Дисертації: "Nutrient monitoring and management"

1

Teas, Sebastian E. "A Design for Low-Cost Nutrient Runoff Monitoring Technology." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493218785022913.

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2

Costanzo, Simon. "Development of indicators for assessing and monitoring nutrient influences in coastal waters /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16274.pdf.

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3

Miatke, Baxter G. "A Framework For Estimating Nutrient And Sediment Loads That Leverages The Temporal Variability Embedded In Water Monitoring Data." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/651.

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Rivers deliver significant macronutrients and sediments to lakes that can vary substantially throughout the year. These nutrient and sediment loadings, exacerbated by winter and spring runoff, impact aquatic ecosystem productivity and drive the formation of harmful algae blooms. The source, extent and magnitude of nutrient and sediment loading can vary drastically due to extreme weather events and hydrologic processes, such as snowmelt or high flow storm events, that dominate during a particular time period, making the temporal component (i.e., time over which the loading is estimated) critical for accurate forecasts. In this work, we developed a data-driven framework that leverages the temporal variability embedded in these complex hydrologic regimes to improve loading estimates. Identifying the "correct" time scale is an important first step for providing accurate estimates of seasonal nutrient and sediment loadings. We use water quality concentration and associated 15-minute discharge data from nine watersheds in Vermont's Lake Champlain Basin to test our proposed framework. Optimal time periods were selected using a hierarchical cluster analysis that uses the slope and intercept coefficients from individual load-discharge regressions to derive improved linear models. These optimized linear models were used to improve estimates of annual and "spring" loadings for total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, and total suspended loads for each of the nine study watersheds. The optimized annual regression model performed ~20% better on average than traditional annual regression models in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, and resulted in ~50% higher cumulative load estimates with the largest difference occurring in the "spring". In addition, the largest nutrient and sediment loadings occurred during the "spring" unit of time and were typically more than 40% of the total annual estimated load in a given year. The framework developed here is robust and may be used to analyze other units of time associated with hydrologic regimes of interest provided adequate water quality data exist. This, in turn, may be used to create more targeted and cost-effective management strategies for improved aquatic health in rivers and lakes.

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4

Weston, Johanna Nadia Jean. "Quantification of nitrate sources and sinks using a water quality network in Morro Bay Estuary, California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/634.

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Using an instrumented water quality network in Morro Bay Estuary, California from 2007 to 2010 (15 min sampling frequency), this study addressed the two objectives of constructing a nitrate budget and assessing the influence of sampling frequency on water quality parameters. These two objectives led to the submission of an original report of research (Appendix A) and a note (Appendix B) to peer-reviewed journals. The first objective was to characterize the high spatial and temporal variation in physical parameters and nitrate concentrations and to construct a nitrate budget quantifying sources and sinks of nitrate from the ocean, streams, and groundwater, as well as biological processes in the Estuary. Morro Bay Estuary was found to be a non-eutrophic system and a mean net exporter of nitrate, 327.15 t yr-1. Fifty-four percent of the nitrate export was attributed to nitrate sources and internal biological processing. Nitrate loading from streams contributed 37 % to the export of nitrate (124.01 t yr-1), while groundwater nitrate loading supplied a conservative estimate of 46 % of the exported nitrate (153.92 t yr-1), with a neap tide enhancement of the discharge. Denitrification, Zostera marina, and benthic macroalgae assimilation of nitrate were the dominant internal biological processes for removal and retention, but were only 35% of the total nitrate budget. The second objective was to investigate the impact of sampling frequency and sampling location on understanding dynamics in water quality by degrading a year time series of seven parameters from three water quality monitoring stations to sampling frequencies ranging from 15 minutes to 28 days. In Morro Bay Estuary, the semi-diurnal tidal cycle was the maximum component frequency driving the variability of temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. For these parameters, asymptotes were reached and sampling frequencies greater than six hours did not explain the additional variation in the parameters sampled. Whereas, salinity, turbidity, and nitrate concentrations lacked an asymptote, and decreased sampling frequencies led to increased estimated error. Sampling water quality parameters every 28 days can lead to mean annual difference of 30 – 140 % from 15 minute sample annual mean. We recommend sampling frequencies should be selected to oversample the tidal signal to at least hourly frequencies to capture diel cycles and episodic events that contribute significantly to understanding the variability in the estuarine physical and biological dynamics.

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5

Hargiss, Michael John. "Incorporating Adaptive Management and Translational Ecology into the North Dakota Total Maximum Daily Load Program: A Case Study of the Fordville Dam Nutrient TMDL." Master's thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/21663.

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Translational ecology and adaptive management strategies were incorporated into the Fordville Dam Nutrient Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) case study to determine if these two techniques were compatible to the North Dakota TMDL Program. A case study summary of the Fordville Dam Nutrient TMDL was discussed to provide contrast and comparison of the current TMDL program strategy and systematic improvements that could be made with the incorporation of translational ecology and adaptive management. Translational ecology is an effective way to bridge the information barrier through open communication between the stakeholders and scientists while creating a mutual learning experience. Adaptive management is beneficial to a TMDL implementation plan because it allows stakeholders and resource managers to become involved in management decisions and develop a better understanding of the ecosystem. Therefore, combining translational ecology and adaptive management would make the TMDL process more effective, through better communication and a flexible management plan.

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6

Penick, Mary Douglas. "Algal Biomass Accrual in Relation to Nutrient Availability along a Longitudinal Gradient in the Upper Green River, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/190.

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Nutrient limitation in aquatic ecosystems results from a deficiency in nitrogen or phosphorus levels relative to cellular growth needs. Nutrient limitation of freshwater systems is a function of biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors include vascular and nonvascular plant community composition. Abiotic factors include underlying bedrock and land-use activities (e.g. agriculture, septic systems). Nutrient availability directly affects growth, productivity, and community structure of primary producers. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to assess the relationship between ambient algal biomass. and in-stream nutrient levels along the longitudinal course of a river through a transition from weak to well-developed underlying karst bedrock, and (2) experimentally assess if periphyton was nitrogen or phosphorous limited between weak and well-developed karst sites. Sestonic and filamentous biomass (= chlorophyll-a) levels increased monthly along the longitudinal gradient. In contrast, periphyton biomass levels increased minimally monthly and displayed no longitudinal pattern. Nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus levels exhibited distinct longitudinal increases, whereas total phosphorous displayed minimal change and ammonia levels decreased in the downstream direction. Total nitrogen (TN) levels increased upstream but decreased sharply in the well-developed downstream karst sites. The nutrient limitation assays revealed that the highest periphyton levels were with N + P treatments at the most upstream sites. Overall, in Kentucky's Green River algal biomass accrual appears to be mainly P-limited but likely also by TN availability during late summer.

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7

Kwan, Cheuk Hung. "Biosensors for biological nutrient monitoring /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202004%20KWAN.

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8

Clare, Evan. "DECOMPOSING A WATERSHED’S NITRATE SIGNAL USING SPATIAL SAMPLING AND CONTINUOUS SENSOR DATA." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/87.

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Watershed features, physiographic setting, geology, climate, and hydrologic processes combine to produce a time-variant nutrient concentration signal at the watershed outlet. Anthropogenic influences, such as increased agricultural pressures and urbanization, have increased overall nutrient loadings delivered to the fluvial network. The impact of such increased nutrient loadings on Kentucky’s drinking water remains a potential threat to the region. By coupling spatial sampling of nitrate concentrations in surface water with contemporary nutrient and water quality sensor technology, a decomposition of the Upper South Elkhorn watershed’s nitrate signal and an estimation of source timing and loading in the watershed was completed. The goal of the project was the decomposition of the integrated nitrate signal observed at the outlet of the Upper South Elkhorn watershed into contributing runoff and groundwater sources from agricultural/pasture and urban/suburban land-uses. Decomposing the watershed’s nitrate signal yielded new knowledge learned about nitrate source, fate and transport in immature fluviokarst. This thesis discusses how mean, seasonal, and fluctuating nitrate behavior is related to soil processes, groundwater transfer, streambed removal, and event dynamics. It is expected that the decomposition of the nitrate signal will allow for the targeting of both the timing and sources for nutrient reductions in a watershed.

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9

Gedikoglu, Haluk McCann Laura. "Adoption of nutrient management practices." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6614.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Laura McCann. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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10

Kroeger, Anne-Caroline. "Monitoring and simulating nutrient removal in a constructed wetland." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18812.

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Phosphorus contamination of surface waters is a primary water quality concern in the agricultural watershed of Pike River in southern Québec. Surface waters from Walbridge creek, a tributary of the Pike River, were diverted into a small constructed wetland consisting of three basins laid out in series to evaluate nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) retention within the system. Hydraulic and nutrient loading rates to the constructed wetland were highly variable in time, with peak rates of loading occurring during runoff events in the watershed, with a mean hydraulic loading rate of 25 cm/day. The wetland retained 8.47 kg total phosphorus, which corresponded to 44 % of total phosphorus inputs (19.3 kg) and it also retained 132.5 kg nitrates, which represented 13 % of nitrate inputs (995 kg) to the wetland, over 4 years (2003-06) of seasonal (May-Nov) operation. Annual mean nutrient retention rates (1.7 g total P m-2 year-1 and 27.3 g NO3- m-2 year-1) were within the range of values reported in the literature for constructed wetlands treating agricultural runoff. This study therefore provided additional evidence supporting the use of small constructed wetlands as nutrient traps in agricultural watersheds in a moderate Canadian climate. A first generation wetland model was also developed using MATLABTM programming language to simulate phosphorus cycling in the wetland. The model was evaluated as a prediction tool of effluent particulate phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations. Much more work needs to be done to improve the accuracy of the model simulations.
Sur le plan de la qualité de l'eau, la première source de préoccupation dans le bassin agricole de la rivière aux Brochets concerne les teneurs élevées en phosphore. Une partie des eaux du ruisseau Walbridge, un tributaire de la rivière aux Brochets, a été détourné vers un marais filtrant aménagé en dérivation du ruisseau. Le marais est composé de trois bassins en série et la rétention des éléments nutritifs (azote et phosphore) été évaluée dans ce système. Les apports hydrauliques et nutritifs ont été mesurés de façon continue durant la période de croissance végétale (Mai-Nov) de 4 années (2003-06). En moyenne, l'apport hydraulique au marais filtrant était de 25 cm/jour. La rétention de phosphore total (8.47 kg) dans le système représentait 44% des apports en phosphore total (19.3 kg), tandis que la rétention de nitrates (132.5 kg) représentait 13 % des apports en nitrates (995 kg). Les taux de rétention moyens exprimés par unité de surface du système (1.7 g phosphore total m-2 année-1 et 27.4 g NO3- m-2 année-1) se comparent aux valeurs de la littérature. Cette étude apporte des données additionnelles pour faire la preuve que les marais filtrants en climat tempéré canadien ont la capacité d'assainir les cours d'eau en milieu agricole. Un modèle a aussi été développé, à l'aide du langage de programmation MATLABTM, pour simuler le cycle du phosphore dans le marais. Il reste encore beaucoup de travail à faire pour améliorer les prédictions du modèle.

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11

Simard, Guillaume. "Monitoring and simulation of nutrient transport from agricultural fields." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98799.

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In the Missisquoi Bay of Lake Champlain situated in the South of Quebec, phosphorus originating from agricultural sources has been found to be a major contributor to the deterioration of water quality. This study sought to evaluate the nutrient loads, most particularly phosphorus, exported through surface runoff and tile drainage from two agricultural fields of the Missisquoi Bay watershed. As part of the study, a phosphorus simulation model was tested on one agricultural field. The evaluation of FHANTM 2.0 assessed the model's capacity to simulate the transport of phosphorus on agricultural fields.
From the two experimental fields studied, the results showed that the mean phosphorus load exported was larger in surface runoff than in tile drainage. The mean phosphorus load exported was 1.21 kg ha-1yr -1 in surface runoff, and 0.61 kg ha-1yr-1 in tile drainage. In contrast, nitrate loads exiting the fields were larger in tile drainage than in surface runoff. Over the two year study, the mean nitrate load was 5.64 kg ha-1yr-1 in surface runoff, and 91.43 kg ha-1yr-1 in tile drainage.
FHANTM's simulation of hydrology for one field gave slightly negative coefficients of performance (CP), representing a poor capacity to simulate surface and subsurface runoff depths. The simulation of phosphorus concentrations in surface runoff showed a small range of values compared to field measurements, while simulations of phosphorus concentration in tile drainage were considered acceptable. Therefore, the overall evaluation of the FHANTM 2.0 model indicated that it had difficulty in simulating the transport of phosphorus from an agricultural field in Quebec.

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12

Ono, Eiichi. "Monitoring of nutrient solution for hydroponically grown sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279921.

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Monitoring the nutrient dynamics in the nutrient solutions of hydroponically-grown sweetpotato plants gave the following results. (1) Monitoring the concentrations of critical individual chemical species over time in the hydroponic solution would allow for optimal nutrient management: (a) While the time variation in the Electrical Conductivity (EC) level of a hydroponic solution could suggest normal nutrient uptake, nitrate uptake inhibition, or increased nitrate uptake, the time variation in EC levels could not identify which specific nutrient species were being inhibited or increased in their uptake; (b) Even when the total nitrate assimilation per plant increased over time, the specific nitrate uptake over time actually decreased significantly and correlated well with the saturation of average growth rate, justifying the addition of nitrogen in the solution to achieve optimal growth during the plant's vegetative phase; (c) Doubled-N by ammonium resulted in the significant suppression of the uptake of nitrate and potassium as well as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and boron, among others; (d) Under doubled-N by nitrate, approximately twice as much nitrate was taken up from the solution relative to the control, indicating that the uptake of nitrate was nitrate-concentration-dependent; (e) Under doubled-N by nitrate, the uptake of potassium was unaffected; and (f) Doubled-K, designed to initiate sweetpotato rooting, significantly suppressed nitrate uptake as desired and kept the potassium uptake unaffected. (2) The fairly reasonable regularity of time variation of EC level and nutrient uptake would allow for mathematical modeling, useful for biomass prediction and stress diagnostics: (a) EC modeling over time by exponential fits resulted in reasonably acceptable r-squares under doubled-N by nitrate treatment and the control condition; (b) EC changes in the standard solution provided reasonable inverse correlation with the plant's average growth rate; (c) Exponential fitting of nitrate concentrations over time resulted in reasonable r-squares both for the doubled-N by nitrate treatment and the control condition; and (d) Under the doubled-K treatment, nitrate uptake was significantly suppressed, so that the resulting variation in nitrate concentration over time deviated significantly from that for the control condition or even that for the doubled-N by nitrate treatment, indicating physiological stress for the plants.

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13

Krige, Graeme Tertius. "Nutrient management strategies for nectarine orchards." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21667.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The macro-element uptake and distribution by higher density central leader ‘Donnarine’ nectarine trees was studied through the sequential excavation of trees. A large portion, 41.5%, of the nitrogen manifested in the new growth from dormancy up to pit-hardening, originated from nitrogen reserves in the permanent structure. The permanent structure was also an important source of phosphorous reserves. Of the phosphorous in the fruit, leaves and new shoots at pit-hardening, 35.0% came from reserves in the permanent structure. Potassium did not act as an important reserve in the nectarine trees and was taken up throughout the season. From pit hardening to harvest the fruit represented the most important sink for potassium. Calcium and magnesium, like potassium, did not play significant roles as reserves in the nectarine tree and must be available for uptake from the beginning of the season for new growth and development as well as fruit quality. The micro-element uptake and distribution was also studied through the sequential excavation of the same ‘Donnarine’ nectarine trees. Little scientific data is available on this topic. Manganese and iron was found to act as important reserves in the tree with 46.2% of manganese and 59.5% of the iron found in the new growth at pithardening coming from reserves translocated from the permanent structure. Zinc and boron reserves also play a role in nectarine trees, but to a lesser extent than manganese and iron. The seasonal mineral nutrient demand of the same ‘Donnarine’ nectarine trees was determined through the sequential excavation of trees and losses and fixation was calculated. Guidelines regarding nutritional requirements per ton of fruit produced per hectare by higher density nectarine orchards are respectively 3.82kg nitrogen, 0.35kg phosphorous, 4.43kg potassium, 1.53kg calcium, 0.52kg magnesium, 32.45g sodium, 9.44g manganese, 37.46g iron, 3.24g copper, 13.95g zinc and 10.52g boron. Sodium is not commonly considered to be essential to higher plants, but was included in the trial. Nutrient solutions with four different EC (electrical conductivity) levels were applied to ‘Donnarine’ nectarine trees under pulsating drip fertigation for three periods of different lengths, before harvest. Raising the nutrient solution EC to positively affect fruit quality is a technique widely utilised in the vegetable industry. This technique did, however, not have similar positive effects on nectarine fruit grown under a pulsating drip fertigation system. Good production practices such as accurate nutrition and irrigation as well as the correct horticultural inputs should be the primary focus of producers who wish to alter or improve the fruit quality of their crop.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voedingbestuur strategieë in nektarien boorde Die makro-element opname en verspreiding deur hoër digtheid sentrale leier ‘Donnarine’ nektarien bome is bestudeer d.m.v. opeenvolgende opgrawings van volledige bome en die ontleding van monsters. ‘n Groot hoeveelheid, 41.5%, van die stikstof wat tydens pitverharding in die nuwe groei teenwoordig was, is d.m.v. translokasie vanuit die permanente struktuur van die boom afkomstig. Die permanente struktuur was ook ‘n belangrike bron van fosfaat reserwes. Teen pitverharding was 35.0% van die fosfaat in die nuwe groei afkomstig vanuit die permanente struktuur. Bevindings het getoon dat kalium nie as ‘n reserwe in die nektarien bome opgetree het nie en dié element is deur die groeiseisoen opgeneem. Vanaf pitverharding tot en met oestyd was die vrugte die sterkste setel van aanvraag vir kalium. Kalsium en magnesium het, soos in die geval van kalium, nie ‘n belangrike rol as reserwe vertolk nie. Beskikbaarheid van hierdie elemente vir opname vanaf die begin van die groeiseisoen is dus baie belangrik vir nuwe groei en ontwikkeling asook vrugkwaliteit. Die mikro-element opname en distribusie van dieselfde ‘Donnarine’ nektarien bome is ook bestudeer d.m.v. opeenvolgende opgrawings en analise van volledige bome. Min wetenskaplike literatuur oor hierdie onderwerp is beskikbaar. Bevindings het getoon dat mangaan asook yster baie belangrike reserwes in die nektarien boom is. Tydens pitverharding was 46.2% van die mangaan en 59.5% van die yster wat in die nuwe groei teenwoordig was, afkomstig vanaf reserwes uit die permanente struktuur van die boom. Verder het sink en boor ook as reserwes opgetree, maar tot ‘n mindere mate as mangaan en yster. Die seisoenale behoeftes aan minerale voeding van dieselfde ‘Donnarine’ nektarien bome is bepaal d.m.v. opeenvolgende opgrawings en analise van volledige bome asook die bepaling van verwyderingsverliese en vaslegging. Voedingsriglyne is vasgestel i.t.v. die hoeveelheid voedingstof wat per hektaar benodig word om een ton nektariens te produseer. Die riglyne is as volg: 3.82kg stikstof, 0.35kg fosfaat, 4.43kg kalium, 1.53kg kalsium, 0.52kg magnesium, 32.45g natrium, 9.44g mangaan, 37.46g yster, 3.24g koper, 13.95g sink en 10.52g boor. Natrium word nie in die algemeen as ‘n essensiële plantvoedingselement beskou nie, maar is by die berekeninge ingesluit. Voedingsoplossing met vier verskillende vlakke van EG (elektriese geleiding) is vir drie periodes van verskillende lengtes aan ‘Donnarine’ nekarien bome toegedien. Die verhoging van die EG van voedingsoplossings ten einde kwaliteit te verbeter is ‘n tegniek wat met groot suskses in die groentbedryf toegepas word. Hierdie tegniek het egter nie soortgelyke positiewe effekte op die nektarien vrugkwaliteit gehad nie. Produsente wat hul vrugkwaliteit wil verbeter behoort primêr te fokus op goeie produksiepraktyke soos akkurate voeding en besproeiing asook die korrekte tuinboukundige insette.

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14

Polu, Sai Kusuma. "Food waste management and nutrient recycling." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Food waste has become a major concern around the world in recent years. Food waste is on the rise as the world's population grows. Despite the fact that various efforts have been made to reduce food waste, they have not been totally successful. Food waste is not only a loss for humanity, but it is also a loss for the environment, society, and economy. The majority of countries are attempting to manage, recycle, and repurpose food waste. A brief summary of waste reduction in agricultural methods, food processing, manufacturing, and retail distribution is provided in this context. Food waste generated at market centres, food services such as hotels and restaurants, and households, on the other hand, will be discussed. This research issue is mostly focused on nutrient recycling and tries to explore how to minimize, reuse, and recycle food waste as well as promote sustainable food waste management. Anaerobic Digestion is a promising solution for food waste management when compared to typical disposal methods such as landfilling, incineration, and composting. Anaerobic digestion is one of the most environmentally friendly and effective methods for food waste management and nutrient synthesis. Climate change mitigation, economic benefits, and landfill diversion are all advantages of anaerobic digestion of food waste. Biogas is the end product of anaerobic digestion. Biogas is a renewable energy source that can also be converted into biofertilizer. Carbohydrates account for 11.8-74 percent of biogas. The biogas yield for mono-digestion of food waste was 0.27-0.642m3 CH4/kg, and 0.272-0.859m3 CH4/kg for co-digestion of food waste. Because of its biodegradability and high water content, food waste is a substrate that can be handled by anaerobic digestion. As a renewable energy source, anaerobic digestion may be a preferable option. The by-product biogas, which includes 50-60% methane, can be used to generate energy and the final digested sludge can be used as fertilizer.

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15

Villalobos, Gregorio. "Food Image Processing for a Semi-Automatic Nutrient Intake Monitoring System." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20698.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, obesity has reached epidemic proportions, with over 1.5 billion adults suffering from overweight reported in 2008. As obesity and overweight are major risks to human health, obesity treatment has been the focus of a large number of recent studies. Obesity treatment requires constant monitoring of the patient’s diet. The smart technologies of today’s intelligent environment can be used for the development of appropriate monitoring systems for obesity treatment. In this thesis, we propose a smart system that takes advantage of smartphones to build a platform for monitoring the caloric intake of obesity patients. The patient uses the built-in camera of the smartphone to take a picture of any food that he/she wants to eat. The system then processes the images to detect the type of food and portion size, and uses the information to estimate the number of calories in the food choice. The use of gradient calculation and color rasterization to increase the capacity of the system to recognize the edges of the objects is applied inside the application to signalize the contours of each portion and perform the analysis. As part of our application, we use the thumb of the patient inside the picture as a measurement pattern, to perform the thumb recognition, a skin color algorithm is applied to locate the thumb and measure its size in pixels; the size extracted is then used to translate the food portions into real life size over the entire image. Finally with the portions separated and the computed sizes, a set of nutritional facts are applied in order to generate the amount of calories present in the picture.

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16

Gamble, Simon. "Monitoring the nutrient inflows and outflows of a constructed urban wetland." Adelaide : Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensg191.pdf.

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17

Sprinkle, Amy Lyn. "Nutrient management on golf courses in Delaware." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.01Mb, 155 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428197.

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18

Dey, Ayanangshu. "NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN ON-SITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11052009-110323/.

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Groundwater and surface water contamination has been linked in the past to inadequate or failing on-site wastewater treatment and disposal systems. The on-site wastewater systems installed in coastal areas have more potential for inflicting this kind of environmental damage. This work studied the regulatory compliance and environmental protection of the four types of on-site wastewater disposal systems found on the Mississippi Gulf Coast; i.e., vegetative rock filter, subsurface drip irrigation, sand mound, and sprinkler systems, by statistical techniques. Compliance was also evaluated for groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells installed at four corners of a disposal field. This work eventually culminated in formulation of strategy for modifying the aerobic treatment prior to disposal to help reduce nitrogen loading on the discharging environment. Process modeling and simulations were performed to optimize conditions for biological nitrogen reduction in the treatment unit by efficient management of aeration. Two separate proposals were developed, such as either running the aerator unit in a low operating dissolved oxygen concentration or intermittent aeration mode.

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19

Castillo, García Miguel Sebastián. "Nutrient management of elephantgrass for biomass production." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024622.

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20

Liu, Yingmei. "Effective Modeling of Nutrient Losses and Nutrient Management Practices in an Agricultural and Urbanizing Watershed." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40398.

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The Lake Manassas Watershed is a 189 km2 basin located in the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, DC. Lake Manassas is a major waterbody in the watershed and serves as a drinking water source for the City of Manassas. Lake Manassas is experiencing eutrophication due to nutrient loads associated with agricultural activities and urban development in its drainage areas. Two watershed model applications using HSPF, and one receiving water quality model application using CE-QUAL-W2, were linked to simulate Lake Manassas as well as its drainage areas: the Upper Broad Run (126.21 km2) and Middle Broad Run (62.79 km2) subbasins. The calibration of the linked model was for the years 2002-05, with a validation period of 2006-07. The aspects of effective modeling of nutrient losses and nutrient management practices in the Lake Manassas watershed were investigated. The study was mainly conducted in the Upper Broad Run subbasin, which was simulated with an HSPF model. For nutrient simulation, HSPF provides two algorithms: PQUAL (simple, empirically based) and AGCHEM (detailed, process-based). This study evaluated and compared the modeling capabilities and performance of PQUAL and AGCHEM, and investigated significant inputs and parameters for their application. Integral to the study was to develop, calibrate and validate HSPF/PQUAL and HSPF/AGCHEM models in the Upper Broad Run subbasin. â One-variable-at-a-timeâ sensitivity analysis was conducted on the calibrated Upper Broad Run HSPF/PQUAL and HSPF/AGCHEM models to identify significant inputs and parameters for nutrient load generation. The sensitivity analysis results confirmed the importance of accurate meteorological inputs and flow simulation for effective nutrient modeling. OP (orthophosphate phosphorus) and NH4-N (ammonium nitrogen) loads were sensitive to PQUAL parameters describing pollutant buildup and washoff at land surface. The significant PQUAL parameter for Ox-N (oxidized nitrogen) load was groundwater nitrate concentration. For the HSPF/AGCHEM model, fertilizer application rate and time were very important for nutrient load generation. NH4-N and OP loads were sensitive to the AGCHEM parameters describing pollutant adsorption and desorption in the soil. On the other hand, plant uptake of nitrogen played an important role for Ox-N load generation. A side by side comparison was conducted on the Upper Broad Run HSPF/PQUAL and HSPF/AGCHEM models. Both PQUAL and AGCHEM provided good-to-reasonable nutrient simulation. The comparison results showed that AGCHEM performed better than PQUAL for OP simulation, but PQUAL captured temporal variations in the NH4-N and Ox-N loads better than AGCHEM. Compared to PQUAL, AGCHEM is less user-friendly, requires a lot more model input parameters and takes much more time in model development and calibration. On the other hand, use of AGCHEM affords more model capabilities, such as tracking nutrient balances and evaluating alternative nutrient management practices. This study also demonstrated the application of HSPF/AGCHEM within a linked watershed-reservoir model system in the Lake Manassas watershed. By using the outputs generated by the HSPF/AGCHEM models in the Upper Broad Run and Middle Broad Run subbasins, the Lake Manassas CE-QUAL-W2 model adequately captured water budget, temporal and spatial distribution of water quality constituents associated with summer stratification in the lake. The linked model was used to evaluate water quality benefits of implementing nutrient management plan in the watershed. The results confirmed that without the nutrient management plan OP loads would be much higher, which would lead to OP enrichment and enhanced algae growth in Lake Manassas.
Ph. D.

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21

DePrator, Francesca Victoria. "Innovation Among Nutrient Service Providers in the Midwest." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1525717706908821.

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22

Newell, Cory W. "Nutrient flow and manure management in the mink industry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49417.pdf.

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23

Wydner, Fred Preston III. "Nutritional and Management Practices to Reduce Excessive Nutrient Excretion on Dairy Farms." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9607.

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A 2-yr field study was conducted to reduce nutrient losses from Virginia dairy farms through nutritional and herd management practices. Ten collaborator herds were identified, all at state DHIA average or better for milk yield and days open. Baseline feed samples and ration information were collected for 2 mo and analyzed for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Feeds were analyzed monthly, and monthly DHIA milk yield, milk composition, milk urea N (MUN), and reproductive data were recorded. Blood and fecal samples were collected from 25 cows/herd every 3 mo to monitor P excretion and blood urea N. Nutrient balances were developed for each farm for N and P at the start of the study and following ration and management changes. Collaborator herds imported, on average, 290% more N and 320% more P onto the farm than was removed through milk, culled animals, crop sales, or manure sales. By following NRC (1989) recommendations, collaborator farms could reduce N inputs by 21% and P inputs by 45%. Minimizing P in purchased feed, purchased feeds/cow, purchased feeds/ha, and total P input could cause significant reductions in P balance for participating collaborator herds. None of the N variables tested (purchased feed, purchased feed/cow, purchased feed/ha, and total N input) provided significant reductions.
Master of Science

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24

Eastman, Mark 1982. "Field-scale nutrient transport monitoring and modeling of subsurface and naturally drained agricultural lands." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112620.

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Eutrophication impacts the quality of many surface waters worldwide. Algal blooms threaten lake water quality and in order to control their growth, understanding of nutrient transport at the field-scale is essential. In order to accomplish this, a combination of field monitoring and computer modeling with the SWAT model was undertaken.
Four sites located in the Pike River watershed of southern Quebec were instrumented to monitor nutrient losses from both clay loam and sandy loam soils under both subsurface and naturally drained conditions. Results illustrate how the presence of subsurface drainage influences phosphorus loss depending on soil texture and structure. Total phosphorus loss from the clay loam subsurface drained site was 4.0 kg ha-1, 55% greater than the naturally drained clay loam site. Total phosphorus loss from the sandy loam subsurface drained site was 1.2 kg ha-1, 14% less than the naturally drained sandy loam site. Total phosphorus losses from the subsurface drainage systems in the clay loam field and the sandy loam field were 2.3 and 0.4 kg ha-1, respectively. Particulate phosphorus was the dominant (78%) form of phosphorus loss from the subsurface drainage system at the clay loam site. This indicates that bypass flow through the soil profile in the clay loam field led to excessive total phosphorus loss.
SWAT, a watershed-scale model was calibrated with over 6 site years of data, in an attempt to simulate hydrology and pollutant transport at the field-scale. After calibration, the monthly Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency varied from 0.09 to 0.74 for total drainage; 0.04 to 0.71 for sediment loading; 0.29 to 0.48 for nitrate loads and 0.28 to 0.64 for total phosphorus loads. Overall, SWAT has shown that it has the ability to simulate long-term sediment and nutrient transport at the field-scale. This makes SWAT a valuable tool for the development and evaluation of various beneficial management practices which control sediment and nutrient loss from agricultural fields.

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25

Gorbe, Sánchez Elisa. "STUDY OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION MANAGEMENT IN SOILLESS ROSE CULTIVATION THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/6921.

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La optimización de la nutrición de los cultivos esw vital para evitar estreses y obtener altos rendimientos y calidades de los productos hortícolas. Los sistemas de cultivo sin suelo son interesantes porque permiten el manejo de los diferentes factores que afectan a la nutrición vegetal, como la composición y concentración de la solución nutritiva o la temperatura de dicha solución. En esta tesis, se ha estudiado el manejo de algunos de estos factores con la finalidad de optimizar la nutrición de plantas de rosal cultivadas para la producción de flor cortada. Este objetivo general ha sido tratado en tres capítulos. En el Capítulo 3 se expone el estudio de los factores que afectan a la absorción diaria de agua y nutrientes por las plantas de rosal. Cinco modelos de absorción mineral (nitratos, fosfatos, potasio, calcio y magnesio) y uno de absorción hídrica fueron desarrollados. El interés de estos modelos reside en la posibilidad de su aplicación en condiciones reales de producción debido a que fueron desarrollados con datos de más de un año de cultivo, y porque incluyen algunas de las prácticas más comunes en la producción de rosas para flor cortada como la renovación de tallos arqueados, el uso de malla de sombreo o la sincronización del desarrollo de los tallos florales para su cosecha en determinadas fechas. Además, otras variables independientes incluidas en los modelos fueron la concentración de la solución nutritiva, el déficit de presión de vapor, la intgegral de la radiación dentro del invernadero, la temperatura del aire y de la solución, la producción de tallos florales o factores internos desconocidos. Los modelos de absorción mineral también integraron el efecto de la absorción hídrica. El Capítulo 4 tiene como objetivo evaluar la tolerancia o sensibilidad de las plantas de rosal a la baja temperatura de la solución nutritiva mediante el estudio de su efecto sobre parámetros fisiológicos.
Gorbe Sánchez, E. (2010). STUDY OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION MANAGEMENT IN SOILLESS ROSE CULTIVATION THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/6921
Palancia

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26

Barber, Nicholas. "Sediment, nutrient and runoff management and mitigation in rural catchments." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2358.

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This Thesis is concerned with the quality of surface waters in rural catchments across northern England and the mitigation of Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture (DWPA). Runoff Attenuation Features (RAFs) are a range of soft--‐engineered DWPA transport management options, which target hydrological flow pathways for the purpose of slowing, storing and filtering water. This study demonstrates the potential of RAFs to significantly reduce losses of suspended sediment (SS), phosphorus (P) and nitrate (NO3) in agricultural runoff. To implement RAFs effectively it is vital to understand how, where and when to best target mitigation efforts. This relies on knowledge of the sediment and nutrient regime and hydrological functioning of a catchment. In response to this a stratified, synchronous grab sampling programme was implemented over two consecutive years in the upper Eden catchment (334 km2), Cumbria, covering thirteen sub--‐catchments of multiple scales. No relationship was found between sedimentutrient yield and catchment area but it was recognised that certain lowland sub--‐catchments deliver a disproportionate amount of the pollutant load, particularly SS and P, due to increased agricultural activity, and that there were large variations in flux affected by season and hydrological conditions. One particular sub--‐catchment dominated by improved grassland, Blind Beck (9 km2), exhibited both higher nutrient and SS concentrations per unit runoff and higher yields compared with any other sub--‐catchment. The Blind Beck sub--‐catchment was selected in which to implement a more detailed investigation of SS and nutrient delivery, which included event sampling. High flows (accounting for 10% of flow duration) contributed 84% of the annual SS load, 76% of the total P and 68% of the soluble reactive P, but just 32% of the NO3 load. This highlights the acute nature of the SS and P diffuse pollution problem and demonstrates the need to target storm events for effective mitigation. A number of RAFs were constructed in two established research catchments in Northumberland with a similar mixed land use to the Eden: Belford (15 ha) and Netherton (80 ha). Synchronous inlet and outlet water samples were collected during storm events. Results demonstrate that relatively small RAFs, principally sediment traps, constructed in farm ditches (<1 km2 catchment area) can reduce mean SS, TP, SRP and NO3 loads during storm events by 30--‐49%, 23--‐37%, 12--‐27% and 8--‐14%, respectively. The potential of RAFs designed to reduce DWPA in key locations and at certain scales will be proposed based on the findings of the PhD study.

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27

Smith, Craig Matthew. "An analysis of alternative soil, nutrient, and water management strategies." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10723.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agricultural Economics
Jeffery R. Williams
The two topics addressed in this dissertation are both related to surface water quality. Reservoir sedimentation and water quality trading are examined from economic and environmental perspectives. Each topic and the resulting policy implications are relevant to stakeholders at the local, state, and federal levels. Reservoir sedimentation has been recognized as a major environmental, social, and economic issue in much of the Midwestern US. There is an effort to focus public and private funds to achieve the greatest return on the investment from soil erosion and sediment reduction strategies. How can physiographical and economic relationships within the watershed be quantified in such a way to provide insights into the selection of alternative management strategies? This study focuses on answering that question by integrating a physically-based watershed model with an economic analysis of alternative sedimentation reduction strategies for the case of Tuttle Creek Lake located in northeastern Kansas. Several key finding of this study are that both physiographical and economic factors must be considered for cost-effective conservation to occur. Considering these factors and targeting BMP implementation from 8 to 23 times more cost-effective than random implementation. If targeting cannot be done effectively or if “intangible” costs of BMP implementation are too large, dredging is likely to be more cost-effective. While this research compares the cost-effectiveness of various BMP implementation approaches in Kansas with dredging, the benefits associated with each of these strategies is not addressed. While there is substantial evidence that nonpoint sources have lower nutrient reduction costs than point sources, experience with water quality trading (WQT) reveals a common theme: little or no trading activity. These outcomes suggest the presence of obstacles to trading that were not recognized in the design of existing programs. To examine the ways that various market imperfections may impact the performance of a WQT market, an agent-based model is constructed, which simulates a hypothetical point-nonpoint market. This study first presents an overview of the concepts and simulation modeling technique used and then analyzes the effects of two prominent market impediments identified in the WQT literature: information levels and trading ratios. The results imply that if market designers feel that only a limited number of trades will be consummated, creating an institution that provides accessible information about buyers’ prices is preferred to providing information about sellers’ prices. Overall, more information is always better, but it becomes less important with higher trading ratios.

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28

Norton, Elbert Randall. "Nutrient and crop management studies in irrigated cotton production systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279773.

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Increased efficiency in agricultural production is becoming increasingly important in the present economic climate. The three studies presented in this dissertation have been developed to help producers achieve a greater efficiency with respect to crop production. The first is the development of the cotton monitoring system (CMS). This software was developed as an end product to over ten years of research into cotton crop monitoring. It allows for the entry of crop growth and development data, along with other crop inputs. All growth indices are plotted against long-term baselines to indicate the crops status in relation to normal growth patterns. Other University of Arizona extension publications are available that are directed at helping the user interpret the data and how best to use it in making management decisions. The second project involves the evaluation of added nitrogen interaction (ANI) effects in irrigated cotton. This was accomplished by comparing two methods of determining nitrogen recovery efficiencies (NREs), the difference technique and the isotopic dilution technique. No differences were observed between the two methods in the first year, 1997 indicating the absence of a ANI. However in 1999, differences were observed between the two methods due to abnormally high vegetative growth experienced by the crop which resulted in increased root growth and subsequent exploration of the soil and an increased uptake of soil N. The third and final project was conducted to examine the loss of N from several different sources of irrigation water around the state of Arizona and to observe the effects of temperature on this process (25, 30, 35, and 40°C). Ammonium sulfate was added to a 350 mL volume of water from which aliquots were drawn at specific time intervals and analyzed for NH₄⁺-N. In a 24 hour period up to 90% of the added N was lost at 40°C). In general, as soluble salts increased the rate at which NH3 was volatilized also increased. The results from this study indicate the need to consider potential N losses from irrigation water when making decisions regarding N fertilizer management.

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29

Modiri, Nasser. "Monitoring and management of OSI networks." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292776.

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30

Morris, Scott Edward Washer Glenn A. "Remote health monitoring for asset management." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6556.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 19, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Glenn Washer. Includes bibliographical references.

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31

Mikkelsen, Jannick, and Larsson Anton. "Automatic monitoring of bins." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42986.

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When a pile of scrap at Stena recycling has reached the maximum height, the loader operators need to drive around the facility to check whether or not the pile has to be emptied. This causes a lot of unnecessary driving, resolving in wear to the loaders and loss of time, but mostly the unnecessary use of diesel. In this paper different sensors is evaluated and tested against each other to find a system that can measure the volume of the pile. The sensors used is IFM O3D303 and the Kinect V1 sensor. These sensors are then used with two different volume calculation software, CloudCompare and 3DF Zephyr. The goal of the project is to get a system that can get a volume with an accuracy within 2.5 % of the actual volume. If a volume can be calculated from the scrap piles, then it is also possible to know when the pile should be cleared. Since the facility is a recycling plant, there is a lot of metal dust that is gathering in the indoor part of the facility. The sensors being used, should be able to work in this environment. To do that the sensor needs to have an IP certification higher than IP 55. The distance of measuring the pile can be more than 10 m, so the sensors should also be able to handle this requirement. From the sensors a point cloud and a mesh were captured, two data formats that contain information of where every point on the object is located in a three-dimensional space. Every system needs to be calibrated to suit the specific application. The results show that, even with a basic sensor such as the Kinect V1, an accurate volume of a scrap pile could, with calibration, be calculated. However, the cheap sensor does have limits, unlike the IFM which can cope with all the requirements. This report shows how the two sensors compare to each other and how the different software, combined with the sensors, can be used to calculate a volume of a pile of scrap.

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32

Dowd, Frances S. "Municipal wastewater treatment plants' nitrogen removal response to financial incentives in Maryland and Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56479.

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As one of the largest and most productive estuaries in the United States, the Chesapeake Bay is a great economic, ecological, and cultural asset to the Mid-Atlantic region. Excess nitrogen and phosphorus discharge, however, has contributed to reduced levels of dissolved oxygen in various locations throughout the Bay. In 2010, the EPA developed a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for the entire watershed that established nutrient reduction targets to achieve Bay water quality objectives. The TMDL required states in the Chesapeake Bay watershed to create implementation plans to meet nutrient reductions. Maryland and Virginia specifically established stringent point source regulatory policies designed to meet point source reduction targets. Point source control programs created financial incentives for reducing nutrient discharge beyond regulatory requirements. This thesis will examine the extent to which Maryland and Virginia wastewater treatment plants undertake operational improvements to increase nutrient removal in response to state program incentives. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, this thesis found evidence of lowered nitrogen discharges in response to financial incentives presented by each states point source control programs at municipal wastewater treatment plants. Maryland achieves modest improvements at a subset of advanced treatment WWTPs as a result of financial incentives presented by the state's public subsidy program. Although Virginia advanced treatment plants operating within a nutrient trading program have little incentive to over-comply, there is some evidence of operational improvements at less advanced nitrogen removal plants
Master of Science

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33

Walworth, James, and David M. Kopec. "Aquatrols Surfactant Study on Turfgrass Nutrient Uptake." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216541.

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34

Butcher, Melissa Rachelle. "Diffuse Nutrient Pollution from Residential Catchments." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5194.

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Nonpoint source nutrient pollution is diffuse pollution lacking discrete origin and conveyance. This thesis synthesizes and critically reviews research on residential nitrogen and phosphorus loss to stormwater runoff and leaching. The evaluation pulls from research covering influential socio-demographic indicators, such as use of lawn maintenance services and homeowner fertilizer practices. The extent to which such social and economic factors may influence the prevalence and fate of diffuse nutrients in stormwater runoff from residential areas has not been adequately established. Understanding the source and influencing factors of diffuse nutrient pollution is important in order to effectively protect surface and groundwater resources. Research based on sampling campaigns of catchments, sampling of controlled turf systems and models of residential catchments were compiled for this review. Based on the compilation reviewed for this thesis, there are wide differences in approaches researchers have taken to attempt to quantify and understand diffuse nutrient pollution from residential and urban areas. There is not consistency in the chemical nitrogen or phosphorus species evaluated or in reported measurements (i.e. concentration vs. loading vs. yield). This review revealed several important knowledge gaps. Determination of correlation between residential system nutrient loss to the environment and social factors, demographic characteristics, local fertilizer ordinances or nutrient management education programs has not been substantiated. More exploration of nutrient leaching from different soil types and turf grass species is needed to develop a complete understanding of nutrient loss from turf grass systems. Further, other specific management practices such as leaving grass clippings on lawns has not been studied in depth for a variety of soil types and grass species. There is room for improvement in future research and additional studies are needed to guide future policy and implementation of best management practices. Based on these and other findings, I recommend a concerted effort to standardize a portion of the reporting details of future stormwater research and for reevaluation of nutrient/fertilizer education efforts.

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35

Dubeux, Júnior José Carlos B. "Management strategies to improve nutrient cycling in grazed Pensacola bahiagrass pastures." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011202.

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36

Svinurai, Walter. "Manure production and nutrient management in pasture-based dairy production systems." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/475.

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Manure production and nutrient management in pasture-based dairy production systems by Walter Svinurai The effect of dietary treatments on nutrient excretion was determined and an attempt to improving the retention of excreted nitrogen in stored manure using Aloe ferox leaf gel (AFLG) and pine bark was conducted at a pasture-based dairy farm. The animal mass-balance method was used to determine nutrient excretion by cows fed on three dietary treatments, Lolium perrene-based treatment (LP), Lolium multiforium-based treatment (LM) and Lolium perenne- Trifolium repens -based treatment (LTF). In separate experiments, slurry from dairy cows fed LM was amended with AFLG and pine bark at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and stored under anaerobic conditions for 16 days. The highest and lowest excretions of N, P and K were observed in LM and LP treatments, respectively. Increasing dietary N improved K and N retention in milk and, consequently increased milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and N excretion (P < 0.05). The concentrations of AFLG affected N and P retention in manure (P < 0.05). The highest retention in total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of the initial was 42% AFLG at 25g/l inclusion rate. Ammonium nitrogen (AMN) concentration increased significantly due to the interactive effect of AFLG inclusion rate and time. Pine bark powder significantly improved N and P retention in manure at all concentrations. The retention in TKN was higher (P < 0.05) at 25g/l pine bark powder than other concentrations. The interaction effect of inclusion rate and time increased iii AMN (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments significantly affected nutrient excretion, and AFLG and pine bark considerably improved N retention in stored slurry. Findings from the filed trial suggest the need for more attention on managing dietary nutrients in the post-rainy and cool-dry season when growth of pasture influenced choice of dietary treatments that led to high nutrient excretion. Field simulation of the additives to determine their efficacy and environmental hazards was recommended.

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37

Purvis, Peter James McKinnon. "Nutrient uptake and run-off management of container-grown woody ornamentals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43203.pdf.

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38

Ritter, Tara Eve. "Exploring the Relationship between Risk Perception and Farmer Nutrient Management Decisions." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343243182.

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39

Abbruzzese, Vito. "Using bio-manipulation to optimise nutrient management within intensive farm systems." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/86607/.

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Анотація:

Optimising the use of organic amendments, such as livestock slurry, on commercial farms represents one route through which the reliance of agricultural production on inorganic fertiliser use might be reduced. For economic, environmental and geopolitical reasons, decoupling future agricultural production from inorganic fertiliser use is desirable, particularly if increases in future demand for food at global scale are to be met sustainably. However, there remains substantial uncertainty surrounding the impacts of organic amendments on many of the key physico-chemical and microbial properties of agricultural soils. This uncertainty reduces the likelihood that land owners and land managers will adjust farming practices in order to deliver more widespread use of organic amendments to support production. In this context, the research reported in this thesis sought to understand how the management of livestock slurry within intensive grassland systems can be optimised to support production. The thesis had a particular focus on understanding how the soil microbial community mediates the input of livestock slurry, in terms of the influence of this community on the cycling and crop-availability of macronutrients within soil. The thesis first examined the impact of a biological slurry additive, SlurryBugs, on the nutrient content of livestock slurry during storage, finding positive effects of the additive particularly with respect to the total phosphorus (P), where an increase by 27% was observed compared to the control slurry treatment, and the total solids contents of slurry during storage. It was hypothesised that the SB additive may have altered the emission of phosphine (PH3) from slurry during storage. Subsequently, the impacts of slurry application, both with and without the biological additive, on soil organic matter (SOM), as well as on the nitrogen (N) and P content of grassland soils were examined, in comparison to inorganic fertiliser and control treatments. Positive effects following slurry application were observed, spanning SOM, Olsen P, mineral N and soil pH conditions. Finally, the impacts of applying slurry alongside a range of carbon (C) substrates of different quality (glucose, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), and cellulose) to a grassland soil were examined, in terms of the partitioning of C within soil as mediated by the microbial community and in terms of changes in the structure and biomass of the soil microbial community. The results revealed an increase in the soil microbial biomass, as well as a decrease in the cumulative respiration, following the application of both slurry types, alongside a carbohydrate, compared to the treatment with the carbohydrate alone, likely due to a microbial metabolic mechanism known as preferential substrate utilisation. In addition, a bacterial predominance within the soil microbial community was observed in all treatments, with increasing dominance of fungi toward the end of the 49-day incubations. This thesis also revealed that the quality of C substrates represented a major factor affecting both the extent of mineralisation and of incorporation of externally-derived C into microbial biomass. The application of 14C-glucose or 14C-G6P to soil resulted in a significantly greater incorporation of 14C into microbial biomass by 68 or 57%, respectively, compared to 41% following the 14C-cellulose application. Further, the addition of US slurry alongside 14C-glucose generated a significantly greater extent of mineralisation by 30%, compared to the treatments with AS slurry or with only 14C-glucose added with 19 and 21%, respectively. Taken together, the data reported within this thesis have potentially important implications for the way in which livestock slurry is managed as a nutrient resource on commercial farms, as well as for broader environmental concerns including the acidification of agricultural soils and the impact of agricultural soils on the global C cycle.

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40

Nazari, Saeid. "ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHED NUTRIENT LOADS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/63.

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Анотація:

Several methods have been developed for use in estimating the water quality loads associated with urban and agricultural landuses and practices. These include the use of sophisticated computer models, typically based on using pollutant loading and runoff functions, regression equations, load export coefficients (LECs), and event mean concentrations (EMCs). This research has examined the feasibility of using a simple EMC approach with the Kentucky Nutrient Model (KYNM). The thesis includes an extensive literature review of EMCs and a synthesis of recommended values for a range of typical urban and agricultural landuses. The thesis also includes an extensive literature review of potential BMPs along with a summary of the typical removal efficiencies and costs associated with each type of BMP. The research also explored the potential to use the results from multiple applications of site specific BMP models like the Source Loading and Management Model (WinSLAMM) in the development of general functional relationships that could then be used to evaluate BMP performance on a more site-specific basis. The developed EMC table and the associated BMP performance curves should provide valuable tools for use in better managing nutrient loads for urban and agricultural watersheds.

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41

Ros, Chhay. "Nutrient management of rice seedlings in the rainfed lowlands of Cambodia." Thesis, Ros, Chhay (1998) Nutrient management of rice seedlings in the rainfed lowlands of Cambodia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52539/.

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This study is concerned with low-input rainfed lowland rice cultivation systems in Cambodia where soil fertility is poor, rainfall uncertain, and fertiliser use limited. The investigation comprised a field survey and a series of experiments in the field and glasshouse. The aim was to determine whether improving vigour and/or nutrient concentration or content of rice seedlings would enhance plant growth and increase grain yield. It further aimed to determine the factors controlling these responses. A survey of 15 farms in the Phnom Penh municipality showed that farmers generally applied higher rates of fertilisers, especially cow manure, to the nurseries than to the mainfields. This lead to a greater yield, and higher nutrient concentration in seeds of plants harvested from the nursery area than for plants harvested from the non-nursery area. However, levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the soil remained low in both the nursery and the mainfield. Low levels of plant available nutrients, therefore, remained as a serious constraint to rice growth. Subsequent field and glasshouse experiments evaluated the effect of fertiliser addition to seedlings in the nursery on subsequent growth in the nursery and on final yield of plants after transplanting to the mainfield. Applying N or P fertiliser to the nurseries, increased grain yield by 10-15%, regardless of water regimes and fertiliser rates applied after transplanting. Fertiliser application to the mainfield at transplanting could not overcome the loss of yield experienced with seedlings which were not fertilised. The traditional photoperiod sensitive rice cultivar grown responded to fertiliser added to the nursery regardless of age at transplanting (4, 6, or 9 weeks after sowing). Having established that consistent responses to nursery application of N and P were obtained in the field and glasshouse experiments, the remainder of the study examined the mechanism of the response. Three main mechanisms were considered: nutrient concentration, nutrient content and seedling vigour. Nutrient concentration was tested by sowing seed with a range of P concentrations, and nutrient content by coating seeds with a range of P fertiliser. Plants grown from seeds with a high P concentration had greater shoot and root dry matter than plants grown from seeds with a low P concentration. Similarly, coating rice seed with phosphate fertiliser or soaking rice seed in a solution containing phosphate, increased shoot and root dry matter. Coating rice seed with rock phosphate fertiliser strongly increased early plant growth and had no harmful effect on seed germination percentage. The other seed treatments reduced seed germination. Thus by various means, it was possible to increase nutrient content and growth of the seedlings. However, the total content of nutrients in the seedlings at transplanting was still low compared to final nutrient uptake at harvest. It was concluded, therefore, that the main benefit of the nursery fertiliser application, and of other means of enhancing seedling growth were due to increased vigour of the seedlings after transplanting. The remaining experiments examined the hypothesis that increased vigour of transplanted seedlings was the main benefit of nursery fertiliser application. Vigour of the seedlings was altered by pruning leaves or roots or both leaves and roots. Removal of 60% of roots at transplanting depressed subsequent growth and removal of 30% of leaves strongly depressed growth. Depressing seedling vigour and nutrient content before transplanting by completely submerging seedlings for 24 h or 48 h/week for 4 weeks impaired plant growth, shoot and root dry matter, and nutrient content of the plants after transplanting. The results suggest that increasing vigour of transplanted seedlings was the main factor associated with the post-transplanting response to nursery treatments. However, the role of increasing nutrient content could not be entirely ruled out. A final experiment investigated the distribution and redistribution of 13C and 15N in rice seedlings during an 8-day post-transplanting period. The response of growth and redistribution of 13C and 15N to root pruning and leaf clipping were investigated. Redistribution of 13C to roots was unimpaired by root pruning supporting results showing that the relative growth rate of roots, and the length of new roots after transplanting was not restricted by pruning. Root pruning did however temporarily depress shoot growth after transplanting and this was associated with depressed redistribution of 15N to newly forming leaves. By contrast, leaf clipping strongly depressed new leaf growth after transplanting but only weakly impaired new root growth. In conclusion, applying fertiliser to the nursery or applying nutrients to seeds by coating or by sowing seeds with high nutrient concentrations, are possible methods to increase the vigour and nutrient content of transplanted seedlings and hence increase the growth and grain yield of the transplanted rice plants. By contrast, pruning leaves should be avoided, and care should be taken to minimise loss of roots from seedlings during pulling.

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42

Tobón, Marin Conrado. "Monitoring and modelling hydrological fluxes in support of nutrient cycling studies in Amazonian rain forest ecosystems." Wageningen, The Netherlands : Tropendos Foundation, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43455503.html.

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43

Harding, Thomas. "Low power wireless monitoring for wildlife management." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7554.

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Animal monitoring devices are deployed by the Department of Conservation (DOC) in remote areas. Currently this requires field workers to visit each device on a regular basis, which is costly and time consuming. This report details wireless technologies that would allow remote monitoring of these devices to bring about increased operational efficiency for DOC. Of particular interest is the wireless transmission of images through forested terrain. While traditionally recognised as a difficult environment for wireless communications, research undertaken has indicated transmissions at 27 MHz are capable of achieving the feat. Development of a working system is greatly reduced through the use of Slow Scan Television technology; however justification for the system requires further study into particular case studies.

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44

Frankowiak, Marcos R. "Intelligent distributed process monitoring and management system." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55913/.

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Monitoring systems represent an important tool to support efforts aimed at improving productivity and quality, reducing waste and enhancing safety in manufacturing. Modern technologies including electronic devices, communication technology, the Internet, database systems and modern computer technology represent resources that can provide flexible and cost accessible attractive and efficient solutions for the implementation of distributed and intelligent monitoring systems. A new generation of microcontrollers offer a high level of integrated devices and operate at low power, making them the ideal choice for many embedded industrial applications. However, the development of application software for microcontroller- based implementations has normally been a restrictive factor. Before this work this has resulted in most process and condition monitoring systems being PC based. This research presents an intelligent and distributed monitoring system based on microcontroller technology, specifically the PIC18C452. The system uses a flexible architecture that can be adapted to the necessities of different monitoring applications. "Monitoring Modules" that can be deployed according to the application requirements were developed. Industrial networks and Internet technologies are employed to enhance communication, therefore allowing monitoring records to be made available in a remote database. The Petri-net concept is used to represent the monitoring task in such a way as to provide independence from the system's hardware and software. Extensions to the original Petri-net theory and new modelling elements, including the acquisition of analogue signals, required to support the use of this method in a microcontroller-based environment, are presented. These enhancements represent a major contribution of this research. Finally, the benefits of the system are considered by means of three application examples a simple Press Rig to illustrate the general features and use of the system, a more complicated Assembly Process Rig to show the flexibility of the modelling approach, and finally a CNC Milling Machine tool changer is used to demonstrate the system in a real manufacturing application.

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45

Edwards, Paul Martin. "Intelligent monitoring & management of light sources." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54622/.

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A new method for the monitoring of filament lamps and low pressure discharge lamps has been developed. The new technique monitors the electrical characteristics of the lamp to provide real time analysis of the lamp's condition, without the need for additional wires or expensive light sensors. The advent of low-cost microcontrollers developed for electrical metering applications means that not only is this technique technologically practical, it is also financially viable. The deployment of this technology, particularly in the case of UV water sterilizers, would improve safety and save the significant expense and environmental impact of unnecessary replacement lamps.

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46

McNamara, Dean. "Cricket fast bowler monitoring and workload management." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2016. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/2a6fdf9ebd765b44e851349cf40d44e10ea5b693d16cdfe5a97e35de32ce9e4e/7945124/McNamara_2016_Cricket_fast_bowler_monitoring_and_workload.pdf.

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The sport of cricket is challenged by three formats of the game; each with varying workload demands. The most recent format is T20 cricket, first played internationally in 2005. Further to this, elite performers are often required to play for upwards of four different professional teams across the year; increasing the complexities in player workload management and other sports science-related support. Fast bowlers have greater overall match-play demands than other playing positions in cricket. Wearable microtechnology for tracking external load in athletes is common practice. Despite microtechnology enabling meaningful analyses of workload beyond routinely reported metrics, little application has occurred within fast bowling. The high injury risk in fast bowlers is well established, yet the intensive demands on these athletes remain poorly understood. The overall aim of this program of research was to use scientific literature to first understand the interaction of workload, injury and performance in elite level fast bowlers and then improve the understanding of workload management using advances in wearable microtechnology. The program of research in this thesis “with publication” first generated studies identifying the problem (a systematic review). The four subsequent chapters of original research built on the review to profile the match-play and training demands of cricketers, explore the variability of wearable microtechnology outputs during fast bowling, and finally develop and quantify an innovative means to monitor and manage workload within the specific demands of fast bowling in cricket. Although monitoring acute and chronic workloads of fast bowlers remains the most ideal method for identifying preparedness and injury likelihood in fast bowlers, complexities exist that make the systematic prescription of bowling workloads difficult. The results confirmed that the external load of cricket match-play and training varied between fast bowlers and non-fast bowlers. Furthermore, external loads experienced by 26 elite performing cricketers differentially affected the neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual fatigue responses of these players. Outputs from wearable microtechnology provided adequate stability across the performance of elite fast bowlers. These outputs were comparable with routinely used measures of fast bowling performance and intensity. Algorithms linking microtechnology outputs demonstrated good sensitivity in detecting fast bowling events in elite cricketers across competition (99.5%) and training (99.0%). The specificity of detecting fast bowling events decreased in competition (74.0%) however, remained high during training (98.1%). With the ability to automatically detect fast bowling events, metrics of bowling intensity can be explored more rigorously. Outputs from the gyroscope and accelerometers in the wearable technology provided strong associations with prescribed bowling intensity. Collectively, this thesis has highlighted the challenges of applied research in cricket, and more specifically the capacity to more objectively monitor external load in cricket fast bowlers. Wearable microtechnology has the potential to advance and refine measures of bowling workload and provide a greater depth of support for cricket fast bowlers.

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47

Lassoued, Imed. "Adaptive monitoring and management of Internet traffic." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4110.

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Les mesures de trafic permettent aux opérateurs de réseaux de réaliser plusieurs applications de surveillances telles que l’ingénierie du trafic, l’approvisionnement des ressources, la gestion de réseaux, et la détection d’anomalies. Cependant, les solutions existantes présentent plusieurs problèmes, à savoir le problème de scalabilité, le problème de la détection des changements dans le trafic du réseau, et le problème de la perte d’informations significatives sur le trafic. La principale conséquence de cette tendance est un désaccord entre les solutions de surveillance existantes et les besoins croissants des applications de gestion des réseaux ; Ainsi, l’amélioration des applications de surveillance présente un défi majeur et un énorme engagement pour les grands réseaux. Ce défi devient plus difficile avec la croissance remarquable de l’infrastructure d’Internet, l’hétérogénéité des comportements des utilisateurs et l’émergence d’une large variété d’applications réseau. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons la conception d’une architecture centralisée adaptative qui fournit une visibilité sur l’ensemble du réseau grâce à un système cognitif de surveillance de son trafic. Nous considérons les exigences suivantes dans la conception de notre système de surveillance de réseaux. La première souligne le fait que les vendeurs ne veulent pas mettre en œuvre des outils d’échantillonnage sophistiqués qui donne nt de bons résultats dans certaines circonstances. Ils veulent mettre en œuvre des solutions simples et robustes qui sont bien décrites par une certaine norme (i. E. S’Flow, NetFlow). Ainsi, nous décidons de concevoir une nouvelle solution qui utilise des techniques de surveillance existantes et tente de coordonner les responsabilités entre les différents moniteurs afin d’améliorer la précision globale des mesures. La deuxième exigence stipule que le système de surveillance devrait fournir des informations générales sur l’ensemble du réseau0. Pour ce faire, nous adaptons une approche centralisée qui offre une visibilité sur l’ensemble du réseau. Notre système combine les différentes mesures locales en vue d’atteindre le compromis entre l’amélioration de la précision des résultats et le respect des contraintes de surveillance. Et la dernière exigence indique que le système de surveillance devrait régler le problème de scalabilité et respecter les contraintes de surveillance. Par conséquent, notre système repose sur un module de configuration de réseau qui fournit une solution réactive capable de détecter les changements dans les conditions du réseau et d’adapter la configuration des moniteurs à l’état du réseau. De plus, ils évitent les détails et les oscillations inutiles dans le trafic afin de garder la consommation des ressources dans les limites souhaitées. Le module de reconfiguration du réseau utilise des outils locaux de surveillance et ajuste automatiquement et périodiquement leurs taux d’échantillonnage afin de coordonner les responsabilités et répartir le travail entre les différents moniteurs
Traffic measurement allows network operators to achieve several purposes such as traffic engineering, network resources provisioning and management, accounting and anomaly detection. However, existing solutions suffer from different problems namely the problem of scalability to high speeds, the problem of detecting changes in network conditions, and the problem of missing meaningful information in the traffic. The main consequence of this trend is an inherent disagreement between existing monitoring solutions and the increasing needs of management applications. Hence, increasing monitoring capabilities presents one of the most challenging issues and an enormous undertaking in a large network. This challenge becomes increasingly difficult to meet with the remarkable growth of the Internet infrastructure, the increasing heterogeneity of user’s behaviour and the emergence of a wide variety of network applications. In this context, we present the design of an adaptive centralized architecture that provides visibility over the entire network through a net-work-wide cognitive monitoring system. We consider the following important requirements in the design of our network-wide monitoring system. The first underscores the fact that the vendors do not want to implement sophisticated sampling schemes that give good results under certain circumstances. They want to implement simple and robust solutions that are well described by some form of a standard (i. E. SFlow, NetFlow). Thus, we decide to design a new solution that deals with existing monitoring techniques and tries to coordinate responsibilities between the different monitors in order to improve the overall accuracy. The second requirement stipulates that the monitoring system should provide general information of the entire network. To do so, we adopt a centralized approach that provides visibility over the entire network. Our system investigates the different local measurements and correlates their results in order to address the trade off between accuracy and monitoring constraints. Ands the last requirement indicates that the monitoring system should address the scalability problem and respect monitoring constraints. To this end, our system relies on a network configuration module hat provides a responsive solution able to detect changes in network conditions and adapt the different sampling rates to network state. At the same time it avoids unnecessary details and oscillations in the traffic in order to keep the resulting overhead within the desired bounds. The network reconfiguration module deals with local monitoring tools and adjusts automatically and periodically sampling rates in order to coordinate responsibilities and distribute the work between the different monitors

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48

Karim, Rezaul. "Nutrient and pesticide dynamics through the vadose zone in the wet tropics, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210631/1/Rezaul_Karim_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis involves the implementation of a vadose zone monitoring system (VMS), which has not previously been installed in Australia or in the Wet Tropical environments. Using this VMS, the fluctuations of water content at various layers was found correlating with the magnitude of the rain events, plant uptake and the site lithology. It also enables the characterization of pesticide migration with respect to rainwater infiltration, sugar cane growing phase and pesticide application. The possible nutrient dynamics (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and vice versa) with respect to their application regime, local rain patterns and infiltration dynamics are also defined.

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49

Khakipoor, Banafsheh. "Applied Science for Water Quality Monitoring." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1595858677325397.

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50

Ramamurthy, Shriram Raghavendra. "Network Performance Monitoring." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339735459.

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Дисертації з теми "Nutrient monitoring and management"

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