Статті в журналах з теми "Nutrient monitoring and management"
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1
Bugbee, Bruce. "284 Towards Efficient Nutrient Management in Recirculating Hydroponic Culture." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 491C—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.491c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is an increasing need to recirculate and reuse nutrient solutions to reduce environmental and economic costs. However, one of the weakest points in hydroponics is the lack of information on managing the nutrient solution. Many growers and research scientists dump out nutrient solutions and refill at weekly intervals. Some authors have recommended measuring the concentrations of individual nutrients in solution as a key to nutrient control and maintenance. Dumping and replacing solution is unnecessary. Monitoring ions in solution is unnecessary; in fact the rapid depletion of some nutrients often causes people to add toxic amounts of nutrients to the solution. Monitoring ions in solution is interesting, but it is not the key to effective maintenance. During the past 18 years, we have managed nutrients in closed hydroponic systems according to the principle of “mass balance,” which means that the mass of nutrients is either in solution or in the plants. We add nutrients to the solution depending on what we want the plant to take up. Plants quickly remove their daily ration of some nutrients while other nutrients accumulate in the solution. This means that the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium can be at low levels in the solution (<0.1 mM) because these nutrients are in the plant where we want them. Maintaining a high concentrations of some nutrients in the solution (especially P, K, and Mn) can result in excessive uptake that can lead to nutrient imbalances.
2
WIEGAND, PAUL, WILLIAM THACKER, JAMES PALUMBO, and MICHAEL FOSTER. "An introduction to optimizing supplemental nutrients at pulp and paper wastewater treatment plants." November 2014 13, no. 11 (December 1, 2014): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.11.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Development and maintenance of mill- and wastewater treatment system-specific programs aimed at optimizing use of supplemental nutrients for purposes of minimizing residual nutrients in treated effluents have evolved in recent years and are summarized. Suggestions for monitoring of nutrient forms in wastewaters prior to and during biological treatment are presented, as are approaches for determining supplemental nutrient requirements, monitoring biomass characteristics, and achieving minimum nitrogen and phosphorus residuals in treated final effluents while maintaining targeted levels of biological treatment. Aspects of nutrient management relevant to activated sludge (AS) and aerated stabilization basin (ASB) systems are presented, and ASB configurations operated in part to minimize nutrient levels in treated effluents are highlighted.
3
Macedo, Priscila Helena da Silva, Emily Mariano da Cruz Lopes, Mariano Vieira dos Santos de Souza Lopes, Fernando César Sala, and Claudinei Fonseca Souza. "Macronutrient cycling in hydroponic lettuce cultivation." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 17, no. 5 (October 4, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2849.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to address issues of limited resources and contamination by fertilizers, nutrient solutions may be reused in hydroponics as an alternative to their disposal in the environment. This work evaluated the feasibility of nutrient replacement for the nutrient solutions reused during lettuce hydroponic cultivation. The experiment was carried out in an agricultural greenhouse in an NFT hydroponic system using the “Milena” lettuce cultivar. The experiment was divided into two stages: 1) monitoring and data collection and proposition of nutrient replacement management; and 2) validation of the proposed replacement management. Monitoring the consumption of the crop's nutritional solution in the first stage served as the basis for the proposed nutritional replacement management. Management was validated in the second stage through the evaluation of fresh and dry mass, crop nutritional status, and the amount of the fertilizer applied in the treatments: T1 - nutrient replacement with nutrient solution reuse; and T2 - nutrient replacement without nutrient solution reuse. The fresh and dry mass data and the amount of nutrients absorbed by the plants were submitted to the t-test at 5% probability, showing no significant difference between the treatments, making it possible to conclude that the nutrient solution reuse provided nutrient replacement during the lettuce crop cultivation.
Keywords: hydroponic system, Lactuca sativa L., macronutrient rational use.
4
Sims, J. T., N. Goggin, and J. McDermott. "Nutrient management for water quality protection: integrating research into environmental policy." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 12 (June 1, 1999): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agriculture's impacts on water quality have been the focus of basic and applied research in Delaware for more than 25 years. Research has examined nutrient cycling in soils, nutrient transport from soils to water, and the environmental consequences of ground water contamination and surface water eutrophication by nutrients. Much of the research has specifically been oriented towards the development of agricultural management practices to prevent the degradation of water quality by nutrients. Other research has focused on increasing our understanding of the chemical, physical, and biological processes that control nutrient cycling and transport and improving the monitoring techniques needed to document how changing management practices affects water quality. Agencies responsible for water quality protection have sought to integrate this research into environmental policy, but have often been frustrated by the fragmented and sometimes contradictory nature of the information provided to them. This paper reviews key advances in research on nutrient management and water quality in Delaware and discusses the obstacles faced in translating research into widely accepted management practices and environmental policies.
5
Zessner, Matthias. "Monitoring, Modeling and Management of Water Quality." Water 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111523.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this special issue, we are able to present a selection of high-level contributions showing the manifold aspects of the monitoring, modeling, and management of water quality. Monitoring aspects range from cyanobacteria in water using spectrophotometry via wide-area water quality monitoring and exploiting unmanned surface vehicles, to using sentinel-2 satellites for the near-real-time evaluation of catastrophic floods. Modeling ranges from small scale approaches by deriving a Bayesian network for assessing the retention efficacy of riparian buffer zones, to national scales with a modification of the MONERIS (Modeling Nutrient Emissions in River Systems) nutrient emission model for a lowland country. Management is specifically addressed by lessons learned from the long-term management of a large (re)constructed wetland and the support of river basin management planning in the Danube River Basin.
6
Mohd. "Sensor Technologies for Precision Soil Nutrient Management and Monitoring." American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2012.43.49.
Повний текст джерела
7
Meirinawati, Hanny, and A'an Johan Wahyudi. "Deepening Knowledge of Nutrient Dynamics in Coastal Waters." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 39, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.747.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutrients are important compounds in waterbodies that regulate primary productivity and phytoplankton growth, the basis of food webs. Increased nutrient concentration has become a serious concern because it causes eutrophication and threatens the sustainability of ecosystems. Eutrophication is the process of nutrient enrichment in water bodies that affects their productivity and decreases water quality. Although information about nutrient distribution, limiting nutrients, and nutrient budgets is important for coastal water management, studies of wide-scale nutrient dynamics in Indonesian waters remain limited. To provide comprehensive data on nutrients, this review summarized the concentrations and compositions of nutrients in coastal waters, compared the limiting nutrients in various coastal waters based on the Redfield ratio, and described the factors affecting nutrient budgets using the database in ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Curation was performed to summarize the nutrient dynamics in coastal waters. Results showed that nutrient concentration differed in each region due to many factors. Anthropogenic inputs greatly affected nutrients in tropical areas, such as Jakarta Bay (Indonesia). Understanding the quality and characteristics of water can help in managing waterbodies. This study provided knowledge related to nutrient dynamics in Indonesian waters and global biogeochemistry.
8
Pace, Shannon, James M. Hood, Heather Raymond, Brigitte Moneymaker, and Steve W. Lyon. "High-Frequency Monitoring to Estimate Loads and Identify Nutrient Transport Dynamics in the Little Auglaize River, Ohio." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 16848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416848.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New technologies allow for the in situ monitoring of nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, in water systems at increasingly higher temporal frequencies. These technologies allow for the near-continuous monitoring of water quality, which can potentially provide new perspectives on temporal variations in nutrient concentrations and transport dynamics, ultimately supporting more targeted and sustainable water management. The current study investigated the utility of monitoring nitrate-N and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in situ using wet analytical chemistry for one year at 2-h intervals in a small agricultural watershed located in northwestern Ohio. While we saw large variability in the estimated nutrient loads due to daily variations in the high-temporal resolution nutrient concentrations, the nutrient loads were fundamentally driven by high-flow events for this agricultural watershed. Concentration–discharge relations were then developed to help identify how nutrients are stored and released over time scales ranging from low-flow seasonal responses to event-driven high-flow storms. The patterns in the concentration–discharge relations indicated a potential shift in the timing of the mobilization responses for SRP at the event scale over the course of the year. These results suggest that SRP-targeted management practices would need to intercept the dominant delivery pathways of phosphorus in the watershed, such as the tile drainage runoff, to help reduce phosphorus loading. For nitrate-N, patterns in the concentration–discharge relations revealed an increased mobilization response, which was seen during the growing season with low-flow conditions, indicating the potential role of biological uptake instreams across the lowest flows and concentrations of the year. Collectively, high-frequency temporal nutrient data monitored over individual events and across seasons offer guidance for management decisions while allowing us to track progress toward water quality goals.
9
Havlin, John L., Robert Austin, David Hardy, Adam Howard, and Josh L. Heitman. "Nutrient Management Effects on Wine Grape Tissue Nutrient Content." Plants 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11020158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With limited research supporting local nutrient management decisions in North Carolina grape (Vitis vinifera) production, field studies (2015–17) were conducted to evaluate late season foliar nitrogen (N) application on leaf and petiole N concentration and yeast assimilable N (YAN) in the fruit. Foliar urea (1% v/v) was applied at different rates and application times beginning pre-and post-veraison. Compared to soil applied N, late season foliar N substantially enhanced petiole N and grape YAN. Smaller split N applications were generally more effective in increasing YAN than single larger N rates. These data demonstrate the value of assessing plant N content at full bloom with petiole N analysis or remote sensing to guide foliar N management decisions. Additional field studies (2008–11) were conducted to evaluate pre-bud soil applied phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) effects on petiole P and K nutrient status. Fertilizer P and K were initially broadcast applied (0–896 kg P2O5 ha−1; 0–672 kg K2O ha−1) prior to bud-break in 2008–09 and petiole P and K at full bloom soil test P and K were monitored for three to four years after application. Soil test and petiole P and K were significantly increased with increasing P and K rates, which subsequently declined to near unfertilized levels over the sampling time depending on site and P and K rate applied. These data demonstrate the value of annually monitoring petiole P and K levels to accurately assess plant P and K status to better inform nutrient management decisions.
10
Cho, Woo-Jae, Hak-Jin Kim, Dae-Hyun Jung, Dong-Wook Kim, Tae In Ahn, and Jung-Eek Son. "On-site ion monitoring system for precision hydroponic nutrient management." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 146 (March 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.01.019.
Повний текст джерела
11
Tonderski, Andrzej, Anders Grimvall, Jan R. Dojlido, and Gerda M. Van Dijk. "Monitoring nutrient transport in large rivers." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 34, no. 3 (February 1995): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00554797.
Повний текст джерела
12
Hartz, T. K., and G. J. Hochmuth. "Fertility Management of Drip-irrigated Vegetables." HortTechnology 6, no. 3 (July 1996): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.3.168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drip irrigation provides an efficient method of fertilizer delivery virtually free of cultural constraints that characterize other production systems. Achieving maximum fertigation efficiency requires knowledge of crop nutrient requirements, soil nutrient supply, fertilizer injection technology, irrigation scheduling, and crop and soil monitoring techniques. If properly managed, fertigation through drip irrigation lines can reduce overall fertilizer application rates and minimize adverse environmental impact of vegetable production.
13
Langenfeld, Noah James, Daniel Fernandez Pinto, James E. Faust, Royal Heins, and Bruce Bugbee. "Principles of Nutrient and Water Management for Indoor Agriculture." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 10204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mass balance principles are a cornerstone of efficient fertilizer use and can be utilized to optimize plant nutrition without discarding or leaching solution. Here, we describe the maintenance of closed hydroponic and soilless substrate systems based on mass balance. Water removed by transpiration is restored with solution that replaces the nutrients that were taken up with the water. The concentration of nutrients in this refill/irrigation solution is determined by multiplying the optimal concentration of each nutrient in plant tissue by the water-use efficiency (WUE; ratio of dry mass to water transpired). Optimal leaf nutrient concentrations are well established, but WUE in controlled environments varies widely and is less well characterized. Elevated CO2 increases photosynthesis and demand for nutrients, but partially closes stomata and reduces transpiration; so high CO2 dramatically increases WUE. The concentration of the refill/irrigation solution must be adjusted to account for a two-fold range of WUE, from 3 g L−1 in ambient CO2 in lower humidity, to 6 g L−1 in elevated CO2 in higher humidity. WUE and nutrient requirements vary during the vegetative and reproductive stages of growth, and adjustment of the solution over the lifecycle can be beneficial. Measurement of solution electrical conductivity (EC) is helpful, but if the solution is appropriate, low EC usually means healthy plants and active nutrient uptake. The ammonium to nitrate ratio is critical to pH management. We have applied these principles across multiple species and environments to achieve long-term, steady-state nutrient concentrations with no discharge or leaching of solution.
14
Mahajan, Gopal Ramdas, Bappa Das, Dayesh Murgaokar, Ittai Herrmann, Katja Berger, Rabi N. Sahoo, Kiran Patel, Ashwini Desai, Shaiesh Morajkar, and Rahul M. Kulkarni. "Monitoring the Foliar Nutrients Status of Mango Using Spectroscopy-Based Spectral Indices and PLSR-Combined Machine Learning Models." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040641.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conventional methods of plant nutrient estimation for nutrient management need a huge number of leaf or tissue samples and extensive chemical analysis, which is time-consuming and expensive. Remote sensing is a viable tool to estimate the plant’s nutritional status to determine the appropriate amounts of fertilizer inputs. The aim of the study was to use remote sensing to characterize the foliar nutrient status of mango through the development of spectral indices, multivariate analysis, chemometrics, and machine learning modeling of the spectral data. A spectral database within the 350–1050 nm wavelength range of the leaf samples and leaf nutrients were analyzed for the development of spectral indices and multivariate model development. The normalized difference and ratio spectral indices and multivariate models–partial least square regression (PLSR), principal component regression, and support vector regression (SVR) were ineffective in predicting any of the leaf nutrients. An approach of using PLSR-combined machine learning models was found to be the best to predict most of the nutrients. Based on the independent validation performance and summed ranks, the best performing models were cubist (R2 ≥ 0.91, the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) ≥ 3.3, and the ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ) ≥ 3.71) for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, SVR (R2 ≥ 0.88, RPD ≥ 2.73, RPIQ ≥ 3.31) for calcium, iron, copper, boron, and elastic net (R2 ≥ 0.95, RPD ≥ 4.47, RPIQ ≥ 6.11) for magnesium and sulfur. The results of the study revealed the potential of using hyperspectral remote sensing data for non-destructive estimation of mango leaf macro- and micro-nutrients. The developed approach is suggested to be employed within operational retrieval workflows for precision management of mango orchard nutrients.
15
Mylavarapu, R. S. "Diagnostic Nutrient Testing." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recommendations made for nutrient applications have traditionally focused on economic yield and quality. However, present-day testing procedures and recommendations are required to simultaneously ensure economical and environmental sustainability of agricultural production systems. A soil test is a calibrated index relating crop response to applied nutrients. Any application rate devoid of an economical response in yield or quality is deemed unnecessary. Therefore, a soil test becomes the first step in any nutrient best management practice (BMP) development, implementation, and monitoring activity. Certain significant areas in Florida, such as calcareous soils, require development of calibrated soil tests rather urgently. Nutrient sufficiency of perennial crops and deficiency diagnostics can be gauged through in-season plant tissue testing. Nutrient delivery for correcting the deficiency through foliar sprays is not always effective, and may require multiple applications. Spectral reflectance methods show significant promise as an alternative to traditional wet chemistry analyses with regard to ease, costs, and speed with wider range of applications, including natural resources. Additional research is needed to develop this technology for field-scale applications. Current research is focusing on environmental nutrient management to include nutrient sources, application rates and timing, nutrient uptake efficiency, retention capacity of soils, estimating and minimizing nutrient losses to the environment, etc. Nutrient loss assessments tools such as the Florida phosphorus (P) index and bahia (Paspalum notatum) and citrus (Citrus spp.) tests for P are now being made possible in Florida through integration of soil and tissue testing methods. Development and improvements of such analytical methods and tools specific to Florida to include other nutrients, heavy metals, soil capacity, and ecosensitive regions, is vital to ensure sustainability to the state's tourism, agriculture, and urban-rural balance.
16
Ali, Suryati M., Jie He, Beverly P. L. Goh, and Tsai M. Sin. "Environmental correlates of Thalassia hemprichii status descriptors: an evaluation of tools for diagnostic monitoring." Botanica Marina 61, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2017-0083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAccurate evaluation of target organisms is fundamental to quantify responses to disturbances, elucidate thresholds and strengthen effective management. Threats to seagrasses in Singapore are excessive nutrients and sedimentation, leading to an evaluation of descriptor utility to detect plant response to nutrient and light availability usingThalassia hemprichiias the model species. A combination of popularly used seagrass physio-morphological descriptors and epibiont biomass were measured to assess plant response to environmental quality. Results showed convincing support for the use of leaf pigments as indicators of light availability and salinity changes. Water column nitrification and phosphorus availability had strong effects on leaf nutrient content, leaf morphology and epibiont biomass. Relationships between leaf length and light contradicted expected patterns, where shorter leaves were associated with lowered light. This may be attributable to hydrodynamic or sedimentation regimes and hence, is not a reliable indicator of light limitation. There was strong support for inclusion of epibiont biomass as part of nutrient response evaluation since this descriptor correlated strongly with water column nutrients and appeared to limit light availability to the seagrass. This study demonstrated the importance of integrating various levels of plant descriptors to reliably assess seagrass status, employing different combination of descriptors to monitor specific stressors.
17
Asraf H, Muhammad, Nooritawati Md Tahir, Nur Dalila K.A., and Aini Hussain. "An Agricultural Tele-Monitoring Method in Detecting Nutrient Deficiencies of Oil Palm Leaf." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.11 (October 2, 2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.20812.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutrient management in oil palm plantation is considered as one of the prominent issues especially for smallholder farmer. The nutrient contained in the tress has always been neglected and untreated and these may cause the trees to suffer from nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, in leveraging the oil yield at the maximum, a telemonitoring system is developed to assess and monitor the lack of nutrients for respective trees. This is done using image processing technique and artificial intelligence in detecting the nutritional deficiencies by analyzing the leaf. The categorization focused by classifying into four major types either as magnesium deficiencies, potassium deficiencies, nitrogen deficiencies or healthy that is based on the oil palm’s leaf surface. This is achieved by extracting the features namely number of red pixels, entropy and correlations. Further, two classifiers specifically support vector machine and artificial neural network is used for classification purpose along with performance measure using accuracy(ACC), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Sensitivity (SN), Specificity (SP), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) based on ten-fold cross-validation. Results attained showed that the best classifier is SVM using RBF kernel (SVM-RBF) that is capable to accurately recognize the nutrient deficiencies with 100% accuracy.
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Asraf H., Muhammad, Nooritawati Md Tahir, Nur Dalila K.A., and Aini Hussain. "An Agricultural Tele-Monitoring Method in Detecting Nutrient Deficiencies of Oil Palm Leaf." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.11 (October 2, 2018): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.21390.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutrient management in oil palm plantation is considered as one of the prominent issues especially for smallholder farmer. The nutrient contained in the tress has always been neglected and untreated and these may cause the trees to suffer from nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, in leveraging the oil yield at the maximum, a telemonitoring system is developed to assess and monitor the lack of nutrients for respective trees. This is done using image processing technique and artificial intelligence in detecting the nutritional deficiencies by analyzing the leaf. The categorization focused by classifying into four major types either as magnesium deficiencies, potassium deficiencies, nitrogen deficiencies or healthy that is based on the oil palm’s leaf surface. This is achieved by extracting the features namely number of red pixels, entropy and correlations. Further, two classifiers specifically support vector machine and artificial neural network is used for classification purpose along with performance measure using accuracy(ACC), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Sensitivity (SN), Specificity (SP), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) based on ten-fold cross-validation. Results attained showed that the best classifier is SVM using RBF kernel (SVM-RBF) that is capable to accurately recognize the nutrient deficiencies with 100% accuracy.
19
Shankar, Tanmoy, Mahua Banerjee, Ganesh Chandra Malik, Sudarshan Dutta, Debtanu Maiti, Sagar Maitra, Hesham Alharby, et al. "The Productivity and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Rice–Rice–Black Gram Cropping Sequence Are Influenced by Location Specific Nutrient Management." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063222.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutrient management is critical for rice farming because the crop is grown under diverse conditions, and in most cases, the existing nutrient management practices fail to achieve an attainable yield target. During recent years site specific nutrient management gained importance for a target yield with maximum nutrient use efficiency. Sufficient research work has not been carried out in this direction so far in the rice–rice–pulse (black gram) sequential cropping system under the red and lateritic belt of West Bengal, India. A multi-locational field experiment was conducted from July 2013 to June 2015 at three different locations, namely, Guskara (Burdwan district) and Benuriya (Birbhum district) villages in farmers’ fields and at the university farm of Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India. The performance of nutrients was tested by providing ample doses of N, P, K, S, and Zn compared to the omission of these nutrients. The growth parameters, such as crop biomass production, leaf area index, and number of tillers, and yield attributes and yield were influenced by nutrient management treatments. Application of 100% of N, P, K, S, and Zn resulted in its superiority to other nutrient management options studied, and a similar trend was also noted with the treatment in the expression of nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and nutrient response (NR). The available N, P, K, S, and Zn contents in soil increased steadily due to the increase in fertilizer application. The study concluded that optimization of NPK in the rice–rice–pulse cropping system on target yield along with need-based S and Zn application was beneficial for higher productivity.
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van Geer, Frans C., Brian Kronvang, and Hans Peter Broers. "High-resolution monitoring of nutrients in groundwater and surface waters: process understanding, quantification of loads and concentrations, and management applications." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 9 (September 7, 2016): 3619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3619-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Four sessions on "Monitoring Strategies: temporal trends in groundwater and surface water quality and quantity" at the EGU conferences in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 and a special issue of HESS form the background for this overview of the current state of high-resolution monitoring of nutrients. The overview includes a summary of technologies applied in high-frequency monitoring of nutrients in the special issue. Moreover, we present a new assessment of the objectives behind high-frequency monitoring as classified into three main groups: (i) improved understanding of the underlying hydrological, chemical, and biological processes (PU); (ii) quantification of true nutrient concentrations and loads (Q); and (iii) operational management, including evaluation of the effects of mitigation measures (M). The contributions in the special issue focus on the implementation of high-frequency monitoring within the broader context of policy making and management of water in Europe for support of EU directives such as the Water Framework Directive, the Groundwater Directive, and the Nitrates Directive. The overview presented enabled us to highlight the typical objectives encountered in the application of high-frequency monitoring and to reflect on future developments and research needs in this growing field of expertise.
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Sutardi, Kristamtini, Heni Purwaningsih, Setyorini Widyayanti, Forita Dyah Arianti, Miranti Dian Pertiwi, Joko Triastono, et al. "Nutrient Management of Shallot Farming in Sandy Loam Soil in Tegalrejo, Gunungkidul, Indonesia." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 11862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141911862.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The serious problems of sandy soils for crop development are low water-holding capacity, nutrient retention, and low content of all nutrients. The objective of the study was to increase the nutrient content of sandy soil and evaluate nutrient types that mostly affect the high shallot yield with reasonable economic values. The field experiment was conducted on the upland sandy loam soil. Six treatments consisting of complete nutrients, N-, P-, K-, Mg- and S-omission tests were arranged in a randomly completed block design with four replicates. The observed parameters included soil physicochemical properties, tissue nutrient content, growth, yield, and input-output of shallot cultivation. The results showed that N, P, K, Mg and S application successfully increased shallot bulb, achieving 11.43 t ha−1 on sandy soil. The order of shallot tissue content was K > N > P~Mg > S, where the S, P, N, and Mg are limiting factors, as revealed by significantly lower relative yield (varying from 79 to 88%). The highest weight loss during storage occurred for S-omission treatment (40 to 60%), indicating insufficient S tissue is the most responsible for the quality of shallot. The complete nutrient treatment gave the highest income (7446.09 USD ha−1) with a revenue cost ratio of 2.41 compared to other treatments. The tolerance limit for price reductions that do not cause losses was 58.59%.
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Barrientos-Pérez, Ana Aurora, Maria Mercedes Castillo, Manuel Mendoza-Carranza, and Aarón Jarquín-Sánchez. "Developing nutrient criteria for the Grijalva basin, Mexico." Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental 38 (November 8, 2022): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/rica.54408.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Excess nutrient inputs are a major cause of aquatic ecosystem impairment worldwide. Increased total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations can lead to eutrophication affecting ecosystem functioning and environmental services provided by streams and rivers. Establishing numeric nutrient criteria is a strategy to reduce nutrient inputs into freshwater ecosystems. Our objective was to estimate nutrient concentrations that could be used as guides to establish nutrient criteria for TP and TN in the Grijalva basin, Mexico. We applied the frequency distribution method to water quality monitoring data for subregions (upper, middle, and lower Grijalva) and for the whole basin, considering two stream size categories. Nutrients were also compared among subregions, land uses, and stream sizes. Agriculture and urban areas showed higher nutrient concentrations than other land uses, probably due to the use of fertilizers and inputs of domestic and industrial wastewater. Higher nutrient concentrations were found in the middle Grijalva and in low-order streams. Nutrient concentrations at the 75th percentile for the reference sites were higher than those obtained at the 5th, 16.7th, and 25th percentiles for the general nutrient data, probably due to the high level of human disturbance in the Grijalva basin. Nutrient concentrations at the 25th percentile are probably too high to protect the aquatic ecosystems in the basin, while concentrations at the 5th percentile can be too restrictive for the basin. Based on our results, nutrient concentrations at the 16.7th percentile are proposed as a first approximation for nutrient criteria to protect river systems in the Grijalva basin.
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Creech, David L. "MONITORING AS AN ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR FERTIGATION MANAGEMENT." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 487b—487. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.487b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Blueberry growers are encouraged to monitor soil, leaf tissue, and irrigation water on a regular basis. Recommendations are based on soil, leaf, and water guidelines established from previous studies. A 1986-1988 blueberry field study in east Texas and Louisiana revealed the following significant associations with low vigor fields: 1) high soil pH, Ca, Mg and low Zn, 2) high leaf Na and B, and 3) high irrigation water conductivity and bicarbonates. The findings will be compared to other benchmark studies. pH, conductivity, and nutrient monitoring procedures of a large east Texas rabbiteye blueberry field are described. Careful record-keeping allows blueberry growers to fine-tune fertigation performance by altering nitrogen source and rate depending on changes in soil pH and conductivity.
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Hirae, H. H., and M. A. Nagao. "A NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR TROPICAL FRUIT AND NUT ORCHARDS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 669d—669. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.669d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monitoring the nutrient status of a crop by soil and tissue analysis is an important tool in maximizing yields and avoiding nutrient deficiencies or toxicities. A nutritional management system is presented that uses a computer database to compile periodic soil and leaf tissue analyses to assist in the development of rational fertilizer recommendations for banana and macadamia nut orchards. Database management allows the Extension Agent to organize parameters (soil type, rainfall, elevation, tree age, tree spacing, and previous fertilizer practices) used in nutritional recommendations for individual farms. Graphs depicting nutrient trends over time and comparison of nutrient levels to nutritional standards, present visual illustrations of problems and encourage grower acceptance of fertilizer recommendations. Growers are also able to see graphic responses to application of corrective fertilizers and soil amendments.
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Mukhina, Irina, Elena Rizhiya, and Tatiana Bankina. "Biochar Effect on Nutrients Availability to Barley." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.2.21854.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biochar can serve as a soil ameliorant preventing nutrient leaching. Due to its porous structure and chemical composition, it can also adsorb elements on its surface. However, various biochars have different sorption ability, and the mechanistic understanding of nutrient storage in biochar is missing. It is not clear if nutrients adsorbed by biochar will be available for plants. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate biochar efficacy in pure substrates to characterise its specific influence on plants. In this study, the sorption capacity and ability of the wood-based biochar to provide barley plants with nutrients was investigated. The sorption capacity of biochar was investigated by saturating it with Gelrigel nutrient solution. Then nutrient-enriched biochar was tested for its effect on barley growth in comparison with non-enriched biochar. The results of the sorption experiment showed that the wood-based biochar could adsorb high amounts of nutrients such as ammonium (NH4+), potassium, calcium and phosphate (PO43-), but not nitrate (NO3-). Nutrient-enriched biochar showed an ability to support 46% higher dry biomass of barley than non-enriched biochar. These results suggest a potential of nutrient-enriched biochar for recovering essential nutrients for plants.
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Yao, Bao Guo, and Zhe Feng Zhang. "Real-Time Monitoring and Automatic Control for Aerosol Cultivation of Lettuce." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The automatic monitoring and control method for aerosol cultivation of lettuce was proposed by real-time monitoring and automatic control of the cultivation environment, on-line detection and automatic control of nutrient solution, and the combination of field control and remote control, which has realized the intelligent management of aerosol cultivation of lettuce based on plant factory. The monitoring and control system of aerosol cultivation, the control model for the spray frequency of nutrient solution and the fuzzy control method for the pH value control of nutrient solution were introduced. The control system has been applied in the agricultural science and technology park, and the results show that the aerosol cultivation of lettuce has advantages over the traditional method.
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Tsoumalakou, Evangelia, Eleni Mente, Konstantinos A. Kormas, Nikolaos Katsoulas, Nikolaos Vlahos, Panagiotis Kapsis, and Efi Levizou. "Precise Monitoring of Lettuce Functional Responses to Minimal Nutrient Supplementation Identifies Aquaponic System’s Nutrient Limitations and Their Time-Course." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In aquaponics, a closed-loop system which combines fish and crop production, essential nutrients for plant growth are often at sub-optimal concentrations. The aim of the present study was to identify system limitations and thoroughly examine the integrated response of its components to minimal external inputs, notably crop’s functional parameters, fish performance, and microorganism profile. Lettuce and red tilapia were co-cultivated under only Fe and Fe with K supplementation and their performance was evaluated against the control of no nutrient addition. Photosynthesis, the photosynthetic apparatus state, and efficiency, pigments, leaf elemental composition, and antioxidant activity of lettuce were monitored throughout the growth period, along with several parameters related to water quality, fish growth, plant productivity and bacterial community composition. Nutrient deficiency in control plants severely impacted gas exchange, PSII efficiency, and chlorophyll a content, from day 14 of the experiment, causing a significant increase in dissipation energy and signs of photoinhibition. Fe+K input resulted in 50% and two-fold increase in lettuce production compared with Fe and control groups respectively. Nutrient supplementation resulted in higher specific growth rate of tilapias, but did not affect root microbiota which was distinct from the water bacterial community. Collectively, the results emphasize the importance of monitoring crop’s functional responses for identifying the system’s limitations and designing effective nutrient management to sustain the reduced environmental footprint of aquaponics.
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Johnes, Penny, Daren Gooddy, Timothy Heaton, Andrew Binley, Michael Kennedy, Paul Shand, and Hannah Prior. "Determining the Impact of Riparian Wetlands on Nutrient Cycling, Storage and Export in Permeable Agricultural Catchments." Water 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The impact of riparian wetlands on the cycling, retention and export of nutrients from land to water varies according to local environmental conditions and is poorly resolved in catchment management approaches. To determine the role a specific wetland might play in a catchment mitigation strategy, an alternative approach is needed to the high-frequency and spatially detailed monitoring programme that would otherwise be needed. Here, we present a new approach using a combination of novel and well-established geochemical, geophysical and isotope ratio methods. This combined approach was developed and tested against a 2-year high-resolution sampling programme in a lowland permeable wetland in the Lambourn catchment, UK. The monitoring programme identified multiple pathways and water sources feeding into the wetland, generating large spatial and temporal variations in nutrient cycling, retention and export behaviours within the wetland. This complexity of contributing source areas and biogeochemical functions within the wetland were effectively identified using the new toolkit approach. We propose that this technique could be used to determine the likely net source/sink function of riparian wetlands prior to their incorporation into any catchment management plan, with relatively low resource implications when compared to a full high-frequency nutrient speciation and isotope geochemistry-based monitoring approach.
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Hey, Donald L., Laura S. Urban, and Jill A. Kostel. "Nutrient farming: The business of environmental management." Ecological Engineering 24, no. 4 (April 2005): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.11.014.
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Reuter, D. J. "Developing indicators for monitoring catchment health: the challenges." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 7 (1998): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97141.
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Summary. This paper emphasises the critical importance of achieving environmentally healthy and productive catchments in Australia. This widely held societal goal requires an understanding of landscape processes and predictions of how they might impact spatially on regional land, water and vegetation resources. Such knowledge would assist the development of more sustainable property and catchment plans. Current developments in the application of indicators for assessing and monitoring catchment health are briefly described, together with the emerging challenges facing their wider adoption by land managers, the resource stewards of rural Australia. These imposing challenges include: developing a core set of nationally accepted catchment health indicators; meeting the requirement for spatially dense data at reasonable cost; developing and testing new environmental indicators related to on-farm nutrient management and the potential for nutrients to leak off-site; and quantitative estimates of soil biological health.
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Beegle, D. B., O. T. Carton, and J. S. Bailey. "Nutrient Management Planning: Justification, Theory, Practice." Journal of Environmental Quality 29, no. 1 (January 2000): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010009x.
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Trong Hung, Dao, Harold Hughes, Markus Keck, and Daniela Sauer. "Rice-Residue Management Practices of Smallholder Farms in Vietnam and Their Effects on Nutrient Fluxes in the Soil-Plant System." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061641.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Vietnam, approximately 39 million tons of rice (Oryza sativa) residues accrue every year. In this study, we quantified soil nutrient balances of paddy rice fields under different crop-residue management practices in northern Vietnam. On twelve farms, we calculated nutrient balances for the four prevalent rice-residue management practices, i.e., (1) direct incorporation of rice residues into the soil, (2) application of rice-residue compost, (3) burning of rice residues on the field, and (4) the use of rice residues as fodder for livestock. Soils under practices (1) to (3) showed a positive nutrient balance, which indicates that soil fertility can be maintained under these practices and that the amounts of chemical fertilizers can be considerably reduced. If not, there is a risk of eutrophication in the surrounding surface waterbodies. Practice (4), in contrast, resulted in a negative nutrient balance, which indicates the need for returning nutrients to the soils. From our findings we conclude that knowledge about the effects of rice-residue management practices on nutrient cycles may help to optimize the use of fertilizers, resulting in a more sustainable form of agriculture.
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El-Fouly, M., M. Shaaban, and T. El-Khadraa. "Soil and plant nutritional status in fruit orchards in Syria." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.56.2008.3.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A study was conducted over 15 years in apple, peach, pear, citrus, grapevine and olive orchards in different locations in Syria. The study aimed at monitoring and evaluating the long-term nutrient behaviour in plants and soil in order to suggest measures for nutrient management improvement. Leaf and soil samples were collected in the years 1982, 1987, 1990 and 1997. The soils were characterized by high pH values, high CaCO 3 and low to medium organic matter contents. Due to the unfavourable soil conditions and ill-chosen fertilizer use, the nutrient balance in the plant tissues was disturbed. To correct the situation, the application of improved nutrient management practices was suggested.
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Mehling, Michael A., and Karl Upston-Hooper. "A Nutrient Quota Trading Scheme to Reduce the Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 4, no. 4 (2007): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601007x00497.
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AbstractEnvironmental policy is currently experiencing a general transition towards greater inclusion of flexible, market-based instruments. While one of the most salient manifestations of this trend, the creation of markets for tradable emissions quota, has been widely applied in the areas of air pollution and greenhouse gas regulation, it has yet to be introduced as a policy instrument for the management of watercourses. A great diversity of abatement costs for pollution of the Baltic Sea through nutrients that result in eutrophication suggests the introduction of a system of tradable quota as an attractive management tool. The following article provides a brief introduction to the challenge of nutrient accumulation in the Baltic Sea, and shows that the legislative framework currently governing its pollution does not categorically preclude the introduction of a nutrient trading scheme. A number of design issues would require clarification prior to the introduction of such a scheme, including the definition of the tradable commodity, the scope of participation, the initial allocation of quota, and monitoring and enforcement provisions. While the article concludes by affirming the fundamental viability of a nutrient trading scheme in the Baltic Sea Area, it identifies challenges in accommodating the trading scheme alongside existing emission limit values, state aid concerns, and the inclusion of states that are not Members of the European Union.
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Di, H. J., K. C. Cameron, and R. G. McLaren. "Isotopic dilution methods to determine the gross transformation rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in soil: a review of the theory, methodologies, and limitations." Soil Research 38, no. 1 (2000): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99005.
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The rates at which nutrients are released to, and removed from, the mineral nutrient pool are important in regulating the nutrient supply to plants. These nutrient transformation rates need to be taken into account when developing nutrient management strategies for economical and sustainable production. A method that is gaining popularity for determining the gross transformation rates of nutrients in the soil is the isotopic dilution technique. The technique involves labelling a soil mineral nutrient pool, e.g. NH4+, NO3−, PO43−, or SO42−, and monitoring the changes with time of the size of the labelled nutrient pool and the excess tracer abundance (atom%, if stable isotope tracer is used) or specific activity (if radioisotope is used) in the nutrient pool. Because of the complexity of the concepts and procedures involved, the method has sometimes been used incorrectly, and results misinterpreted. This paper discusses the isotopic dilution technique, including the theoretical background, the methodologies to determine the gross flux rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, and the limitations of the technique. The assumptions, conceptual models, experimental procedures, and compounding factors are discussed. Possible effects on the results by factors such as the uniformity of tracer distribution in the soil, changes in soil moisture content, substrate concentration, and aeration status, and duration of the experiment are also discussed. The influx and out-flux transformation rates derived from this technique are often contributed by several processes simultaneously, and thus cannot always be attributed to a particular nutrient transformation process. Despite the various constraints or possible compounding factors, the technique is a valuable tool that can provide important quantitative information on nutrient dynamics in the soil–plant system.
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Reetsch, Anika, Kai Schwärzel, Christina Dornack, Shadrack Stephene, and Karl-Heinz Feger. "Optimising Nutrient Cycles to Improve Food Security in Smallholder Farming Families—A Case Study from Banana-Coffee-Based Farming in the Kagera Region, NW Tanzania." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 9105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In East Africa, soil nutrient depletion and low yields jeopardise the food security of smallholder farming families and exacerbate poverty. The main reasons for the depletion of soil nutrients are overuse due to population growth, limited land, and increasing uncertainty in agricultural production caused by climate change. This study aims to analyse and optimise nutrient flows and stocks in the homegardens of smallholder banana-coffee-based farming systems in the Kagera region in NW Tanzania. The plant nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in plant-based biomass and organic farm waste are under investigation. We used data from a farm household survey (150 households) and from focus group discussions with 22 trainers who had been training about 750 farm households in sustainable land management (SLM) at a local farmer field school. In total, we identified six farm household types and calculated a nutrient balance (NB) for the homegardens of each household type. The NB was calculated for the following five management scenarios: S0: business as usual; S1: the use of 80% of the available human urine; S2: the incorporation of 0.5 t yr−1 of the herbaceous legume species Crotalaria grahamiana into the soil; S3: the production of 5 m3 yr−1 CaSa-compost (human excreta and biochar) and its application on 600 m2 land; and S4: a combination of S1, S2, and S3. The results show that the NB varies considerably depending on whether farmers have implemented the SLM training, apply nutrient-preserving manure collection and storage methods, and purchase fodder (imported nutrients), or whether they do not collect manure or do not purchase fodder. Trained farm households are more likely to have a positive NB than untrained households because they have already improved the nutrient management of their farms through the successful implementation of SLM practices. Untrained households would improve the NB in their homegardens under all management scenarios. However, the NB depends on labour-intensive manure collection and compost production, labour shortages, prolonged dry seasons, and socio-economic imbalances. As long as these constraints remain, nutrient deficiencies will not be overcome with mineral fertilisers alone, because soils have to be further enriched with organic matter first. In this paper, we also emphasise the importance of the system boundary, because only a complete NB can give an estimate of actual nutrient removal and the resulting nutrient demand (including removals by fodder and trees). Further improvements in the SLM training may be achieved by (i) measuring the current nutrient status of soils, (ii) analysing the need for the coexistence of free-range livestock on the grassland and zero-grazing in trained households, and (iii) conducting an in-depth analysis of the socio-economic differences between successful and unsuccessful households. In conclusion, if smallholder farmers were to integrate further improved SLM training and optimised nutrient management (S1 to S4), we assume that the NB would turn positive. Last but not least, the SLM training by the farmer field school may serve as a best-practice example for training and policy recommendations made by government institutions.
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Mooney, Robert J., Emily H. Stanley, William C. Rosenthal, Peter C. Esselman, Anthony D. Kendall, and Peter B. McIntyre. "Outsized nutrient contributions from small tributaries to a Great Lake." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 45 (October 26, 2020): 28175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001376117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading is one of the greatest threats to aquatic ecosystems in the Anthropocene, causing eutrophication of rivers, lakes, and marine coastlines worldwide. For lakes across the United States, eutrophication is driven largely by nonpoint nutrient sources from tributaries that drain surrounding watersheds. Decades of monitoring and regulatory efforts have paid little attention to small tributaries of large water bodies, despite their ubiquity and potential local importance. We used a snapshot of nutrient inputs from nearly all tributaries of Lake Michigan—the world’s fifth largest freshwater lake by volume—to determine how land cover and dams alter nutrient inputs across watershed sizes. Loads, concentrations, stoichiometry (N:P), and bioavailability (percentage dissolved inorganic nutrients) varied by orders of magnitude among tributaries, creating a mosaic of coastal nutrient inputs. The 6 largest of 235 tributaries accounted for ∼70% of the daily N and P delivered to Lake Michigan. However, small tributaries exhibited nutrient loads that were high for their size and biased toward dissolved inorganic forms. Higher bioavailability of nutrients from small watersheds suggests greater potential to fuel algal blooms in coastal areas, especially given the likelihood that their plumes become trapped and then overlap in the nearshore zone. Our findings reveal an underappreciated role that small streams may play in driving coastal eutrophication in large water bodies. Although they represent only a modest proportion of lake-wide loads, expanding nutrient management efforts to address smaller watersheds could reduce the ecological impacts of nutrient loading on valuable nearshore ecosystems.
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Fanjaniaina, Marie Lucia, Fabien Stark, Noelly Phostin Ramarovahoaka, Jeanny Fiononana Rakotoharinaivo, Tovonarivo Rafolisy, Paulo Salgado, and Thierry Becquer. "Nutrient Flows and Balances in Mixed Farming Systems in Madagascar." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020984.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mixed farming systems are still prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. In these systems, the recycling of nutrients through crop-livestock integration (CLI) practices is crucial for the sustainability of soil fertility and crop production. The objective of this study was to analyze nutrient (N, P, K) flows and balances of mixed farming systems to assess CLI contribution to the performance of those systems. We hypothesized that more intensive farms had a better nutrient balance at the farm level, and that improved biomass management methods improved their nutrient balance. Nine farms in the Madagascar highlands were selected, some corresponding to poor traditional farms with only draft cattle; some small or medium-sized, more intensive farms with a dairy herd; and some of the latter with some improvement to management methods of livestock effluents (manure composting, liquid manure collection). The nutrient balance of the farming systems was determined, and performance indicators were calculated at both farming, livestock, and CLI levels. Results showed that nutrient recycling through CLI is significant in the functioning of the systems studied, contributing primarily to circulating nutrient flows (up to 76%) and leading to greater efficiency and productivity. Nutrient flows resulting from these practices mainly concerned animal feeding (higher than 60% of nutrient flows), even if manure management was central for crop fertilization and that manure remained a desired animal product of these types of farms (up to 100% of animal products). Large negative balances of N and K (up to 80% of inputs) were observed in traditional livestock systems with draft cattle. They were smaller (39–68%) in more intensive dairy farms. Composting of manure did not decrease negative balances, whereas their magnitude was significantly reduced by the collection of liquid manure (19% for N; 42% for K). Better management of biomass at the farm level, in particular the collection of liquid manure, seemed to substantially reduce nutrient losses in MFS.
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Szatten, Dawid, Michał Habel, and Zygmunt Babiński. "Influence of Hydrologic Alteration on Sediment, Dissolved Load and Nutrient Downstream Transfer Continuity in a River: Example Lower Brda River Cascade Dams (Poland)." Resources 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10070070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydrologic alternation of river systems is an essential factor of human activity. Cascade-dammed waters are characterized by the disturbed outflow of material from the catchment. Changes in sediment, dissolved load and nutrient balance are among the base indicators of water resource monitoring. This research was based on the use of hydrological and water quality data (1984–2017) and the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) method to determine the influence of river regime changes on downstream transfer continuity of sediments and nutrients in the example of the Lower Brda river cascade dams (Poland). Two types of regimes were used: hydropeaking (1984–2000) and run–of–river (2001–2017). Using the IHA method and water quality data, a qualitative and quantitative relationship were demonstrated between changes of regime operation and sediment and nutrient balance. The use of sites above and below the cascade made it possible to determine sediment, dissolved load, and nutrient trapping and removing processes. Studies have shown that changes in operation regime influenced the supply chain and continuity of sediment and nutrient transport in cascade-dammed rivers. The conducted research showed that sustainable management of sediment and nutrient in the alternated catchment helps achieve good ecological status of the water.
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Ahmed, Mukhtar, Shakeel Ahmad, Fayyaz-ul-Hassan, Ghulam Qadir, Rifat Hayat, Farid Asif Shaheen, and Muhammad Ali Raza. "Innovative Processes and Technologies for Nutrient Recovery from Wastes: A Comprehensive Review." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 10, 2019): 4938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184938.
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Waste management is necessary for environmental and economic sustainability, but it depends upon socioeconomic, political, and environmental factors. More countries are shifting toward recycling as compared to landfilling; thus, different researchers have presented the zero waste concept, considering the importance of sustainability. This review was conducted to provide information about different well established and new/emerging technologies which could be used to recover nutrients from wastes and bring zero waste concepts in practical life. Technologies can be broadly divided into the triangle of nutrient accumulation, extraction, and release. Physicochemical mechanisms, plants, and microorganisms (algae and prokaryotic) could be used to accumulate nutrients. Extraction of nutrient is possible through electrodialysis and crystallization while nutrient release can occur via thermochemical and biochemical treatments. Primary nutrients, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are used globally and are non-renewable. Augmented upsurges in prices of inorganic fertilizers and required discharge restrictions on nutrients have stimulated technological developments. Thus, well-proven technologies, such as biochar, composting, vermicomposting, composting with biochar, pyrolysis, and new emerging technologies (forward osmosis and electro-dialysis) have potential to recover nutrients from wastes. Therefore, reviewing the present and imminent potential of these technologies for adaptation of nutrient recycling from wastes is of great importance. Since waste management is a significant concern all over the globe and technologies, e.g., landfill, combustion, incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification, are available to manage generated wastes, they have adverse impacts on society and on the environment. Thus, climate-friendly technologies, such as composting, biodegradation, and anaerobic decomposition, with the generation of non-biodegradable wastes need to be adopted to ensure a sustainable future environment. Furthermore, environmental impacts of technology could be quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA). Therefore, LCA could be used to evaluate the performance of different environmentally-friendly technologies in waste management and in the designing of future policies. LCA, in combination with other approaches, may prove helpful in the development of strategies and policies for the selection of dynamic products and processes.
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Cook, M. G., P. G. Hunt, K. C. Stone, and J. H. Canterberry. "Reducing diffuse pollution through implementation of agricultural best management practices: a case study." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1996): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0504.
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A system of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) was implemented on a 2,100 ha watershed in Duplin County, North Carolina, USA, for the purpose of improving water quality. The BMPs included: Nutrient, pest, and animal waste management; and soil conservation practices. Both surface and ground water were continually analyzed to assess the water quality impacts. Nutrient management plans have been developed for over 80% of the cropland. Pest management plans have been developed for over 60% of the cropland. Over one-half of all plans have been implemented. Poultry mortality composting and improved swine waste management have decreased the potential adverse effects of animal operations. A constructed wetland shows promise as a pre-treatment of swine waste prior to land application. Stream monitoring shows decreasing amounts of nitrate- and ammonium-nitrogen in the surface waters of the watershed. Ground water monitoring shows relatively high concentrations of nitrate in areas of intensive swine and poultry operations. Ground water monitoring of pesticides reveals low levels of alachlor, atrazine, and metolachlor even though large amounts of these chemicals are used on crops. The successful implementation of agricultural BMPs appears to be having a positive effect on water quality. Both stream and ground water monitoring will be continued for several years to assess more definitively the changes in water quality.
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Kardogan, Beyza, Kadir Sekercioglu, and Yusuf Çagatay Erşan. "Compatibility and Biomineralization Oriented Optimization of Nutrient Content in Nitrate-Reducing-Biogranules-Based Microbial Self-Healing Concrete." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168990.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) can be mentioned among the popular approaches to develop a self-healing concrete. The production of dissolved inorganic carbon through microbial activity is the main precursor for MICP in concrete and it is limited by the bioavailability of the nutrients. When nutrients are added to the mortar as admixtures, their bioavailability becomes more significant for crack repair because nutrients disperse in the mortar and considerable fraction stays far from a single crack. Therefore, the determination of bioavailability of nutrients and its variation with the initial nutrient content and crack age is essential to optimize a recipe for bacteria-based self-healing concrete. This study presents the optimum nutrient content defined for nitrate-reduction-based self-healing bioconcrete. In the tests, calcium nitrate (CN) and calcium formate (CF) were combined with a CF:CN w/w ratio of 2.50. Mortar properties and bioavailability of nutrients were analysed at different nutrient doses. Moreover, the bioavailability of nutrients at different crack ages changing between 3 and 56 days was monitored. Finally, resuscitation, microbial activity and the MICP performance of nitrate reducing biogranules were tested at defined nutrient bioavailabilties. The optimum nutrient content was determined as 7.00% (CF 5.00% and CN 2.00%). The leaching rates of formate ions were twice the leaching rate of the nitrate ions at similar initial concentrations, which led to a bioavailable HCOO−/NO3-N ratio of 23 g/g in cracked mortar. Under optimum nutrient conditions, the CaCO3 precipitation yield of nitrate reducing biogranules was recorded as 1.5 g CaCO3/g HCOO− which corresponded to 68% C precipitation efficiency.
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Pace, Michael L., Ryan D. Batt, Cal D. Buelo, Stephen R. Carpenter, Jonathan J. Cole, Jason T. Kurtzweil, and Grace M. Wilkinson. "Reversal of a cyanobacterial bloom in response to early warnings." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612424114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Directional change in environmental drivers sometimes triggers regime shifts in ecosystems. Theory and experiments suggest that regime shifts can be detected in advance, and perhaps averted, by monitoring resilience indicators such as variance and autocorrelation of key ecosystem variables. However, it is uncertain whether management action prompted by a change in resilience indicators can prevent an impending regime shift. We caused a cyanobacterial bloom by gradually enriching an experimental lake while monitoring an unenriched reference lake and a continuously enriched reference lake. When resilience indicators exceeded preset boundaries, nutrient enrichment was stopped in the experimental lake. Concentrations of algal pigments, dissolved oxygen saturation, and pH rapidly declined following cessation of nutrient enrichment and became similar to the unenriched lake, whereas a large bloom occurred in the continuously enriched lake. This outcome suggests that resilience indicators may be useful in management to prevent unwanted regime shifts, at least in some situations. Nonetheless, a safer approach to ecosystem management would build and maintain the resilience of desirable ecosystem conditions, for example, by preventing excessive nutrient input to lakes and reservoirs.
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Gachimbi, L. N., H. van Keulen, E. G. Thuranira, A. M. Karuku, A. de Jager, S. Nguluu, B. M. Ikombo, J. M. Kinama, J. K. Itabari, and S. M. Nandwa. "Nutrient balances at farm level in Machakos (Kenya), using a participatory nutrient monitoring (NUTMON) approach." Land Use Policy 22, no. 1 (January 2005): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2003.07.002.
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Jones, Christopher S., and Keith E. Schilling. "Iowa Statewide Stream Nitrate Loading: 2017-2018 Update." Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 126, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17833/126-02.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In response to ongoing hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico, several states in the Mississippi River basin have adopted nutrient reduction plans in recent years designed to arrest the flow of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from both point and non-point sources to the stream network. Iowa's Nutrient Reduction Strategy, implemented in 2012, aims to reduce stream loading of these nutrients by 45% within a yet-to-be-defined time frame. Because the state has chosen to integrate accountability into the strategy through the numerical objective, ongoing water monitoring is necessary to credibly measure progress. The primary objective of this research was to use water quality monitoring and discharge data to update statewide nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) loading using the combined data sets generated by in situ water quality sensors and traditional grab sample monitoring conducted by state government. Our research shows that the 5-year running annual average of nitrate-nitrogen loading continues to increase, and after the 2018 water year is 73% higher than that calculated in 2003. Loads from Iowa areas draining to the Missouri River are increasing more rapidly than loads from areas draining to the upper Mississippi River: 132% versus 55% since 2003. This shows that best management practices designed to stem the loss of nutrients from the corn-soybean system must be widely adopted and robustly designed for extreme environmental conditions if Iowa is to meet its water quality objectives.
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Blomqvist, Anna. "How can stakeholder participation improve European watershed management: the Water Framework Directive, watercourse groups and Swedish contributions to Baltic Sea eutrophication." Water Policy 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutrient losses from agricultural land constitute an important part of the total flow of nutrients to lakes and seas in Sweden and the Baltic region. With the Water Framework Directive, to be implemented shortly throughout Europe, emphasis is increasing on the role of stakeholder participation and decentralisation of various responsibilities from authorities to groups in the civil society. This paper investigates a Swedish case where local watercourse groups (WCGs) have formed in order to be involved more actively in the efforts to reduce nutrient losses from agricultural lands. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the institutional landscape surrounding WCGs, goals, goal formulation and space of action.
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Pintér, J., and L. Somlyódy. "Optimization of Regional Water Quality Monitoring Strategies." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1987): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A conceptual framework is presented for optimizing the operation of regional monitoring networks which assist water quality management. The primary objective of the studied network is to determine the annual nutrient load carried into a lake by its tributaries. Following the description of the basic (single time–period, single water quality indicator) model, several extension possibilities and computational aspects are highlighted. The suggested methodology is illustrated by a numerical example, concerning the surveillance system on the tributaries of Lake Balaton (Hungary).
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Nichols, Rainer A., Steve Demarais, Bronson K. Strickland, and Marcus A. Lashley. "Alter fire timing to recouple forage nutrients with herbivore nutrient demands." Forest Ecology and Management 500 (November 2021): 119646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119646.
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Wade, A. J., P. G. Whitehead, H. P. Jarvie, C. Neal, H. Prior, and P. J. Johnes. "Nutrient monitoring, simulation and management within a major lowland UK river system: the Kennet." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 64, no. 3-4 (February 2004): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4754(03)00097-1.
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Dewhurst, R. J., S. M. Rutter, and A. J. Rook. "Nutritional and grazing management of the dairy cow." BSAP Occasional Publication 28 (2001): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500041005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe pre-requisites for nutritional management of dairy cows are information about how much feed is being consumed as well as the nutrients that are being derived from that feed. Studies of feed intake and nutrient supply have been limited by difficult experimental techniques, particularly with grazing animals. The models derived from much earlier work are of only general applicability and there is a need for more site-specific information in order to benefit further from conceptual advances.We have adopted a different approach to studying herbage intake and nutrient supply, using less-invasive approaches as well as techniques that monitor more accessible aspects of these processes, such as jaw movements. These techniques have a major advantage, in addition to their value as research tools, because they could translate directly into commercial applications in on-farm monitoring. The use of diagnostics and behavioural recording is well explored in relation to health monitoring; here we argue for its potential to advance the application of knowledge about grazing and nutrition. We will illustrate this approach using our experiences in measuring grazing behaviour, using IGER behaviour recorders and assessing rumen function, using a series of non-invasive techniques.The IGER grazing behaviour recorder allows us to record jaw movements and hence grazing and ruminating time and bite dynamics. It also allows the recording of steps and is now being developed to incorporate non-invasive rumen state sensors. It has made a major contribution to our understanding of the foraging strategies of grazing animals and their effect on herbage intake. This technology has the potential to be developed for on-farm monitoring of foraging behaviour providing valuable inputs to the prediction of herbage intake, in decision support systems for grazing.The introduction of concept of protein degradation and microbial synthesis in the rumen are significant advances in protein rationing schemes. However, real progress has been limited because the lack of consistent experimental results means that models have little relevance to specific farm situations. We foresee considerable opportunities to monitor products of rumen degradation and synthesis that appear in milk (e.g. odd-chain fatty acids) or breath (e.g. sulphides).Taken together these technologies open the possibilities of an entirely new approach to nutritional management of dairy cows, with site-specific recommendations based on information gathered using new sensors that are incorporated into computerised feeding equipment and milking parlours.