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Korwin, Amy, and Shyoko Honiden. "Reconsidering Nutritional Support in Critically Ill Patients." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 40, no. 05 (October 2019): 580–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractProvision of nutrition is universally considered a key element of supportive care in the intensive care unit (ICU). Despite this, there is a relative dearth of high-quality data, and where available, results are often conflicting. As we understand more about the process of recovery for critically ill patients, ICU nutrition might be better thought of as active therapy that can and should be tailored to the needs of patients in more dynamic ways. With the advent of the programmable feeding pump, continuous feeding modes have become the default manner in which patients are fed in many ICUs. In the modern ICU era, where the goal of critical care has shifted from mere survival to surviving and living well, non-continuous modes of feeding may have advantages related to fewer feeding interruptions, ICU mobilization, optimizing protein synthesis and autophagy, as well as restoring gastrointestinal physiology and the circadian rhythm. More research is desperately required to provide a framework in order to guide best nutrition practices for clinicians at the bedside.
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Chowdhary, Anupreet Kaur, Masatoshi Kishi, and Tatsuki Toda. "Enhanced growth of Chromochloris zofingiensis through the transition of nutritional modes." Algal Research 65 (June 2022): 102723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2022.102723.
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Ratha, Sachitra Kumar, Santosh Babu, Nirmal Renuka, Radha Prasanna, Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad, and Anil Kumar Saxena. "Exploring nutritional modes of cultivation for enhancing lipid accumulation in microalgae." Journal of Basic Microbiology 53, no. 5 (June 26, 2012): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201200001.
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Mussayeva, S. J., A. Zh Imanbayev, and Zh A. Iskakova. "Optimization of the dough preparation modes using composite flour." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2022-3-81-87.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To determine the optimal parameters of the final product, a mathematical model of the dough preparation process using oatmeal was developed. As a criterion for optimization, we took the following indicators: organoleptic properties and nutritional value of bread. Input factors: moisture content of WT dough, NM oatmeal content, and acidity of the CT test.
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Zhang, Junming, Gen Kaneko, Jinhui Sun, Guangjun Wang, Jun Xie, Jingjing Tian, Zhifei Li, et al. "Key Factors Affecting the Flesh Flavor Quality and the Nutritional Value of Grass Carp in Four Culture Modes." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flavor and nutritional value are important qualities of freshwater fish products, but the key factors affecting these quality parameters remain unclear. In this study, four typical aquaculture modes, including the commercial feed treatment (control), faba bean treatment (FBT), grass powder treatment (GPT), and waving water treatment with commercial feed (WWT), were used to explore the regulatory effect of water quality and feed (eaten and uneaten) on the flesh flavor and nutrition in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a freshwater fish of the largest global production. During the culture period (90 days), water quality parameters of the four modes were measured every 15 days, and the flavor quality was evaluated by volatile flavor compounds detection and electronic nose analyzer. Flesh crude protein, crude fat, free fatty acid and free amino acid profiles were also determined. The results showed that, in the late period, the FBT mode had the poorest water quality with highest concentrations of nitrite and nitrate, while the GPT mode has the best water quality among the four modes. Most flesh flavor compounds found in the flesh of the control, GPT and WWT modes were pleasant. In the FBT mode with the poorest water quality, on the other hand, we found lower flavor quality (higher contribution of fishy compounds), higher water content, and lower contents of crude protein, crude fat, free fatty acids and free amino acids, compared to the other three modes. Correlation analyses showed that nitrite and nitrate are probably key water quality factors affecting the flavor quality and nutritional values besides eaten feed and uneaten feed factors. This study can serve as an important reference for ecological regulation and feeding administration of flesh quality in freshwater aquaculture fish.
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Mohamed, Farh Ahmed Elhassan, Ihab Babiker Abdulrhman, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, and Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. "Assessment of Adequacy of Nutritional Support in COVID-19 Patients Receiving Oxygen Therapy in Multi Isolation Centers in Khartoum State and its Relation to Outcomes." SAR Journal of Medicine 3, no. 4 (July 18, 2022): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjm.2022.v03i04.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Beginning in December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a pneumonia epidemic that began in Wuhan, China, and is rapidly spreading throughout the whole world. Nutrition support has become one of the important treatments for severe and critical patients. Objective: To assess the adequacy of nutritional support in COVID-19 patients receiving oxygen support. Methods: A multicenter prospective study enrolled 88 COVID-19 patients receiving oxygen support in Fedail Hospital, Albaraha Hospital, Aliaa Hospital, and Royal Care Hospital during the period from January to April 2021. Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, types of oxygen therapy, vital signs, laboratory investigations, methods of nutrition support, estimated calorie achievement, and outcomes were collected. Nutritional adequacy was assessed by using the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS- 2002) test. Results: Among 88 patients, 50(56.8%) were males and 38(43.2%) were females; their mean age was 67±11 years. CPAP (n=28; 32%) and mechanical ventilation (n=27; 27%) were the main types of oxygen therapies. Estimated calories were achieved in only 36(40.9%) of patients and failure to the achievement of estimated calories was commonly due to hypoxia (n=33; 37.5%) and poor appetite (n=23; 26.1%). About 66(75%) patients were adequately nourished, 16(18.2%) were at risk of malnutrition, and 6(6.8%) patients were malnourished. The mortality was significantly associated with malnutrition (P. value= 0.000), and parental feeding modes (P. value= 0.000), and underweighted BMI (mean= 17.8 kg/m2; P. value= 0.000). Moreover, multi-organ failure was significantly correlated with risk of malnutrition (P.value= 0.000), NG feeding (P. value= 0.000) and overweighed BMI (mean= 28.8 kg/m2; P. value= 0.000). Additionally, mortality and multi-organ failure were significantly correlated with hypoalbuminemia among our study subjects (P. value= 0.001). Conclusion: The rates of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were 6.8% and 18.2% among COVID-19 patients who received oxygen therapy, respectively. Inadequacy of nutritional support or failure in the achievement of estimated calories among our study subjects were commonly due to hypoxia and poor appetite. Mortality was significantly associated with malnutrition, parental feeding modes, and underweighted BMI. Furthermore, multi-organ failure was significantly correlated with the risk of malnutrition, NG feeding, and overweighed BMI. Both, mortality and multi-organ failure were correlated with hypoalbuminemia.
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Lu, Shengmin, Yan Cao, Ying Yang, Zhao Jin, and Xiuli Luo. "Effect of fermentation modes on nutritional and volatile compounds of Huyou vinegar." Journal of Food Science and Technology 55, no. 7 (June 1, 2018): 2631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3184-0.
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Nyachoti, Martin, Jinyoung Lee, and Chengbo Yang. "244 Application of the Escherichia Coli Challenge Model in Developing Strategies to Improve gut Health and Function in Weaned Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.239.
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Abstract Post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, caused primarily by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is a major cause of productive and economic losses to the swine industry. Traditionally, the swine industry has managed this disease by utilizing starter diets containing highly digestible and specialized ingredients such as spray-dried porcine plasma and sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics as growth promoters. However, there has intense public pressure to discontinue the use of animal products and antibiotics in pig diets for fear that these products represent a risk to human health. This has sparked great interest in swine nutrition is to identify effective, safe, and environmentally friendly nutritional interventions that could be used in place of in-feed antibiotics. This requires that any such intervention is rigorously tested under conditions that represent those that are encountered in production settings. To this end, the Escherichia coli K88 (or F4) disease challenge model has been used to test the potential of these interventions to support gut health and function in piglets and to allow investigations into the mode of action underlying any such effects. Although this model has been applied successfully to examine the efficacy of different nutritional interventions, including diet formulation strategies and addition of various feed additives, the degree of success achieved varies due to among other factors such as dose used, age of the pigs, and study duration. Being a disease challenge model, animal care oversight, regulatory requirements for Containment Level II facilities, and trial site managements to avoid cross-contamination among treatment groups add to the complexity of protocols for running trials involving this model. Nonetheless, the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli model has been an effective tool in our hands to test the efficacy of various nutritional interventions in protecting piglets against post-weaning diarrhea disease and to elucidate their modes of action.
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Costello, Nessan, Jim McKenna, Louise Sutton, Kevin Deighton, and Ben Jones. "Using Contemporary Behavior Change Science to Design and Implement an Effective Nutritional Intervention Within Professional Rugby League." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 28, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0298.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Designing and implementing successful dietary intervention is integral to the role of sport nutrition professionals as they attempt to positively change the dietary behavior of athletes. High-performance sport is a time-pressured environment where immediate results can often supersede pursuit of the most effective evidence-based practice. However, efficacious dietary intervention necessitates comprehensive, systematic, and theoretical behavioral design and implementation, if the habitual dietary behaviors of athletes are to be positively changed. Therefore, this case study demonstrates how the Behaviour Change Wheel was used to design and implement an effective nutritional intervention within a professional rugby league. The eight-step intervention targeted athlete consumption of a high-quality dietary intake of 25.1 MJ each day to achieve an overall body mass increase of 5 kg across a 12-week intervention period. The capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior model and affordability, practicability, effectiveness/cost-effectiveness, acceptability, safety, and equity criteria were used to identify population-specific intervention functions, policy categories, behavior change techniques, and modes of intervention delivery. The resulting intervention was successful, increasing the average daily energy intake of the athlete to 24.5 MJ, which corresponded in a 6.2 kg body mass gain. Despite consuming 0.6 MJ less per day than targeted, secondary outcome measures of diet quality, strength, body composition, and immune function all substantially improved, supporting sufficient energy intake and the overall efficacy of a behavioral approach. Ultimately, the Behaviour Change Wheel provides sport nutrition professionals with an effective and practical stepwise method to design and implement effective nutritional interventions for use within high-performance sport.
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Round, Emily K., Jackie Shinwell, Paul B. Stretesky, and Margaret Anne Defeyter. "An Exploration of Nutritional Education within the Holiday Activities and Food Programme in England." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutritional education is a recent, mandatory inclusion within the quality standards framework for the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) programme in England; funded by the Department for Education (DfE). Whilst research has been conducted regarding nutritional education in other contexts, such as schools and community organisations, to the authors’ knowledge, no published research has yet explored nutritional education within HAF. The current study therefore aimed to explore the implementation, delivery, and perceived facilitators, barriers and impacts of nutritional education across a number of Local Authorities delivering HAF in England. Purposive sampling (n = 11) was used to recruit HAF leads involved in nutritional education, to participate in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis showed that nutritional education is currently delivered through a variety of modes including face-to-face, online, and take-home methods, all of which require a range of considerations in terms of implementation, delivery, and associated impacts, with some holiday clubs offering no nutritional education. According to participating HAF leads, nutritional education was used as a mechanism to enhance children’s and parents’ cooking confidence and competence, to improve dietary intake, and to increase understanding of issues such as food sustainability, environmental impacts, and food provenance. Although there are many examples of innovative practice, the findings suggested that COVID guidelines proved challenging for providers to include nutritional education within HAF delivery during 2021. Further, whilst the quality standards framework for nutritional education provides flexibility in terms of implementation and delivery, specific guidance, and monitoring of provision is required to ensure quality assurance and consistency across the HAF programme.
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Kravchenko, Ivan A., Ivan N. Krasnov, Aleksandr A. Potseluev, and Vladimir D. Sidorov. "Substantiation of Parameters and Operating Modes for the Bunch Planting Device of the Pneumatic Seeder." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 15, no. 1 (December 2019): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/446.15.2019.1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The purpose of this work is to develop a dosing system that provides high-quality bunch planting of watermelon seeds with a given seeding rate and their uniform distribution over the plant nutrition area. It is important to know how many seeds it is needed in the bunch in order to provide the required number of plants in a certain plant nutrition area. The method to achieve this goal is to determine the optimal operating modes for the seeding device, in which the dosing system would supply the seed to the bunch without gaps, searching for dependencies that can determine the required number of the sown seeds in the bunch, taking into account their germination and the number of plants specified by agrotechnical conditions in every bunch. Based on the obtained dependencies, determining the probability of bunches with various numbers of plants, while sowing four seeds in the seedbed with maximum field germination, the design of experimental seed discs is proposed, allowing bunch planting and germination due to easy destruction of the soil crust. At the same time, optimal use of the nutritional area for plants, and, consequently, an increase in the yield of the sown crops is ensured. Experimental seed discs with a group arrangement of suction holes (four cells each) will provide bunch planting of watermelon seeds in accordance with agrotechnical requirements.
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Liu, Weixiao. "Visual Sensor-Based Image Analysis of the Relationship between Nutritional Diet and Athletic Ability of Sports Dance Athletes." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 11, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7669449.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sports dance originated from the international standard national standard dance. Since China formally established the “China International Ballroom Dance Association” in 1986, it has developed rapidly. At the same time, related research on sports dancers has become a hot spot. However, most of the current researches are limited to athletes’ physical training and competitive skills, and the research on athletes’ dietary nutrition and athletic ability is still blank. In response to this situation, this paper presents a study on the relationship between nutritional diet and athletic ability of sports dancers based on image analysis of visual sensors. This article is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is the basic theories and core concepts of related research. This part introduces the modes and algorithms of visual sensors, analyzes the specific problems of current sports dance athletes in my country in terms of dietary nutrition, and continues with the adverse effects. It affects the athlete’s athletic ability and even threatens the athlete’s health. Improving the diet of athletes and establishing healthy dietary standards are of great significance to the development of this field. The second part is the establishment method of the nutritional intervention experiment model, which gives the principle and specific operation steps of the experiment design in detail. The third part is a comparative test. To further confirm the influence of nutrition on dance performance in athletes, this article conducted a number of comparative studies such as immunoglobulin conversion after intervention, changes in the indicators of lipid metabolism after intervention, and dietary mineral intake. Through the analysis of experimental data, it can be seen that reasonable dietary supplementation has a positive effect on the recovery of athletes’ physical fitness, which can enhance the body’s immunity while improving athletic ability.
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Kubeev, Ermat, and Viktor Smelilk. "Device and Method of Formation of Porous Nutritional Coating on Seeds." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021003006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern technologies for applying artificial shells are based on the principles of rolling or granulating with subsequent drying. This technology does not allow to get a gas - permeable porous shell, which often leads to the death of seeds during the formation of the shell, storage and transportation, and slow growth at the early stages of plant development. The aim of the research is to develop a new method and device for pre-sowing treatment of agricultural seeds, which can increase their germination, germination energy and ensure crop growth. A distinctive feature of the new method is that the shell is formed not by rolling, but by molding around the seed, followed by drying in a soft mode. This will form a porous, gas-permeable structure around the seed. Based on the mathematical description of the processes occurring during the introduction of seeds into the nutrient medium, the design calculations and calculations made a laboratory stand for the study of the seeds coating with a protective and nutritious shell, which consists of a mixing, sealing and seeding nodes. A series of experiments was conducted to study the operation of the stand in various modes. Optimal operating modes are identified.
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Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Robert Lücking, Damien Ertz, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Saisamorn Lumyong, and Kevin D. Hyde. "The Evolution of Life Modes in Stictidaceae, with Three Novel Taxa." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7020105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ostropales sensu lato is a large group comprising both lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, with several lineages expressing optional lichenization where individuals of the same fungal species exhibit either saprotrophic or lichenized lifestyles depending on the substrate (bark or wood). Greatly variable phenotypic characteristics and large-scale phylogenies have led to frequent changes in the taxonomic circumscription of this order. Ostropales sensu lato is currently split into Graphidales, Gyalectales, Odontotrematales, Ostropales sensu stricto, and Thelenellales. Ostropales sensu stricto is now confined to the family Stictidaceae, which includes a large number of species that are poorly known, since they usually have small fruiting bodies that are rarely collected, and thus, their taxonomy remains partly unresolved. Here, we introduce a new genus Ostropomyces to accommodate a novel lineage related to Ostropa, which is composed of two new species, as well as a new species of Sphaeropezia, S. shangrilaensis. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of mitochondrial small subunit spacers (mtSSU), large subunit nuclear rDNA (LSU), and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence data, together with phenotypic data documented by detailed morphological and anatomical analyses, support the taxonomic affinity of the new taxa in Stictidaceae. Ancestral character state analysis did not resolve the ancestral nutritional status of Stictidaceae with confidence using Bayes traits, but a saprotrophic ancestor was indicated as most likely in a Bayesian binary Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (MCMC) approach. Frequent switching in nutritional modes between lineages suggests that lifestyle transition played an important role in the evolution of this family.
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SHUVALOV, ANATOLIY, DMITRIY TIKHOMIROV, ALEKSEY KUZMICHEV, ALEKSEY MASHKOV, and DENIS CHERNOV. "AIR-THERMAL MODES OF SOY SEEDS COOLING AFTER HEAT TREATMENT." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 4, no. 41 (December 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-4-119-124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In feed production, scientists suggest using high-quality plant culture, soy, to replace animal protein. Soy cannot be fed without pre-heat treatment due to the presence of anti-nutritional substances in it. Analysis of existing technology has shown that micronization, roasting, ultra-high-frequency processing, extrusion, autoclaving, and others are used to remove anti-nutritional substances. These methods are energy-intensive and have a complex design. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a scheme and a working sample of a plant for cooling soybeans using a non-water vibrating conveyor and conduct research on its operation. (Materials and methods) Authors applied methods of system analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge in the field of ongoing research on the development of energy-saving soybean cooler, based on the provisions of the theory of heat and mass transfer. The article presents flow diagram of the cooling of soy. The vibrations of the chute of a non-drive conveyor in the cooling chamber are carried out from the vibration drive of the main conveyor due to the use of the reactive energy of its spring. (Results and discussion) It was revealed experimentally that in regions with a moderate climate and an outdoor temperature of 8-10 degrees Celsius, tempered soy can be cooled to the normalized values when it moves in the cooling chamber for 105-140 seconds. In regions of the country with a long period of high temperatures (20-25 degrees Celsius) of outdoor air, the cooling efficiency of tempered soybeans decreases. (Conclusions) The article presents the design parameters of the soybean cooling chamber for warm climate conditions. Authors developed and tested a working sample of the installation. The proposed technical solution provides a reduction in energy consumption compared to traditionally used equipment by up to 30 percent.
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Martín-Tereso, Javier, and Martin W. A. Verstegen. "A novel model to explain dietary factors affecting hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle." Nutrition Research Reviews 24, no. 2 (November 21, 2011): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422411000126.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most dairy cows exhibit different degrees of hypocalcaemia around calving because the gestational Ca requirements shift to the disproportionately high Ca requirements of lactation. Ca homeostasis is a robust system that effectively adapts to changes in Ca demand or supply. However, these adaptations often are not rapid enough to avoid hypocalcaemia. A delay in the reconfiguration of intestinal Ca absorption and bone resorption is probably the underlying cause of this transient hypocalcaemia. Several dietary factors that affect different aspects of Ca metabolism are known to reduce the incidence of milk fever. The present review describes the interactions between nutrition and Ca homeostasis using observations from cattle and extrapolations from other species and aims to quantitatively model the effects of the nutritional approaches that are used to induce dry cows into an early adaptation of Ca metabolism. The present model suggests that reducing dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) increases Ca clearance from the blood by dietary induction of systemic acidosis, which results in hypercalciuria due to the loss of function of the renal Ca transient receptor potential vanilloid channel TRPV5. Alternatively, reducing the gastrointestinal availability of Ca by reducing dietary Ca or its nutritional availability will also induce the activation of Ca metabolism to compensate for basal blood Ca clearance. Our model of gastrointestinal Ca availability as well as blood Ca clearance in the transition dairy cow allowed us to conclude that the most common dietary strategies for milk fever prevention may have analogous modes of action that are based on the principle of metabolic adaptation before calving.
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Kapała, Aleksandra, Agnieszka Surwiłło-Snarska, Magdalena Jodkiewicz, and Andrzej Kawecki. "Nutritional Care in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer during Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and Bioradiotherapy (BRT) Provides Better Compliance with the Treatment Plan." Cancers 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112532.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) is based on extensive resections followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with platinum derivatives or concurrent radiotherapy with cetuximab (bioradiotherapy; BRT). Malnutrition, which occurs in up to 60% of patients before treatment commencement, severely increases the risk of CRT/BRT drug dose reductions and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events. A prospective observational study was performed regarding the influence of nutritional care on nutritional status, compliance with the treatment’s planned regimen, and the incidence of treatment-related complications in patients with advanced HNC during CRT and BRT. The study population encompassed 153 patients compared with a retrospective control group of 72 patients treated before nutritional care was included in the standard of oncological care. Patients enrolled in the nutritional care programme received significantly higher doses of platinum derivatives or cetuximab than patients in the control group. A significant difference between the compared populations was observed in patients below 70 years of age (92.8% of the study population), after prior surgery, and with initial weight loss lower than 10%. Nutritional care reduced final weight loss and prevented a decline within the laboratory markers of nutritional status. Weight loss was comparable in both modes of treatment—CRT and BRT. The incidence of treatment-related complications was significantly higher in patients without nutritional support in the subgroups of patients under 70 years of age and after primary surgery. Nutritional care before and during CRT and BRT in patients with HNC is a determinant of therapeutic benefit, defined as preventing down-dosing, weight loss, and the incidence of complications. Platinum derivatives and cetuximab had comparable influence on weight loss.
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Chen, Xin Xin, David Lewis, and Keith King. "Comparison of Tetraselmis suecica growth under various nutritional modes in f/2 and f media." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S561—S562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1322.
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Veldre, Vilmar, Kessy Abarenkov, Mohammad Bahram, Florent Martos, Marc-Andre Selosse, Heidi Tamm, Urmas Kõljalg, and Leho Tedersoo. "Evolution of nutritional modes of Ceratobasidiaceae (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) as revealed from publicly available ITS sequences." Fungal Ecology 6, no. 4 (August 2013): 256–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2013.03.004.
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Gunkin, V. A., G. M. Suslyanok, and L. E. Rozantseva. "Producing a product of high nutritional value in the form of flakes from rye grain." Khleboproducty 31, no. 6 (2022): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32462/0235-2508-2022-31-6-43-46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The relevance of the production of grain products of a high degree of readiness and the expansion of the raw material base through the use of rye grain is shown. Methods for determining the fractional composition of proteins according to A.I. Ermakov, the content of water-soluble protein according to O.H. Lowry, dextrins according to M.P. Popov and E.F. Shanenko, fiber according to Kurshner and Ganak were used. Rational modes of IR processing of rye grain are substantiated when obtaining a new product from it in the form of flakes with high nutritional and consumer advantages. The effect of IR treatment on the physical and biochemical properties of rye grain has been studied. It is shown that the main parameters determining the modes of IR processing of rye grain are the grain moisture, the density (intensity) of the incident radiant energy flux and the irradiation time. The influence of various modes of IR processing on carbohydrates and proteins of rye grain has been studied. The effect of the intensity of IR processing of rye grain on the degree of starch dextrinization and on the density of grains is shown. The effect of IR treatment on the change in the solubility of proteins as a result of their denaturation is investigated. The effect of IR treatment modes on the degree of denaturation and fractional composition of rye grain proteins has been studied. The effect of grain flattening on the carbohydrate complex and the intensification of IR processing on the consumer advantages of flakes has been studied. The effect of IR treatment on the acidity of water and alcohol extracts, fiber content has been studied. Physicochemical changes in rye grain during its flattening into flakes after IR treatment have been studied. The production of a new fast food product in the form of flakes with high nutritional value and high fiber content, which can be used as a dry breakfast, is justified.
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Kuprina, Elena E., Elena I. Kiprushkina, Irina A. Shestopalova, Anastasiya N. Yakkola, Andrey N. Manuylov, Natalya V. Odegova, Ekaterina E. Shcherbakova, and Aleksey I. Mushits. "RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHITIN-CONTAINING FOOD ADDITIVES ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF MINCED FISH." Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives XXIII (September 10, 2018): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.23.011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of the deficiency of dietary fibre and mineral substances in the diet of modern man is well known. This problem is proposed to be solved by making a food product - fishballs - based on a combination of minced fish meat from pollock and salmon belly, containing the biologically active chitin mineral food supplement "Hizitel". Dietary supplementation is derived from the waste of processing shrimp shells. The influence of chitin-mineral nutritional supplement on the rheological properties of minced fish and the biological value of products based on it has been studied. The optimum modes of mixing minced fish compositions were identified and the nutritional and biological value of the functional foods developed were defined.
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Mamun, Md Abdullah Al, Shamima Nasren, and Syed Mashequl Bari. "Role of Probiotics in Aquaculture : Importance and Future Guidelines." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 42, no. 1 (August 12, 2018): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v42i1.37837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An alternative approach to manage fish health that is fast gaining attention in the aquaculture industry is probiotics, a microbial intervention approach. Probiotics have shown that they can help to increase fish growth by enhancing the feed conversion efficiency, as well as confer protection against harmful bacteria by different modes of action. The present paper shows the current knowledge of the use of probiotics in aquaculture, particularly focusing on their modes of action such as spatial and nutritional emulation, inhibitory metabolites, immunomodulation and stress-alleviating mechanism.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 1, 105-109, 2018
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Vetrova, Olga V., L. A. Rumyantseva, and A. V. Istomin. "THE HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE USE OF SPECIALIZED FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE DIET OF ATHLETES." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 7 (July 15, 2018): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-7-648-653.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The article “Hygienic rationale for the use of specialized food products in the diet of athletes” is presented on the issue of the hygienic justification for the use of specialized food products of domestic and foreign production in the nutrition of athletes that promote their adaptive capabilities to physical and neuro-emotional stress and achieving high sports results that must meet hygiene safety requirements and nutritional value established in the Russian Federation by the sanitary rules and regulations and the technical regulations of the Customs Union and EurAsEC. Material and methods. Specialized food products for the nutrition of athletes are allowed for production, storage, transportation, and sale after their state registration on the basis of the results of the hygienic assessment of the quality and safety of products in accordance with existing regulatory documents. Results. The balance of nutrients, the given nutritional and energy value, allowing to carry out the metabolism with maximum directed efficiency, is the main characteristic of the products of sports nutrition. To confirm the effectiveness of protein-carbohydrate products, studies were conducted on the basis of the Moscow Region team of bodybuilding and fitness with the methodological support of the Moscow Bodybuilding Federation and Fitness Federation. Discussion. The hygienic evaluation of specialized products for nutrition of athletes is carried out within the framework of the sanitary and epidemiological expertise for compliance with regulatory requirements for the quality and safety of the current technical regulations of the Customs Union, as well as relevant regulatory legal acts. Conclusion. It is necessary to further improve the regulatory framework governing the production, storage, transportation, sale, quality and safety of specialized food products for athletes; to development a scientific methodology for the risk management in the system of ensuring the safety and quality of food for athletes, including their analysis, identification and evaluation; the conformity of the structure of nutrition and the developed rations to physical and emotional loads of sports activities, the individual physiological characteristics of each athlete and the modes of sports training.
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Silvia, K., A. Baumann, A. Dolder, Z. Stanga, and M. Joray. "LB009-MON: Compliance to Oral Nutritional Supplements – A Prospective Pilot Study on Two Modes of Administration." Clinical Nutrition 33 (September 2014): S254—S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50667-x.
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Nyonje, Winnie A., Ray-Yu Yang, Dyness Kejo, Anselimo O. Makokha, Willis O. Owino, and Mary O. Abukutsa-Onyango. "Exploring the Status of Preference, Utilization Practices, and Challenges to Consumption of Amaranth in Kenya and Tanzania." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2022 (June 18, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2240724.
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African leafy vegetables such as amaranth have been utilized since time immemorial both as food and as medicine. These vegetables grew naturally in most rural environments, but currently most of them are cultivated both for home consumption and for sale. The aim of this study was to identify the most preferred amaranth species and cooking and utilization practices, as well as the beliefs and attitudes that encourage or discourage use of this vegetable. The study was carried out in seven counties of Kenya and in three regions in Tanzania. Twenty Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with members of the community and twenty Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with agricultural and nutrition officers were conducted in the study areas to obtain information on preferred varieties, sources of amaranth vegetables, common cooking methods, alternative uses, beliefs and taboos surrounding amaranth consumption, and the challenges experienced in production and consumption. The findings of the study showed that amaranth is one of the most commonly consumed indigenous vegetables in Kenya and Tanzania. The preference for varieties and cooking habits differs depending on the community and individuals. Amaranthus dubius and Amaranthus blitum were most common in Kenya, while Amaranthus dubius and Amaranthus hypochondriacus were most common in Tanzania. Most people consumed these vegetables because they were affordable and available or because of circumstance of lacking other foods. Regarding cooking, final taste was mostly considered rather than nutritional attribute. Several alternative uses of amaranth such as uses as medicine and livestock feed were also reported, as well as some beliefs and taboos surrounding the vegetable. Training on nutritional attributes and promotion of food preparation practices that ensure maximum nutrient benefits from amaranth is needed at the community level to realize the nutritional importance of the vegetables. Hands-on training and demonstrations were the most preferred modes of passing information.
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Saun, Robert Van. "23 Dietary management of the transition animal: Perspectives from dairy cows to sows." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.024.
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Abstract Since the 1990s, the impact of late gestational nutrition and management on lactation and reproduction has become the focus of dairy management. Transition cow management has been credited with having greater influence on herd performance as compared to previous focus on lactation nutrition. Several seminal papers published in 1990s and early 2000s directed management practices of dry cows, rightly or wrongly, toward critical factors impacting calving and lactation. Dairy cow gestational protein requirements cited a 1956 study on Red Danish cows until Bell (1995) characterized the modern Holstein fetus’ chemical composition over the last 70 days of gestation. Recognized health effects of “fat cow syndrome”, similarly described for pigs, focuses late pregnant dairy cow management on body condition management starting in late lactation. Optimum condition was emphasized, recognizing negative impacts of excessive limited BC on lactation and reproduction. Maximizing dry matter intake was a nutritional goal for preventing energy-based metabolic challenges, until research indicated excessive energy during early, non-lactating period was more critical to managing postpartum metabolic derangements than the weeks prior to calving; which is like controlling energy intake of sows. Delivery of amino acids, estimated by metabolizable protein intake, has recently earned focus of research, relative to immune function, metabolic stability and reproductive success during early lactation. Identifying amino acids as critical fetal metabolic fuel, and consequences of excessive maternal protein mobilization, has become a focal point of swine and dairy transition nutrition. Although management of the transition cow has been greatly refined through nutritional research, improved cow performance has not yet been realized in the field. Recognition of the interplay between nutrition, environment and management relative to enhancing cow behavior has provided insight to the challenges of managing the transition cow. Metabolic, environmental and management challenges facing the physiologic transition from pregnancy into lactation occur in all production species. Although cows and sows procure essential nutrients by different digestive modes, cross-species applications can provide new or reinforcing perspectives on collective management approaches.
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Rakhmanova, M. M., A. F. Demirova, M. E. Akhmedov, Z. A. Abdulkhalikov, and T. N. Daudova. "Efficient use of microwave EMF and multilevel high temperature sterilization modes in apple puree technology for dietetic nutrition." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022203005.
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The article is dedicated to improving the quality of apple puree with xylitol for dietetic nutrition due to the development and implementation of a new technological process. This is microwave boiling of apples, rather than traditional steaming using saturated steam before chopping, with the development of a device for its implementation and multilevel high-temperature sterilization modes with prebake of apple puree in glass jars in microwave EMF. The analysis of research and technical data proved that pre-heat treatment of apples with saturated steam and traditional sterilization modes have a considerable duration, which impairs the finished products quality and has an adverse effect on the nutrient composition of the raw material during processing. Substituting the traditional method of pre-heat treatment of apples for their short-time processing in microwave EMF reduces the process by more than twice, which, in turn, contributes to an increased preservation of the nutrient composition of apples, while enhancing the yield of apple puree. For the implementation of microwave processing method of raw materials, a new design of the device for electromagnetic treatment of plant roughage has been developed, providing a uniform and more intensive heat treatment of raw materials in a continuous flow. Rapid multilevel high-temperature sterilization modes with the application of apple puree in glass jars in microwave EMF, liquid high-temperature heat devices and an autoclave basket, providing the opportunity for thermal sterilization of the product without creating reverse pressure in the machine, generally contribute to reducing heat costs and increasing the nutritional value.
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Sheng, Qingyu, Mariana Santos-Rivera, Xiaoguang Ouyang, Andrew J. Kouba, and Carrie K. Vance. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Mode Cloning (NIR-MC) for In-Situ Analysis of Crude Protein in Bamboo." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061302.
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This study develops Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Mode-Cloning (MC) for the rapid assessment of the nutritional quality of bamboo leaves, the primary diet of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red pandas (Ailurus fulgens). To test the NIR-MC approach, we evaluated three species of bamboo (Phyllostachys bissetii, Phyllostachys rubromarginata, Phyllostachys aureosulcata). Mode-Cloning incorporated a Slope and Bias Correction (SBC) transform to crude protein prediction models built with NIR spectra taken from Fine–Ground leaves (master mode). The modified models were then applied to spectra from leaves in the satellite minimal processing modes (Course–Ground, Dry–Whole, and Fresh–Whole). The NIR-MC using the SBC yielded a residual prediction deviation (RPD) = 2.73 and 1.84 for Course–Ground and Dry–Whole sample modes, respectively, indicating a good quantitative prediction of crude protein for minimally processed samples that could be easily acquired under field conditions using a portable drier and grinder. The NIR-MC approach also improved the model of crude protein for spectra collected from Fresh–Whole bamboo leaves in the field. Thus, NIR-MC has the potential to provide a real-time prediction of the macronutrient distribution in bamboo in situ, which affects the foraging behavior and dispersion of giant and red pandas in their natural habitats.
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Beisser, Daniela, Nadine Graupner, Christina Bock, Sabina Wodniok, Lars Grossmann, Matthijs Vos, Bernd Sures, Sven Rahmann, and Jens Boenigk. "Comprehensive transcriptome analysis provides new insights into nutritional strategies and phylogenetic relationships of chrysophytes." PeerJ 5 (January 10, 2017): e2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2832.
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BackgroundChrysophytes are protist model species in ecology and ecophysiology and important grazers of bacteria-sized microorganisms and primary producers. However, they have not yet been investigated in detail at the molecular level, and no genomic and only little transcriptomic information is available. Chrysophytes exhibit different trophic modes: while phototrophic chrysophytes perform only photosynthesis, mixotrophs can gain carbon from bacterial food as well as from photosynthesis, and heterotrophs solely feed on bacteria-sized microorganisms. Recent phylogenies and megasystematics demonstrate an immense complexity of eukaryotic diversity with numerous transitions between phototrophic and heterotrophic organisms. The question we aim to answer is how the diverse nutritional strategies, accompanied or brought about by a reduction of the plasmid and size reduction in heterotrophic strains, affect physiology and molecular processes.ResultsWe sequenced the mRNA of 18 chrysophyte strains on the Illumina HiSeq platform and analysed the transcriptomes to determine relations between the trophic mode (mixotrophic vs. heterotrophic) and gene expression. We observed an enrichment of genes for photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism for phototrophic and mixotrophic strains that can perform photosynthesis. Genes involved in nutrient absorption, environmental information processing and various transporters (e.g., monosaccharide, peptide, lipid transporters) were present or highly expressed only in heterotrophic strains that have to sense, digest and absorb bacterial food. We furthermore present a transcriptome-based alignment-free phylogeny construction approach using transcripts assembled from short reads to determine the evolutionary relationships between the strains and the possible influence of nutritional strategies on the reconstructed phylogeny. We discuss the resulting phylogenies in comparison to those from established approaches based on ribosomal RNA and orthologous genes. Finally, we make functionally annotated reference transcriptomes of each strain available to the community, significantly enhancing publicly available data on Chrysophyceae.ConclusionsOur study is the first comprehensive transcriptomic characterisation of a diverse set of Chrysophyceaen strains. In addition, we showcase the possibility of inferring phylogenies from assembled transcriptomes using an alignment-free approach. The raw and functionally annotated data we provide will prove beneficial for further examination of the diversity within this taxon. Our molecular characterisation of different trophic modes presents a first such example.
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Oliveri, E. "Nutritional counseling: a strategical tool for the treatment of the patient with diabetes." Journal of AMD 23, no. 4 (December 2020): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.36171/jamd20.23.3.9.
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About 5,7% of the Italian population is affected by T2DM, reaching a prevalence of 20% in people older than 75. According to several studies, T2DM has a social value, which leads to more imbalances in people who have a lower responsiveness, a difficulty in changing consolidated habits in more suitable behaviours. In such a scenery,the adherence to the nutritional therapy is about 35%, both co-pro-tagonists shaping up to be “losers”: the discouraged professional asking himself “why doesn’t he do what I told him?”, the patient with a health condition which has not improved. The difficulty in foreground consists in supporting a complex patient with a disease which “cannot be seen or felt”, whose seriousness may not be understood. The narrations which the patient does about the Diabetes make the picture even more complex, narrations reported by friends, relatives, confirmed by “Doctor Google”, filled with incorrect and untrustworthy pieces of information. Inside this picture, it may be useful to adopt a modality of leading the meeting based on the aware and strategic employment of communication, words and relationship; these tools do not find their place within the university course of the healthcare professionals: such modality may be the Nutritional Counseling. Exploration, active listening, avoidance of the barrier modes and of the psychological reactance, choice of the appropriate questions are just a few of the communicative techniques, typical of the Nutritional Counseling, which improve the ability of establishing the relationship with the patients, raising the adherence to the nutritional therapy. Through the Nutritional Counseling techniques it becomes possible to shift from the prescription of what patients have to do, to making possible to adopt the prescriptions making them their own; this leads to a change in the perspective which allows the patients to consider the prescriptions no more as limitations to their freedom, but as loyal travel companions in a new path. KEY WORDS diabetes; complexity; relationship; nutritional counseling.
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Ma, Mingyang, Chaojun Wei, Man Chen, Hongxia Wang, Yingchun Gong, and Qiang Hu. "Effects of Nutritional Mode on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of the Mixotrophic Flagellate Poterioochromonas malhamensis and the Potential Ecological Implications." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050852.
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Mixotrophic flagellates play an important role in connecting the classical food chain and microbial food loop. The feeding characteristics of the mixotrophic flagellate Poterioochromonasmalhamensis have been well studied, but its role as a food source for other large zooplankton is less studied. This study focuses on the physiological and biochemical changes in P. malhamensis when using autotrophy, chemoheterotrophy, and phagotrophy, and the effect of these changes on the feeding ability of one of its predators, the ciliate Paramecium caudatum. The results showed that chemoheterotrophic P. malhamensis had a higher growth rate and larger cell size than autotrophic and phagotrophic P. malhamensis. The biochemical composition of P. malhamensis also varied greatly between the three nutritional modes. The protein, total absolute amino acid, and fucoxanthin contents were highest for autotrophic P. malhamensis, while chemoheterotrophic P. malhamensis had the highest contents of total sugar and total absolute fatty acid. The contents of most biochemical components in phagotrophic P. malhamensis fell between those in autotrophic and chemoheterotrophic P. malhamensis. A feeding experiment showed that the grazing ability of P. caudatum on chemoheterotrophic P. malhamensis was significantly higher than that on phagotrophic P. malhamensis and autotrophic P. malhamensis. This study showed that the transformation of nutritional modes can alter the biochemical composition of the mixotrophic flagellate P. malhamensis and, as a result, affect the grazing ability of its predator P. caudatum.
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Gaptar, S. L., O. N. Sorokoletov, E. V. Tarabanova, E. A. Kosheleva, O. V. Lisichenok, and A. N. Golovko. "EXPANDING THE RANGE OF FOOD PRODUCTS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE AND FUNCTIONALITY." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 4 (January 8, 2022): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-34-4-56-67.
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The efficiency of using natural triterpenoids, a complex of organic acids, introduced plants, microgreens, coniferous chlorophyll-carotene paste containing the necessary physiologically functional ingredients that increase the activity of the vital processes of the human body, has been substantiated. Technological modes of production have been optimized, rational dosages and combinations of components have been determined when creating recipe compositions of food products with specified nutritional and functional properties; revealed their positive impact on quality indicators, safety and shelf life of finished products.
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STORCHEVOY, VLADIMIR F. "SIMULATING RATIONAL MODES OF ELECTRIC ACTIVATOR FOR ROUGH FORAGE PROCESSING." Agricultural engineering, no. 3 (2022): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-3-80-86.
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The high productivity of farm animals requires that the feeding ration should contain all the necessary nutrients to meet their needs. Before offering to animals, feeds are subjected to additional processing to increase their nutritional value and palatability A promising method is the treatment of roughage with activated media. The authors designed and described the operating principle of a single-phase flow-type electric activator with a belting-type diaphragm. It has optimal parameters to prepare the required amount of activated water (catholyte) for processing roughages in the amount of five tons per season. To justify the operating modes of the electric activator, a matrix of active planning of a three-factor experiment was used. When choosing the intervals for changing factors (the electric activator power, performance, and cycle), the authors were guided by the technological conditions of electrochemical activation of the liquid and the activator design features. The efficiency of the liquid activation process was determined by the value of change in the hydrogen index of the activated solution, the voltage loss on the electric activator, and the current density. Regression models were obtained to optimize the operating modes of the activator. Based on the equations obtained, it is possible to change the variable parameters to obtain the desired proportions of the input and output parameters of the installation.
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Liebel, Heiko T., Martin I. Bidartondo, Katja Preiss, Rossana Segreto, Marcus Stöckel, Michele Rodda, and Gerhard Gebauer. "C and N stable isotope signatures reveal constraints to nutritional modes in orchids from the Mediterranean and Macaronesia." American Journal of Botany 97, no. 6 (June 2010): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900354.
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Santos, C. A., M. E. Ferreira, T. Lopes da Silva, L. Gouveia, J. M. Novais, and A. Reis. "A symbiotic gas exchange between bioreactors enhances microalgal biomass and lipid productivities: taking advantage of complementary nutritional modes." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 38, no. 8 (September 8, 2010): 909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-010-0860-0.
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Bineau, Estelle, José Luis Rambla, Renaud Duboscq, Marie-Noëlle Corre, Frédérique Bitton, Raphaël Lugan, Antonio Granell, Clémence Plissonneau, and Mathilde Causse. "Inheritance of Secondary Metabolites and Gene Expression Related to Tomato Fruit Quality." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 6163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116163.
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Flavour and nutritional quality are important goals for tomato breeders. This study aimed to shed light upon transgressive behaviors for fruit metabolic content. We studied the metabolic contents of 44 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 18 polyphenolics, together with transcriptome profiles in a factorial design comprising six parental lines and their 14 F1 hybrids (HF1) among which were five pairs of reciprocal HF1. After cluster analyses of the metabolome dataset and co-expression network construction of the transcriptome dataset, we characterized the mode of inheritance of each component. Both overall and per-cross mode of inheritance analyses revealed as many additive and non-additive modes of inheritance with few reciprocal effects. Up to 66% of metabolites displayed transgressions in a HF1 relative to parental values. Analysis of the modes of inheritance of metabolites revealed that: (i) transgressions were mostly of a single type whichever the cross and poorly correlated to the genetic distance between parental lines; (ii) modes of inheritance were scarcely consistent between the 14 crosses but metabolites belonging to the same cluster displayed similar modes of inheritance for a given cross. Integrating metabolome, transcriptome and modes of inheritance analyses suggested a few candidate genes that may drive important changes in fruit VOC contents.
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SAMARAKOON, MILAN C., YUSUFJON GAFFOROV, NINGGUO LIU, SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA, JAYARAMA D. BHAT, JIAN-KUI LIU, ITTHAYAKORN PROMPUTTHA, and KEVIN D. HYDE. "Combined multi-gene backbone tree for the genus Coniochaeta with two new species from Uzbekistan." Phytotaxa 336, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.336.1.3.
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The genus Coniochaeta is an important ascomycete because its members live in diversified habitats and nutritional modes. In this study, two new species, C. acaciae and C. coluteae, are introduced from dead branches of Acacia sp. and Colutea paulsenii Freyn (both Fabaceae) respectively from Uzbekistan, based on morphological and phylogenetic studies. Analyses of combined ITS and LSU sequence data with Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) and comparison of similar taxa, provide evidences for placement of these new species in Coniochaeta, as distinct lineages.
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Sparrow, Robert, Rina Agustina, Hilde Bras, Grace Sheila, Matthias Rieger, Athia Yumna, Edith Feskens, and Alida Melse-Boonstra. "Adolescent Nutrition—Developing a Research Agenda for the Second Window of Opportunity in Indonesia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 42, no. 1_suppl (June 2021): S9—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120983668.
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Background: Recently, adolescence has been identified as a second window of opportunity for the correction of nutritional inadequacies. However, there is a lack of knowledge on evidence-based integrated nutrition strategies for adolescents in Indonesia. Objective: To provide a research agenda and the prioritization of research actions to tackle outstanding knowledge gaps on adolescent nutrition in Indonesia. Methods: A preliminary set of research topics was listed based on a desk study of the academic literature and policy documents. Second, a stakeholder meeting was held to further identify and discuss research topics related to adolescent nutrition in Indonesia. Third, an online survey was conducted in which respondents were asked to indicate priority research themes for the next 3 to 5 years and to rank a total of 23 research questions. Results: Most (52%) of the respondents who returned the survey (n = 27) prioritize research on implementation and program evaluation, while 30% prefer descriptive and explanatory research, and 19% place priority with intervention and discovery research. However, when we followed up with specific topics for each of these broad research areas, a more nuanced picture emerged, with intervention and discovery research taking a more prominent standing. Conclusions: In order to support the design, implementation, and effectiveness of integrated nutrition programs for Indonesian adolescents, in-depth studies should question the best intervention strategies, modes of delivery, and long-term outcomes, while nationwide and disaggregated data should investigate associations and trends over time and identify vulnerable groups.
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Lihoreau, Mathieu, Michael A. Charleston, Alistair M. Senior, Fiona J. Clissold, David Raubenheimer, Stephen J. Simpson, and Jerome Buhl. "Collective foraging in spatially complex nutritional environments." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1727 (July 3, 2017): 20160238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0238.
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Nutrition impinges on virtually all aspects of an animal's life, including social interactions. Recent advances in nutritional ecology show how social animals often trade-off individual nutrition and group cohesion when foraging in simplified experimental environments. Here, we explore how the spatial structure of the nutritional landscape influences these complex collective foraging dynamics in ecologically realistic environments. We introduce an individual-based model integrating key concepts of nutritional geometry, collective animal behaviour and spatial ecology to study the nutritional behaviour of animal groups in large heterogeneous environments containing foods with different abundance, patchiness and nutritional composition. Simulations show that the spatial distribution of foods constrains the ability of individuals to balance their nutrient intake, the lowest performance being attained in environments with small isolated patches of nutritionally complementary foods. Social interactions improve individual regulatory performances when food is scarce and clumpy, but not when it is abundant and scattered, suggesting that collective foraging is favoured in some environments only. These social effects are further amplified if foragers adopt flexible search strategies based on their individual nutritional state. Our model provides a conceptual and predictive framework for developing new empirically testable hypotheses in the emerging field of social nutrition. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals’.
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Titova, I. M., and M. E. Mosharova. "SUBSTANTIATION OF SAUCE TECHNOLOGY USING VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS PROCESSING PRODUCTS TO INCREASE THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FISH SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS." Bulletin оf Kamchatka State Technical University, no. 58 (2021): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17217/2079-0333-2021-43-55.
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The research on the justification of sauce technology to increase the nutritional value of fish semi-finished products is represented. The optimal ratio of the sauce components (apple sauce, obtained from pomace during direct-pressed juice production, and tomato puree) according to organoleptic parameters, dry matter content and viscosity has been established. A comparative analysis of the rheological characteristics of the developed sauce with a sample used in industry is carried out. The changes in the viscosity index of the sauce depending on different temperature technological modes are investigated.
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Altynbayeva, G. К., and J. В. Baimukhanova. "The use of substandard grain in the technology of compound feed of increased nutritional value." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 3 (October 3, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2021-3-10-18.
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The article discusses the complex processing of substandard grain and by-products of processing agricultural raw materials in the technology of obtaining a combined feed with increased nutritional value.A method for processing feed with polysteam lactic acid ferment based on whole-ground soy flour and wastes from processing soybeans in the presence of 0.5% lactose solution is proposed. The optimal modes of feed biofermentationhave been established: pH – 5.2, medium temperature - 25°C. There was an increase in the finished product of reducing substances by 23.3%, crude protein up to 12.8%.The proposed method in the production of compound feed allows you to process substandard wheat grain, obtain a protein mass, dispose of production waste - soybean meal, thus eliminating sources of environmental pollution.
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Lambo, Modinat Tolani, Xiaofeng Chang, and Dasen Liu. "The Recent Trend in the Use of Multistrain Probiotics in Livestock Production: An Overview." Animals 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102805.
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It has been established that introducing feed additives to livestock, either nutritional or non-nutritional, is beneficial in manipulating the microbial ecosystem to maintain a balance in the gut microbes and thereby improving nutrient utilization, productivity, and health status of animals. Probiotic use has gained popularity in the livestock industry, especially since antimicrobial growth promoter’s use has been restricted due to the challenge of antibiotic resistance in both animals and consumers of animal products. Their usage has been linked to intestinal microbial balance and improved performance in administered animals. Even though monostrain probiotics could be beneficial, multistrain probiotics containing two or more species or strains have gained considerable attention. Combining different strains has presumably achieved several health benefits over single strains due to individual isolates’ addition and positive synergistic adhesion effects on animal health and performance. However, there has been inconsistency in the effects of the probiotic complexes in literature. This review discusses multistrain probiotics, summarizes selected literature on their effects on ruminants, poultry, and swine productivity and the various modes by which they function.
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Baum, Petra, Klaus V. Toyka, Matthias Blüher, Joanna Kosacka, and Marcin Nowicki. "Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DN)—New Aspects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (October 7, 2021): 10835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910835.
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The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is complex, and various pathogenic pathways have been proposed. A better understanding of the pathophysiology is warranted for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize recent evidence from experiments using animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes showing that low-grade intraneural inflammation is a facet of diabetic neuropathy. Our experimental data suggest that these mild inflammatory processes are a likely common terminal pathway in diabetic neuropathy associated with the degeneration of intraepidermal nerve fibers. In contrast to earlier reports claiming toxic effects of high-iron content, we found the opposite, i.e., nutritional iron deficiency caused low-grade inflammation and fiber degeneration while in normal or high non-heme iron nutrition no or only extremely mild inflammatory signs were identified in nerve tissue. Obesity and dyslipidemia also appear to trigger mild inflammation of peripheral nerves, associated with neuropathy even in the absence of overt diabetes mellitus. Our finding may be the experimental analog of recent observations identifying systemic proinflammatory activity in human sensorimotor diabetic neuropathy. In a rat model of type 1 diabetes, a mild neuropathy with inflammatory components could be induced by insulin treatment causing an abrupt reduction in HbA1c. This is in line with observations in patients with severe diabetes developing a small fiber neuropathy upon treatment-induced rapid HbA1c reduction. If the inflammatory pathogenesis could be further substantiated by data from human tissues and intervention studies, anti-inflammatory compounds with different modes of action may become candidates for the treatment or prevention of diabetic neuropathy.
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DUPRAZ, C., and A. STRASSER. "Nutritional Modes in Coral--Microbialite Reefs (Jurassic, Oxfordian, Switzerland): Evolution of Trophic Structure as a Response to Environmental Change." PALAIOS 17, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2002)017<0449:nmicmr>2.0.co;2.
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Zhang, Fan, Xiaoqi Hu, Zuyin Tian, Qian Zhang, and Guansheng Ma. "Literature research of the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students in China." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 5 (May 27, 2014): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjectiveTo describe the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) in China and to share the experiences of developing and implementing nationwide school meal programmes with other countries.DesignThe article is based on a literature review of technical documents and reports of NIPRCES and relevant national legislation, technical reports and studies on school nutrition, minutes of meetings and national conferences, and official documents of the National Office of Student Nutrition and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.SettingPeople’s Republic of China.SubjectsPublished papers, national policies, legislation and unpublished official documents.ResultsA total of 23 million rural compulsory education students were covered by NIPRCES. In the development and implementation process of NIPRCES, fifteen ministries and national committees were involved and an efficient collaborative mechanism was established. All NIPRCES-covered schools were required to serve meals on a daily basis. By the end of June 2012, the proportions of students choosing ‘school feeding’, ‘food package’ and ‘family feeding’ modes were respectively 64·0 %, 32·0 % and 4·0 %. The central government subsidized school meals annually by more than $US 2·5 billion and invested $US 4·8 billion on school kitchens to support this programme.ConclusionsThe NIPRCES is a significant movement of governmental nutritional intervention in China. Food safety, financial security, decentralization and other potential concerns should be considered and lessons can be learned from other countries. Further relevant research and a nationwide monitoring and evaluation programme are needed.
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Zhang, Xiaoqun, Weiyou Zheng, Heng Zhang, Yi Chai, and Guoliang Ruan. "Comparison of Muscle Quality of the Yellow Catfish Cultured in In-Pond Raceway Systems and Traditional Ponds." Water 14, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14081223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to understand the difference in muscle nutritional quality between yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) cultured in in-pond raceway systems (IPR) and traditional ponds (TRP), two modes were used to culture the yellow catfish with the same initial body weight [average body weight (15.69 1 ± 2.28) g] for 60 days. The growth index, muscle texture characteristics, muscle nutritional components, amino acids and fatty acids of the fish were measured after the culture experiment. The results showed that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and survival rate of IPR were significantly higher than TRP (p < 0.05). The hardness, elasticity, chewiness and resilience of the yellow catfish cultured in IPR were significantly higher than those cultured in TRP (p < 0.05). The crude protein content in the muscle of the yellow catfish cultured in IPR was significantly higher than that cultured in TRP (p < 0.01), while the content of crude fat and water was significantly lower (p < 0.01). The total amount of amino acids, essential amino acids and flavor amino acids of IPR were significantly higher than TRP (p < 0.01). The percentages of saturated fatty acids in muscle of the yellow catfish cultured in IPR and TRP were 3.59% and 3.83%, respectively, and the percentages of unsaturated fatty acids were 96.41% and 96.17%, respectively. It was concluded that the nutritional quality of yellow catfish cultured in IPR was better than that of fish cultured in TRP.
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Guizani, Monia, Samira Maatallah, and Aida Ltifi. "Influence of water stress on the nutritional quality of peach fruits." JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 4, Special (June 16, 2022): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56027/joasd.192022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, affects the production of fruit trees. In this region, fruit tree production requires an efficient water supply that maintaining safe and stable yields. The aim of this work is to study the influence of irrigation modes on the nutritional peach fruit quality and the control of water stress indicators rates. Our experiment was carried out at the CRRA Sidi Bouzid (Central-West of Tunisia). It focused on four varieties of peach (Prunus persica L), two early varieties (Flordastar (FS) and Early Maycrest (EMC)), a seasonal variety (Rubirich (RUB)) and a late variety (O'Henry (O'H)). Three different irrigation treatments were applied to the experimental plot: full irrigation (T1; 100% ETc), sustained deficit irrigation (T2; 50% ETc) and cyclical deficit irrigation (T3). The contents of total sugar, protein, and proline as well as some bioactive compounds and stress indicators (MDA, H2O2) were quantified in the exocarp and mesocarp of the fruit. The results showed that O’H fruits are the richest in phenolic compounds, as well as they have significant antioxidant activity. While, both FS tissues accumulated more sugar (55.15 and 81.31g/100g in the mesocarp and exocarp, respectively). Protein level was much higher under T2 and T3 treatments compared to the control treatment (T1) in all varieties. Water stress mainly T2 had significantly stimulated the accumulation of proline in the mesocarp of FS (the content increased from 0.61 to 2.1 µmol/100 g MS). In addition, in the four varieties, the cyclic water treatment (T3) has a significant effect on the accumulation of sugar and phenolic compounds. In conclusion, T3 seems to be the most adequate water regime to be applied in semi-arid region, saving water resources and maintaining fruit quality.
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Raubenheimer, D., and S. J. Simpson. "Integrative models of nutrient balancing: application to insects and vertebrates." Nutrition Research Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1997): 151–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr19970009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe present and apply to data for insects, chickens and rats a conceptual and experimental framework for studying nutrition as a multi-dimensional phenomenon. The framework enables the unification within a single geometrical model of several nutritionally relevant measures, including: the optimal balance and amounts of nutrients required by an animal in a given time (the intake target), the animal's current state in relation to these requirements, available foods, the amounts of ingested nutrients which are retained and eliminated, and animal performance. Animals given a nutritionally balanced food, or two or more imbalanced but complementary foods, can satisfy their nutrient requirements, and hence optimize performance. However, animals eating noncomplementary imbalanced foods must decide on a suitable compromise between overingesting some nutrients and underingesting others. The geometrical models provide a means of measuring nutritional targets and rules of compromise, and comparing these among different animals and within similar animals at different developmental stages or in different environments. They also provide a framework for designing and interpreting experiments on the regulatory and metabolic mechanisms underlying nutritional homeostasis.
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Giannakourou, Maria C., and Petros S. Taoukis. "Effect of Alternative Preservation Steps and Storage on Vitamin C Stability in Fruit and Vegetable Products: Critical Review and Kinetic Modelling Approaches." Foods 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 2630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vitamin C, a water-soluble compound, is a natural antioxidant in many plant-based products, possessing important nutritional benefits for human health. During fruit and vegetable processing, this bioactive compound is prone to various modes of degradation, with temperature and oxygen being recognised as the main factors responsible for this nutritional loss. Consequently, Vitamin C is frequently used as an index of the overall quality deterioration of such products during processing and post-processing storage and handling. Traditional preservation methods, such as thermal processing, drying and freezing, are often linked to a substantial Vitamin C loss. As an alternative, novel techniques or a combination of various preservation steps (“hurdles”) have been extensively investigated in the recent literature aiming at maximising Vitamin C retention throughout the whole product lifecycle, from farm to fork. In such an integrated approach, it is important to separately study the effect of each preservation step and mathematically describe the impact of the prevailing factors on Vitamin C stability, so as to be able to optimise the processing/storage phase. In this context, alternative mathematical approaches have been applied, including more sophisticated ones that incorporate parameter uncertainties, with the ultimate goal of providing more realistic predictions.
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Chakanova, Zhanar, Darigash Shaimerdenova, Meruert Bekbolatova, Gaini Sarbasova, Damira Iskakova, and Adlet Yesmambetov. "Development of technologies for obtaining grain bases and special additives from local grain raw materials to make products of increased nutritional value." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 11 (118) (August 30, 2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.261747.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The object of research reported in this paper is grain and leguminous crops of Kazakhstan. Grains and leguminous crops, as well as products that are made from them, are of great importance in human nutrition because they are sources of protein, fat, carbohydrates, some vitamins, and macro and microelements. They contain plant fibers, as well as a number of biologically active substances necessary for the normal functioning of the entire human body. At the same time, modern technologies for processing and manufacturing products from cereals are associated with significant losses of nutrients embedded in them by nature when producing refined products. The problem that needs to be solved is to study the impact exerted on grain crops by various processing techniques and to propose the most optimal ones that make it possible to maximally preserve the nutrients of grain raw materials laid down by nature. A comparative study of the following grain processing techniques was carried out: micronization, extrusion, germination, and fine grinding. Processing modes have been proposed, which could significantly reduce the loss of useful substances of the grain. The chemical and vitamin composition of processed products has been studied. It was established that fine grinding and extrusion processing are the most acceptable because they allowed the use of grain without separating the shells containing the main nutrients of the grain. The suggested processing modes contribute to the production of grain bases and additives with the most optimal vitamin-mineral formulation. This study's results contributed to a better understanding of the impact of the examined techniques for processing grains and legumes on the vitamin-mineral complex of the resulting products. Grain processing modes can be recommended for practical application.