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1
Binder, Alice, Brigitte Naderer, Jörg Matthes, and Ines Spielvogel. "Fiction is Sweet. The Impact of Media Consumption on the Development of Children’s Nutritional Knowledge and the Moderating Role of Parental Food-Related Mediation. A Longitudinal Study." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051478.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutritional knowledge is an important cognitive facilitator that potentially helps children to follow a healthy diet. Two main information agents influence children’s development of nutritional knowledge: the media and their parents. While a high amount of media consumption potentially decreases children’s nutritional knowledge, parents may shape the amount of information children can gather about nutrition through their food-related mediation styles. In addition, children’s individual preconditions predict how children can process the provided nutritional information. This two-wave panel study with children (N = 719; 5–11 years) and their parents (N = 719) investigated the main effects and interplay of children’s amount of media consumption and their parents’ food-related mediation styles by performing linear regression analysis. Children’s individual preconditions were also considered. We measured children’s self-reported amount of media consumption, children’s age, sex, weight, and height (BMI). Additionally, in a parent survey we asked parents about how they communicate their rules about eating while especially focusing on active and restrictive food rule communication styles. As a dependent measure, we examined children’s nutritional knowledge at Time 1 and 2. The results show that the amount of media consumption has a negative effect on children’s nutritional knowledge over time. Parents’ restrictive or active food-related mediation asserted no main effects and could not lever out the negative effect of the amount of media consumption. Therefore, we argue that parents should limit children’s amount of media consumption to avoid the manifestation of misperceptions about nutrition.
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Kim, Ha-Ram, Seon-Ok Kim, and Sin-Ae Park. "The Effects of Horticultural Activity Program on Vegetable Preference of Elementary School Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was conducted to investigate effects of a horticultural activity program based on a mediating variable model for improving vegetable preference among elementary students. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 136 students and 136 primary carers in Seoul, South Korea. Based on the mediation model for improving children’s vegetable preference, 12 sessions were conducted, including gardening, nutrition education, and cooking activities using harvests. The program was conducted weekly for 12 weeks from March to July 2019. To investigate the effect of this program, mediating factors of the children were evaluated before and after the program. Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify the mediating factors. The nutrition index, attitude, knowledge, and eating habits of the primary carers were evaluated. Results showed children’s nutrition and gardening knowledge, dietary self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and vegetable preference were significantly improved (p < 0.001). Primary carers showed significant improvement in the nutrition index, knowledge, and attitude (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis confirmed that most of the mediating factors had significant correlations (p < 0.05). Therefore, administering a structured program involving horticultural activities and nutrition education as mediating factors for 12 sessions was effective in improving eating behavior for vegetables elementary school students and primary carers.
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Yang, Fahui, Le Qi, Shiyu Liu, Wen Hu, Qike Cao, Ying Liu, Man Tang, Zhuolan Lv, Zhehan Zhou, and Yingkai Yang. "Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Behaviors: The Mediation Role of Smartphone Addiction and Depression." Nutrients 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to determine whether smartphone addiction and depression sequentially mediate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors (e.g., restrained eating, emotional eating and external eating). A total of 5986 participants (54.1% females, average age = 19.8 years, age range = 17–32) completed the Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Body Parts Scale, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addiction Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Mediational analysis showed that, after controlling for age, sex and body mass index, body dissatisfaction was related to disordered eating behaviors through (a) the mediating effect of smartphone addiction, (b) the mediating effect of depression, and (c) the serial mediating effect of smartphone addiction and depression. In conclusion, our study showed for the first time that smartphone addiction and depression can be sequential mediator variables in the association between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, this study is a cross-sectional study; future longitudinal studies could further test the causal associations between these study variables.
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He, Siran, Ngoc-Anh Le, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Reynaldo Martorell, K. M. Venkat Narayan, and Aryeh D. Stein. "Leptin partially mediates the association between early-life nutritional supplementation and long-term glycemic status among women in a Guatemalan longitudinal cohort." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Background Early-life exposure to improved nutrition is associated with decreased risk of diabetes but increased risk of obesity. Leptin positively correlates with adiposity and has glucose-lowering effects, thus it may mediate the association of early-life nutrition and long-term glycemic status. Objectives We aimed to investigate the role of leptin in the differential association between early-life nutrition and the risks of obesity and diabetes. Methods We analyzed data from a Guatemalan cohort who were randomly assigned at the village level to receive nutritional supplements as children. We conducted mediation analysis to examine the role of leptin in the associations of early-life nutrition and adult cardiometabolic outcomes. Results Among 1112 study participants aged (mean ± SD) 44.1 ± 4.2 y, 60.6% were women. Cardiometabolic conditions were common: 40.2% of women and 19.4% of men were obese, and 53.1% of women and 41.0% of men were hyperglycemic or diabetic. Median (IQR) leptin concentration was 15.2 ng/mL (10.2–17.3 ng/mL) in women and 2.7 ng/mL (1.3–5.3 ng/mL) in men. Leptin was positively correlated with BMI (Spearman's ρ was 0.6 in women, 0.7 in men). Women exposed to improved nutrition in early life had 2.8-ng/mL (95% CI: 0.3, 5.3 ng/mL) higher leptin and tended to have lower fasting glucose (–0.8 mmol/L; –1.8, 0.2 mmol/L, nonsignificant) than unexposed women. There were no significant differences in leptin (–0.7 ng/mL; –2.1, 0.8 ng/mL) or fasting glucose (0.2 mmol/L; –0.5, 0.9 mmol/L) in men exposed to improved nutrition in early life compared with unexposed men. Leptin mediated 34.9% of the pathway between early-life nutrition and fasting glucose in women. The mediation in women was driven by improved pancreatic β-cell function. We did not observe the mediation effect in men. Conclusions Leptin mediated the glucose-lowering effect of early-life nutrition in women but not in men.
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Amatori, Stefano, Sabrina Donati Zeppa, Antonio Preti, Marco Gervasi, Erica Gobbi, Fabio Ferrini, Marco B. L. Rocchi, et al. "Dietary Habits and Psychological States during COVID-19 Home Isolation in Italian College Students: The Role of Physical Exercise." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 3660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123660.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social isolation has adverse effects on mental health, physical exercise, and dietary habits. This longitudinal observational study aimed to investigate the effects of mood states and exercise on nutritional choices, on 176 college students (92 males, 84 females; 23 ± 4 years old) during the COVID-19 lockdown. During 21 days, nutrition and exercise were daily monitored, and the mood states assessed. A factor analysis was used to reduce the number of nutritional variables collected. The relationships between exercise, mood and nutrition were investigated using a multivariate general linear model and a mediation model. Seven factors were found, reflecting different nutritional choices. Exercise was positively associated with fruit, vegetables and fish consumption (p = 0.004). Depression and quality of life were, directly and inversely, associated with cereals, legumes (p = 0.005; p = 0.004) and low-fat meat intake (p = 0.040; p = 0.004). Exercise mediated the effect of mood states on fruit, vegetables and fish consumption, respectively, accounting for 4.2% and 1.8% of the total variance. Poorer mood states possibly led to unhealthy dietary habits, which can themselves be linked to negative mood levels. Exercise led to healthier nutritional choices, and mediating the effects of mood states, it might represent a key measure in uncommon situations, such as home-confinement.
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Rusinova, Nina, and Viacheslav Safronov. "Psychological Resources, Material Deprivation, and Health in Europe: Direct Effects and Mediation of Educational Inequalities." Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research, no. 5 (November 6, 2019): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33491/telescope2019.5-603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the problem of mediation of social structural inequalities in health. According to theoretical explanations that require further empirical justification, inequalities in education — deterioration of health with its decline — may be associated with material deprivation. With a low educational status, a person does not have enough material resources necessary for high-quality nutrition, recreation and treatment. These inequalities may also arise due to the fact that poorly educated people lack the psychological reserves necessary for overcoming life's difficulties. Analysis of European Social Survey data (ESS 2012) for 27 countries, as well as the contextual factor of social protection expenditure was carried out using statistical methods of two-level modeling and regression models for mediation effects (HLM, MLmed macro, Process macro). Health inequalities in education are clearly manifest in any country. It was established that, along with education, material deprivations and especially personal resources play a significant role in differentiating the well-being of people, exerting an independent impact on it. According to the modeling results, in many countries, including the most developed, material deprivations that people with low levels of education suffer from, act as a mediator, partly clarifying the reasons for differences in health among people with different education. One of the lines of psychological mediation is also connected with material conditions — through two intermediaries, the first of which is deprivation, and the second is psychological qualities. At the same time, even when controlling all of these mediating effects, personal characteristics are an important mediator of SES inequalities, but not all over Europe, but only in countries with a relatively weak social state. In conclusion, a brief description of health inequalities and mediating effects in Russia is given.
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Razzaq, Amar, Yifan Tang, and Ping Qing. "Towards Sustainable Diets: Understanding the Cognitive Mechanism of Consumer Acceptance of Biofortified Foods and the Role of Nutrition Information." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Micronutrient malnutrition, also known as hidden hunger, continues to affect more than 2 billion people globally. Biofortification, which is a process of breeding staple crops with improved micronutrient contents such as vitamin A, iron, and zinc, offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution in reducing hidden hunger. However, the success of these foods depends on consumer acceptance. In contrast to previous studies, this research focuses on the mechanism of consumer acceptance of biofortified crops that undergo physical changes (i.e., changes in appearance) after biofortification. We use data on 473 Chinese consumers collected through online surveys to examine their purchase intentions for biofortified foods that have visible (vs. invisible) nutrition traits. Using two online surveys, we conduct two studies to reveal the mechanism and antecedents of consumer acceptance of different biofortified foods. In Study 1, we find that consumer purchase intentions vary depending upon the visibility of nutrition traits in biofortified foods. Specifically, consumers exhibit a nutrition-related food neophobia (NFN) regardless of visibility of the nutrition trait in biofortified foods; and a sensory-affective food neophobia (SFN) which is only pronounced when the nutrition trait in biofortified foods is visible. The results of the mediation analysis show that for both types of biofortified foods, NFN mediates consumers’ purchasing intentions. For foods that involve visible changes after biofortification, SFN acts as an additional mediator of consumer purchase intentions. Using ordered logistic regression analysis, we find that both food neophobias have a negative impact on consumer acceptance of biofortified foods. The results of Study 2 confirm our findings and further show that nutrition information moderates the mediation of NFN and SFN, i.e., the negative impact of NFN and SFN on purchase intentions can be reduced by providing nutrition information to consumers. The results of this study have several theoretical and practical implications and are of interest to stakeholders and marketers in the promotion of biofortified foods.
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Deroover, Kristine, Tamara Bucher, Corneel Vandelanotte, Hein de Vries, and Mitch J. Duncan. "Practical Nutrition Knowledge Mediates the Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Diet Quality in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." American Journal of Health Promotion 34, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117119878074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: To investigate the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic/health factors on diet quality through practical nutrition knowledge (PNK) about how to compose a balanced meal. Design: A cross-sectional study using data from an online survey of the 10 000 Steps cohort (data collected November-December 2016). Setting: Australia. Participants: Adults (n = 8161). Response rate was 16.7%. Measures: Self-reported lifestyle, health, and sociodemographic characteristics, including diet quality and PNK. Analysis: The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to conduct the mediation analyses. Results: Better diet quality was associated with being female, older, more highly educated, and having a lower body mass index. Mediation analysis showed that PNK significantly mediated the associations between sex (a*b = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39-0.70) and education (vocational education: a*b = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.12-0.35, university: a*b = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.35-0.64), and diet quality. Practical nutrition knowledge suppressed the association between age and diet quality (a*b = −0.03, 95% CI = −0.04 to −0.03). Conclusion: Variations in diet quality between sociodemographic groups were partially explained by differences in PNK, suggesting that focusing public health efforts on increasing this specific knowledge type might be promising.
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Wang, Wenji, Yu Huo, Jialing Zhang, Da Xu, Fan Bai, and Yonghao Gui. "Association between High-Fat Diet during Pregnancy and Heart Weight of the Offspring: A Multivariate and Mediation Analysis." Nutrients 14, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 4237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maternal nutrition and health status in the peri-pregnancy period are closely related to offspring health. Currently, population studies are unable to provide quantitative relationships and effective measures of peri-pregnancy high-fat diet and offspring myocardial remodeling due to the difficulty of obtaining human samples. This study aimed to establish the mouse models of maternal obesity and high-fat diet supplementation and deprivation during pregnancy. The effects of obesity, periconceptional high-fat diet window, fetal weight, sex, and placental weight on myocardial remodeling in the offspring were measured by single-factor and multiple-factor regression analyses. Moreover, the relationship between perinatal high-fat diet/fetal weight and offspring myocardial remodeling was explored using the mediation analysis model. The multivariate analysis showed that the heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio of the offspring decreased by −1.6525 mg/g for every 1-g increase in fetal weight. The offspring HW/BW increased by 1.1967 mg/g if pregnant women were exposed to a high-fat diet throughout pregnancy. The mediation analysis model of a perinatal high-fat diet for the myocardial remodeling of offspring revealed that fetal weight had a suppression effect on the myocardial weight of offspring, accounting for 60.70%; also, it had a mediating effect on the HW/BW of offspring, accounting for 17.10%. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed an interaction between offspring sex and HW/BW in a maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy. Additionally, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiment further proved that a perinatal high-fat diet could change the important indicators of myocardial remodeling in offspring. In conclusion, this study found that a high-fat diet in the periconceptional period influenced factors in offspring myocardial remodeling. Moreover, maternal high-fat diet deprivation attenuated the changes in offspring myocardial remodeling. In addition, the role of fetal weight in mediating maternal high-fat diet-mediated offspring myocardial remodeling was quantified. Our study showed that a sensible and healthy diet during the perinatal period, especially during pregnancy, played a positive role in the health of the offspring.
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Samela, Tonia, Marco Innamorati, David Lester, Giulia Raimondi, Giancarlo Giupponi, Claudio Imperatori, Anna Contardi, and Mariantonietta Fabbricatore. "The association between adult ADHD and food addiction: A mediation analysis." Appetite 167 (December 2021): 105613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105613.
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Michels, Nathalie. "Poor Mental Health Is Related to Excess Weight via Lifestyle: A Cross-Sectional Gender- and Age-Dependent Mediation Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within mental health as risk factor for excess weight, prevention-relevant questions remain: does the relation persist after considering lifestyle, which lifestyle parameters might be most important to target, which gender or age subgroups are most at risk? The cross-sectional Belgian health survey 2013 (n = 4687; ≥15 years) measured mental health via anxiety and depression symptoms (Symptom Check List 90-R) and distress (General Health Questionnaire-12). Logistic regression, multiple mediation and moderated mediation were applied. Poor mental health was significantly related to a higher excess weight prevalence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.18 with 95% confidence interval (0.17–1.19)) and an unhealthier lifestyle i.e., more smoking, sleep problems, disordered eating, soft-drink, and alcohol consumption; while less fruit/vegetables and physical activity and even lower snack intake. Associations were often gender- and age-specific e.g., poor mental health was only related to less snacking in men and middle-adulthood, while an association with more snacking appeared in youth (<25 years). Disordered eating, physical activity and smoking were significant mediators explaining 88% of mental-weight associations, after which the association became negative (OR = 0.92 (0.91–0.93)). Mediation by snacking and disordered eating was stronger in the youngest and mediation by smoking was stronger in women. Thus, especially youth has high mental health associated behavioral and weight risks and gender or age differences can explain conflicting literature results on lifestyle.
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Serrano, Davide, Chiara Pozzi, Silvia Guglietta, Bruno Fosso, Mariano Suppa, Patrizia Gnagnarella, Federica Corso, et al. "Microbiome as Mediator of Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Role of Vitamin D, Markers of Inflammation and Adipokines." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Obesity and diet are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and microbiome could mediate this risk factor. To investigate this interaction, we performed a case–control study (34 CRC cases and 32 controls) and analyzed fecal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and sub-sequential shotgun analyses of genomic bacterial DNA to evaluate the role of microbiome and diet in CRC etiology, taking into account vitamin D and other risk biomarkers. Dietary habits were evaluated using a short questionnaire. Multivariate methods for data integration and mediation analysis models were used to investigate causal relationships. CRC cases were significantly more often deficient in vitamin D than controls (p = 0.04); FokI and CYP24A1 polymorphism frequency were different between cases and controls (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). A diet poor in fatty fish and rich in carbohydrates was found to be significantly associated with CRC risk (p = 0.011). The mediation analysis confirmed the significant role of the microbiome in mediating CRC risk—increasing levels of Bifidobacteria/Escherichia genera ratio, an indicator of “healthy” intestinal microbiome, can overcome the effect of diet on CRC risk (p = 0.03). This study suggests that microbiome mediates the diet effect on CRC risk, and that vitamin D, markers of inflammation, and adipokines are other factors to consider in order to achieve a better knowledge of the whole carcinogenic process.
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Yun, Miaoying, Tao Zhang, Shengxu Li, Xuan Wang, Lijun Fan, Yinkun Yan, Lydia Bazzano, Jiang He, and Wei Chen. "Temporal relationship between body mass index and uric acid and their joint impact on blood pressure in children and adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study." International Journal of Obesity 45, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 1457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00810-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Objective This study aimed to examine the temporal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and uric acid (UA), and their joint effect on blood pressure (BP) in children and adults. Methods The longitudinal cohorts for temporal relationship analyses consisted of 564 and 911 subjects examined twice 5–14 years apart from childhood to adulthood. The cross-sectional cohorts for mediation analyses consisted of 3102 children and 3402 nondiabetic adults. Cross-lagged panel analysis models were used to examine the temporal relationship between BMI and UA, and mediation analysis models the mediation effect of UA on the BMI–BP association. Results After adjusting for age, race, sex and follow-up years in children, and additionally smoking and alcohol drinking in adults, the path coefficients (standardized regression coefficients) from baseline BMI to follow-up UA (0.145 in children and 0.068 in adults) were significant, but the path coefficients from baseline UA to follow-up BMI (0.011 in children and 0.016 in adults) were not. In mediation analyses, indirect effects through UA on the BMI-systolic BP association were estimated at 0.028 (mediation effect = 8.8%) in children and 0.033 (mediation effect = 13.5%) in adults (P < 0.001 for both). Direct effects of BMI on systolic BP (0.289 in children and 0.212 in adults) were significant. The mediation effect parameters did not differ significantly between Blacks and Whites. Conclusions Changes in BMI precede alterations in UA, and the BMI–BP association is in part mediated through BMI-related increase in UA both in children and in adults. These findings have implications for addressing mechanisms of obesity hypertension beginning in early life.
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van Rooij, Daan, Lizanne Schweren, Huiqing Shi, Catharina A. Hartman, and Jan K. Buitelaar. "Cortical and Subcortical Brain Volumes Partially Mediate the Association between Dietary Composition and Behavioral Disinhibition: A UK Biobank Study." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103542.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Behavioral disinhibition is observed to be an important characteristic of many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have linked dietary quality to levels of behavioral inhibition. However, it is currently unclear whether brain factors might mediate this. The current study investigates whether cortical and subcortical brain volumes mediate part of the association between dietary composition and behavioral disinhibition. A total of 15,258 subjects from the UK Biobank project were included in the current study. Dietary composition and behavioral disinhibition were based on Principle Component Analyses of self-reported dietary composition). As a further data reduction step, cortical and subcortical volume segmentations were input into an Independent Component Analysis. The resulting four components were used as mediator variables in the main mediation analyses, where behavioral disinhibition served as the outcome variable and dietary components as predictors. Our results show: (1) significant associations between all dietary components and brain volume components; (2) brain volumes are associated with behavioral disinhibition; (3) the mediation models show that part of the variance in behavioral disinhibition explained by dietary components (for healthy diet, restricted diet, and high-fat dairy diet) is mediated through the frontal-temporal/parietal brain volume component. These results are in part confirming our hypotheses and offer a first insight into the underlying mechanisms linking dietary composition, frontal-parietal brain volume, and behavioral disinhibition in the general adult population.
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O’Farrell, Felix, Xiyun Jiang, Shahad Aljifri, and Raha Pazoki. "Molecular Alterations Caused by Alcohol Consumption in the UK Biobank: A Mendelian Randomisation Study." Nutrients 14, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142943.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alcohol consumption is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and liver disease. The biological mechanisms are still largely unclear. Here, we aimed to use an agnostic approach to identify phenotypes mediating the effect of alcohol on various diseases. Methods: We performed an agnostic association analysis between alcohol consumption (red and white wine, beer/cider, fortified wine, and spirits) with over 7800 phenotypes from the UK biobank comprising 223,728 participants. We performed Mendelian randomisation analysis to infer causality. We additionally performed a Phenome-wide association analysis and a mediation analysis between alcohol consumption as exposure, phenotypes in a causal relationship with alcohol consumption as mediators, and various diseases as the outcome. Results: Of 45 phenotypes in association with alcohol consumption, 20 were in a causal relationship with alcohol consumption. Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT; β = 9.44; 95% CI = 5.94, 12.93; Pfdr = 9.04 × 10−7), mean sphered cell volume (β = 0.189; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.27; Pfdr = 1.00 × 10−4), mean corpuscular volume (β = 0.271; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.35; Pfdr = 7.09 × 10−10) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (β = 0.278; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.36; Pfdr = 1.60 × 10−6) demonstrated the strongest causal relationships. We also identified GGT and physical inactivity as mediators in the pathway between alcohol consumption, liver cirrhosis and alcohol dependence. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of causality between alcohol consumption and 20 phenotypes and a mediation effect for physical activity on health consequences of alcohol consumption.
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Liu, Shuo, Hongbin Jiang, Dongfeng Zhang, Jia Luo, and Hua Zhang. "The Association between Smoking Cessation and Depressive Symptoms: Diet Quality Plays a Mediating Role." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 3047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between smoking cessation and depressive symptoms and investigate the mediating role of dietary quality. Methods: We used data from the 2007–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the associations between smoking cessation and depressive symptoms. Stratified analysis was performed according to different HEI levels. We examined the mediating role of HEI in the relationship between depressive symptoms and cessation duration using the Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method. Results: A total of 20,004 participants aged 20 years or older were included in the analyses. There were significant correlations between years for smoking cessation and depressive symptoms (OR: 0.985, 95% CI: 0.971~0.999) after adjusting for correlation covariables. A likelihood ratio test showed that there was an interaction between smoking cessation and diet quality (p = 0.047). In the mediation analysis, we estimated that the increase in HEI scores after quitting smoking could explain the 6.91% decline in depressive symptoms. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, smoking cessation showed a protective effect on depressive symptoms and that diet quality can influence and mediate this association.
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Akrivos, Jimmy, Carolyn Wei Zhu, and Vahram Haroutunian. "Role of cumulative biological risk in mediating socioeconomic disparities in cognitive function in the elderly: a mediation analysis." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e035847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesTo evaluate whether allostatic load (AL), a measure of cumulative biological risk, fully or partially mediates observed socioeconomic status (SES) differences in cognitive function in the elderly.DesignCross-sectional mediation analysis.SettingCommunity-dwelling US elderly who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).ParticipantsThe NHANES uses a complex, multistage, probability sampling design to select a nationally representative sample. Of the 4976 elderly (60 years or older) who were selected, 3234 agreed to participate in the household and medical exam interviews (65% response rate).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPerformance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)—a measure of cognitive function.ResultsRelative to participants with the lowest level of education or family income, participants who were college graduates (β=24.4, 95% CI 22 to 26.8, p<0.0001) or in the highest income quartile (β=17.3, 95% CI 15.2 to 19.4, p<0.0001) had the highest DSST scores and the least AL burden (β=−0.72, 95% CI −0.98 to −0.47 and β=−0.82, 95% CI −1 to −0.57; p<0.0001, respectively). Although, AL was significantly negatively associated with cognitive performance (β = −1, 95% CI −1.4 to −0.5, p<0.0001), it mediated at most 4.5% of the SES effect on DSST performance.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that AL, as measured by a summary index of parameters for cardiovascular function, metabolism and chronic inflammation, is not a significant mediator of SES-related differences in cognitive function in the elderly. Further efforts are required to elucidate the exact physiological pathways and mechanisms through which SES impacts cognitive function in late life.
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Machado, Vanessa, João Botelho, João Viana, Paula Pereira, Luísa Bandeira Lopes, Luís Proença, Ana Sintra Delgado, and José João Mendes. "Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional and Mediation Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inflammation-modulating elements are recognized periodontitis (PD) risk factors, nevertheless, the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PD has never been appraised. We aimed to assess the association between DII and PD and the mediation effect of DII in the association of PD with systemic inflammation. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010, 2011–2012 and 2013–2014, participants who received periodontal exam and provided dietary recall data were included. The inflammatory potential of diet was calculated via DII. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. White blood cells (WBC), segmented neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as proxies for systemic inflammation. The periodontal measures were regressed across DII values using adjusted multivariate linear regression and adjusted mediation analysis. Overall, 10,178 participants were included. DII was significantly correlated with mean periodontal probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), thresholds of PPD and CAL, WBC, segmented neutrophils and DII (p < 0.01). A linear regression logistic adjusted for multiple confounding variables confirmed the association between DII and mean PPD (B = 0.02, Standard Error [SE]: 0.02, p < 0.001) and CAL (B = −0.02, SE: 0.01, p < 0.001). The association of mean PPD and mean CAL with both WBC and segmented neutrophils were mediated by DII (from 2.1 to 3.5%, p < 0.001). In the 2009–2010 subset, the association of mean CAL with serum CRP was mediated by DII (52.0%, p < 0.01). Inflammatory diet and PD may be associated. Also, the inflammatory diet significantly mediated the association of leukocyte counts and systemic inflammation with PD.
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Gete, Dereje, Michael Waller, and Gita Mishra. "The Role of Child Diets in the Association between Pre-pregnancy Diets and Childhood Behavioral Problems: A Mediation Analysis." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.022.
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Abstract Objectives To quantify the mediating role of childhood diets in the association between maternal diets before pregnancy and offspring behavioral problems. Methods This study included 1448 mother-child pairs from the Australian longitudinal study on women's health and its sub-study mothers and their children's health. The healthy eating index score was constructed using a semi-quantitative and validated 101-item food-frequency questionnaire. Childhood behavioral problems were assessed using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis to explore childhood dietary patterns (high fats and sugar; prudent diets; and diary). A causal inference framework for mediation analysis was used to quantify the mediating role of childhood diets in the association between pre-pregnancy diets and the risk of offspring behavioral problems. Results We found a 20% of the total effect of the poor adherence to pre-pregnancy diet quality on the risk of offspring behavioral problems was mediated through childhood high consumptions of fats and sugar. No clear mediating effect through prudent, and diary childhood diets was observed. Conclusions This study suggests that childhood high fats and sugar consumption may contribute to the total effects of the pre-pregnancy diets on the risk of childhood behavioral problems. Funding Sources The ALSWH is funded by the Australian Government Department of Health. MatCH is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grant. Dereje Gete is supported by the University of Queensland Research Training Scholarship. Gita Mishra holds the Australian Health and Medical Research Council Principal Research Fellowship.
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Min, Hyang K., Hyun Y. Ko, Jin T. Kim, Lise Bankir, and Sung W. Lee. "Low hydration status may be associated with insulin resistance and fat distribution: analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2010." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 2 (March 19, 2020): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520001063.
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AbstractWe aimed to identify the association of hydration status with insulin resistance (IR) and body fat distribution. A total of 14 344 adults participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2010. We used urine specific gravity (USG) to indicate hydration status, and HOMA-IR (homoeostasis model assessment of IR) and trunk:leg fat ratio (TLR) as primary outcomes. In multivariate logistic regression, the OR per 0·01 increase in USG for high IR was 1·303 (95 % CI 1·185, 1·433; P < 0·001). In multivariate generalised additive model plots, increased USG showed a J-shaped association with logarithmic HOMA-IR, with the lowest Akaike’s information criterion score of USG 1·030. Moreover, increased USG was independently associated with increased trunk fat, decreased leg fat and increased TLR. In mediation analysis, the proportion of mediation effects of USG on TLR via IR was 0·193 (95 % CI 0·132, 0·285; P < 0·001), while the proportion of mediation effects of USG on IR via TLR was 0·130 (95 % CI 0·086, 0·188; P < 0·001). Increased USG, a sign of low hydration status and presumably high vasopressin, was associated with IR and poor fat distribution. Direct effect of low hydration status may be more dominant than indirect effect via IR or fat distribution. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Peñalvo, José L., Elly Mertens, Ainara Muñoz-Cabrejas, Montserrat León-Latre, Estíbaliz Jarauta, Martín Laclaustra, José M. Ordovás, José Antonio Casasnovas, Irina Uzhova, and Belén Moreno-Franco. "Work Shift, Lifestyle Factors, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Spanish Male Workers: A Mediation Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041077.
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(1) Background: Working night shifts has been associated with altered circadian rhythms, lifestyle habits, and cardiometabolic risks. No information on the potential association of working shift and the presence of atherosclerosis is available. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between different work shifts and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis objectively measured by imaging. (2) Methods: Analyses were conducted on the baseline data of the Aragon Workers Health Study (AWHS) cohort, including information on 2459 middle-aged men. Categories of shift work included central day shift, rotating morning-evening or morning-evening-night shift, and night shift. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques was assessed by 2D ultrasound in the carotid and femoral vascular territories. Multivariable logistic models and mediation analysis were conducted to characterize and quantify the association between study variables. (3) Results: Participants working night or rotating shifts presented an overall worse cardiometabolic risk profile, as well as more detrimental lifestyle habits. Workers in the most intense (morning-evening-night) rotating shift presented higher odds of subclinical atherosclerosis (odds ratio: 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 2.27) compared to workers in the central shift, independently of the presence of lifestyle and metabolic risk factors. A considerable (21%) proportion of this association was found to be mediated by smoking, indicating that altered sleep-wake cycles have a direct relationship with the early presence of atherosclerotic lesions. (4) Conclusions: Work shifts should be factored in during workers health examinations, and when developing effective workplace wellness programs.
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Kaiser, K. A., and S. F. Franks. "A mediation analysis predicting body fat percentage with sleep and disinhibited eating in women." Appetite 57 (July 2011): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.193.
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Shi, Zaixing, Kanglin Shi, Zeyun Zhang, Jianlin Lin, and Ya Fang. "Mediating Effect of Physical Activity in the Association between Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Frailty Trajectories: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing." Nutrients 14, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14112292.
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BACKGROUND: Frailty is associated with adverse health outcomes, and vitamin D (VD) deficiency may be a risk factor. We aimed to identify frailty trajectories and examine the mediating effect of physical activity (PA) on the association between VD deficiency and frailty trajectories. METHODS: We included 2997 participants aged 60 to 85 years from ELSA. VD was measured using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (sufficient: >50; insufficient: 30–50; deficient: <30 nmol/L). Frailty was assessed by a 60-item frailty index, and PA was measured on the basis of total energy expenditure. Frailty trajectories were identified using group-based trajectory modeling, and the mediation effect of PA was tested using causal mediation analysis. RESULTS: Three distinct frailty trajectories emerged: “Non-frail” (66.48%), “Pre-frail to frail” (25.67%) and “Frail to severely frail” (7.85%). VD deficiency was associated with the “Pre-frail to frail” (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.98) and “Frail to severely frail” trajectories (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.45, 3.62). PA only mediated 48.4% (95% CI: 17.1%–270.8%) of the association between VD deficiency and the “Pre-frail to frail” trajectory. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the onset and worsening of frailty in older adults, and reduced PA may mediate its impact on the transition from pre-frailty to frailty.
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Botelho, João, Yago Leira, João Viana, Vanessa Machado, Patrícia Lyra, José Manuel Aldrey, Juan Manuel Pías-Peleteiro, Juan Blanco, Tomás Sobrino, and José João Mendes. "The Role of Inflammatory Diet and Vitamin D on the Link between Periodontitis and Cognitive Function: A Mediation Analysis in Older Adults." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030924.
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Patients suffering from periodontitis are at a higher risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. However, the mediation effect of an inflammatory diet and serum vitamin D levels in this link is unclear. In total, 2062 participants aged 60 years or older with complete periodontal diagnosis and cognitive tests from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 were enrolled. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD) word learning subtest (WLT) and CERAD delayed recall test (DRT), the animal fluency test (AFT) and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) was used. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) was computed via nutrition datasets. Mediation analysis tested the effects of DII and vitamin D levels in the association of mean probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) in all four cognitive tests. Periodontitis patients obtained worse cognitive test scores than periodontally healthy individuals. DII was negatively associated with CERAD-WLT, CERAD-DRT, AFT and DSST, and was estimated to mediate between 9.2% and 36.4% of the total association between periodontitis with cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.05). Vitamin D showed a weak association between CERAD-DRT, AFT and DSST and was estimated to between 8.1% and 73.2% of the association between periodontitis and cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.05). The association between periodontitis and impaired cognitive function seems to be mediated both by a proinflammatory dietary load and vitamin D deficiency. Future studies should further explore these mediators in the periodontitis-cognitive decline link.
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Hamilton, Kyra, Caitlin Vayro, and Ralf Schwarzer. "Social Cognitive Antecedents of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Truck Drivers: A Sequential Mediation Analysis." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 47, no. 4 (July 2015): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2015.04.325.
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Na, Xiaona, Yuandi Xi, Sicheng Qian, Jian Zhang, Yucheng Yang, and Ai Zhao. "Association between Dairy Product Intake and Risk of Fracture among Adults: A Cohort Study from China Health and Nutrition Survey." Nutrients 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081632.
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Background: The current literature reports inconsistent associations between dairy product intake and fracture. This study assessed the association between dairy product intake and the risk of fracture among Chinese adults and examined the mediation effects of height and body mass index (BMI) on the association. Methods: Data in 1997–2015 from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Dietary data were collected by a 24-hour dietary recall, and occurrences of fracture were obtained by self-report of participants. Cumulative average intake of daily dairy products was calculated by the sum of the dairy product intake and divided by the total waves of participating in the surveys before fracture. Cox proportion hazard regressions were performed to explore the associations between dairy product intake and the risk of fracture. Mediation analysis models were established to examine the mediation effects of height and BMI on the associations. Results: A total of 14,711 participants were included. Dairy product intake of 0.1–100 g/day was associated with a decreased risk of fracture, while no association was observed among participants with dairy product intake of >100 g/day. The indirect effects of dairy product intake on the fracture mediated by height and BMI were much smaller than the direct effects. Conclusions: Dairy product intake with 0.1–100 g/day is associated with a lower risk of fracture, and the association is mainly a direct result of nutrients in dairy products and much less a result of the mediation effects of height or BMI. Dairy product intake of 0.1–100 g/day might be a cost-effective measure for Chinese adults to decrease fracture incidence.
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Laouali, Nasser, Sanam Shah, Youssef Oulhote, and Tarik Benmarhnia. "Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Biomarker Score for Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mortality in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III)." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.035.
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Abstract Objectives Fruit and vegetable (FV) are part of a healthy diet as sufficient consumption has been associated with decreased incidence of a range of chronic diseases and mortality through changes in several biomarkers in blood. The present study aimed to examine the association between FV consumption and mortality among US adults, and the extent to which a composite score comprising of six biomarkers of FV intake and a biomarker of inflammation explained this association. Methods We used data on 13,892 adults aged ≥20 years enrolled in the NHANES-III between 1988 and 1994 and followed up through Dec 31, 2015. Daily serving of FV was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall and mortality was determined from the National Death Index records. Serum concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, vitamin C, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in blood samples. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between FV intake and mortality while controlling for confounding. We estimated the mediating effects of biomarkers associated with FV intake and inflammation on mortality through causal mediation analyses. Results Over the follow-up, 5023 participants died (1503 from cardiovascular diseases, 1110 from malignant neoplasms). Each increase in FV serving/day was associated with reduced risk of mortality from all-cause (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99) and cardiovascular (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91–1.00), but not from malignant diseases (0.95, 95% CI: 0.60–1.23). The causal mediation analysis showed that the biomarker score of FV and CRP mediated approximately 4% and 50%, and 12% and 50% of the association between FV intake and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Conclusions Our findings confirmed the beneficial effects of FV intake and revealed that the associations were partly mediated by a reduction in circulating inflammatory biomarker. Funding Sources The “Fondation de France” The Philippe Foundation.
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Pace, Noemi, Ashwini Sebastian, Silvio Daidone, Ervin Prifti, and Benjamin Davis. "Mediation analysis of the impact of the Zimbabwe Harmonized Social Cash Transfer Programme on food security and nutrition." Food Policy 106 (January 2022): 102190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102190.
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Werneck, André O., Danilo R. Silva, Paul J. Collings, Rômulo A. Fernandes, Enio R. V. Ronque, Décio S. Barbosa, and Edilson S. Cyrino. "Biological Maturation, Central Adiposity, and Metabolic Risk in Adolescents: A Mediation Analysis." Childhood Obesity 12, no. 5 (October 2016): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/chi.2016.0042.
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Lai, Chao-Qiang, Laurence D. Parnell, Caren E. Smith, Tao Guo, Sergi Sayols-Baixeras, Stella Aslibekyan, Hemant K. Tiwari, et al. "Carbohydrate and fat intake associated with risk of metabolic diseases through epigenetics of CPT1A." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 1200–1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa233.
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ABSTRACT Background Epigenome-wide association studies identified the cg00574958 DNA methylation site at the carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A) gene to be associated with reduced risk of metabolic diseases (hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome), but the mechanism underlying these associations is unknown. Objectives We aimed to elucidate whether carbohydrate and fat intakes modulate cg00574958 methylation and the risk of metabolic diseases. Methods We examined associations between carbohydrate (CHO) and fat (FAT) intake, as percentages of total diet energy, and the CHO/FAT ratio with CPT1A-cg00574958, and the risk of metabolic diseases in 3 populations (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network, n = 978; Framingham Heart Study, n = 2331; and REgistre GIroní del COR study, n = 645) while adjusting for confounding factors. To understand possible causal effects of dietary intake on the risk of metabolic diseases, we performed meta-analysis, CPT1A transcription analysis, and mediation analysis with CHO and FAT intakes as exposures and cg00574958 methylation as the mediator. Results We confirmed strong associations of cg00574958 methylation with metabolic phenotypes (BMI, triglyceride, glucose) and diseases in all 3 populations. Our results showed that CHO intake and CHO/FAT ratio were positively associated with cg00574958 methylation, whereas FAT intake was negatively correlated with cg00574958 methylation. Meta-analysis further confirmed this strong correlation, with β = 58.4 ± 7.27, P = 8.98 x 10-16 for CHO intake; β = −36.4 ± 5.95, P = 9.96 x 10-10 for FAT intake; and β = 3.30 ± 0.49, P = 1.48 x 10-11 for the CHO/FAT ratio. Furthermore, CPT1A mRNA expression was negatively associated with CHO intake, and positively associated with FAT intake, and metabolic phenotypes. Mediation analysis supports the hypothesis that CHO intake induces CPT1A methylation, hence reducing the risk of metabolic diseases, whereas FAT intake inhibits CPT1A methylation, thereby increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. Conclusions Our results suggest that the proportion of total energy supplied by CHO and FAT can have a causal effect on the risk of metabolic diseases via the epigenetic status of CPT1A. Study registration at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/: the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN)—NCT01023750; and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS)—NCT00005121.
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Xie, Yunyi, Han Qi, Wenjuan Peng, Bingxiao Li, Fuyuan Wen, Fengxu Zhang, and Ling Zhang. "Higher Potassium Intake and Lower Sodium Intake May Help in Reducing CVD Risk by Lowering Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure in the Han Chinese Population." Nutrients 14, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 4436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204436.
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Sodium (Na) reduction with a parallel supplemental potassium (K) intake can prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The relationship of the urinary Na/K ratio and salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) with CVDs is not clearly explained. We assumed that the SSBP mediates the relationship between the Na/K ratio and CVDs. In total, 2055 subjects who had 24 h urine collected and SSBP determined were included in this study. CVD risk was estimated using the China-PAR equation. MediationMultivariate logistic regression was used to explore the associations between the Na/K ratio or SSBP with CVD risk. Mediation analysis using a logistic regression model was performed. Both the urinary Na/K ratio and SSBP were related to the estimated CVD risk (p < 0.05). The mediation analysis found that SSBP mediated approximately 12% of the association between Na/K ratio and CVD risk. Our findings indicate that higher K intake and lower Na intake may help in preventing CVD risk by reducing SSBP risk in individuals with normotension or stage-one hypertension.
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Mccormick, N., L. Lu, C. Yokose, A. Joshi, T. Merriman, K. Saag, Y. Zhang, and H. Choi. "POS0155 WHAT DRIVES RACIAL DISPARITIES IN GOUT IN THE US? – POPULATION-BASED, SEX-SPECIFIC, CASUAL MEDIATION ANALYSIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2967.
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BackgroundTraditionally viewed as a disease of White men, global frequency and disability burden of female gout are rising disproportionately to male gout.1 Moreover, emerging US cohort data suggest gout and hyperuricemia impart larger burdens on Black adults than Whites.2 These racial disparities may be largely attributable to differences in non-genetic, mainly modifiable gout risk factors e.g., BMI, diet,3,4 and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, national-level, general population data on racial differences in burden of gout, and potential mediators, are lacking.ObjectivesTo determine and quantify sex-specific mediators of racial disparities in gout prevalence among a nationally representative sample of US adults.MethodsUsing recent decadal data (2007-2016) on physician-diagnosed gout and hyperuricemia from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we compared contemporary sex- and race-specific prevalences and conducted sequential causal mediation analysis (adjusting for upstream mediators following causal pathways)5 to determine the proportion of the racial differences attributable to 7 potentially mediating social and clinical factors (see DAG in Figure 1): low education, poverty, body mass index (BMI), alcohol, poor quality diet (poor DASH adherence), diuretic use, and CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min, using the latest equations that do not include a coefficient for Black race6, per National Kidney Foundation and American Society of Nephrology recommendations.7)ResultsAge standardised prevalence of gout was 3.5% and 2.0% in Black and White women, respectively (age-adjusted OR =1.8 [95% CI: 1.3 to 2.5]), and 7.0% and 5.4% in Black and White men (age-adjusted OR =1.3 [1.0 to 1.6]). Most risk factors were more frequent/elevated in Blacks than Whites, except alcohol consumption, which was lower in Blacks (both sexes). BMI levels and poverty were higher in Black women, but similar between Black and White men.Largest mediating factor of excess gout cases among Black women was excess BMI, accounting for 56% of the racial difference (independent of education, poverty, diet, and alcohol), followed by CKD (24%), poverty (17%), and poor diet (12%) (see Table 1).Table 1.Indirect (mediation) effects of potential mediators, using sequential mediation analysis, for the association between Black race and odds of gout in US women and men.WOMENMENEffect Estimate (OR), 95% CIProportion Mediated, %Effect Estimate (OR), 95% CIProportion Mediated, %Indirect (Mediation) EffectEducation (high school or less)1.01 (0.98 to 1.03)2.4%1.01 (0.98 to 1.03)3.3%Poverty1.07 (1.04 to 1.10)16.9%1.00 (0.99 to 1.00)0.53%Alcohol consumption (# drinks/week, continuous)0.99 (0.96 to 1.01)-3.4%0.99 (0.98 to 1.00)-4.5%DASH diet score (continuous; higher scores = ↓ adherence)1.05 (0.96 to 1.01)12.0%1.05 (1.01 to 1.10)19.8%Body mass index (continuous)1.25 (1.14 to 1.37)55.9%1.03 (1.02 to 1.04)11.9%Diuretic use1.03 (1.01 to 1.05)7.6%1.04 (1.02 to 1.06)14.2%Chronic kidney disease1.10 (1.04 to 1.16)23.9%1.12 (1.08 to 1.17)45.6%Direct Effect0.94 (0.68 to 1.30)a−15.2%1.02 (0.83 to 1.26)b9.2%Total Effect1.49 (1.12 to 1.98)100%1.29 (1.05 to 1.57)100%DASH=Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension;ap=0.52,bp=0.83Among men, CKD was the largest mediator (46%), followed by poor diet (20%) and diuretic use (14%). BMI (12%) and poverty (0.5%) mediated smaller proportions of the racial difference among men compared to women. Mediators of racial differences in hyperuricemia closely agreed with gout results.ConclusionContrasting with historical views, gout is more frequent among Black adults in the US than their White counterparts, especially women (two-times greater in Black women vs. White). Culturally informed efforts to reduce these disparities should focus on excess adiposity, diet quality, and kidney disease while recognising the impact of poverty in female gout.References[1]Xia; PMID 31624843[2]PMID 24335384[3]Rai BMJ PMID 28487277[4]Yokose JAMA IM (2022)[5]VanderWeele; PMID 25580377[6]NEJM PMID 34554658[7]JASN PMID 34556489Disclosure of InterestsNatalie McCormick: None declared, Leo Lu: None declared, Chio Yokose: None declared, Amit Joshi: None declared, Tony Merriman: None declared, Kenneth Saag Consultant of: Arthrosi, Atom Bioscience, Horizon Therapeutics, LG Pharma, Mallinkrodt, SOBI, Takeda, Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics, SOBI, Shanton, Yuqing Zhang: None declared, Hyon Choi Consultant of: Ironwood, Selecta, Horizon, Takeda, Kowa, and Vaxart.Grant/research support from: Ironwood, Horizon
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Fan, Hsien-Yu, Yen-Tsung Huang, Rong-Hong Hsieh, Jane C.-J. Chao, Yi-Ching Tung, Yungling L. Lee, and Yang-Ching Chen. "Birthweight, time-varying adiposity growth and early menarche in girls: A Mendelian randomisation and mediation analysis." Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 12, no. 5 (September 2018): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2018.07.008.
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Liu, Jialiang, Kimberly Fulda, and Meng-Hua Tao. "The Mediating Role of Total Fruit and Vegetables Intake in the Association Between Acculturation and Obesity in Hispanic Adults from NHANES 2009–2016." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_069.
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Abstract Objectives As Hispanic immigrants to the U.S. become acculturated, they are experiencing many adverse health outcomes such as obesity. However, the association between social determinants and obesity has not been well investigated. This study aimed at examining the association between acculturation and obesity, and whether the association was mediated by the intake of fruit and vegetables in Hispanic adults in the U.S. Methods Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) between 2009–2016, the study included 5197 Hispanic adults aged ≥20 years. Obesity status was measured by waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). According to participants’ responses to the country of birth, length of stay in the U.S., and language spoken at home, a composite score was calculated to measure acculturation, ranging from 2 to 14 points. The mediators including total intake of fruit, and vegetables were obtained from 24-hour dietary recalls. Multi-variable adjusted logistic structural equation model with bootstrapping method was applied for mediation analysis in overall study population, as well as in subpopulations stratified by gender, ethnicity origin, and poverty income ratio (PIR). All analyses were adjusted for sampling weights to account for the complex sampling design. Results During 2009–2016, 80.1% and 61.5% of Hispanic adults were overweight/obese and central obese, respectively. Acculturation was not significantly associated with obesity measured by BMI but was associated with increased odds of central obesity. Mediation analysis found that total fruit intake fully mediated the association between acculturation and central obesity in Hispanic adults, particularly in Hispanic males. Total vegetables intake was not a mediator in the association between acculturation and central obesity. Conclusions Our findings suggested that increasing fruit consumption may reduce the impact of acculturation on central obesity in Hispanic adults. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Funding Sources NIMHD.
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Lai, I.-Ju, Li-Chun Chang, Chia-Kuei Lee, and Li-Ling Liao. "Nutrition Literacy Mediates the Relationships between Multi-Level Factors and College Students’ Healthy Eating Behavior: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103451.
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College students experience new pressures and choices as they transition to independent living and can easily develop unhealthy eating habits, resulting in obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases in later life. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that nutrition literacy (NL) mediated the relationship between multi-level factors influencing healthy eating behavior identified from the social-ecological model and healthy eating behavior of college students. A four-part questionnaire was completed by 412 participants recruited from six different four-year universities in Taiwan (effective response rate = 85.8%). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent samples t-test, hierarchical multiple regression, and mediation analysis. The results indicated that the students’ mean nutrition literacy score was 4.32 (SD = 0.78, range = 1–6). In the social-ecological framework, nutrition literacy significantly predicted healthy eating behavior (β = 0.28, p < 0.001; ΔF = 32.54, p < 0.001; ΔR2 = 0.05) with control variables of background, intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental, and macrosystem factors. Nutrition literacy mediated the effects of seven factors on healthy eating behavior across four levels. These findings suggested that strengthening influential multi-level factors associated with healthy eating behavior not only enhanced NL, but also improved individuals’ healthy eating behavior.
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Zhang, Qi, Lamichhane Rajan, and Joanne Guthrie. "Prenatal Perception of WIC Breastfeeding Recommendation Affects First Month Postpartum Breastfeeding Outcomes." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_183.
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Abstract Objectives Promoting breastfeeding (BF) is a priority of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Pregnant WIC participants may differ in their perception of WIC recommendations, some believing WIC recommends BF only while others believe WIC recommends BF and formula equally. We examine the relationship between prenatal perceptions and BF outcomes at one month postpartum. Methods We use the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 (ITFPS-2), a longitudinal study of WIC mother-infant dyads, with 2649 mothers providing prenatal and 1-month interviews. Binary BF outcomes were created, including BF initiation, food first fed after birth, BF in the first hour, food first fed after hospital discharge, and current feeding in the first month. We compared BF outcomes for the two perception groups (BF only recommended vs. BF and formula recommended), using logistic regression and controlling for socio-demographic factors. The mechanism was explored via mediation analyses, using prenatal infant feeding intent (IFI) as the mediator. Analyses accounted for survey design effects. Results Of the pregnant mothers, 41.3% (±1.1%) perceived that WIC recommends BF only, and 58.7% (±1.1%) perceived that WIC recommends BF and formula equally. The “recommend BF only” group had consistently better BF outcomes than the other group: BF initiation: 89.1% vs. 81.4%; BF first fed after birth: 70.4% vs. 59.9%; Breastfed in the first hour: 62.9% vs. 55.8%; First breastfed after leaving hospital: 48.3% vs. 35.1%; Current BF feeding: 37.7% vs. 28.3% (All Ps < 0.001). Perceiving WIC recommends BF only significantly predicted higher odds of all BF outcomes [Odds Ratios (OR) varied from 1.4 to 1.6, all significant at 0.01 level]. IFI was significantly associated with perception of WIC BF recommendation (P < 0.001). After controlling for IFI, perceived WIC recommendation only significantly predicted BF first in the first hour and BF first after leaving hospital (P < 0.05). Conclusions Prenatal perception of WIC BF recommendations significantly predicts BF outcomes in the first month postpartum. Mediation analysis suggests perception may affect BF intention and then affect BF outcomes. Funding Sources The ITFPS-2 was funded by the Food and Nutrition Service, USDA. Study supported by the Economic Research Service, USDA, Agreement 58–4000-8–0038-R.
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Chen, Chen, Zhonghai Lu, Dongfeng Zhang, and Suyun Li. "The Mediation Role of the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Relationship between Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Cognitive Functions among Older Adults in the United States." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030578.
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Background: Previous studies showed lutein and zeaxanthin (L and Z) may influence cognitive function by different mechanisms. Our study aimed to be the first to examine whether the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mediated the possible association between the dietary intake of L and Z and cognitive function. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of participants aged 60 years or over in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate the association between the dietary intake of L and Z and cognitive function, and structural equation modeling tested the mediation effect. Results: The fatty liver index for the United States population (US FLI) acted as a mediator in the association between the higher intake of L and Z and the Animal Fluency Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and composite score and mediated 13.89%, 17.87%, and 13.79% of the total association in dietary L and Z intake (14.29%, 13.68%, and 10.34% of the total association in total L and Z intake), respectively. Conclusion: Our study indicated the potential role of the risk of NAFLD as a mediator of associations between the dietary intake of L and Z and cognitive function in the geriatric American population.
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Faurot, Keturah, Mark Horowitz, Christopher Ramsden, John Mann, and Daisy Zamora. "Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Sleep and Stress Among Adults With Migraine: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac066.004.
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Abstract Objectives To determine whether dietary interventions that reduce headache also improve sleep and stress in adults with migraine. Methods We conducted a 16-week, three arm, parallel group, randomized, modified double blind, controlled trial in North Carolina. Participants were 182 adults (88% women, mean age 38y) with migraines on 5–20 days per month. The 3 diets were designed with EPA, DHA, and linoleic acid altered as controlled variables: H3 diet (n = 61)—increase EPA + DHA to 1.5 g/day and maintain linoleic acid at around 7% of energy; H3L6 diet (n = 61)—increase n-3 EPA + DHA to 1.5 g/day and decrease linoleic acid to ≤ 1.8% of energy; control diet (n = 60)—maintain EPA + DHA at <150 mg/day and linoleic acid at around 7% of energy. Sleep quality, stress rating, and the number of headache hours per day were pre-specified endpoints assessed daily with an electronic diary. Sleep quality was rated on a 1–4 scale, with higher score indicating better quality. Stress was rated on a 0–10 scale, with higher score indicating more stress. Longitudinal mixed models were used to estimate between-group differences at end of study. Mediation analyses examining headache hours as a mediator (paramed command in Stata 17) controlled for baseline BMI, age, sex, headache hours, and baseline values of the respective outcome. Results At baseline, mean sleep quality was 2.5 (SD 0.5) and stress rating was 3.0 (SD 1.6). In intention-to-treat analyses, the H3L6 group significantly increased sleep quality and reduced stress level relative to the control group (difference 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.3; −0.6, −0.9 to −0.3, respectively). There was a similar trend in the H3 vs. control group, although only statistically significant for increased sleep quality (0.1, 0.02 to 0.2) but not for reduced stress rating (−0.3, −0.6 to 0.02). In mediation analyses, the reduction in headache hours per day explained ∼60% of the effect of the combined interventions on sleep quality (natural indirect effect = 0.09, p = 0.006). For stress, the reduction in headache hours per day explained ∼45% of the effect of the combined interventions (natural indirect effect = −0.14, p = 0.078). Conclusions The H3L6 intervention improved sleep quality and decreased stress. Findings suggest that these improvements occurred partially as a result of headache reduction. Funding Sources NCCIH.
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O’Sullivan, Aifric, Nick Fitzpatrick, and Orla Doyle. "Effects of early intervention on dietary intake and its mediating role on cognitive functioning: a randomised controlled trial." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 1 (July 25, 2016): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001877.
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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of an early intervention programme, Preparing for Life, on dietary intake between 12 and 36 months of age, and the mediating role played by diet on cognitive functioning.DesignA randomised controlled trial evaluation of a community-based home visiting programme. The intervention involved biweekly visits from mentors from pregnancy until age 5 years and parent training at age 2 years. Dietary intake was assessed at 12, 18, 24 and 36 months using an FFQ to calculate the proportion meeting dietary recommendations. Cognitive functioning was measured at 24 and 36 months. Treatment effects were estimated using conventionalχ2tests, permutation testing, inverse probability weighting and the stepdown procedure. Mediation analysis examined the indirect effect of the intervention on cognitive functioning via its effect on dietary intake.SettingSocio-economically disadvantaged communities in Dublin, Republic of Ireland.SubjectsPregnant women (n233) were assigned to the intervention (n115) or control (n118) group using an unconditional probability randomisation strategy.ResultsPositive treatment effects were observed for meeting dietary recommendations for protein foods at 24 (OR=2·52) and 36 (OR=2·42) months, and all food groups at 24 (OR=3·92) months. There were no effects on grain, dairy, fruit and vegetable, or fatty/sugary food recommendations in most models. The conventional and more novel methods yielded similar results. Mediation analysis indicated that 13 % of the intervention’s effect on cognitive functioning was mediated by 36-month protein food consumption.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates some potential to alter early childhood dietary patterns through community-based intervention programmes.
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De Cocker, Katrien, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Megan Teychenne, Sarah McNaughton, and Jo Salmon. "Educational inequalities in TV viewing among older adults: a mediation analysis of ecological factors." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 10, no. 1 (2013): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-138.
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Kim, Ui-Jeong, Eun-Jeong Choi, Hyunjin Park, Hye-Ah Lee, Bomi Park, Haesoon Kim, Youngsun Hong, Seungyoun Jung, and Hyesook Park. "The Mediating Effect of Inflammation between the Dietary and Health-Related Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescence." Nutrients 14, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14112339.
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Chronic diseases develop via complex pathways, depending on the degree of exposure to risk factors from early in life and childhood onward. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors, including genetic factors, inappropriate diet, and insufficient physical activity. This study classified health-related behavior classes in childhood and adolescents and analyzed the direct and indirect effects of each class on the metabolic risk in inflammation-mediated pathways. We identified the health-related lifestyle classes based on health-related behavior indicators in subjects aged 3–15 years who participated in the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort Study by using a latent class analysis. A mediation analysis was performed to access the direct and indirect effects of each class on the continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS), with the inflammatory index used as a mediating factor. Subjects were classified into inactive and positive lifestyle classes according to their characteristics. In the inactive lifestyle class, interleukin (IL)-6 and cMetS had a significant association. The study confirmed that IL-6 exerts a significant indirect effect between inactive lifestyle and cMetS. This result supports previous studies. Since the health behaviors of children and adolescents can affect the likelihood of subsequent metabolic syndrome, appropriate health behavior interventions for this period are needed.
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Delaney, Katherine M., Ronnie Guillet, Robert E. Fleming, Yuan Ru, Eva K. Pressman, Francoise Vermeylen, Elizabeta Nemeth, and Kimberly O. O'Brien. "Umbilical Cord Serum Ferritin Concentration is Inversely Associated with Umbilical Cord Hemoglobin in Neonates Born to Adolescents Carrying Singletons and Women Carrying Multiples." Journal of Nutrition 149, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy286.
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ABSTRACT Background It has been proposed that the fetus prioritizes iron for hemoglobin production over delivery to tissues. However, few studies have evaluated the interrelations between hemoglobin and multiple iron status biomarkers in umbilical cord blood. A full understanding is needed of how these parameters influence each other within cord blood to fully interpret iron and hematologic status at birth. Objectives We evaluated the determinants of neonatal hemoglobin and assessed the interrelations between hemoglobin, serum iron status indicators, and serum iron regulatory hormones in healthy neonates. Methods This was an observational study that assessed umbilical cord hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), erythropoietin (EPO), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), serum iron, hepcidin, vitamin B-12, folate, IL-6, and CRP measured in 234 neonates born to adolescents or to women carrying multiples. Correlations between these indicators were evaluated and mediation models consistent with the observed significant determinants of cord Hb concentrations were developed. Results A highly significant inverse association was found between cord SF and Hb concentrations that was not attributable to neonatal or maternal inflammation (as measured by IL-6 and CRP). The inverse association was present in the combined cohort, as well as in the adolescent and multiples cohorts independently. Mediation analyses found that EPO and hepcidin had significant indirect effects on cord Hb, associations that are explicable by mediation through SF and sTfR. Conclusion In contrast to observations made in older infants, a highly significant inverse association between Hb and SF, as well positive associations between Hb and both sTfR and EPO, were observed in umbilical cord blood from neonates born to adolescents or women carrying multiples. These findings, combined with review of the published literature, indicate a need for analysis of the relations between multiple parameters to assess iron and hematologic status at birth. These clinical trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01582802 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01582802) and NCT01019902 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01019902)
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Palaniswamy, Saranya, Dipender Gill, N. Maneka De Silva, Estelle Lowry, Jari Jokelainen, Toni Karhu, Shivaprakash J. Mutt, et al. "Could vitamin D reduce obesity-associated inflammation? Observational and Mendelian randomization study." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 1036–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa056.
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ABSTRACT Background Obesity is associated with inflammation but the role of vitamin D in this process is not clear. Objectives We aimed to assess the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], BMI, and 16 inflammatory biomarkers, and to assess the role of vitamin D as a potential mediator in the association between higher BMI and inflammation. Methods Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) 31-y data on 3586 individuals were analyzed to examine the observational associations between BMI, 25(OH)D, and 16 inflammatory biomarkers. Multivariable regression analyses and 2-sample regression-based Mendelian randomization (MR) mediation analysis were performed to assess any role of vitamin D in mediating a causal effect of BMI on inflammatory biomarkers [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)] for which observational associations were detected. For MR, genome-wide association study summary results ranging from 5163 to 806,834 individuals were used for biomarkers, 25(OH)D, and BMI. Findings were triangulated with a literature review of vitamin D supplementation trials. Results In NFBC1966, mean BMI (kg/m2) was 24.8 (95% CI: 24.7, 25.0) and mean 25(OH)D was 50.3 nmol/L (95% CI: 49.8, 50.7 nmol/L). Inflammatory biomarkers correlated as 4 independent clusters: interleukins, adhesion molecules, acute-phase proteins, and chemokines. BMI was positively associated with 9 inflammatory biomarkers and inversely with 25(OH)D (false discovery rate < 0.05). 25(OH)D was inversely associated with sICAM-1, hs-CRP, and AGP, which were positively associated with BMI. The MR analyses showed causal association of BMI on these 3 inflammatory biomarkers. There was no observational or MR evidence that circulating 25(OH)D concentrations mediated the association between BMI and these 3 inflammatory markers. Review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) supported our findings showing no impact of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions The findings from our observational study and causal MR analyses, together with data from RCTs, do not support a beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation on obesity-related inflammation.
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Song, Xinli, Letao Chen, Senmao Zhang, Yiping Liu, Jianhui Wei, Tingting Wang, and Jiabi Qin. "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and High Triglyceride Levels Mediate the Association between Pre-Pregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Macrosomia: A Prospective Cohort Study in Central China." Nutrients 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 3347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14163347.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the link between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and risk of macrosomia is mediated by both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and high maternal triglyceride (mTG) levels. This prospective study finally included 29,415 singleton term pregnancies. The outcome of interest was macrosomia (≥4000 g). High mTG levels were denoted as values ≥90th percentile. GDM was diagnosed using a standard 75 g 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. The mediation analysis was conducted using log-binomial regression while controlling for maternal age, education, parity, gestational weight gain, gestational hypertension, smoking, drinking and infant sex. Overall, 15.9% of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM, and 4.3% were macrosomia. Mediation analysis suggested that overweight had a total effect of 0.009 (95% CI, 0.006–0.013) on macrosomia, with a direct effect of 0.008 (95% CI, 0.004–0.012) and an indirect effect of 0.001 (95% CI, 0.001–0.002), with an estimated proportion of 11.1% mediated by GDM and high mTG levels together. Furthermore, we also discovered a total effect of obesity on macrosomia of 0.038 (95% CI, 0.030–0.047), consisting of a direct effect of 0.037 (95% CI, 0.028–0.045) and an indirect effect of 0.002 (95% CI, 0.001–0.002), with an estimated proportion of 5.3% mediated by GDM and high mTG levels combined. Both GDM and high mTG levels enhanced the risk of macrosomia independently and served as significant mediators in the relationship between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and macrosomia.
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Seifu, Canaan Negash, Paul Patrick Fahey, and Evan Atlantis. "Unhealthy Diet Pattern Mediates the Disproportionate Prevalence of Obesity among Adults with Socio-Economic Disadvantage: An Australian Representative Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041363.
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The role of unhealthy dietary pattern in the association between socio-economic factors and obesity is unclear. The aim was to examine the association between socio-economic disadvantage and obesity and to assess mediation effect of unhealthy dietary pattern defined using the Mediterranean diet criteria. The data source was the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. The study sample included 7744 participants aged 18 years and over, 28% of whom had obesity. We used the Australian Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) classification system for categorizing socio-economic disadvantage; calculated the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) using standard criteria; and used measured body mass index to define obesity. We conducted a mediation analysis using log–binomial models to generate the prevalence ratio for obesity and the proportion mediated by the MDS. The most disadvantaged group was associated with higher level of obesity after controlling for covariates (1.40, 95% CI 1.25, 1.56) compared to the least disadvantaged group, and in a dose–response way for each decreasing SEIFA quintile. The relationship between socio-economic disadvantage and obesity was mediated by the MDS (4.0%, 95% CI 1.9, 8.0). Public health interventions should promote healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, to reduce obesity, especially in communities with high socio-economic disadvantage.
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Song, Xinli, Letao Chen, Senmao Zhang, Yiping Liu, Jianhui Wei, Mengting Sun, Jing Shu, Tingting Wang, and Jiabi Qin. "High Maternal Triglyceride Levels Mediate the Association between Pre-Pregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Macrosomia among Singleton Term Non-Diabetic Pregnancies: A Prospective Cohort Study in Central China." Nutrients 14, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed at examining the risk of macrosomia, in relation to maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity mediated via high maternal triglyceride (mTG) levels. In this prospective study, 24,730 singleton term non-diabetic pregnancies were finally included. Serum mTG levels were measured using fasting blood samples that were collected after 28 weeks of gestation. High mTG levels were defined as values ≥ the 90th percentile. The outcome of interest was macrosomia (≥4000 g). Log-binomial regression was used to assess the mediation path between overweight/obesity, high mTG levels, and macrosomia. The mediation analysis found a total effect of overweight on macrosomia of 0.006 (95% CI, 0.001–0.010), including a direct effect of 0.005 (95% CI, 0.001, 0.009) and indirect effect of 0.001 (95% CI, 0.000–0.001), with an estimated proportion of 11.1% mediated by high mTG levels. Additionally, we also found a total effect of obesity on macrosomia of 0.026 (95% CI, 0.018–0.036), including a direct effect of 0.025 (95% CI, 0.017–0.036) and indirect effect of 0.001 (95% CI, 0.000–0.001), with an estimated proportion of 3.8% mediated by high mTG levels. In conclusion, non-diabetic women with overweight or obesity had an increased risk of macrosomia, and this positive association was partly mediated by high mTG levels.
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Deng, Rui, Ke Lou, Siliang Zhou, Xingxiu Li, Zhiyong Zou, Jun Ma, Bin Dong, and Jie Hu. "Exploring the Associations between Single-Child Status and Childhood High Blood Pressure and the Mediation Effect of Lifestyle Behaviors." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030500.
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Background: This study aimed to assess the association between single-child status and childhood high blood pressure (HBP) and to explore the role of lifestyle behaviors in this relationship. Methods: This study used data from a cross-sectional survey of 50,691 children aged 7~18 years in China. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between single-child status and HBP, and interactions between single-child status and lifestyle behaviors were also evaluated. Mediation analysis was conducted to detect the mediation effect of lifestyle behaviors. Results: Of the participants enrolled, 67.2% were single children and 49.4% were girls. Non-single children were associated with a greater risk of HBP, especially in girls (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.03~1.19). Meat consumption and sedentary behavior mediated 58.9% of the association between single-child status and HBP (p < 0.01). When stratified by sleeping duration, non-single girls of insufficient sleep and hypersomnia showed a higher risk of HBP (p < 0.05) than single-child peers, but not in those with adequate sleep. Conclusion: Findings suggest that non-single children had an increased risk of HBP, and keeping healthy lifestyle behaviors could help to mitigate the adverse impact in non-single children.
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Suissa, Karine, Andrea Benedetti, Mélanie Henderson, Katherine Gray-Donald, and Gilles Paradis. "A mediation analysis on the relationship between dietary glycemic load, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in children." International Journal of Obesity 46, no. 4 (January 23, 2022): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00958-4.
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Lopez, Nanette V., Susan Schembre, Britni R. Belcher, Sydney O'Connor, Jaclyn P. Maher, Reout Arbel, Gayla Margolin, and Genevieve F. Dunton. "Parenting styles, food-related parenting practices, and children's healthy eating: A mediation analysis to examine relationships between parenting and child diet." Appetite 128 (September 2018): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.021.
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Wu, I.-Hsuan, Chaoyun Liang, and Ching Yin Ip. "Involvement Theory with Market Segmentation: Effect of False Functional Food Advertising on Purchase Intention." Foods 11, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11070978.
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In certain cases, people’s health can be compromised or medical treatment delayed as a result of their misplaced belief in false advertisements and purchasing of functional foods. These advertisements can be divided into three distinct types of claims: nutrition, health, and reduction in disease risk. This study analysed how, after consumers realise advertising violations, their intention to purchase functional foods with different claims are affected by the degree of consumer involvement (product, advertising, and situational involvement) and region of residence. A total of 1046 survey responses were collected for analysis. The results reveal that both product and advertising involvement influence purchase intention through the mediation of situational involvement. Residents in nonnorthern regions of Taiwan exhibited a greater effect of overall involvement on purchase intention than did those in the north. In addition, products and advertisements with health claims had a stronger effect on purchase intention than did those with nutrition and disease risk reduction claims. The results indicate that, for functional foods and advertisements with nutrition and health claims, the effects of overall involvement on nonnorthern residents’ purchase intentions were greater than those on the northern residents, but for functional foods with disease risk reduction claims, the effects were greater on the northern residents’ purchase intentions.