optimization using diffusion factor. But, in this paper, the mixed flow angle is able to be decided by the number of blade and optimum solidity. As the best solidity of three stream lines is obtained, the axial coordinates of impeller inlet and outlet are obtained. The more detailed optimum mixed flow impeller meridian shape is drawn.

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Peixoto, Cátia, Klara Slezakova, Maria do Carmo Pereira, and Simone Morais. "The comfort parameters in indoor air of sports facilities with different ventilation regimes." In 4th Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. FEUP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-279-8_0037-0042.

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Introduction: In Portugal, during COVID19pandemic, sport and fitness facilities were closed. When lockdown has been lifted, in order to prevent the spread of infection, indoor sport facilities were subject to specific regulations that limited indoor occupancy as well as manner of air ventilation. This study aims to analyze the impacts of these ventilation restrictions on indoor air comfort parameters in sport fitness facilities. Methodology: Temperature (T; ºC), relative humidity (RH; %), and carbon dioxide (CO2) were continuously monitored (41 days; spring and autumn) in four fitness centers situated in Oporto metropolitan area: two of them under normal ventilation conditions (i.e. before lockdown; NV1 and NV2) and two of them under temporary restrictions for indoor ventilations and occupancy (RV1 and RV2). Results and Discussion: Under normal ventilation conditions, T in fitness centers slightly varied (in NV1:22-25 ºC; NV2: 20-23 ºC) but in both clubs the comfort recommendations (18-25 ºC) were fulfilled. On contrary, RH were below guideline values (55-75%) in NV1 (47-54%) whereas at NV2 (66-73%) it fulfilled the recommendations. When specific health regulations took place, mean T ranges were similar in both clubs (RV1: 21-23 ºC; RV2:21-23 ºC) but they both exceeded recommended comfort levels (16-21 ºC). Mean RH were in accordance with the legislative values, but the very high temporal maxima (up to 75 and 89%) indicate the possible discomforts the that exercisers might have experienced. Concerning the CO2, the obtained results showed that indoorlevels decreased when specific health restrictions were in force (11-121%) most likely due imposed guidelines for human occupancy. Conclusions: The restrictions for ventilation and human occupancy positively impacted indoor levels of CO2. However, T and RH were on several occasions outside the recommended comfort levels, especially during group activity classes. As regular exercising in environmental conditions, such as elevated T and increased RH can cause health discomforts, these parameters should be carefully maintained within the recommended ranges even under restricted ventilation scenarios.

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Ceraolo, M., G. Lutzemberger, D. Poli, and C. Scarpelli. "Model parameters evaluation for NMC cells." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2019.8783503.

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Allam, A., I. O'Connor, E. Drouard, F. Mieyeville, and A. Scandurra. "Optical NoC design-parameters exploration and analysis." In 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems - (ICECS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2009.5410899.

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Matveeva, Nadezhda, and Elena Suvorova. "NoC performance parameters estimation at design stage." In 2014 15th Conference of Open Innovations Association FRUCT and 3rd Regional Seminar on e-Tourism (FRUCT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fruct.2014.6872430.

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Asfaw, Tilahun Derib, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, and Ahmad Mustafa Hashim. "Parameters estimation and rule curve development of cascade hydropower reservoirs." In 2011 National Postgraduate Conference (NPC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/natpc.2011.6136345.

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Bin Razali, Mohammad Nabil Fikri, and Syed Baharom Azahar bin Syed Osman. "Non-quantitative correlation of soil resistivity with some soil parameters." In 2011 National Postgraduate Conference (NPC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/natpc.2011.6136365.

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Bu, Xingang, Ming Han, Abdulkareem AlSofi, and Alhasan Fuseni. "An Improved HLD-NAC Model for Microemulsion Phase Behavior Study." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200122-ms.

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Abstract Microemulsion phase behavior studies are essential for screening surfactants for improving oil production. The paper presents a modified Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Deviation – Net Average Curvature (HLD-NAC) model to explicitly express the solubilization ratio with respect to a newly defined inherent parameter representing surfactant properties. It also provides a workflow to extract the critical parameters from experimental results for numerical simulation of a chemical flooding process. The equations were derived to calculate the window of Winsor Type III microemulsion. The HLD-NAC model was improved to make the solubilization ratio explicitly expressed with the inherent parameter composed of head area (as), tail length (L) and molecular weight of the surfactants (Mw). An innovated workflow was developed to integrate the microemulsion phase behavior scanning results with the HLD-NAC model. The HLD-NAC model was validated with experimental data of various surfactant formulations. The inherent parameter was applied in the improved HLD-NAC model, making it efficient for modeling microemulsion phase behavior scanning. The data of solubilization ratio and phase volume fraction were well fit in the model without needing to know the details of surfactant properties. This simplified the input of HLD-NAC parameters and made the output more accurate. The HLD-NAC model was successfully validated by experiments with various formulations including surfactant with alcohol, surfactant mixtures, and sodium carbonate-surfactant mixtures. By automatically obtaining the inherent parameter, the improved HLD-NAC model provides a promising application of microemulsion phase behavior in numerical simulation of chemical flooding. The HLD-NAC model is modified by defining an inherent parameter from experimental results of microemulsion phase behavior scanning. This makes it applicable to generate the solubilization ratio parameter for numerical simulation of chemical flooding.

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Kanth, Indhu, and Sonal Singhal. "Parametric analysis of memristive switching mechanism." In 2015 39th National Systems Conference (NSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/natsys.2015.7489121.

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Mayeetae, Zuraida, Mohd Shahir Liew, and Kurian V. John. "Parametric study on environmetal loads of hindcast and measured full scale data." In 2011 National Postgraduate Conference (NPC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/natpc.2011.6136355.

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Звіти організацій з теми "NVC parametres"

Nosochkov, Yuri. NLC Luminosity as a Function of Beam Parameters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799098.

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Thompson, Kathleen A. Optimization of NLC machine parameters for specific physics processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15065.

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Nosochkov, Y. Beam Losses in the NLC Extraction Line for High Luminosity Beam Parameters (LCC-0049). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826828.

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Eldar, Avigdor, and Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.

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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.

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