Статті в журналах з теми "Nutrient carrier"
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1
Tomasino, Stephen F., Martin A. Hamilton, H. Chan A. Garza, M. Buen, H. Chan Myers, A. Garza, E. Gonzales, et al. "Modification to the AOAC Sporicidal Activity of Disinfectants Test (Method 966.04): Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 1373–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.5.1373.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In an effort to improve AOAC Method 966.04, the Sporicidal Activity of Disinfectants Test, selected modifications to the procedure were evaluated in a collaborative study. Method 966.04 is used to generate efficacy data to support the product registration of sporicides and sterilants. The method is a carrier-based test that provides a qualitative measure of product efficacy against spores of Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium sporogenes. The use of garden soil extract and the lack of standard procedures for the enumeration of spores and neutralization of the test chemicals have been considered problematic for many years. The proposed modifications were limited to the B. subtilis and hard surface carrier (porcelain penicylinder) components of the method. The study included the evaluation of a replacement for soil extract nutrient broth and an establishment of a minimum spore titer per carrier, both considered crucial for the improvement and utilization of the method. Additionally, an alternative hard surface material and a neutralization confirmation procedure were evaluated. To determine the equivalence of the proposed alternatives to the standard method, 3 medium/carrier combinations, (1) soil extract nutrient broth/porcelain carrier (current method), (2) nutrient agar amended with 5 g/mL manganese sulfate/porcelain carrier, and (3) nutrient agar amended with 5 g/mL manganese sulfate/stainless steel carrier were analyzed for carrier counts, HCl resistance, efficacy, quantitative efficacy, and spore wash-off. The test chemicals used in the study represent 3 chemical classes and are commercially available antimicrobial liquid products: sodium hypochlorite (bleach), glutaraldehyde, and a combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Four laboratories participated in the study. The results of the spore titer per carrier, HCl resistance, efficacy, and wash-off studies demonstrate that amended nutrient agar in conjunction with the porcelain is comparable to the current method, soil extract nutrient broth/porcelain. The nutrient agar method is simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and provides an ample supply of high quality spores. Due to the current use of porcelain carriers for testing C. sporogenes, it is advisable to retain the use of porcelain carriers until stainless steel can be evaluated as a replacement carrier material for Clostridium. The evaluation of stainless steel for Clostridium has been initiated by the Study Director. Study Director recommendations for First Action revisions are provided in a modified method.
2
Wang, Jinpeng, Huiyu Chen, Ronghui Ma, Junfei Shao, Songjun Huang, Yan Liu, Yuanmao Jiang, and Dongdong Cheng. "Novel water- and fertilizer-management strategy: Nutrient-water carrier." Journal of Cleaner Production 291 (April 2021): 125961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125961.
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Unsoed, Purwanto, YuyunYuwariah AS, Sumadi Sumadi, and Tualar Simarmata. "Viability of Trichoderma harzianum Grown on Different Carrier Formulation." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 6 (November 26, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i6.1024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The suitable carrier composition is needed to ensure the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum as inoculant of biocontrol, plant growth promotion and decomposer fungus. The research aimed to investigate formulation of carrier to enhance of Trichoderma harzianum viability was conducted from January till June 2015 in Laboratory. Testing of the compotition of carrier materials on viability of Trichoderma harzianum using a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatment compotitions of peat soil, cow manure, biocharcoal and nutrient. The observed variables were the population of Trichoderma harzianum (cfu/g) on a regular basis i.e2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after production, pH and moisture content (%) of media. The result showed that the different carrier formulations resulted number of spore varried, from 1.33 x 105cfu/g to 7.98 x 106cfu/g. The best formulation of Trichoderma harzianum was peat soil 40% + cow manure 40% + biocharcoal 10% + nutrient 10% with the maximum population count achieved 7.98 x 106cfu/g after 24 weeks of storage. Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, carrier formulation, viability, biocharcoal, nutrient..
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Shin, Hang-Sik, and Hung-Suck Park. "Enhanced Nutrient Removal in Porous Biomass Carrier Sequencing Batch Reactor (PBCSBR)." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 4-6 (February 1, 1991): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0522.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An investigation was made theoretically and experimentally on the porous biomass carrier sequencing batch reactor (PBCSBR) for enhanced nutrient removal. Biomass hold-up increased with incoming organic substrate concentration and held in attached and entrapped conditions. The behavioural patterns of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in PBCSBR were similar to the control SBR reactor. Nitrogen transformation and/or removal was simultaneous and stoichiometric and could be quantified by the stoichiomelric relationship of nitrification/denitrification based on the consumed alkalinity. Phosphorus removal increased with biomass concentration and phosphorus release. Higher biomass and favorable operation mode in PBCSBR were conducive to enhanced nutrient removal.
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Zhu, Q., W. J. Riley, J. Tang, and C. D. Koven. "Multiple soil nutrient competition between plants, microbes, and mineral surfaces: model development, parameterization, and example applications in several tropical forests." Biogeosciences 13, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-341-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Soil is a complex system where biotic (e.g., plant roots, micro-organisms) and abiotic (e.g., mineral surfaces) consumers compete for resources necessary for life (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus). This competition is ecologically significant, since it regulates the dynamics of soil nutrients and controls aboveground plant productivity. Here we develop, calibrate and test a nutrient competition model that accounts for multiple soil nutrients interacting with multiple biotic and abiotic consumers. As applied here for tropical forests, the Nutrient COMpetition model (N-COM) includes three primary soil nutrients (NH4+, NO3− and POx; representing the sum of PO43−, HPO42− and H2PO4−) and five potential competitors (plant roots, decomposing microbes, nitrifiers, denitrifiers and mineral surfaces). The competition is formulated with a quasi-steady-state chemical equilibrium approximation to account for substrate (multiple substrates share one consumer) and consumer (multiple consumers compete for one substrate) effects. N-COM successfully reproduced observed soil heterotrophic respiration, N2O emissions, free phosphorus, sorbed phosphorus and NH4+ pools at a tropical forest site (Tapajos). The overall model uncertainty was moderately well constrained. Our sensitivity analysis revealed that soil nutrient competition was primarily regulated by consumer–substrate affinity rather than environmental factors such as soil temperature or soil moisture. Our results also imply that under strong nutrient limitation, relative competitiveness depends strongly on the competitor functional traits (affinity and nutrient carrier enzyme abundance). We then applied the N-COM model to analyze field nitrogen and phosphorus perturbation experiments in two tropical forest sites (in Hawaii and Puerto Rico) not used in model development or calibration. Under soil inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus elevated conditions, the model accurately replicated the experimentally observed competition among nutrient consumers. Although we used as many observations as we could obtain, more nutrient addition experiments in tropical systems would greatly benefit model testing and calibration. In summary, the N-COM model provides an ecologically consistent representation of nutrient competition appropriate for land BGC models integrated in Earth System Models.
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NISHIMURA, Hiroshi, Ai TAKEKAWA, Yuhei INAMORI, Ryuichi SUDO, Osamu NISHIMURA, and Mitsuko ONOGI. "Efficiency of Nutrient Adsorption and Nitrification Using Ceramics Combined with Calucium-Carrier." Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment 21, no. 11 (1998): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe.21.727.
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Li, Guanhua, Xiaoxue Liu, and Lin Yuan. "Improved laccase production by Funalia trogii in absorbent fermentation with nutrient carrier." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 124, no. 4 (October 2017): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.05.002.
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Sun, Daquan, Lauren Hale, and David Crowley. "Nutrient supplementation of pinewood biochar for use as a bacterial inoculum carrier." Biology and Fertility of Soils 52, no. 4 (February 5, 2016): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-016-1093-9.
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Nayak, Shubhada, and Sharad Kale. "Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Organic Manure of Nisargruna Biogas Plant and its Applications as Carrier Materials for Biofertilizers." Current World Environment 15, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.15.3.17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theuse ofNisargruna biogas plant is an efficient approach to recycle the biodegradable wastematerials into valuable products like organic manure, methane carbon dioxide and water. In the current study, the manureobtained from five different Nisargruna biogas plants was analyzed for its characteristic properties. These properties included their chemical composition (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and macro/micro-nutrients), water holding capacity and heavy metal concentration and coliform bacteria and fungi. The results indicated the presence of a high concentration of macro- and micronutrients, and the absence of coliforms. The samples with good nutrient contents were used as a carrier material forAzotobactersp., Rhizobiumsp. and phosphate solubilizing Bacillussp. On analysis, themanurewas found to be useful as carrier for selected cultures even after six months of production, hence confirming its stability and practical application.
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Perveen, Rabia, Azhar Hussain, Allah Ditta, Abubakar Dar, Ayesha Aimen, Maqshoof Ahmad, Abed Alataway, Ahmed Z. Dewidar, and Mohamed A. Mattar. "Growth and Yield of Okra Exposed to a Consortium of Rhizobacteria with Different Organic Carriers under Controlled and Natural Field Conditions." Horticulturae 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crop yields, soil fertility, and soil quality decline due to the overuse of chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals. The damaging effects of these agrochemicals on the environment can be minimized by integration with eco-friendly approaches, i.e., biofertilizers. These eco-friendly biofertilizers containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, (PGPR) not only solubilize mineral nutrients for crop uptake but also release phytohormones for their growth improvements. The objective of this research is to use these PGPR’s capacity to promote growth in order to increase okra production. For this purpose, different organic carriers were used, i.e., Press mud, Charcoal, Biochar, Peat, and Compost for PGPR’s inoculation. Before being used as a consortium with various carrier materials, the pre-isolated and characterized PGPR strains (AN-35, ZM-27, and ZM-63) were tested for compatibility against one another. The PGPR consortium and carriers were applied in the following treatments, i.e., T0: (control), T1: PGPR, T2: Peat + PGPR, T3: Pressmud+ PGPR, T4: Compost + PGPR, T5: Charcoal + PGPR, and T6: Biochar + PGPR in the present pot and field studies. Under the pot experiment, the results depicted that all treatments showed a significant increase in okra growth, nutrient contents, and yield of okra along with increasing the microbial biomass in the soil but the treatment containing PGPR consortium with peat caused the maximum increase. Similarly, the results of the field experiment also showed a significant increase under all treatments but the maximum increase in nutrient contents, growth attributes, and yield of okra was found under the treatment containing PGPR consortium with peat (T2). Therefore, this study recommends the use of peat and studied the PGPR consortium as a suitable carrier to develop carrier-based biofertilizers for sustainable okra production.
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Engelbrecht, Steffen, Mbengamina Terence Fondengcap, Kristina Rathsack, and Marion Martienssen. "Highly efficient long-term storage of carrier-bound anammox biomass." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 8 (August 11, 2016): 1911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The anammox process is a potential alternative to the conventional nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, due to large generation times of anammox bacteria, the start-up of treatment reactors may be impeded. An efficient storage technique can handle this drawback and may be also suitable for seasonally operated treatment plants like in touristic areas. In the current study, several storage techniques were investigated with respect to its suitability for the preservation of the specific anammox activity after long-term storage. Storing conditions differed in terms of temperature, redox buffer and nutrient supplementation. The specific activity of immobilized anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis) was determined three times during a long-term preservation of 78 days and 106 days, respectively. The highest activity was ensured at a storing temperature of 4 °C, providing nitrate as redox buffer and a nutrient supplement every 23 days. Thus, 91.4% of the initial anammox activity could be preserved after a storage of 106 days. Superiority of the presented treatment condition was confirmed by a calculated nitrate-ammonium consumption rate close to the optimal ratio of 1.32. This technique provided an economical and simple method suitable for long-term storage of immobilized anammox biomass.
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Wirakartakusumah, Moehammad Aman, and Purwiyatno Hariyadi. "Technical Aspects of Food Fortification." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 19, no. 2 (January 1998): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659801900203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The nutritional status of the population is one of the important factors determining the quality and productivity of the population, which in turn affects national productivity. In the long term, good nutritional status contributes to the intelligence and health of the population. Consequently, programmes directed at improving the nutritional status of the population will undoubtedly be a high priority in the national development scheme of any country, developed or developing. Food fortification, i.e., the addition of nutrients to specific foods based on the dietary habits and nutritional status of the target population, is one of the most popular nutritional interventions for improving the population's nutritional status. For food-fortification programmes to be successful, their technical aspects need to be carefully assessed. These include the nutritional justification for food fortification, the acceptability of the fortified food product to consumers (both cost and taste), and any technical or analytical limitation to compliance with food regulations and labeling requirements. Important technical aspects of developing effective food-fortification programmes are the choice of food carrier, nutrient interactions, bioavailability of nutrients, stability of nutrients added under anticipated conditions of storage and processing (food preparation at the household level), and safety. A good fortified product should not cause nutrition imbalance, and excessive intake of nutrients should not have adverse effects. To provide better information for the consumer, the concept of overage should be introduced. Overage is the use of kinetic data on nutrient stability to calculate the amount of added nutrient so that the anticipated level of the nutrient at the end of the product's shelf life is in accordance with the level indicated on the label.
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Sampedro-Núñez, Miguel, Antonio Bouthelier, Ana Serrano-Somavilla, Rebeca Martínez-Hernández, Magdalena Adrados, Elena Martín-Pérez, José Luis Muñoz de Nova, et al. "LAT-1 and GLUT-1 Carrier Expression and Its Prognostic Value in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors." Cancers 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 2968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102968.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cancer cells develop mechanisms that increase nutrient uptake, including key nutrient carriers, such as amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), regulated by the oxygen-sensing Von Hippel Lindau-hypoxia-inducible factor (VHL-HIF) transcriptional pathway. We aimed to analyze these metabolic players in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) and correlate them with tumor malignancy and progression. LAT-1, GLUT-1, and pVHL expression was analyzed in 116 GEP-NETs and 48 peritumoral tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. LAT-1 was stably silenced using specific shRNA in the human NET BON cell line. LAT-1 expression was significantly increased in tumor tissue compared to non-tumor tissue in both gastrointestinal (67% vs. 44%) and pancreatic NETs (54% vs. 31%). Similarly, GLUT-1 was substantially elevated in gastrointestinal (74% vs. 19%) and pancreatic (58% vs. 4%) NETs. In contrast, pVHL expression was decreased (85% vs. 58%) in pancreatic NETs. Tumors with metastases at diagnosis displayed increased LAT-1 and GLUT-1 and decreased pVHL expression (p < 0.001). In accordance with these data, silencing LAT-1 curtailed cell proliferation in BON cells. These findings suggest that specific mechanisms that increase nutrient uptake, such as LAT-1 and GLUT-1, are increased in GEP-NETs, whereas pVHL is decreased. These markers might be related to the proliferation and metastatic capacity of these tumors.
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McWhorter, Todd J., Bradley Hartman Bakken, William H. Karasov, and Carlos Martínez del Rio. "Hummingbirds rely on both paracellular and carrier-mediated intestinal glucose absorption to fuel high metabolism." Biology Letters 2, no. 1 (September 27, 2005): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0388.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Twenty years ago, the highest active glucose transport rate and lowest passive glucose permeability in vertebrates were reported in Rufous and Anna's hummingbirds ( Selasphorus rufus , Calypte anna ). These first measurements of intestinal nutrient absorption in nectarivores provided an unprecedented physiological foundation for understanding their foraging ecology. They showed that physiological processes are determinants of feeding behaviour. The conclusion that active, mediated transport accounts for essentially all glucose absorption in hummingbirds influenced two decades of subsequent research on the digestive physiology and nutritional ecology of nectarivores. Here, we report new findings demonstrating that the passive permeability of hummingbird intestines to glucose is much higher than previously reported, suggesting that not all sugar uptake is mediated. Even while possessing the highest active glucose transport rates measured in vertebrates, hummingbirds must rely partially on passive non-mediated intestinal nutrient absorption to meet their high mass-specific metabolic demands.
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Baliyan, Nitin, Kamal A. Qureshi, Mariusz Jaremko, Minakshi Rajput, Monika Singh, Sandhya Dhiman, Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari, Chandra Kant, and Ajay Kumar. "Bioformulation Containing Cohorts of Ensifer adhaerens MSN12 and Bacillus cereus MEN8 for the Nutrient Enhancement of Cicer arietinum L." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Here we examine the effects of different carrier based bioinoculants on the growth, yield and nutritional value of chickpea and on associated soil nutrients. A consortium of two taxonomically distinct endophytic bacteria—Ensifer adhaerens MSN12 and Bacillus cereus MEN8—have promising plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes. We demonstrate their delivery from the laboratory to the field via the formulation of an effective bioinoculant with economic and accessible carriers. Sugarcane straw ash (SCSA) was found to be an efficient carrier and bioformulation for enhancing viability and shelf-life of strains up to 12 months. A bioformulation containing an SCSA-based consortium (MSN12 + MEN8) increased seed germination by 7%, plant weight by 29%, length by 17%, seed-yield by 12%, harvesting index by 14% and proximate nutritional constituents by 20% over consortium treatment without SCSA. In addition, the bioformulation of post-harvest treated soil improved the physico-chemical properties of the soil in comparison to a pre-sowing SCSA-based bioformulation treated crop, being fortified in different proximate nutritional constituents including dry matter (30%), crude protein (45%), crude fiber (35%), and ether extract (40%) in comparison to the control. Principal component analysis and scattered matrix plots showed a positive correlation among the treatments, which also validates improvement in the soil nutrient components and proximate constituents by T6 treatment (MSN12 + MEN8 + SCSA). The above results suggest efficiency of SCSA not only as a carrier material but also to support microbial growth for adequate delivery of lab strains as a substitute for chemi-fertilizers.
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Malmqvist, A., B. Berggren, C. Sjölin, T. Welander, L. Heuts, A. Fransén, and D. Ling. "Full scale implementation of the nutrient limited BAS process at Södra Cell Värö." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A combination of the suspended carrier biofilm process and the activated sludge process (biofilm-activated sludge - BAS) has been shown to be very successful for the treatment of different types of pulp and paper mill effluents. The robust biofilm pre-treatment in combination with activated sludge results in a stable, compact and highly efficient process. Recent findings have shown that nutrient limited operation of the biofilm process greatly improves the sludge characteristics in the following activated sludge stage, while minimising sludge production and effluent discharge of nutrients. The nutrient limited BAS process was implemented at full scale at the Södra Cell Värö kraft mill and taken into operation in July 2002. After start-up and optimisation over about 5 months, the process meets all effluent discharge limits. The removal of COD is close to 70% and the removal of EDTA greater than 90%. Typical effluent concentrations of suspended solids and nutrients during stable operations have been 20-30 mg/L TSS, 0.3-0.5 mg/L phosphorus and 3-5 mg/L nitrogen. The sludge production was 0.09 kgSS/kg COD removed and the sludge volume index was 50-100 mL/g.
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Toledo, Marivic, Veronica Migo, Catalino Alfafara, Monet Concepcion Maguyon-Detras, and Clint Charles Brutas. "Process Optimization for the Production of Potassium-Carrageenan Nanofertilizer by Ionic Crosslinking." MATEC Web of Conferences 268 (2019): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926805002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of nutrient loading, mixing temperature, time and type of drying method (freeze and oven drying) on the total K content of the potassium-carrageenan fertilizer formulated through ionic crosslinking was evaluated. Direct effect on the total K was observed at varying nutrient loading at nutrient-to-carrier mass ratios 1:2 and 2:1 with no significant effect at varying mixing conditions and drying. Instead, variations are observed on the qualitative properties of potassium-carrageenan such as viscosity due to the thermoreversible properties of kappa-carrageenan. A linear model based on the significant factor was generated to predict the potassium content at the range of nutrient ratio adjusted to 1:2 to 1.5:1 to obtain a center ratio 1:1, with a maximum predicted value of 26.64% w/w. Potassium and carrageenan crosslinking yield an organized helix structure based on SEM micrograph with crystalline structure. Freeze dried fertilizers yield smaller particle sizes about 300nm due to its easily size reducible physical appearance than in oven-drying where film like particles are observed. Further, a decrease in absorbance is observed at increased potassium concentration. Evaluation of release pattern using buffer system shows slower release of nutrient using carrageenan carrier compared to conventional fertilizer at pH sensitive environment.
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França, Débora, Gilberto Siqueira, Gustav Nyström, Frank Clemens, Claudinei Fonseca Souza, and Roselena Faez. "Charged-cellulose nanofibrils as a nutrient carrier in biodegradable polymers for enhanced efficiency fertilizers." Carbohydrate Polymers 296 (November 2022): 119934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119934.
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Jimenez-Sánchez, Cecilia, Thierry Brun, and Pierre Maechler. "Mitochondrial Carriers Regulating Insulin Secretion Profiled in Human Islets upon Metabolic Stress." Biomolecules 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111543.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chronic exposure of β-cells to nutrient-rich metabolic stress impairs mitochondrial metabolism and its coupling to insulin secretion. We exposed isolated human islets to different metabolic stresses for 3 days: 0.4 mM oleate or 0.4 mM palmitate at physiological 5.5 mM glucose (lipotoxicity), high 25 mM glucose (glucotoxicity), and high 25 mM glucose combined with 0.4 mM oleate and/or palmitate (glucolipotoxicity). Then, we profiled the mitochondrial carriers and associated genes with RNA-Seq. Diabetogenic conditions, and in particular glucotoxicity, increased expression of several mitochondrial solute carriers in human islets, such as the malate carrier DIC, the α-ketoglutarate-malate exchanger OGC, and the glutamate carrier GC1. Glucotoxicity also induced a general upregulation of the electron transport chain machinery, while palmitate largely counteracted this effect. Expression of different components of the TOM/TIM mitochondrial protein import system was increased by glucotoxicity, whereas glucolipotoxicity strongly upregulated its receptor subunit TOM70. Expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter MCU was essentially preserved by metabolic stresses. However, glucotoxicity altered expression of regulatory elements of calcium influx as well as the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCLX, which mediates calcium efflux. Overall, the expression profile of mitochondrial carriers and associated genes was modified by the different metabolic stresses exhibiting nutrient-specific signatures.
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FEBRIYANTI, DEWA AYU ARI, I. WAYAN WIRAATMAJA, and I. KETUT SUADA. "Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak (Salacca edulis L.) terhadap Dosis Spora Endomikoriza pada Media Pembawa Pasir Vulkanik dan Pasir Laut." Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science 10, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2020.v10.i02.p04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Response of Salak Seedling (Salacca edulis L.) Growth to Endomycorrhizal Spore Doses on Volcanic Sand and Sea Sand Carrier. Endomycorrhizae has several benefits, such as increase water absorption and nutrients of plant, protect plants from root pathogens and toxic substances, play a role in improving soil structure, and increase nutrient solubility. This study aimed to determine the growth response of salak seedlings to doses of endomycorrhizal spores in media carrying volcanic sand and sea sand. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two treatments i.e. the number of spores and the type of carriers media. The results showed no significant interaction between the number of mycorrhizal spores doses with the carrier media on all observed variables. Spores doses significantly affected stem diameter and root mycorrhizal infection variables. The highest stem diameter was achieved at the dose of 75 spores that was 1.60 cm which was significantly different from control (1.28 cm), whereas the highest root infection was obtained at the dose of 225 spores (92.50%) which significantly higher than control (36.25%). At the observation of 4 MAP (month after planting) the highest root infection was obtained at the dose of 150 spores (82.50%) compared to control (10.00%). Volcanic sand carrier media produced the highest plant dry weight (3.59 g) which was significantly different to the sea sand (2.43 g).
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Waters, Sean, David Hamilton, Gang Pan, Steven Michener, and Shaun Ogilvie. "Oxygen Nanobubbles for Lake Restoration—Where Are We at? A Review of a New-Generation Approach to Managing Lake Eutrophication." Water 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14131989.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nutrient enrichment of lakes from anthropogenic activities is a significant and increasing issue globally, impairing the health, biodiversity and service provisioning from lakes, with impacts on cultural, recreational, economic and aesthetic values. Internal nutrient loads from lakebed sediment releases are a primary cause of lake eutrophication and have necessitated geoengineering methods to mitigate releases and speed up recovery from eutrophication. Our objective in this review was to evaluate the use of oxygen nanobubbles as a geoengineering technology to remediate low oxygen conditions at the lake sediment/water interface, as a precursor to alleviating eutrophication linked to high internal nutrient loads. Oxygen nanobubbles (NBs) are bubbles < 1000 nm formed at the interface of solid surfaces and aqueous solutions. These bubbles have higher density than water, persist for longer and facilitate greater oxygen solubility than larger bubbles. Methods have been developed to enable NB formation at the surface of carrier materials, which are then used in conjunction with modified local soils (MLSs), to ‘floc, lock and oxygenate’ to strip nutrients from the water column, locking them in lakebed sediments and oxygenating the sediments to prevent re-release of nutrients. Most studies of NBs for lake restoration have thus far only demonstrated their potential for this purpose, using short-term, small-scale core incubations conducted mainly in laboratory settings. Work is required to (1) address scalability, including procurement and cost, (2) extend laboratory incubation studies to large outdoor enclosures and pond/lake trials, (3) examine longevity of the effects in the natural environment, including potential for MLSs to smother benthos and/or have toxic effects, and (4) extend to a range of lake environments and MLS types. Legal, cultural and social acceptance of the technology is another prerequisite of applications in the natural environment and requires individualised analysis. Until these issues are addressed in a systematic way that addresses scalability and recommends suitable carrier materials and MLSs, NBs may continue to remain largely untried as a geoengineering method to address lake eutrophication.
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ARYANI, NI KADEK, I. NYOMAN RAI, and NI NYOMAN ARI MAYADEWI. "Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak (Salacca Zallaca) terhadap Dosis Spora Endomikoriza pada Media Pembawa Pasir Kuarsa dan Zeolit." Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science 10, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2020.v10.i01.p03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Response of Salak Seedlings (Salacca Zallaca) Growth to Dosage of Endomycorrhizal Spore in Quartz Sand and Zeolite Carrier Media. This study aimed to study the effect of endomycorrhizal spore dosage and carrier media that were applied directly to the roots of salak plants. The research designed as factorisl by using Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was number of endomycorrhiza spores consists of 4 levels i.e 0, 75, 150, and 225 spores per 500 g carrier media per polybag, while the second factor was the type of carrier media consist of 2 levels i.e zeolite and quartz sand. The results showed that interaction between endomycorrhizal spore dosage with carrier media did not significantly influence the growth of salak seedlings. Endomycorrhizal spores in doses of 75, 150 and 225 spores per polybag increased root infection and leaf P nutrient content compared to control, but seed height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of seedlings not significantly difference. The zeolite carrier media caused root infection by mycorrhizal was higher than quartz sand media, but the P nutrient uptake and seedling growth were not significantly different. Based on the results of this study it is necessary to make a longer observation of the effect of endomycorrhizal spore doses and carrier media on the growth of salak seedlings.
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Saltnes, T., G. Sørensen, and S. Eikås. "Biological nutrient removal in a continuous biofilm process." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A new biological phosphorous and nitrogen removal process is developed. The process is based on biofilm on carrier elements with enhanced biological phosphorous removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a continuous process. Results from 3 years of pilot and laboratory experiments are presented with regards to removal of organic substances, phosphorous and nitrogen. This process demonstrates essential benefits and improved performance compared to other EBPR-processes in operation today. The first full scale plant was put in operation in May 2016 at Hias WWTP in Norway.
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Bell, P. R. F., P. F. Greenfield, D. Hawker, and D. Connell. "The Impact of Waste Discharges on Coral Reef Regions." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Runoff and sewage discharges from tourist resorts can cause serious adverse impacts on coral reef communities. These impacts result from both the contaminants contained in the discharges and from the freshwater carrier itself. Of the many components of sewage, the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus appear to cause the most severe adverse impacts. The main effects of nutrients on corals appear to be indirect. The higher nutrient levels result in increased algal growth which can ultimately lead to complete destruction of the delicately balanced coral reef ecosystem. The available evidence implies that denitrification and phosphorus removal are necessary treatment requirements if acceptable levels (after dilution) of these components are to be achieved. The disposal of run-off needs to be considered carefully. Factors such as re-diversion, storage, reuse, treatment for removal of nutrients and disposal via submarine outfall all need to be considered.
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Grzebisz, Witold, and Remigiusz Łukowiak. "Nitrogen Gap Amelioration Is a Core for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture—A Concept." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main reason for the development of the yield gap in crop production is the inefficient management of nitrogen (N). The nitrogen gap (NG) cannot be ameliorated without an indication and quantification of soil characteristics that limit N uptake by a crop plant. The insufficient supply of N to a plant during its cardinal stages of yield formation is a result of two major-variabilities. The first is spatial variability in the soil characteristics responsible for water supply to a plant, also serving as a nutrient carrier. The second is a vertical variability in soil factors, decisive for pools of available nutrients, and their in-season accessibility to the grown crop. The long-term strategy for NG cover should focus first on soil characteristics (humus stock, pH, nutrient content) responsible for water storage and its availability to the currently grown plant. Diagnostics of plant nutrient availability should deliver data on their contents both in the topsoil and subsoil. The combined use of both classical diagnostic tools and spectral imagery is a way to divide a single field into units, differing in productivity. Remote-sensing techniques offer a broad number of tools to define the in-season crop canopy requirement for fertilizer N in homogenous field units.
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Ó., Prado, Mendoza J., Veiga M., and Kennes C. "Optimization of nutrient supply in a downflow gas-phase biofilter packed with an inert carrier." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 59, no. 4-5 (January 1, 2002): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1028-2.
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Devinta, Apriliani, and Enny Zulaika. "VIABILITY AND PRODUCTION CALCIFYING BACTERIAL ENDOSPORE ON SAND-CEMENT CARRIER." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH) 8, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v8i1.184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbonatogenic bacteria have the ability to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and many calcareous areas are found. Some of its species formed endosporas which resistant to harsh physical condition such as very alkaline pH. The objectives of this study were to obtain spore biomass and determine endosporas viability in tested carrier media such as sand-cement. The tested isolates were Bacillus JA1, JB3, SU1, AK4, Lysinibacillus JB2, and Sporosracina JA4. The production of endosporas was carried out on yeast urea broth with a temperature treatment of 70°C for 20 minutes. The formed endosporas were stored in carrier medium of sand, cement, and a mixture of cement sand. Spore viability was conducted using total plate count method. The results showed that all isolates were able to produce endosporas with the highest endosporas dry biomass is Bacillus AK4 which was 196 mg/L. After 2 hours of storage, endosporas were still able to grow by forming colonies on nutrient agar media.
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Zulaika, Enny, and Salma Shavira Rahma Khofifah. "PRODUCTION OF AMYLOCELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES AND THEIR VIABILITY ON CARRIER MEDIA BY Bacillus sp. U4 AND Pseudomonas sp. U3." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH) 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v8i2.186.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Amylase and cellulase are enzymes that are amyocellulolytic. Both are extracellular enzymes that can degrade organic materials, namely starch and cellulose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Bacillus sp. U4 and Pseudomonas sp. U3 could produce amylocellulolytic enzymes and determine their viability after being incubated for 2 hours on the husk, peat, and sawdust carrier media. Screening for the presence of amylase was carried out on a selective medium, namely nutrient agar-amylum 0.5 %, and cellulase on carboxymethyl cellulose-agar medium. Both isolates were inoculated into sawdust, husk, peat carrier media and incubated for 2 hours. Viability was observed using the total plate count method. Bacillus sp. U4 and Pseudomonas sp. U3 can produce amylase and cellulase. The best isolate viability after incubation for 2 hours was found in husk carrier media with 2.13 x 105 CFU/gr of husk media.
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Zhang, Yong, Yuping Zhang, Kun Sun, Ziyi Meng, and Ligong Chen. "The SLC transporter in nutrient and metabolic sensing, regulation, and drug development." Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 11, no. 1 (September 18, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjy052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The prevalence of metabolic diseases is growing worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that solute carrier (SLC) transporters contribute to the etiology of various metabolic diseases. Consistent with metabolic characteristics, the top five organs in which SLC transporters are highly expressed are the kidney, brain, liver, gut, and heart. We aim to understand the molecular mechanisms of important SLC transporter-mediated physiological processes and their potentials as drug targets. SLC transporters serve as ‘metabolic gate’ of cells and mediate the transport of a wide range of essential nutrients and metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins, neurotransmitters, and inorganic/metal ions. Gene-modified animal models have demonstrated that SLC transporters participate in many important physiological functions including nutrient supply, metabolic transformation, energy homeostasis, tissue development, oxidative stress, host defense, and neurological regulation. Furthermore, the human genomic studies have identified that SLC transporters are susceptible or causative genes in various diseases like cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, immunological disorders, and neurological dysfunction. Importantly, a number of SLC transporters have been successfully targeted for drug developments. This review will focus on the current understanding of SLCs in regulating physiology, nutrient sensing and uptake, and risk of diseases.
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Siringan, Patcharin, Phillippa L. Connerton, Nicola J. Cummings, and Ian F. Connerton. "Alternative bacteriophage life cycles: the carrier state of Campylobacter jejuni." Open Biology 4, no. 3 (March 2014): 130200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.130200.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Members of the genus Campylobacter are frequently responsible for human enteric disease, often through consumption of contaminated poultry products. Bacteriophages are viruses that have the potential to control pathogenic bacteria, but understanding their complex life cycles is key to their successful exploitation. Treatment of Campylobacter jejuni biofilms with bacteriophages led to the discovery that phages had established a relationship with their hosts typical of the carrier state life cycle (CSLC), where bacteria and bacteriophages remain associated in equilibrium. Significant phenotypic changes include improved aerotolerance under nutrient-limited conditions that would confer an advantage to survive in extra-intestinal environments, but a lack in motility eliminated their ability to colonize chickens. Under these circumstances, phages can remain associated with a compatible host and continue to produce free virions to prospect for new hosts. Moreover, we demonstrate that CSLC host bacteria can act as expendable vehicles for the delivery of bacteriophages to new host bacteria within pre-colonized chickens. The CSLC represents an important phase in the ecology of Campylobacter bacteriophage.
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Titus, E., W. H. Karasov, and G. A. Ahearn. "Dietary modulation of intestinal nutrient transport in the teleost fish tilapia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): R1568—R1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.6.r1568.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were fed a diet with either 60% carbohydrate (70% grain-4% fish meal) or 17% carbohydrate (11% grain-65% fish meal) for greater than or equal to 4 wk. Intestinal uptake of radiolabeled acetate, D-glucose, and L-proline was measured in brush-border membrane vesicles. As expected, fish fed high carbohydrate had significantly higher D-glucose uptake than those fed low carbohydrate [maximal uptake rate (Vmax), respectively, 84.2 +/- 18.2 vs. 37.4 +/- 10.9 pmol.mg protein-1.s-1; n = 4 batches of vesicles in each case; t test, P less than 0.025]. The change in glucose transport was specific, because in the same batches of vesicles there was no significant diet effect on carrier-mediated uptake of L-proline or acetate. Also as expected, dietary modulation of carrier-mediated transport was effected primarily by alterations in Vmax and not apparent Michaelis constant (Km); Km was not significantly altered by diet for either D-glucose (high carbohydrate vs. low carbohydrate, respectively, 0.34 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.03 mM; P greater than 0.2), L-proline (respectively, 0.10 +/- 0.03 vs. mM 0.13 +/- 0.05), or acetate (respectively, 4.8 +/- 1.4 vs. mM 6.5 +/- 2.2).
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Dayanidhi, Kalaivani, and Noorjahan Sheik Eusuff. "Fabrication, Characterization, and Evaluation of Eggshells as a Carrier for Sustainable Slow-Release Multi-Nutrient Fertilizers." ACS Applied Bio Materials 4, no. 12 (November 9, 2021): 8215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.1c00733.
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Mazlina, Mazlina, Asmarlaili S Hanafiah, A. Rauf, and Edy Sigit Sutarta. "Effectiveness of Organic Materials as Media in Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Inoculum to Changes on Acid Sulfate Soils." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 2, no. 1 (November 4, 2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v2i1.202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Acid sulphate soils (ASS) had low pH, low nutrients availability and also soluble aluminium and iron were high. Inoculum of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) which organic matter as media could increased the soil pH, nutrient content and decrease sulfur-total of acid sulfate soils. The research was conducted in a randomized block design with two replications. This study used a randomized block design with two factors and two replications. The first factor was compost inoculum (C) was taken ten treatments from without any inoculum SRB and 9 treatment with different types and dosages of organic matter as media. The second factor was the water content condition (K) namely of K1: 100% field capacity and K2: 110% field capacity. Different types and dosages of organic matter appear to influence the changes in soil properties (tends to decrease soil sulfate and increase soil pH, and nutrient content levels in soil and plant). Inoculum SRB of palm oil empty bunches and weed gave a higher sulfate reduction compared to C0 (without inoculums) or inoculums with carrier media that used rice straw in water content 100% or 110% field capacity (FC).
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Feng, Chunhua, Xudong Zong, Buwen Cui, Hui Guo, Wenyan Zhang, and Jianping Zhu. "Application of Carrier Materials in Self-Healing Cement-Based Materials Based on Microbial-Induced Mineralization." Crystals 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology has attracted widespread research attention owing to its application in crack healing for cement-based materials in an intelligent and environmentally friendly manner. However, the high internal alkalinity, low nutrient content, and dense structure of cement-based materials have restricted its application in self-healing cement-based materials. Various carrier materials have been widely used for the immobilization of microorganisms in recent years. Carrier materials have significantly increased the ability of microorganisms to withstand extreme conditions (high temperature, high alkali, etc.) and have provided new ideas for the compatibility of microorganisms with cement-based materials. In this study, the basic principles of microbial self-healing technology in cement-based materials and microbial immobilization methods and the influencing factors are introduced, followed by a review of the research progress and application effects of different types of carrier materials, such as aggregate, low-alkali cementitious materials, organic materials, and microcapsules. Finally, the current problems and promising development directions of microbial carrier materials are summarized to provide useful references for the future development of microbial carriers and self-healing cement-based materials.
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Gunawan, Richard, Iswandi Anas, and Fahrizal Hazra. "PRODUKSI MASAL INOKULUM AZOTOBACTER, AZOSPIRILLUM DAN BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA ALTERNATIF." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.12.2.33-39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Azotobacter, Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria are the most common microbial inoculants used as biofertilizer. To have good quality of biofertilizer, the high number of inoculant cells and suitable carriers as well as the method of carrier sterilization are among the most important factors determined the quality of biofertilizer. Related to the number of inoculant cells in carriers, the growing medium used to cultivate the microbial cells play very important role. For mass production of microbial cells, the medium should be able to support fast growth of microbial cells. The price of medium should be reasonably cheap and the materials used in medium should be available easily. The purpose of this study was to obtain a cheap growing medium that can support high number of microbial inoculant cells and the components of the medium should be easyly obtain and the price is not expensive. The study was conducted at the Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). The results showed that the medium IPB RI-1 was able to support the growth of 1010 cfu ml-1 Azotobacter, 108 cfu ml-1 Azospirillum and 109 cfu ml-1 Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria. The number of bacterial cells in Nutrient Broth medium was only 108 cfu ml-1. This means that the IPB RI-1 medium was able to produce 100-fold population of Azotobacter compared to the growth of this bacterium in Nutrient Broth and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria was 10-fold higher than population in Nutrient Broth medium. The costs of the IPB RI-1 and IPB RI-2 were much cheaper compared to the cost of Nutrient Broth medium. The cost of medium IPB RI-1 only 3% (IDR 945) and IPB RI-2 about 2% (IDR 690) of the cost of Nutrient Broth medium (IDR 27,752) per liter medium in the year of 2010.<br />Keywords : Alternative media, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Nutrient Broth, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria</p>
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Veterini, Anna Surgean, Nancy Margarita Rehatta, Subijanto Marto Soedarmo, Heni Rachmawati, Widjiati Widjiati, Widodo Jatim P, Annis Catur Adi, and I. Ketut Sudiana. "Extra Virgin Olive Oil Nanoemulsion Attenuated Inflammatory Response in LPS-Induced Sepsis." RSF Conference Proceeding Series: Medical and Health Science 1, no. 1 (September 23, 2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cpmhs.v1i1.278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The provision of nutritional components in critical illness such as sepsis remains a big issue in clinical application, particularly through oral route due to intestinal integrity damaged-associated absorption problem. The aim of this research was to develop an EVOO nanoemulsion as a nutrient carrier to improve its permeability while maintaining intestinal mucosa integrity in a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxemia. EVOO nanoemulsion was prepared by using the ultrasonication-mild agitation method. EVOO nanoemulsion (1.5 mL) was administered to the mice via an orogastric tube. The effect of EVOO nanoemulsion was evaluated by assessing the histopathological alterations in the lung, measuring the activation of NF?B-p65, the levels of circulating SP-D, TNF-?, IL-8, and IL-10. The main result, EVOO nanoemulsion decreased circulating SP-D level after 24h. In conclusion, EVOO nanoemulsion is a promising carrier to improve nutrient absorption and decrease circulating SP-D as an organ injury biomarker.
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Barnes, Jared, Paul Nelson, Brian E. Whipker, David A. Dickey, Dean Hesterberg, and Wei Shi. "Statistical Model for Describing Macronutrient Impacts on Container Substrate pH Over Time." HortScience 49, no. 2 (February 2014): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.2.207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although many factors that influence substrate pH have been quantified, the effect from fertilizers continues to be elusive. A multifactorial experiment was conducted to test macronutrient effects using a rarely used statistical method known as the central composite design. Five nutrient factors, including nitrogen (N) carrier ratio (NH4+ vs. NO3–) and concentrations of phosphorus (P) (as H2PO4–), potassium (K), combined calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), were varied at five levels each encompassing the proportionate range of these nutrients in commercial greenhouse fertilizers. Although a typical factorial experiment would have resulted in 55 = 3125 treatments, the central composite design reduced the number to 30 fertilizer treatments. An experiment was conducted twice in which ‘Evolution White’ mealy-cup sage (Salvia farinacea Benth.) was grown in 14-cm-diameter pots (1.29 L) in a 3 peat:1 perlite (v/v) substrate amended with non-residual powdered calcium carbonate to raise the substrate pH to ≈5.6 to 5.8. Harvests occurred after 3 and 6 weeks of growth. A statistical model described substrate pH over time with significant effects including four main effects of N carrier ratio, P, K, and combined Ca and Mg; three squared terms of N carrier ratio, P, and K; and seven interaction effects. The resulting model was used to calculate substrate pH levels between 25 and 45 days after planting, and it showed that N carrier had the greatest impact on substrate pH.
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Thalasso, F., F. Omil, J. O. Otero, and J. M. Lema. "Treatment of methanol in a dry biofilm reactor using tubular carrier." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (September 1, 2000): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A 13.4 l Dry Tubular Biofilm reactor (DTB), with 19 PVC tubes as carrier, was used to treat polluted air using methanol as a model pollutant. The design of this reactor was based on the creation of a mist by contacting the waste gas and a discontinuous liquid nutrient supply into an atomising nozzle. Air was fed into the reactor at specific gas flow rates from 60 to 230 m3/m3 · h, containing from 0.25 to 2.84×10-3 kg/m3 of methanol (volumetric loading rates from 1.4 to 4.7 kg/m3 · d). Biofilm growth was observed from the very beginning of the experiment although preferentially on the reactor's wall and not on the tubular carrier. Methanol degradation was observed to increase along the experiment and reached 1.24 kg/m3 · d. The efficiency of this system was limited by the clogging of the tubes used as carrier. The biofilm developed directly on the wall of the reactor had a specific methanol degradation rate of 1.08 kg/kgVSS · h, while only 0.6 kg/kgVSS · h of methanol were degraded after a long lag phase by the biomass developed inside the tubular carrier. Another experiment was carried out with the empty reactor without PVC tubing. In that case, a specific degradation rate of 4.15 kg/m3 · d was observed, which confirm that PVC tubular carrier was clearly not favourable to the process.
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Lopez, Alejandra M., Jhones O. Sarturi, Darren H. Henry, Francine M. Ciriaco, Bradley J. Johnson, Kaliu G. Scaranto Silva, Kaue Tonelli Nardi, et al. "PSVIII-18 Nutrient Digestibility of Feedlot Beef Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.715.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The effects of dietary inclusion of live bacteria on feedlot beef cattle apparent total tract nutrient digestibility were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus yearling steers (n = 192; initial BW = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen; 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered ad libitum once daily containing the following treatments: 1) Control, in which no direct fed microbial (DFM) was offered (lactose as carrier only); 2 and 3) Probiotic mixtures at distinct concentrations [Mixture A and B, at 2g/animal-daily (lactose used as carrier)]. Orts DM were quantified (if any) daily and subtracted from total dietary DM offered to calculate DM intake. Fecal samples were collected twice daily (0700 and 1700 h) for 5 consecutive days (d 68 to 72) from at least 3 steers per pen, while feed samples were collected daily. Samples were composited within period, dehydrated (55°C), and ground (1mm) for further analyses. Total fecal output was estimated with a dietary internal marker (288-h indigestible NDF) and used to calculate nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS and pen was considered the experimental unit. Intakes of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF during the digestibility assessment were not affected (P ≥ 0.13) by treatments. Steers offered DFM mixture-A tended to increase digestibility of DM (P = 0.07; 79.3 vs. 77.1%), NDF (P = 0.10; 56.9 vs. 51.6%), and hemicellulose (P = 0.08; 59.4 vs. 53.9%) compared with control, while digestibility of ADF was not affected (P = 0.24) by treatment. The DFM mixture-A seemed to positively affect apparent digestibility of nutrients in steers consuming a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet, in which improvements in the fiber fraction digestion seemed to be a meaningful contributor.
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Guilherme, Marcos R., Fauze A. Aouada, André R. Fajardo, Alessandro F. Martins, Alexandre T. Paulino, Magali F. T. Davi, Adley F. Rubira, and Edvani C. Muniz. "Superabsorbent hydrogels based on polysaccharides for application in agriculture as soil conditioner and nutrient carrier: A review." European Polymer Journal 72 (November 2015): 365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.017.
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Carey, H. V., and N. S. Sills. "Maintenance of intestinal nutrient transport during hibernation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): R517—R523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.3.r517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We studied nutrient absorption across the brush-border membrane in jejunal tissues from active 13-lined ground squirrels and in hibernating squirrels that had not eaten for at least 6 wk. Body weights and jejunal wet weights per centimeter were significantly reduced in the hibernators. Rates of total and carrier-mediated uptake of 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) per centimeter intestinal length were greater in the active squirrels, but 3-OMG uptakes per milligram intestinal weight were greater in the hibernators, due to a significantly greater maximum rate of uptake (Jmax) per milligram with no differences in apparent Michaelis constant (Km). Passive permeabilities to L-glucose were similar in both groups. Total uptake of L-proline per centimeter was greater in active squirrels, but total proline uptake per milligram was greater in the hibernators due to a significantly greater Jmax per milligram with no difference in apparent Km. Na(+)-independent proline uptake accounted for a greater proportion of total proline uptake in active compared with hibernating squirrels. As a consequence, Na(+)-dependent proline uptake was greater in the hibernators when uptake was normalized either to intestinal length or intestinal weight. Thus hibernation is associated with an increase in the Jmax per milligram for 3-OMG and proline transport, as well as a shift in the Na+ dependency of proline uptake. We conclude that nutrient absorption is selectively retained in mammalian hibernators to maintain transport function after the extended winter fast.
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Marchiol, Luca, Antonio Filippi, Alessio Adamiano, Lorenzo Degli Esposti, Michele Iafisco, Alessandro Mattiello, Elisa Petrussa, and Enrico Braidot. "Influence of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Germination and Plant Metabolism of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Preliminary Evidence." Agronomy 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Nutrient Use Efficiency in intensive agriculture is lower than 50% for macronutrients. This feature results in unsustainable financial and environmental costs. Nanofertilizers are a promising application of nanotechnology in agriculture. The use of nanofertilizers in an efficient and safe manner calls for knowledge about the actual effects of nanoproducts on the plant metabolism and eventually on the carrier release kinetics and nutrient accumulation. Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) nanoparticles (nHA) have an interesting potential to be used as nanofertilizers. In this study, the effects of different nHA solutions stabilized with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were evaluated on germination, seedling growth, and metabolism of Solanum lycopersicum L., used as model species. Our observations showed that the percentage germination of S. lycopersicum is not influenced by increasing concentrations of nHa, while root elongation is strongly stimulated. Tomato plants grown in hydroponics in the presence of nHA have not suffered phytotoxic effects. We conclude that nHA had nontoxic effects on our model plant and therefore it could be used both as a P supplier and carrier of other elements and molecules.
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Chen, Tzu-Chien, Yu-Yu Ho, Rui-Chian Tang, Yong-Chen Ke, Jhih-Ni Lin, I.-Hsuan Yang, and Feng-Huei Lin. "Thiolated Chitosan as an Intestinal Absorption Carrier with Hesperidin Encapsulation for Obesity Treatment." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 4405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Obesity is characterized as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation harmful to one’s health, linked to hormonal imbalances, cardiovascular illness, and coronary artery disease. Since the disease stems mainly from overconsumption, studies have aimed to control intestinal absorption as a route for treatment. In this study, chitosan-thioglycolic acid (CT) was developed as a physical barrier in the gastrointestinal tracts to inhibit nutrient uptake. CT exhibits a superior mucoadhesive property compared to chitosan both in vitro and in vivo for the ability to form disulfide bonds with the intestinal mucosa. For CT as a potential drug delivery platform, hesperidin, a herb for bodyweight control in traditional Chinese medication, is encapsulated in CT and can be released consistently from this absorption barrier. In animal studies, CT encapsulated with hesperidin (CTH) not only results in a weight-controlling effect but limits adipose accumulation by hindering absorption, suggesting a potential role in obesity treatment. Neither CT nor CTH exhibit cytotoxicity or produce adverse immunological reactions in vivo.
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Rebsamen, Manuele, Enrico Girardi, Vitaly Sedlyarov, Stefania Scorzoni, Konstantinos Papakostas, Manuela Vollert, Justyna Konecka, et al. "Gain-of-function genetic screens in human cells identify SLC transporters overcoming environmental nutrient restrictions." Life Science Alliance 5, no. 11 (September 16, 2022): e202201404. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solute carrier (SLC) transporters control fluxes of nutrients and metabolites across membranes and thereby represent a critical interface between the microenvironment and cellular and subcellular metabolism. Because of substantial functional overlap, the interplay and relative contributions of SLCs in response to environmental stresses remain poorly elucidated. To infer functional relationships between SLCs and metabolites, we developed a strategy to identify SLCs able to sustain cell viability and proliferation under growth-limiting concentrations of essential nutrients. One-by-one depletion of 13 amino acids required for cell proliferation enabled gain-of-function genetic screens using a SLC-focused CRISPR/Cas9–based transcriptional activation approach to uncover transporters relieving cells from growth-limiting metabolic bottlenecks. Among the transporters identified, we characterized the cationic amino acid transporter SLC7A3 as a gene that, when up-regulated, overcame low availability of arginine and lysine by increasing their uptake, whereas SLC7A5 was able to sustain cellular fitness upon deprivation of several neutral amino acids. Moreover, we identified metabolic compensation mediated by the glutamate/aspartate transporters SLC1A2 and SLC1A3 under glutamine-limiting conditions. Overall, this gain-of-function approach using human cells uncovered functional transporter-nutrient relationships and revealed that transport activity up-regulation may be sufficient to overcome environmental metabolic restrictions.
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Wang, Xin, Lei Song, Zhaoxing Li, Zijun Ni, Jia Bao, and Huiwen Zhang. "The remediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil by immobilized white-rot fungi." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 7 (2020): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc190822130w.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research focused on the degradation of chlorpyrifos via immobilized white rot fungi in soil, with the aim to select excellent degrading strains and an optimal carrier of white rot fungi. Immobilization of white rot fungi was assessed on corn stover, wheat straw, peanut shells, wood chip, and corn cobs. Phlebia sp., Lenzites betulinus and Irpex lacteus were grown in defined nutrient media for the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils. The carrier of the biomass was determined by observing the growth of white rot fungi. The results showed that corn stover and wheat straw are suitable carriers of the immobilized white rot fungi and that Phlebia sp. and Lenzites betulinus have a positive effect on the degradation of chlorpyrifos. At 30?C and neutral pH, the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was 74.35 %, Phlebia sp. being immobilized by corn stover in 7 days, which was the best result compared to other combinations of strains and carriers. The orthogonal experiment showed that the pH value and temperature affected the pollutant degradability more than the initial concentration and the biomass dosage.
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Lu, Jin, Alan J. Stewart, Peter J. Sadler, Teresa J. T. Pinheiro, and Claudia A. Blindauer. "Albumin as a zinc carrier: properties of its high-affinity zinc-binding site." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 6 (November 19, 2008): 1317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0361317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although details of the molecular mechanisms for the uptake of the essential nutrient zinc into the bloodstream and its subsequent delivery to zinc-requiring organs and cells are poorly understood, it is clear that in vertebrates the majority of plasma zinc (9–14 μM; approx. 75–85%) is bound to serum albumin, constituting part of the so-called exchangeable pool. The binding of metal ions to serum albumins has been the subject of decades of studies, employing a multitude of techniques, but only recently has the identity and putative structure of the major zinc site on albumin been reported. Intriguingly, this site is located at the interface between two domains, and involves two residues from each of domains I and II. Comparisons of X-ray crystal structures of free and fatty-acid bound human serum albumin suggest that zinc binding to this site and fatty acid binding to one of the five major sites may be interdependent. Interactive binding of zinc and long-chain fatty acids to albumin may therefore have physiological implications.
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Liao, Wei, Hui-qiang Li, and Ping Yang. "Organic and nutrient removal during start-up period for domestic sewage treatment by an A/O mixed carrier system." E3S Web of Conferences 167 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016701006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study combined biofilm method and A/O process reasonably to form the biological treatment system. This experiment focused on the performance of the system for domestic sewage according to the determination of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The A/O-mixed carrier system had a good removal effect on organic pollutants for simulated domestic sewage. At the start-up period, the average removal rates of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were 92%, 90% and 55%, respectively. But the removal effect of total phosphorus was not ideal.
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Priyadi, Priyadi, and Windu Mangiring. "Characteristics of Corn Cobs Waste Activated Carbon for Slow Release Micro Fertilizer Carrier." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v16i2.25480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<span>The problem of Fertilization, especially micro fertilizers</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span> is </span><span lang="IN">toxication </span><span>due to the excessive application. Using the concept of slow release fertilizer is a very possible solution to overcome the problem. The objectives of this study are 1) </span><span lang="IN">to characterize </span><span>corn cobs activated carbon for slow release micro fertilizer carrier, </span><span>2) </span><span lang="IN">to produce </span><span>and </span><span>t</span><span lang="IN">o test</span><span> of slow release micro fertilizer.</span><span>The research was carried out by converting corn cobs into activated carbon with an activation temperature of 600 ˚C and water vapor for 90 minutes. Production</span><span lang="IN"> of</span><span> slow release fertilizer was carried out by soaking activated carbon in a solution of CuSO<sub>4</sub>, FeSO<sub>4</sub> and ZnSO<sub>4</sub> 1N for 24 hours. The results of micro fertilizer were then characterized</span><span lang="IN">, then</span><span> the solubility test </span><span lang="IN">was </span><span>carried out. </span><span>The results of the characteristic analysis showed <span>that some parameters that could be used as fertilizer carriers include, iodine adsorption 404.21 mg g<sup>-1</sup>,</span> <span>adsorption of methylene blue 16.88 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, the pore volume of 0.19 cc mg<sup>-1</sup> and surface area of 315.77 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>.</span> While</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span> based on the results of micronutrient solubility test the highest nutrient content that can be absorbed by activated carbon (AA) is found in Cu, followed by Zn and Fe. </span><span lang="IN">It</span><span> relates to the characteristics possessed by activated carbon namely specific surface area, pore volume, and nutrient diameter size.</span><p> </p>
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Nabilla, Sarah, Retno Hartati, and Ria Azizah Tri Nuraini. "Hubungan Nutrien Pada Sedimen dan Penutupan Lamun Di Perairan Jepara." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 22, no. 1 (April 13, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v22i1.4252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The availability of nutrients in seagrass beds can act as growth limiting factors. Absorption of nutrients in the water column is carried out by the leaves while the absorption of nutrients from the sediment is carried out by the roots but does not rule out the transport of nutrients by the roots will also arrive at the leaves of the seagrass. If the nutrient requirement is not met properly, then the growth will be disrupted. Like the difference in distribution and density of seagrass itself. Nutrient concentrations in waters vary. Nitrate and phosphate levels in the waters are strongly influenced by sources of organic material from outside/land (allochthonous) or from the water itself (autocthonous). This research was conducted with the aim of nothing: to determine the relationship between nutrient content (nitrate and phosphate) in sediment to seagrass cover in Teluk Awur and Pantai Blebak, JeparaData collection of seagrass and sediment was carried out on March 2018 in the waters of Teluk Awur and Blebak Beach, Kabupaten Jepara. Type identification, density, and coverage are carried out at the research location. Nitrate and phosphate analysis in sediments is carried out in Laboratorium Pengujian dan Peralatan. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that there is a very strong positive relationship between nutrients and seagrass closure in the two research locations, each of which is 0.955 (91.1%) in Teluk Awur waters and 0.962 (92.6%) in Blebak Beach.Ketersediaan nutrien di perairan padang lamun dapat berperan sebagai faktor pembatas pertumbuhan. Penyerapan nutrien pada lamun pada kolom air dilakukan oleh daun sedangkan penyerapan nutrien dari sedimen dilakukan oleh akar namun tidak menutup kemungkinan pengangkutan nutrien oleh akar juga akan sampai pada bagian daun. Jika kebutuhan nutrien tidak terpenuhi dengan baik, maka pertumbuhannya mengalami gangguan. Seperti perbedaan sebaran dan kepadatan lamun itu sendiri. Konsentrasi nutrien di perairan bervariasi. Kadar nitrat dan fosfat di perairan sangat dipengaruhi oleh sumber bahan organik yang berasal dari luar/ daratan (allochthonous) maupun dari dalam perairan itu sendiri (autocthonous). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kandungan nutrien (nitrat dan fosfat) pada sedimen terhadap tutupan lamun di Teluk Awur dan Pantai Blebak, Jepara. Identifikasi jenis, kepadatan dan penutupan dilakukan pada lokasi penelitian. Analisa nitrat dan fosfat dalam sedimen dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian dan Peralatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat di ambil kesimpulan bahwa terdapat hubungan sangat kuat positif antara nutrien dengan penutupan lamun pada dua lokasi penelitian, nilainya masing-masing sebesar 0,955 (91,1%) di Perairan Teluk Awur dan 0,962 (92,6%) di Pantai Blebak.
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Gardner, D. K., and H. J. Leese. "The role of glucose and pyruvate transport in regulating nutrient utilization by preimplantation mouse embryos." Development 104, no. 3 (November 1, 1988): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.104.3.423.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Preimplantation mouse embryos utilize pyruvate preferentially during the early cleavage stages before switching to glucose at around the time of compaction. This switch in substrate preference has been studied using a non-invasive ultramicrofluorometric analytical technique on single mouse embryos. On the basis of transport kinetic studies and inhibition by phloretin, cytochalasin B and sugar analogues, a component of glucose uptake by mouse blastocysts was found to be mediated by facilitated diffusion. The Jmax and Kt of this facilitated component were 3.53 pmol embryo-1 h-1 and 0.14 mM, respectively. At physiological concentrations of glucose, the facilitated component accounts for around 75% of glucose uptake. Glucose uptake by blastocysts was found to be insensitive to insulin, added at a range of concentrations. There was no evidence for glucose active transport. The carrier-mediated component of glucose entry was detectable from the 2-cell stage onwards. Pyruvate uptake was also mediated by a carrier throughout development. In the absence of glucose in the incubation medium, the characteristic decline in pyruvate uptake does not occur. The data are consistent with a role for embryonic cell transport in regulating glucose utilization prior to compaction, but do not exclude the involvement of metabolic factors, such as the allosteric regulation of the enzymes hexokinase and phosphofructokinase.