Статті в журналах: "NUCLEUS SOFTWARE"

1

Sears, Ken H., and Alan E. Middleditch. "Software concurrency in real time control systems: A software nucleus." Software: Practice and Experience 15, no. 8 (August 1985): 739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380150803.

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2

Vougioukas, Ilias, Andreas Sandberg, Stephan Diestelhorst, Bashir M. Al-Hashimi, and Geoff V. Merrett. "Nucleus." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 16, no. 5s (October 10, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3126544.

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3

Diffendall, Gretchen M., and Dr Karen K. Resendes. "The Effect of Increased Intracellular Calcium on the Localization of the Catabolic Subunit of Telomerase, hTERT, in HeLa Cells." Journal of Student Research 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v4i1.197.

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In cancer cells, telomeres are constantly repaired by telomerase allowing them to avoid reaching a critical length where the cell becomes senescent. Overtime, aerobic respiration in the mitochondria can create an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catabolic subunit of telomerase, to exit the nucleus. Without hTERT in the nucleus, telomerase cannot function to repair telomere ends, inducing senescence. One effect of increased ROS production is the activation of calcium channels leading to an increase in intracellular calcium. We attempted to mimic this ROS induced increase in intracellular calcium levels by administering 0.5uM of Thapsigargin to HeLa cells in order to determine if an increase in calcium levels alone would be sufficient to cause hTERT to exit the nucleus. Immunofluorescene was used to visualize fluorescent intensities of hTERT in the nucleus after administration of the drug in conjunction with visualization of Ran as an indicator of functional nuclear transport. We predicted thapsigargin would disrupt nuclear transport and cause hTERT to exit the nucleus. Image J software was used to compare nuclear fluorescence intensities between treated and control cells. Our results indicated that administration of thapsigargin caused a significant decrease in nuclear levels of hTERT in conjunction with decreased nuclear levels of Ran. Our findings could provide a potential method to induce cellular senescence in cancer cells by inducing mislocalization of hTERT and Ran.

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Kitamura, Sho, Keita Kai, Mitsuo Nakamura, Tomokazu Tanaka, Takao Ide, Hirokazu Noshiro, Eisaburo Sueoka, and Shinich Aishima. "Cytological Comparison between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Image Analysis Software Using Touch Smear Samples of Surgically Resected Specimens." Cancers 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 2301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092301.

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To investigate useful cytological features for differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), this study cytologically compared HCC to ICC using image analysis software. Touch smear specimens of surgically resected specimens were obtained from a total of 61 nodules of HCC and 16 of ICC. The results indicated that the major/minor axis ratio of ICC is significantly larger than that of HCC (1.67 ± 0.27 vs. 1.32 ± 0.11, p < 0.0001) in Papanicolaou staining. This result means that the nucleus of HCC is close to round and the nucleus of ICC is close to an oval. This significant difference in the major/minor axis ratio between ICC and HCC was consistently observed by the same analyses using clinical samples of cytology (4 cases of HCC and 13 cases of ICC) such a fine-needle aspiration, brushing and ascites (ICC: 1.45 ± 0.13 vs. HCC: 1.18 ± 0.056, p = 0.004). We also confirmed that nuclear position center-positioned nucleus (p < 0.0001) and granular cytoplasm (p < 0.0001) are typical features of HCC tumor cells compared to ICC tumor cells. The research study found a significant difference in the nuclear morphology of HCC (round shape) and ICC (oval shape) in Papanicolaou-stained cytology specimens. This simple and objective finding will be very useful for the differential cytodiagnosis of HCC and ICC.

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5

Fang, Jie, QingBiao Zhou, and Shuxia Wang. "Segmentation Technology of Nucleus Image Based on U-Net Network." Scientific Programming 2021 (June 10, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1892497.

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To solve the problems of rough edge and poor segmentation accuracy of traditional neural networks in small nucleus image segmentation, a nucleus image segmentation technology based on U-Net network is proposed. First, the U-Net network is used to segment the nucleus image, which stitches the feature images in the channel dimension to achieve feature fusion, and the skip structure is used to combine the low- and high-level features. Then, the subregional average pooling is proposed to improve the global average pooling in the attention module, and an attention channel expansion module is designed to improve the accuracy of image segmentation. Finally, the improved attention module is integrated into the U-Net network to achieve accurate segmentation of the nuclear image. Based on the Python platform, the experimental results show that the proposed segmentation technology can achieve fast convergence, and the mean intersection over union (MIoU) is 85.02%, which is better than other comparison technologies and has a good application prospect.

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6

Gill, David Michael, Neeraj Agarwal, Andrew W. Hahn, Eric Johnson, Austin Poole, Emma Carroll, Kenneth M. Boucher, Mohamed E. Salama, and Archana M. Agarwal. "Impact of circulating tumor cell (CTC) nucleus size on outcomes with abiraterone acetate (AA) therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.253.

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253 Background: CTC enumeration but not CTC morphology has been reported to predict outcomes to treatment in men with mCRPC. Recently Chen JF et. al (Cancer, 2015) showed an association with nuclear size and incidence of visceral disease in metastatic prostate cancer. In this study, we investigate the impact of CTC nucleus size on outcomes in men treated with AA for mCRPC. Methods: In a cohort of men with mCRPC treated with first-line AA, who had CTCs identified by CellSearch (CS) analysis prior to initiating treatment, we retrospectively quantified the nuclear size of CTCs by ImageJ/Fiji 1.46 software and correlated with progression free survival (PFS) on AA. We analyzed with univariate in addition to pre-specified multivariable analysis adjusted for Gleason score and baseline log PSA to assess independent predictive value of CTC nuclear size on PFS. Median PFS was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and p-values were determined from Cox proportional hazards model. Results: 22 men treated with AA for mCRPC were included. Median nucleus size was 23.8 µm. Patients were divided in to 2 cohorts: small nuclear cohort (CTC nucleus size < 23.8 µm) vs large nuclear cohort (CTC nucleus size ≥23.8 µm). There was a non-significant trend towards worsened PFS (5.8 versus 6.8 months) in the larger nuclear size arm (Table). Conclusions: In this cohort of men with CRPC treated with AA, there is a non-significant trend towards decreased PFS associated with larger CTC nucleus size. Data are hypothesis generating and require further interrogation in a larger cohort. [Table: see text]

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7

Sladojevic, Igor, Zdenka Krivokuca, Tatjana Bucma, and Vesna Gajanin. "Quantitative analysis of vascular network of oculogyric nerve nuclei." Medical review 64, no. 3-4 (2011): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1104143s.

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Introduction. Nuclei of oculogyric nerves (principal oculomotor nucleus, trochlear nucleus and abducens nucleus) are densely vascularized brain?stem structures. The aim of this study was to determine quantitative characteristics of the vascular network of these nuclei. Material and methods. The study was done on 30 adult brainstems, both male and female, without diagnosed neurological disturbances. Three-millimetrethick stratums were taken in transversal plane and cut in 0.3 micrometer semi-serial sections stained with Mallory method. The images of studied nuclei were taken with ?Leica? DM 1000 microscope and ?Leica? EC3 digital camera under 400x magnification, and analyzed by ImageJ software with A 100 grid. The statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software with 5% level of significance. Results. A statistically significant difference was found in the volume and surface density between principal oculomotor nucleus and trochlear nucleus, and between trochlear nucleus and abducens nucleus. No difference was found in the length density. Discussion. The results of this research match the results of studies on characteristics of vascular network of oculogyric nerve nuclei, while the comparison of vascular networks of these nuclei, substantia nigra, vestibulocochlear nuclei and precentral gyrus illustrates differences in quantitative characteristics of blood vessels in these structures. Conclusion. Blood vessels of principal oculomotor nucleus and abducens nucleus have similar dimensions and approximately the same arborization pattern, while vessels of trochlear nucleus have significantly smaller dimensions and density.

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8

Grandis, Annamaria, Cristiano Bombardi, Beatrice Travostini, Arcangelo Gentile, Monica Joechler, Luciano Pisoni, and Roberto Chiocchetti. "Vestibular nuclear complex in cattle: Topography, morphology, cytoarchitecture and lumbo-sacral projections." Journal of Vestibular Research 17, no. 1 (September 1, 2007): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2007-17102.

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The topography and the main characteristics of the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) in cattle have been studied in serially transversally cut Nissl and Gles-stained sections. By using computerized image analysis software, the cell size, the maximum and minimum diameter of the neurons of each vestibular nucleus were obtained. These parameters were statistically analyzed by comparing the cell population from different nuclei and different parts of each nucleus. Furthermore, in order to investigate the lumbo-sacral projections, the fluorescent tracer Fast Blue was injected into the L6-S1 spinal cord of three calves. Among the vestibular nuclei, the superior was the least extensive rostro-caudally, the medial was the most extensive and contained the smallest cells, the lateral showed the largest neurons, and the descending nucleus contained cells of intermediate size which decreased in a rostrocaudal direction. Concerning the lumbo-sacral projections of the bovine VNC, the present study showed that only the fibers coming from the lateral vestibular nucleus reached the L6-S1 spinal cord. The labelled neurons were most heavily concentrated in the dorsal portion of this nucleus, but scattered neurons were also observed throughout the entire extension of the nucleus. The differences between the descriptions of cattle and other species were described.

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9

Rao, S. Madusudan, H. J. Sherlin, N. Anuja, R. Pratibha, P. Priya, and T. Chandrasekar. "Morphometry of buccal mucosal cells in fluorosis – A new paradigm." Human & Experimental Toxicology 30, no. 11 (March 15, 2011): 1761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327111400109.

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Study background: Fluorosis is one of the manifestations of chronic poisoning from long-term exposure to high levels of fluoride. An estimated 62 million people in 17 states in India are affected with dental and skeletal fluorosis. Objective: To evaluate the cytological morphology of exfoliated oral mucosal cells among various stages of fluorosis patients compared with controls. Design and methods: Exfoliative cytology PAP-stained smears of 21 cases of fluorosis and 21 controls subjected to morphometric analysis using image Proplus software. For the assessment parameters like maximum and minimum diameter of the nucleus, cell and perimeter of the cell and nucleus were considered. Results: An increase in maximum and minimum diameter of nucleus, perimeter of nucleus and cell in cases when compared to controls. Conclusions: Fluorosis induces oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis which can be the reasons for the increase in the nuclear size and decrease in the cell size. Community dental and medical programmes should be stringently implemented in fluorosis-endemic areas, to create awareness regarding the toxic effects of fluoride to the body, especially within the oro-facial region.

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10

Vijey Aanandhi M and Anbhule Sachin J. "Molecular Modeling Studies of Benzimidazole Nucleus." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 1559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i2.4740.

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For the identification of the lead compounds, a molecular docking tool is used. The little structure, namely Ligand, generally holds together the protein places. It describes a similar approach that utilizes to place over another three-dimensional structure of a probable drug on its prospective object sites. Given that, it was worthwhile to build a virtual library of benzimidazole derivatives to find lead structures to test against C. Albicans. The two-dimensional structure of all planned compounds was drawn by using the current version software and pass on to the software window. The energy of all three-dimensional structures was reduced by Molecular Orbital Package up to Root mean square gradient 0.001 and put aside in MDL Molfile (.Mol) format. To assess the likely potential of the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models, the dataset was split into a training set comprising of 32 molecules and a test set of 8 molecules in such a way that the structural variety and an extensive range of biological action in the specific set were added. The IC50 values were transformed to pIC50 to give numerically larger data values.

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11

Oprea, Cristiana, Mohammad Ayaz Ahmad, Alexandru Ioan Oprea, Jalal H. Baker, and Naima Amrani. "Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms of Neutron Induced Fission of 237Np Nucleus." European Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejest.v4i4.600.

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At FLNP JINR Dubna new prospects for developing new neutron facilities have already been started, that will replace the IBR-2 neutron pulsed research reactor which shut down in the year 2032. Several agreed projects use the fission processes induced by neutrons on neptunium-based fuels. An investigation of the neutron fission process on the 237Np nucleus was conducted in the present research. Several parameters were analyzed during neutron-induced fission of 237Np including the neutron cross-section, mass distributions, prompt neutron emission, isotope production, and neutron spectra. Evaluations of the above observables were conducted using TALYS – 9.1 Software, with incident neutron energies ranging from 0.4 to 25 MeV. The exact value of cross-section was obtained as 5 – 5.5 MeV in the present work, whereas from literature, it was found up to 10 MeV. Neutron spectra were analyzed and separated contributions from different nuclear reaction mechanisms were obtained. Our investigations have revealed some important yields and isotope production cross-sections that were in good agreement with literature data.

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12

Salih, Fitri Hakeem M., Chun Hao Lee, Shahidan Radiman, and Kok Siong Khoo. "Nuclear structure study of two-neutron halo nucleus 19B in microscopic cluster model." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 11 (April 7, 2017): 1750065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317500651.

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The structure nucleus [Formula: see text] is investigated in the Microscopic Cluster Model, using three-body model [Formula: see text]. This model is used to investigate neutron halo features such as binding energy of neutron valence, root-mean-square (rms) of radius and core deformation. All the features are studied in configuration-T and -Y. In this study, theoretical framework is used in the MATLAB software to run the computational calculations. The results are compared with the experimental data.

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13

Lashmanov, N. A., S. A. Sedykh, and V. I. Yurevich. "Study of the trigger on nucleus-nucleus interactions for the BM@N experiment using a Geant4 + QGSM software package." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1439 (January 2020): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1439/1/012004.

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14

Słodkowski, Marcin, Patryk Gawryszewski, Patryk Marcinkowski, Dominik Setniewski, and Joanna Porter-Sobieraj. "Simulations of Energy Losses in the Bulk Nuclear Medium Using Hydrodynamics on the Graphics Cards (GPU)." Proceedings 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019010027.

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We are developing a software for energy loss simulation which is affected by jets in the nuclear matter described by relativistic hydrodynamics. Our program uses a Cartesian coordinate system in order to provide high spatial resolution for the analysis of jets propagation in nuclear matter. In this work, we use 7th order WENO numerical algorithm which is resistant to numerical oscillations and diffusions. For simulating energy losses in the bulk nuclear medium, we develop efficient hydrodynamic simulation program for parallel computing using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). It allows us to prepare event-by-event simulations in high computing precision in order to study jet modifications in the medium and event-by-event simulations of fluctuating initial conditions. In our simulation, we start the hydrodynamic simulation from generation initial condition based on the UrQMD model in order to simulate comparable nucleus-nucleus interaction in the RHIC and LHC energies. The main part of this simulation is the computation of hydrodynamic system evolution. We present obtained energy density distributions which can be compared to experimental results.

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15

Xu, Lina, Yunlei Pan, Shunli Tang, Juan Bai, Yinhua Wu, Jianjun Qiao, and Hong Fang. "Digital Image Analysis-Based Evaluation of Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 Delocalization in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and in Its Precancerous State." Journal of Oncology 2022 (April 6, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2750193.

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Accumulating evidence has revealed that delocalization of the transmembrane proteins, Claudin-1 and Claudin-7, to the cytoplasm and/or nucleus occurs in various tumors. However, their subcellular distribution in terms of the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus and relationship with signaling pathways have not been elucidated during carcinogenesis. We first determined the expression of these proteins in the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus using ImageJ software and automatically collected the immunohistochemical quantification of dysplasia (actinic keratosis (AK)), carcinoma in situ (CIS; Bowen’s disease (BD)), and invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for digital image analysis (DIA). The activity of p-ERK, p-AKT, and p-mTOR and their correlation with subcellular Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 were also performed. Finally, we validated Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 delocalization at the cytoplasm and nucleus in cultured human normal keratinocytes and cutaneous SCC cells. Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 were delocalized as revealed by membranous, cytoplasmic, and nuclear staining in sun-exposed skin, AK, BD, and SCC. In BD, both membranous and cytoplasmic Claudin-1 (nuclear Claudin-1 decrease but no significant difference) were higher than AK, while Claudin-7 almost had the opposite situation. In SCC, cytoplasmic and nuclear Claudin-1 (membranous Claudin-1 no significant difference) was lower than in AK and sun-exposed skin, while Claudin-7 had higher membranous and cytoplasmic but lower nuclear expression. Moreover, p-AKT and p-mTOR (but not p-ERK) were downregulated in the SCC. Subcellular Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 were not only correlated with each other, but also correlated with p-ERK in BD and p-AKT and p-mTOR in SCC. Together, these results imply the delocalization of Claudin-1 and Claudin-7 and their correlation with MAPK/ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways in tumorigenesis and infiltration in cutaneous SCC.

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16

Safi Oz, Zehra, Banu Dogan Gun, and Sukru Oguz Ozdamar. "Evaluation of Micronuclei, Nuclear Anomalies and the Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Ratio of Exfoliated Cervical Epithelial Cells in Genital Candidiasis." Acta Cytologica 59, no. 2 (2015): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381615.

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Objective:Candida is the most common cause of fungal infections. The aim of this study was to fill the gaps in the current knowledge on the frequencies of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies, and the nucleus/cytoplasmic ratio in genital candidiasis. Study Design: A total of 88 Papanicolaou- stained cervical smears, which comprised Candida spp. (n = 44) and control cases with no infectious agent (n = 44), were studied. In each smear, cells with micronuclei and nuclear anomalies were counted in 1,000 epithelial cells and also nuclear and cellular areas were evaluated using image analysis software at a magnification of ×400. Results: The frequencies of micronucleated and binucleated cells and cells with perinuclear halos, and the nucleus/cytoplasmic ratio of epithelial cells were higher in the Candida-infected group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Genital candidiasis is able to induce changes in the size and shape of epithelial cells. The nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and the frequency of micronuclei may reflect the DNA damage in the cervical epithelium. Micronucleus scoring could be used to screen the genomic damage profile of epithelial cells in candidiasis.

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17

Castro, Domingos, Vanessa Nunes, Joana T. Lima, Jorge G. Ferreira, and Paulo Aguiar. "Trackosome: a computational toolbox to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of centrosomes, nuclear envelope and cellular membrane." Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 24 (November 16, 2020): jcs252254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.252254.

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ABSTRACTDuring the initial stages of mitosis, multiple mechanisms drive centrosome separation and positioning. How they are coordinated to promote centrosome migration to opposite sides of the nucleus remains unclear. Here, we present Trackosome, an open-source image analysis software for tracking centrosomes and reconstructing nuclear and cellular membranes, based on volumetric live-imaging data. The toolbox runs in MATLAB and provides a graphical user interface for easy access to the tracking and analysis algorithms. It provides detailed quantification of the spatiotemporal relationships between centrosomes, nuclear envelope and cellular membrane, and can also be used to measure the dynamic fluctuations of the nuclear envelope. These fluctuations are important because they are related to the mechanical forces exerted on the nucleus by its adjacent cytoskeletal structures. Unlike previous algorithms based on circular or elliptical approximations, Trackosome measures membrane movement in a model-free condition, making it viable for irregularly shaped nuclei. Using Trackosome, we demonstrate significant correlations between the movements of the centrosomes, and identify specific oscillation modes of the nuclear envelope. Overall, Trackosome is a powerful tool that can be used to help unravel new elements in the spatiotemporal dynamics of subcellular structures.

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18

Pérez Zaballos, M. T., A. Ramos de Miguel, M. Killian, and A. Ramos Macías. "A Psychophysics experimental software to evaluate electrical pitch discrimination in Nucleus cochlear implanted patients." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 689 (February 2016): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/689/1/012030.

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19

Nair, Rajasree Padmakumari Hemachandran, Rohit Menon, and Ralf Kemkemer. "Generalised Image Processing Method for Quantitative Analysis of Nucleus, Cell and Focal Adhesion Clusters." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2142.

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Abstract Focal adhesion clusters (FAC) are dynamic and complex structures that help cells to sense physicochemical properties of their environment. Research in biomaterials, cell adhesion or cell migration often involves the visualization of FAC by fluorescence staining and microscopy, which necessitates quantitative analysis of FAC and other cell features in microscopy images using image processing. Fluorescence microscopy images of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) obtained at 63x magnification were quantitatively analysed using ImageJ software. A generalised algorithm for selective segmentation and morphological analysis of FAC, nucleus and cell morphology is implemented. Further, a method for discrimination of FAC near the nucleus and around the periphery is implemented using masks. Our algorithm is able to effectively quantify different morphological characteristics of cell components and shows a high sensitivity and specificity while providing a modular software implementation.

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Nowinski, Wieslaw L., Dmitry Belov, Pierre Pollak, and Alim Louis Benabid. "A Probabilistic Functional Atlas ofthe Human Subthalamic Nucleus." Neuroinformatics 2, no. 4 (2004): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ni:2:4:381.

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21

Oprea, C., M. A. Ahmad, J. H. Baker, and A. I. Oprea. "Mathematical Modeling of Neutron Induced Fission of 237Np Nucleus." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 67, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe67.1.11.

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Recent progress of applied and fundamental researches in nuclear physics necessitates new neutron sources with highly improved intensity. For a few years at JINR (Dubna) the development of new neutron facilities that will replace the IBR-2 neutron pulsed research reactor, which will finish its activities in 2032, is carried on. Some projects use the fission process induced by neutrons in neptunium-based fuels. In the present research, we will study the neutron-induced fission of 237Np nucleus. The cross-section, mass distribution, yields of isotopes of interest, average number of emitted prompt neutrons, neutron fission spectra, and other parameters are obtained. The mathematical modeling is done partially by using the theoretical models implemented in Talys software (TALYS-1.2) and by computer codes realized by the authors. The presented results are compared with the available data and are of interest in the JINR projects for the design of new neutron facilities destined for researches.

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22

Nikparast, Farzaneh, Ali Shoeibi, Shabnam Niroumand, Hossein Akbari-Lalimi, and Hoda Zare. "Application of Nobel QSM technique in MRI for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: What is the relationship between iron deposits in brain nuclei with age and severity of disorders?" Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 45, no. 2 (April 18, 2023): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mj.2023.021.

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Background. Iron deposits impair neurons and cause cognitive disorders through different pathways. Today, with the help of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), iron accumulations in different brain areas can be evaluated and measured.This research aims to identify the changes of iron deposits in the brain nuclei in different stages of cognitive disorders using the QSM technique and introduces biomarkers for the early diagnosis of these disorders. Methods. The data of thirty-five participants with normal cognitive conditions and forty six patients with cognitive disorders, classified into four different groups based on the severity of the disorder, were downloaded from the ADNI database. After determining the regions (ROIs) with the FSL automatic segmentation tool, the mean QSM values of twelve brain nuclei were determined with the help of Slicer software, and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results. There was an inverse correlation in the left putamen nucleus of LMCI group (P=0.041). Direct correlation between age variable and QSM values of the left putamen nucleus (P=0.000078) and right putamen nucleus (P=0.000017) of the control group were reported. Conclusion. As the severity of disorders increases in the LMCI group, the number of paramagnetic deposits, such as iron, in the left putamen nucleus increases. Therefore, the QSM values of the left putamen nucleus can be used as an indicator of the severity of the disorder in the advanced stages of cognitive disorders. Practical Implications. Iron deposits cause damage to neurons and cause cognitive disorders through various pathways. Today, with the help of the quantitative susceptibility mapping technique, the numeral of iron accumulations in different brain areas can be evaluated and measured. This research aims to identify the changes of iron deposits in the brain nuclei in different stages of cognitive disorders by using the Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique to introduce biomarkers for early diagnosis of these disorders.

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23

Behan, Mary, Adam E. Moeser, Cathy F. Thomas, John A. Russell, Hao Wang, Glen E. Leverson, and Nadine P. Connor. "The Effect of Tongue Exercise on Serotonergic Input to the Hypoglossal Nucleus in Young and Old Rats." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 55, no. 3 (June 2012): 919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2011/11-0091).

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Purpose Breathing and swallowing problems affect elderly people and may be related to age-associated tongue dysfunction. Hypoglossal motoneurons that innervate the tongue receive a robust, excitatory serotonergic (5HT) input and may be affected by aging. We used a rat model of aging and progressive resistance tongue exercise to determine whether age-related alterations in 5HT inputs to the hypoglossal nucleus can be modified. We hypothesized that tongue forces would increase with exercise, 5HT input to the tongue would decrease with age, and tongue exercise would augment 5HT input to the hypoglossal nucleus. Method Young (9–10 months), middle-aged (24–25 months), and old (32–33 months) male F344/BN rats received tongue exercise for 8 weeks. Immunoreactivity for 5HT was measured in digital images of sections through the hypoglossal nucleus using ImageJ software. Results Tongue exercise resulted in increased maximum tongue forces at all ages. There was a statistically significant increase in 5HT immunoreactivity in the hypoglossal nucleus in exercised, young rats but only in the caudal third of the nucleus and primarily in the ventral half. Conclusion Specificity found in serotonergic input following exercise may reflect the topographic organization of motoneurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and the tongue muscles engaged in the exercise paradigm.

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24

Fuchi, Kazuhiro. "The nucleus of future computing." New Generation Computing 7, no. 1 (December 1989): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03037505.

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25

Castrillon, Jeronimo, Stefan Schürmans, Anastasia Stulova, Weihua Sheng, Torsten Kempf, Rainer Leupers, Gerd Ascheid, and Heinrich Meyr. "Component-based waveform development: the Nucleus tool flow for efficient and portable software defined radio." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 69, no. 2-3 (June 28, 2011): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-011-9670-1.

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Das, Dev Kumar, Subhranil Koley, Surajit Bose, Asok Kumar Maiti, Bhaskar Mitra, Gopeswar Mukherjee, and Pranab Kumar Dutta. "Computer aided tool for automatic detection and delineation of nucleus from oral histopathology images for OSCC screening." Applied Soft Computing 83 (October 2019): 105642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105642.

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Friedrich, Tiemo, Martha Anna Schalla, Miriam Goebel-Stengel, Peter Kobelt, Matthias Rose, and Andreas Stengel. "Inflammatory Stress Induced by Intraperitoneal Injection of LPS Increases Phoenixin Expression and Activity in Distinct Rat Brain Nuclei." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020135.

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Due to phoenixin’s role in restraint stress and glucocorticoid stress, as well as its recently shown effects on the inflammasome, we aimed to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory stress on the activity of brain nuclei-expressing phoenixin. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 6/group) were intraperitoneally injected with either LPS or control (saline). Brains were processed for c-Fos and phoenixin immunohistochemistry and the resulting slides were evaluated using ImageJ software. c-Fos was counted and phoenixin was evaluated using densitometry. LPS stress significantly increased c-Fos expression in the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeM, 7.2-fold), supraoptic nucleus (SON, 34.8 ± 17.3 vs. 0.0 ± 0.0), arcuate nucleus (Arc, 4.9-fold), raphe pallidus (RPa, 5.1-fold), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSt, 5.9-fold), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMN, 89-fold), and medial part of the nucleus of the solitary tract (mNTS, 121-fold) compared to the control-injected group (p < 0.05). Phoenixin expression also significantly increased in the CeM (1.2-fold), SON (1.5-fold), RPa (1.3-fold), DMN (1.3-fold), and mNTS (1.9-fold, p < 0.05), leading to a positive correlation between c-Fos and phoenixin in the RPa, BSt, and mNTS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LPS stress induces a significant increase in activity in phoenixin immunoreactive brain nuclei that is distinctively different from restraint stress.

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Buckle, Adam, Nick Gilbert, Davide Marenduzzo, and Chris A. Brackley. "capC-MAP: software for analysis of Capture-C data." Bioinformatics 35, no. 22 (June 7, 2019): 4773–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz480.

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Abstract Summary Capture-C is a member of the chromosome-conformation-capture family of experimental methods which probes the 3D organization of chromosomes within the cell nucleus. It provides high-resolution information on the genome-wide chromatin interactions from a set of ‘target’ genomic locations, and is growing in popularity as a tool for improving our understanding of cis-regulation and gene function. Yet, analysis of the data is complicated, and to date there has been no dedicated or easy-to-use software to automate the process. We present capC-MAP, a software package for the analysis of Capture-C data. Availability and implementation Implemented with both ease of use and flexibility in mind, capC-MAP is a suit of programs written in C++ and Python, where each program can be run separately, or an entire analysis can be performed with a single command line. It is available under an open-source licence at https://github.com/cbrackley/capC-MAP, as well as via the conda package manager, and should run on any standard Unix-style system. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Henriquez, Maria A., Josefina A. Mejías, Mirel Rincon, Luis Izquierdo, and Perry S. Binder. "Correlation between lens thickness and lens density in patients with mild to moderate cataracts." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 10 (January 16, 2020): 1350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314171.

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PurposeTo determine the relationships between lens thickness (LT), lens density and anterior segment parameters in patients with mild to moderate cataracts.SettingOftalmosalud Instituto de Ojos, Lima, Perú.DesignProspective, single-centre, cross-sectional study.Methods169 eyes with age-related mild to moderate cataracts had lens density assessed using the Lens Opacification Classification System III, the built-in Pentacam HR Nucleus Staging software and ImageJ software. LT and axial length (AL) were measured with the IOLMaster 700, and angle parameters were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Pearson correlation coefficients and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses.ResultsNuclear colour score was the only clinical parameter with a weak significant correlation with LT (r=0.24, p=0.003) after accounting for age, AL, gender and anterior chamber depth (ACD). The maximum value of average lens density and the mean nuclear density were significantly correlated with LT (r=0.24, p=0.003 and −0.17, p=0.03, respectively) after controlling for the same factors. Central LT greater than 4.48 mm was present in 54.5% of the eyes with a nuclear opalescence grade 1.ConclusionsLT is independent of lens density in mild to moderate cataracts after accounting for age, AL, ACD and gender contrary to previous studies.

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Cao, Frédéric, and Ronan Fablet. "Automatic morphological detection of otolith nucleus." Pattern Recognition Letters 27, no. 6 (April 2006): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2005.10.004.

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Shen, Hua Dong, and Xin Hua Xiao. "The Software Design of a Gas-Liquid Separation and Metering System." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5286.

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On many occasions, gas phase and liquid phase of original mixture needed to be measured in the processes of petroleum, chemical, natural gas and other industry. A system of gas-liquid separation and metering were studied deeply in this paper. Kingview was taken as the software of the system. It realized dynamic show of the system state and generated various reports. Three of the functional modules were mainly introduced in the software design. The nucleus part of the system was the PID module. Its function was to regulate the aperture of the valve properly. The interface design of supervisory and report management is also described in detail. The testing on the spot has proved that system function and accuracy can meet the needs completely. The system has the characteristics of reasonable structure and stable performance. It provided a better solution to the means of gas-liquid separation.

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Sapna, S., and A. Renuka. "Computer-aided system for Leukocyte nucleus segmentation and Leukocyte classification based on nucleus characteristics." International Journal of Computers and Applications 42, no. 6 (February 12, 2020): 622–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1206212x.2020.1726013.

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33

MARTIN, JOHN, NAOKI KOGO, TIAN XING FAN, and MICHAEL ARIEL. "Morphology of the turtle accessory optic system." Visual Neuroscience 20, no. 6 (November 2003): 639–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523803206064.

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Neural signals of the moving visual world are detected by a subclass of retinal ganglion cells that project to the accessory optic system in the vertebrate brainstem. We studied the dendritic morphologies and direction tuning of these brainstem neurons in turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) to understand their role in visual processing. Full-field checkerboard patterns were drifted on the contralateral retina while whole-cell recordings were made in the basal optic nucleus in an intact brainstem preparation in vitro. Neurobiotin diffused into the neurons during the recording and was subsequently localized in brain sections. Neuronal morphologies were traced using appropriate computer software to analyze their position in the brainstem. Most labeled neurons were fusiform in shape and had numerous varicosities along their processes. The majority of dendritic trees spread out in a transverse plane perpendicular to the rostrocaudal axis of the nucleus. Neurons near the brainstem surface were often oriented tangential to that surface, whereas more cells at the dorsal side of the nucleus were oriented radial to the brainstem surface. Further analysis of Nissl-stained neurons revealed the largest neurons are located in the rostral and medial portions of the nucleus although neurons are most densely packed in the middle of the nucleus. The preferred directions of the visual responses of the neurons in this sample did not correlate with their morphology and position in the nucleus. Therefore, the morphology of the cells in the turtle accessory optic system appears dependent on its position within the nucleus while its visual responses may depend on the synaptic inputs that contact each cell.

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Thompson, John A., Salam Oukal, Hagai Bergman, Steven Ojemann, Adam O. Hebb, Sara Hanrahan, Zvi Israel, and Aviva Abosch. "Semi-automated application for estimating subthalamic nucleus boundaries and optimal target selection for deep brain stimulation implantation surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 130, no. 4 (April 2019): 1224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.12.jns171964.

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OBJECTIVEDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become standard care for the surgical treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Reliable interpretation of microelectrode recording (MER) data, used to guide DBS implantation surgery, requires expert electrophysiological evaluation. Recent efforts have endeavored to use electrophysiological signals for automatic detection of relevant brain structures and optimal implant target location.The authors conducted an observational case-control study to evaluate a software package implemented on an electrophysiological recording system to provide online objective estimates for entry into and exit from the STN. In addition, they evaluated the accuracy of the software in selecting electrode track and depth for DBS implantation into STN, which relied on detecting changes in spectrum activity.METHODSData were retrospectively collected from 105 MER-guided STN-DBS surgeries (4 experienced neurosurgeons; 3 sites), in which estimates for entry into and exit from the STN, DBS track selection, and implant depth were compared post hoc between those determined by the software and those determined by the implanting neurosurgeon/neurophysiologist during surgery.RESULTSThis multicenter study revealed submillimetric agreement between surgeon/neurophysiologist and software for entry into and exit out of the STN as well as optimal DBS implant depth.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study demonstrate that the software can reliably and accurately estimate entry into and exit from the STN and select the track corresponding to ultimate DBS implantation.

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Sinn, H. P. "A program nucleus for encoding and decoding calendar dates." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 23, no. 3 (December 1986): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(86)90066-0.

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36

Sawhney, Rahul, Shilpi Sharma, Purvit Vashishtha, Arun Kothari, Vibhu Gupta, and Tanupriya Choudhury. "An Efficient Deep Neural Framework for Nucleus Semantic Segmentation with Enhanced U-Net." Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle 36, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ria.360316.

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With the advancement of medicine, there is a terrific requirement to process an increasing number of medical imaging where image segmentation comes into play. Single cell division is generally among the first as well as most essential tasks in image-based cell analysis. The identification of the nuclei allows pathologists to determine each cell in the sample, and by measuring how cells respond to various treatments, they can comprehend the fundamental biological processes in work. In this paper we gathered a deep learning network which detects and parts the cell microscopy image. Highly advanced performance is achieved in image segmentation tasks through deep learning-based techniques. These procedures are complex and need the support of compelling computational resources. This paper emphasizes the basic principles of the methods used to segment an image. We have implemented U-Net for the semantic segmentation of nucleus. A successful implementation will aid researchers immensely in their fight to find pharmaceutical solutions to medical crises while saving both valuable research time and funding.

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Wang, Yuanyuan, Pengfei Jia, Weidong Yang, Kai Peng, and Sixiang Zhang. "Simulation and experimental study of binder droplet infiltration in 3DP technology." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 23 (August 17, 2018): 1850272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491850272x.

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The purpose of this paper is to lessen the deviation of printing and to predict the nucleus size of binder droplet infiltration in three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology. The industrial CT is used to scan powders and the parameters of materials are calculated. A spherical model, which is based on the data from industrial CT scanning, predicts the nucleus size. The radius of the sphere is equal to the average radius of the sand particles. The spreading radius of binder droplet on the material is obtained by using the experimental method, and then the nucleus size is calculated by the equations. In order to do research on the process of droplet infiltration more intuitively, we analyze the effects of contact angle, porosity and drop height on the infiltration by using the software Comsol in the simulation. To verify the results of the simulation, the processes of infiltration are recorded by the high-speed digital video camera, and the nucleus size is observed by electron microscope. The study is important to conduct the infiltration experiments and provides a theoretical basis for optimization of process parameters in practical application.

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LIN, CHUEN-HORNG, and CHUN-CHIEH CHEN. "IMAGE SEGMENTATION BASED ON EDGE DETECTION AND REGION GROWING FOR THINPREP-CERVICAL SMEAR." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 07 (November 2010): 1061–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001410008305.

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This study has developed an object detection and segmentation technique for processing cytoplasm and cell nucleus on ThinPrep-cervical smear images at various magnifications. Both edge detection techniques and region growing for adaptive threshold were applied to a segment cell nucleus, a cytoplasm, and backgrounds using a cervical cell image. To validate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method, we took a variety of cervical cell images to perform a series of experiments. The images were of superficial cells, intermediate cells, and abnormal cells, with each taken from ThinPrep smears at various magnifications. The results indicate that the proposed method can automatically segment cell nucleus and cytoplasm regions while accurately extracting object contours. These results can serve as a reference for examiners of cell pathologies.

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Sönmez, Ö., and O. Karaman. "Investigation of level density parameter dependence for some 233U, 235U, 237U, 239U, 249Cf, 251Cf, 237Pu and 247Cm nuclei in neutron fission cross sections with the incident energy up to 20 MeV." Kerntechnik 86, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2020-0086.

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Abstract Level density models have increasing importance to gain more in-depth into the nature of nuclear reactions. Many novel and advanced medical application use radioisotopes, which are produced with nuclear reactions. In this study, the effect of the level density parameters of the nucleus on the cross sections of neutron-fission reactions for 233U, 235U, 237U, 239U, 249Cf, 251Cf, 237Pu and 247Cm nuclei were investigated for up to 20 MeV neutrons. TALYS 1.8 software was used to calculate the cross-sections of neutron-fission reactions for different level density parameters. The calculations were compared with the EXFOR nuclear data library and the level density parameters, and the closest fit were searched. As outputs of the study, the effect of selection of level density parameter on cross section calculations was observed. The theoretically obtained data were compared with the experimental data taken from the literature. The results are presented graphically for better interpretation.

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40

Kumar, Neeraj, Ruchika Verma, Deepak Anand, Yanning Zhou, Omer Fahri Onder, Efstratios Tsougenis, Hao Chen, et al. "A Multi-Organ Nucleus Segmentation Challenge." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 39, no. 5 (May 2020): 1380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2947628.

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41

Hu, Min. "Cell Nucleus Segmentation Based on Fuzzy Growing Snake." Journal of Computer Research and Development 43, no. 9 (2006): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/crad20060907.

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42

Dumba, Braulio, and Zhi-Li Zhang. "Uncovering the nucleus of a massive reciprocal network." World Wide Web 22, no. 6 (June 14, 2018): 3021–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11280-018-0609-7.

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43

Fatimah, Siti Noor, A. Suparmi, C. Cari, and Isnaini Lilis Elviyanti. "Analytical solution of the Bohr-Mottelson equation in minimal length effect for cotangent hyperbolic potential using the hypergeometric method." Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v2i1.28998.

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The rigid deformed nucleus of minimal length effect is investigated using the Bohr-Mottelson equation that influenced by cotangent hyperbolic potential. The Bohr-Mottelson equation in effect a minimum length resolved hypergeometric method for determining the energy spectrum and the wave functions. Energy spectrum was calculated using Matlab software and the wave function is displayed in the form of hypergeometric.

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44

Caicedo, Juan C., Allen Goodman, Kyle W. Karhohs, Beth A. Cimini, Jeanelle Ackerman, Marzieh Haghighi, CherKeng Heng, et al. "Nucleus segmentation across imaging experiments: the 2018 Data Science Bowl." Nature Methods 16, no. 12 (October 21, 2019): 1247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0612-7.

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Abstract Segmenting the nuclei of cells in microscopy images is often the first step in the quantitative analysis of imaging data for biological and biomedical applications. Many bioimage analysis tools can segment nuclei in images but need to be selected and configured for every experiment. The 2018 Data Science Bowl attracted 3,891 teams worldwide to make the first attempt to build a segmentation method that could be applied to any two-dimensional light microscopy image of stained nuclei across experiments, with no human interaction. Top participants in the challenge succeeded in this task, developing deep-learning-based models that identified cell nuclei across many image types and experimental conditions without the need to manually adjust segmentation parameters. This represents an important step toward configuration-free bioimage analysis software tools.

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45

Grigoriev, S. A., and B. A. Mohammad. "Digitizing cadastral maps in the Syrian Arab Republic using the ArcGIS software." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 10 (September 5, 2022): 677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2210-08.

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Under conditions of prolonged daylight cotton forms a powerful vegetative mass. This slows down the ripening of the pods, which is a signifi cant prerequisite for the use of honey bees in the pollination of this crop. During the season in the cotton-growing zone in the Republic of Uzbekistan bees are transported from six to ten times in special pavilions from one fi eld to another. At the same time cross–pollination increases the yield of cotton crops by two to three times. Cotton honey has a number of distinctive characteristics associated with the presence of essential oil, which gives it special biochemical properties. In 100 g of cotton honey carbohydrates account for up to 80,0 %, less than 1,0 % of proteins in the complete absence of fats. Despite this biochemical composition cotton honey crystallizes. The purpose of the research was to study the interior indicators of the organism of bees during the wintering of bee nucleus on cotton, fl ower and sugar honey under the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Experiments have been carried out on fi ve varieties of honey used for wintering of bees including cotton honey. It has been shown that the highest levels of interior indicators at the beginning and end of wintering were recorded when using fl ower honey (the 1st control group), both with the option of forming nucleus in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and in particular in 3 spaces between honeycombs. Here, the preservation of the reserve substances of the fat body in bees was 3,15 points in 2 spaces between honeycombs, and 3,50 points in 3 spaces between honeycombs, compared with the beginning of wintering the decrease was 21,25 and 12,50 %. At the same time the safety of nitrogen, fat and dry matter in the body of working bees of the described group was also high. In the variants with cotton honey (the 2nd experimental group) the decrease was 3,27 and 3,29 times in nitrogen, 1,93 and 1,9 times in fat, 2,22 and 2,12 times in dry matter, respectively. Despite the fact that sugar honey is poor in chemical elements needed by the body of worker bees, it does not crystallize, and its carbohydrates performing an energetic and plastic function, save bees from starvation during the critical period of wintering.

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Garg, Anjali, Neelja Singhal, Ravindra Kumar, and Manish Kumar. "mRNALoc: a novel machine-learning based in-silico tool to predict mRNA subcellular localization." Nucleic Acids Research 48, W1 (May 18, 2020): W239—W243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa385.

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Abstract Recent evidences suggest that the localization of mRNAs near the subcellular compartment of the translated proteins is a more robust cellular tool, which optimizes protein expression, post-transcriptionally. Retention of mRNA in the nucleus can regulate the amount of protein translated from each mRNA, thus allowing a tight temporal regulation of translation or buffering of protein levels from bursty transcription. Besides, mRNA localization performs a variety of additional roles like long-distance signaling, facilitating assembly of protein complexes and coordination of developmental processes. Here, we describe a novel machine-learning based tool, mRNALoc, to predict five sub-cellular locations of eukaryotic mRNAs using cDNA/mRNA sequences. During five fold cross-validations, the maximum overall accuracy was 65.19, 75.36, 67.10, 99.70 and 73.59% for the extracellular region, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus, respectively. Assessment on independent datasets revealed the prediction accuracies of 58.10, 69.23, 64.55, 96.88 and 69.35% for extracellular region, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus, respectively. The corresponding values of AUC were 0.76, 0.75, 0.70, 0.98 and 0.74 for the extracellular region, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus, respectively. The mRNALoc standalone software and web-server are freely available for academic use under GNU GPL at http://proteininformatics.org/mkumar/mrnaloc.

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47

Jiménez-González, Ogalla-García, García-Quintanilla, and García-Quintanilla. "Deciphering GRINA/Lifeguard1: Nuclear Location, Ca2+ Homeostasis and Vesicle Transport." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20164005.

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The Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic NMDA-Associated Protein 1 (GRINA) belongs to the Lifeguard family and is involved in calcium homeostasis, which governs key processes, such as cell survival or the release of neurotransmitters. GRINA is mainly associated with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endosome, and the cell surface, but its presence in the nucleus has not been explained yet. Here we dissect, with the help of different software tools, the potential roles of GRINA in the cell and how they may be altered in diseases, such as schizophrenia or celiac disease. We describe for the first time that the cytoplasmic N-terminal half of GRINA (which spans a Proline-rich domain) contains a potential DNA-binding sequence, in addition to cleavage target sites and probable PY-nuclear localization sequences, that may enable it to be released from the rest of the protein and enter the nucleus under suitable conditions, where it could participate in the transcription, alternative splicing, and mRNA export of a subset of genes likely involved in lipid and sterol synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, or cell cycle progression. To support these findings, we include additional evidence based on an exhaustive review of the literature and our preliminary data of the protein–protein interaction network of GRINA.

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48

Kena, Eshetu Diriba, and Gashaw Bekele Adera. "Solving the Dirac equation in central potential for muonic hydrogen atom with point-like nucleus." Journal of Physics Communications 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 105018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac2fbc.

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Abstract Muon has properties very similar to an electron. For this reason, it is possible to replace one of the electrons in an atom by a muon to form a muonic atom. The main purpose of this study is to calculate the energy eigenvalues and to study the probability density of muonic hydrogen with point like nucleus. Numerical results have generated using Matlab software programming language. The reduced mass of muon has been used in order to correct the error incurred by the assumption that the nucleus of muonic hydrogen is point-like which in turn gives it an infinite mass. The energy eigenvalues for different states have been calculated using the rest and reduced masses of muon, and the result have been tabulated. According to these results, the relativistic quantum description is not responsible for the lamb shift. The Probability density shows that muon is much more likely to be found near the nucleus of hydrogen atom for the ground state when compared with the excited states.

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49

Cloppet, F., and A. Boucher. "Segmentation of complex nucleus configurations in biological images." Pattern Recognition Letters 31, no. 8 (June 2010): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2010.01.022.

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50

Kaushik, Dharam, Hanzhang Wang, Keith A. Ashcraft, Alia Nazarullah, Michael A. Liss, Deepak Pruthi, Ahmed Mansour, et al. "The association of NOX4 mediated nuclear colocalization and overall survival in renal cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2019): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.639.

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639 Background: NOX4 protein are involved in cell differentiation, migration and apoptosis. We recently demonstrated that NOX4 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an energetic sensor and couples energy metabolism to drug-resistance. In this study we demonstrate that enhanced nuclear localization of NOX4 is correlated with poor survival. Methods: We identified 350 RCC patients with (n = 85) and without (n = 265) venous tumor thrombus (VTT) who underwent radical nephrectomy with or without thrombectomy at our institution between 2013-2016. Fifty patients with RCC and VTT were matched 1:1 to patients with RCC and no VTT. Tissue Microarray (TMA) consisting of primary renal tumor, adjacent renal tumor and VTT were created. These matched TMA (n = 174) were stained with NOX4 antibodies; scanned using the Aperio scanning system and analyzed with the ImageScope software. The RCC nucleus was evaluated for roundness, elongation and size. NOX4 nuclear staining was categorized based on intensity as either strong positive, moderate, weak or no localization. Differential protein expression between the primary tumor, adjacent normal parenchyma and VTT was assessed using the Chi-squared test or t-test. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall-survival (OS), stratified by NOX4 staining intensity, was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Cox regression model was used to investigate effect of NOX4 staining on survival in multivariate analyses. Results: NOX4 nuclear colocalization was higher in patients who had progression and death from RCC. On univariate analysis, the intensity of NOX4 protein expression in the nucleus was significantly associated with PFS (HR 1.67, 95%CI (1.08-2.57; p = 0.02) and OS (HR 2.31, 95%CI (1.26-4.24; p = 0.007). On multivariate analyses the association between NOX4 protein expression and OS remains statistical significance (HR 2.09, 95%CI (1.05-4.18, p = 0.037). Conclusions: We provide evidence that in high grade/high stage cancer, NOX4 is colocalized within the nucleus of RCC. The prognostic role of NOX4 was determined at the protein level. We provide rationale for further investigation of NOX4, which may serve as a checkpoint in RCC.

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