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Vangal, Sriram, Somnath Paul, Steven Hsu, Amit Agarwal, Ram Krishnamurthy, James Tschanz, and Vivek De. "Near-Threshold Voltage Design Techniques for Heterogenous Manycore System-on-Chips." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 10, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea10020016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aggressive power supply scaling into the near-threshold voltage (NTV) region holds great potential for applications with strict energy budgets, since the energy efficiency peaks as the supply voltage approaches the threshold voltage (VT) of the CMOS transistors. The improved silicon energy efficiency promises to fit more cores in a given power envelope. As a result, many-core Near-threshold computing (NTC) has emerged as an attractive paradigm. Realizing energy-efficient heterogenous system on chips (SoCs) necessitates key NTV-optimized ingredients, recipes and IP blocks; including CPUs, graphic vector engines, interconnect fabrics and mm-scale microcontroller (MCU) designs. We discuss application of NTV design techniques, necessary for reliable operation over a wide supply voltage range—from nominal down to the NTV regime, and for a variety of IPs. Evaluation results spanning Intel’s 32-, 22- and 14-nm CMOS technologies across four test chips are presented, confirming substantial energy benefits that scale well with Moore’s law.
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Buchholz, R., S. V. Kasilov, W. Kernbichler, L. Grabenwarter, A. A. Savchenko, and C. G. Albert. "Account of non-standard orbits in computations of neoclassical toroidal viscous torque in the resonant plateau regime of a tokamak." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2397, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2397/1/012012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article extends theoretical details based on a short paper originally submitted to the 2022 EPS conference in plasma physics [1]. The quasilinear theory of resonant transport regimes in a tokamak is developed for the general case of orbits forming various classes separated in phase space by homoclinic orbits with infinite bounce time. Beyond standard orbits (banana and passing orbits) also all types of non-standard orbits (e.g. “potato” orbits) are taken into account. In case of a weak radial electric field, such orbits are usually present only near the magnetic axis. If the radial electric field cannot be treated as weak, there can be arbitrary many classes, located elsewhere. The present approach covers all such cases and is demonstrated on a specific example of a radial electric field profile. The resulting quasilinear kinetic equation is applicable to compute neoclassical toroidal viscous (NTV) torque in a tokamak with non-axisymmetric magnetic field perturbations. A fully non-local approach to NTV computation has been realized in the upgraded version of the code NEO-RT. Based on a generalization of magnetic flux surfaces to drift surfaces, the notion of a local thermodynamic equilibrium is extended for our purpose. We obtain an expression for the integral toroidal torque within a chosen flux surface and dicuss means to compute such integrals taking singularities in bounce and precession frequencies into account.
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Pennings, Jeroen L. A., Johannes W. J. M. Cremers, Mark J. A. Becker, Walther N. M. Klerx, and Reinskje Talhout. "Aldehyde and Volatile Organic Compound Yields in Commercial Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Are Mutually Related and Depend on the Sugar and Humectant Content in Tobacco." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 10 (November 4, 2019): 1748–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco control recognizes the need for tobacco product regulation. In line with that, the WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg) proposed to regulate nine toxicants in mainstream cigarette smoke, including aldehydes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). We analyzed their relations in 50 commercially available cigarette brands, using two different smoking regimes, and their dependence on sugar and humectant concentrations in tobacco filler. Methods We measured sugar and humectant in tobacco filler and aldehydes, VOCs, and tar, nicotine, and CO (TNCO) in mainstream smoke. The general statistics, correlations between emission yields, and correlations between contents and emissions yields were determined for these data. Results For aldehydes, several significant correlations were found with precursor ingredients in unburnt tobacco when smoked with the Intense regime, most prominently for formaldehyde with sucrose, glucose, total sugars, and glycerol. For VOCs, 2,5-dimethylfuran significantly correlates with several sugars under both International Standards Organization (ISO) and Intense smoking conditions. A correlation network visualization shows connectivity between a sugar cluster, an ISO cluster, and an Intense cluster, with Intense formaldehyde as a central highest connected hub. Conclusions Our multivariate analysis showed several strong connections between the compounds determined. The toxicants proposed by WHO, in particular, formaldehyde, can be used to monitor yields of other toxicants under Intense conditions. Emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and 2,5-dimethylfuran may decrease when sugar and humectants contents are lowered in tobacco filler. Implications Our findings suggest that the aldehydes and VOCs proposed by TobReg are a representative selection for smoke component market monitoring purposes. In particular, formaldehyde yields may be useful to monitor emissions of other toxicants under Intense conditions. Since the most and strongest correlations were observed with the Intense regime, policymakers are advised to prescribe this regime for regulatory purposes. Policymakers should also consider sugars and humectants contents as targets for future tobacco product regulations, with the additional advantage that consumer acceptance of cigarette smoke is proportional to their concentrations in the tobacco blend.
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Antelo, Raúl. "Estudos da cultura e regime estético: posições e oposições." Nuevo Texto Crítico 13, no. 25-28 (2000): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ntc.2000.0017.
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Bucovetsky, Sam, and Andreas Haufler. "Preferential Tax Regimes with Asymmetric Countries." National Tax Journal 60, no. 4 (December 2007): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2007.4.06.
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Provencher, Louis, Jeff Campbell, and Jan Nachlinger. "Implementation of mid-scale fire regime condition class mapping." International Journal of Wildland Fire 17, no. 3 (2008): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf07066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We used mid-scale Fire Regime Condition Class (FRCC) mapping to provide Hawthorne Army Depot in the Mount Grant area of Nevada, USA, with data layers to plan fuels restoration projects to meet resource management goals. FRCC mapping computes an index of the departure of existing conditions from the natural range of variability, and consists of five primary steps: (1) mapping the Potential Natural Vegetation Types (PNVT) based on interpretation of a soil survey; (2) refining PNVTs based on additional information; (3) modelling the natural range of variability (NRV) per PNVT; (4) using field verification, calculation and mapping of departure of current distribution of structural vegetation classes interpreted by remote sensing (IKONOS 4-m resolution satellite imagery) from the NRV; and (5) mapping structural vegetation classes that differ from reference conditions. Pinyon–juniper and mountain mahogany woodlands were found within the NRV, whereas departure increased from moderate for low and big sagebrush PNVTs and mixed desert shrub to high for riparian mountain meadow. Several PNVTs showed departures that were close to FRCC class limits. The common recommendation to reach the NRV was to decrease the percentage of late-development closed and cheatgrass-dominant classes, thus increasing the percentage of early and mid-development classes.
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Keen, Michael. "Preferential Regimes Can Make Tax Competition Less Harmful." National Tax Journal 54, no. 4 (December 2001): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2001.4.04.
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Gordon, Robert N., David Joulfaian, and James M. Poterba. "Choosing Between an Estate Tax and a Basis Carryover Regime: Evidence from 2010." National Tax Journal 69, no. 4 (December 2016): 981–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2016.4.12.
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Folmann, William Tomaz, Gabriel de Magalhães Miranda, Andrea Nogueira Dias, Fernando de Camargo Moro, and Maria Laura Quevedo Fernandez. "VIABILIDADE DE PROJETOS FLORESTAIS EM TRÊS REGIMES DE MANEJO NA MESORREGIÃO CENTRO-ORIENTAL DO PARANÁ." FLORESTA 44, no. 1 (October 16, 2013): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v44i1.30096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica de projetos florestais de Pinus taeda L. com base em dados de uma empresa florestal localizada no estado do Paraná. A análise de rentabilidade foi feita contemplando oito projetos, subdivididos em três diferentes regimes de manejo, localizados na mesorregião centro-oriental do Paraná. A viabilidade econômica foi avaliada por meio de Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), Valor Periódico Equivalente (VPE) e Valor Esperado da Terra (VET), calculados com base no fluxo de caixa de cada projeto, utilizando-se a taxa de juros real de 6,75% ao ano. Os volumes utilizados foram obtidos de acordo com os sortimentos adotados para a espécie no Paraná, e os custos foram obtidos junto ao setor de planejamento da empresa. Os preços de venda da madeira em pé utilizados na análise foram oriundos do preço médio de mercado no estado, de acordo com o sortimento. O regime de manejo que apresentou melhores resultados foi o multiple use, com VPL de R$ 2.606,32; TIR de 10,2%; VPE de R$ 241,26 e VET de R$ 4.193,39.Palavras-chave: Rentabilidade; economia florestal; indicadores de viabilidade econômica. AbstractViability of forest projects in three management regime in the center-oriental region of Parana State. The objective of this research was to analyze the economic viability of the forest projects of Pinus taeda based on data from a forest enterprise located on the Parana State. The profit analyze was developed contemplating eight projects, subdivided in three different management regime, located in the Center-Oriental region of the Parana State. The economic viability was evaluated based on the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Return Rate (IRR), Periodic Equivalent Value (PEV) and the Soil Expected Value (SEV), determined by cash flow, with a real interest rate of 6.75% per year. The volumes used were described based on assortment used for the species in Paraná, and the costs were from the planning department of the enterprise. The selling price of the stand-up wood used in the analyze was obtained by the average market price in the state, according to the assortment. The management regime that presented the best results was the multiple use, with NPV of R$2,606.32; IRR of 10.2%; PEV of R$241.26 and SEV of R$4,193.39.Keywords: Profit; forest economy; economic viability indicators.
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Izudinova, Raisat Saidovna, Evgenii A. Palamarchuk, Yevgeniya P. Pariy-Sargeenko, Igor A. Sarychev, and Grigory G. Slobodyanyuk. "Legislative Basis of Activities of "National-Socialist People's Welfare" within the Framework of Social Legal Policy of the Nazi Regime." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents an analysis of the legislative framework and the main lines of activity of the “National Socialist People's Welfare” organization (NSV) that operated in Germany during the Hitler regime. The functioning of the NSV was one of the most important social programs carried out in the framework of the National Socialist social policy. The organization’s mission was to provide material assistance to needy compatriots who included exclusively “full-fledged” racial representatives of the German population, carriers of the national socialist worldview. The activities of the NSV, along with other areas of Nazi social legal policy contributed to the consolidation of society around the Nazi regime and legitimized its institutions.
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Eshun, Peter Arroja. "Fiscal Policy Reforms and Their Effects on the Economic Viability of Mineral Projects in Ghana." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 8 (July 4, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n8p64.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mineral sector regulatory and fiscal policies in Ghana have undergone a lot of reforms over the past three decades in an effort to attract the much-needed Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the mineral sector and also to maximise the returns from the exploitation of mineral asset to the country. This paper puts in perspective the effect of changes in fiscal policies on the viability of mineral projects and assesses the general risk associated with investing in the mineral industry of Ghana, using the Sikaman Gold Mining (SGM) Project as a test case. Cash flow, sensitivity and risk analyses of the SGM Project under three fiscal regimes namely: PNDCL 153, Act 703, and amendments to Act 703, indicated the second regime as the most economically favourable as it gave the highest NPV and lowest risk. It is recommended that the government should involve the mineral industry players during such reviews to show all-inclusiveness. Furthermore, mineral investors are advised to explore stability and development agreements to protect their investments in the wake of changes in fiscal policies in the mineral industry of Ghana. Future research could consider comparing the current fiscal regime of Ghana with those of the competing countries within the Sub-Saharan African region to assess whether Ghana could continue to pride itself as a preferred investment destination within the sub-region.
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Wu, Qianhuang Ian Q., Yeh Ching Linn, William YK Hwang, Michelle Poon, Lip Kun Tan, Yang Liang Boo, Yeow Tee Goh, Aloysius YL Ho, and Liang Piu Koh. "Prognostic Value of Refined Disease Risk Index (rDRI) and Conditioning Regimen in Adult Patients Receiving Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT) for Haematological Malignancies - 15-Year Follow-up of Multicenter Study in Singapore." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-141581.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an established stem cell source for transplantation in patients with hematological diseases who lack suitable related or unrelated donors. Refined Disease Risk Index (rDRI) is a prognostic tool used in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), solely based on disease type and status. Its value in patients undergoing UCB transplants (UCBT) with different conditioning regime intensity is unclear. We sought to evaluate the predictive value of rDRI in patients undergoing UCBT. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 107 adult patients with various hematological malignancies who underwent 4-6/6 HLA-matched UCBT using single unit UCB (n=14) or double unit UCB (n=93) between Aug 2006 and Nov 2019 at 2 academic tertiary hospitals in Singapore. Patients received pre-transplant conditioning with either myeloablative conditioning (MAC, n=63) regimen consisting of Fludarabine (Flu) 75mg/m2, Cyclophosphamide (Cy) 120mg/kg and total body irradiation (TBI) 12- 13.2Gy , intensified reduced intensity conditioning (i-RIC, N=22) regimen consisting of Flu 150 mg/m2, Cy 50mg/kg, thiotepa 10mg/kg and TBI 4 Gy, or nonmyeloablative conditioning (NM, n=22) regimen, consisting of Flu 200 mg/m2, Cy 50mg/kg and TBI 2 Gy. The median total nucleated cell dose infused was 5.07 x 107/kg (range, 2.61 to 11.5) Results: Median follow-up was 84 months (range, 6 to 167 months).. Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall (OS) and event-free (EFS) survival at 10 years were 40 % (95% CI, 31-50) and 37% (95% CI, 28-47) respectively. At 2 years, cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse-related mortality (RRM) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were 27% (95% CI, 18-35) and 35 % (95% CI, 25-45), respectively. In multivariate analysis (MVA), rDRI showed significant correlation with OS (HR 2.41; 95% CI 1.41-4.11; p=0.001), EFS (HR 2.54; 95% CI 1.51-4.28; p=0.0004) and RRM (HR 2.71; 95% 1.36-5.41; p=0.005). Conditioning regimen intensity was found to have significant impact on NRM (p=0.047) and RRM (p=0.002) in MVA. When patients were further stratified into 4 risk groups incorporating both rDRI and conditioning regimen intensity, significant differences in OS (p=0.002) and EFS (p=0.001) were seen. 5-year OS (Figure 1) in patients receiving MAC/i-RIC and NM conditioning with low-intermediate risk rDRI were 52% and 36% respectively, compared with 24% and 13% in patients with high-very high risk rDRI (p=0.002). The corresponding ES were 50%, 29%, 20%, and 13%, respectively (Figure2). Conclusions: Our results confirm that rDRI has good predictive value for relapse and survival in UCBT recipients. Conditioning regime intensity was also found to have a significant impact on patient outcomes when evaluated together with rDRI. Prognostic scoring systems in HSCT are revised constantly with further studies needed to potentially incorporate the intensity of the conditioning regime into the rDRI. Outcomes in rDRI high risk patients remain poor and further studies are needed to define the best strategy that can induce sustained engraftment without increasing risk of relapse and toxicity death. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Sultan, Hesham A., Wael K. Elfeil, Ahmed A. Nour, Laila Tantawy, Elsayed G. Kamel, Emad M. Eed, Ahmad El Askary, and Shaimaa Talaat. "Efficacy of the Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1-Matched Vaccines in Commercial Broilers." Vaccines 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Class II genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) are predominant in the Middle East and Asia despite intensive vaccination programs using conventional live and inactivated NDV vaccines. In this study, the protective efficacies of three commercial vaccine regimes involving genotype II NDV, recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and an autogenous velogenic NDV genotype VII vaccine were evaluated against challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII (accession number MG029120). Three vaccination regimes were applied as follows: group-1 received inactivated genotype II, group-2 received inactivated recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and group-3 received velogenic inactivated autogenous NDV genotype VII vaccines given on day 7; for the live vaccine doses, each group received the same live genotype II vaccine. The birds in all of the groups were challenged with NDV genotype VII, which was applied on day 28. Protection by the three regimes was evaluated after infection based on mortality rate, clinical signs, gross lesions, virus shedding, seroconversion, and microscopic changes. The results showed that these three vaccination regimes partially protected commercial broilers (73%, 86%, 97%, respectively, vs. 8.6% in non-vaccinated challenged and 0% in non-vaccinated non-challenged birds) against mortality at 10 days post-challenge (dpc). Using inactivated vaccines significantly reduced the virus shedding at the level of the number of shedders and the amount of virus that was shed in all vaccinated groups (G1-3) compared to in the non-vaccinated group (G-4). In conclusion, using closely genotype-matched vaccines (NDV-GVII) provided higher protection than using vaccines that were not closely genotype-matched and non-genotype-matched. The vaccine seeds that were closely related to genotype VII.1.1 provided higher protection against challenge against this genotype since it circulates in the Middle East region. Updating vaccine seeds with recent and closely related isolates provides higher protection.
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Ji, Weiqi, Peng Zhao, Peng Zhang, Zhuyin Ren, Xin He, and Chung K. Law. "On the crossover temperature and lower turnover state in the NTC regime." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 36, no. 1 (2017): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.05.046.
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Bradley, Sebastien, Estelle Dauchy, and Leslie Robinson. "Cross-Country Evidence on the Preliminary Effects of Patent Box Regimes on Patent Activity and Ownership." National Tax Journal 68, no. 4 (December 2015): 1047–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2015.4.07.
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Ji, Weiqi, Peng Zhao, Tanjin He, Xin He, Aamir Farooq, and Chung K. Law. "On the controlling mechanism of the upper turnover states in the NTC regime." Combustion and Flame 164 (February 2016): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.11.028.
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Hedsund, Caroline, Philip Mørkeberg Nilsson, Nils Hoyer, Daniel Bech Rasmussen, Claire Præst Holm, Tine Peick Sonne, Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen, and Jon Torgny Wilcke. "High-pressure NIV for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in COPD: improved survival in a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 9, no. 1 (June 2022): e001260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionUpdated treatment guidelines for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in 2016 recommended a rapid increase in inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) to 20 cm H2O with possible further increase for patients not responding. Previous guidelines from 2006 suggested a more conservative algorithm and maximum IPAP of 20 cm H2O.AimTo determine whether updated guidelines recommending higher IPAP during NIV were related with improved outcome in patients with COPD admitted with AHRF, compared with NIV with lower IPAP.MethodsA retrospective cohort study comparing patients with COPD admitted with AHRF requiring NIV in 2012–2013 and 2017–2018.Results101 patients were included in the 2012–2013 cohort with low IPAP regime and 80 patients in the 2017–2018 cohort with high IPAP regime. Baseline characteristics, including age, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), pH and PaCO2 at initiation of NIV, were comparable. Median IPAP in the 2012–2013 cohort was 12 cm H2O (IQR 10–14) and 20 cm H2O (IQR 18-24) in the 2017–2018 cohort (p<0.001). In-hospital mortality was 40.5% in the 2012–2013 cohort and 13.8% in the 2017–2018 cohort (p<0.001). The 30-days and 1-year mortality were significantly lower in the 2017–2018 cohort. With a Cox model 1 year survival analysis, adjusted for age, sex, FEV1 and pH at NIV initiation, the HR was 0.45 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.74, p=0.002).ConclusionShort-term and long-term survival rates were substantially higher in the cohort treated with higher IPAP. Our data support the current strategy of rapid increase and higher pressure.
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Amin, Mohammad Robed. "National Guideline of Rabies Prophylaxis-2010." Journal of Medicine 12, no. 2 (August 22, 2011): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v12i2.7691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Rabies has been the subject of fear ever since the disease was recognized. Worldwide the number of deaths annually, due to rabies, is estimated to be between 35,000 to 50,000 approximately Rabies continues to be a major public health problem in Bangladesh killing an estimated 2000 people annually and 100,000 people receive post-exposure treatment in the country. In this regard the post-exposure treatment of animal bite cases is of prime importance. Materials and Methods: Communicable disease control(CDC) of, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) took the noble initiative to establish the national rabies elimination programme 2010 with an comprehensive approach of care for human and control of rabid animal. An expert group meeting for strategic plan and finalizing the guidelines for prevention and control of rabies cases was held in 2010, under CDC of DGHS to bring out uniformity in post-exposure treatment practices. . The participants in the meeting included practitioners managing anti-rabies clinics, laboratory medicine practitioners, policy makers, public health experts from both public and private sector. The guideline, which emerged out of consensus of expert groups, is summarized in this paper. Results: Until recently the Nervous Tissue Vaccine (NTV) was the mainstay for post-exposure prophylaxis in Bangladesh. As per WHO recommendations, the production and use of this reactogenic vaccine should be gradually phased out from our country. Modern, safe and effective anti-rabies Cell Culture Vaccines (CCVs) will be used for post-exposure prophylaxis in public sectors. The limitation is the high cost of this vaccine and also the cost and unavailability of Anti Rabies Immunoglobulin. WHO recommended the use of intra-dermal (ID) route of application of CCVs. Considering the recommendations of experts, results of clinical trials and international experience, experts of Bangladesh recommends ID regimen phase wise. In first phase, only Dhaka Infectious Disease Hospital will serve as Anti-rabies centre for ID regimen. After its successful implementation, ID regimen will spread out to Division and then to District level hospitals. National experts suggested and recommended the use of cost-effective vaccination schedules such as abbreviated multisite IM Zagreb protocol (4 dose, 3 visits) and updated Thai Red Cross (TRC) intradermal regimen(2-2-2-0-2) to phase out NTV and to make available modern rabies vaccine in public sector. Conclusion: This guideline will be extremely useful for the country to make rational use of modern rabies vaccine and phase out NTV by 2011. The guideline will be of immense use for better management of animal bite cases and availability and affordability of modern rabies vaccine will be of great help for physician to manage appropriately for preventing the deadly disease rabies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v12i2.7691 JOM 2011; 12(2): 153-159
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Arivelo, Tatiana A., and Yuh-Lang Lin. "Climatology of Heavy Orographic Rainfall Induced by Tropical Cyclones over Madagascar: From Synoptic to Mesoscale Perspectives." Earth Science Research 5, no. 2 (July 3, 2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v5n2p132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Variability of and generation mechanisms for Madagascar rainfall are studied by conducting climatological, synoptic and mesoscale analyses. It is found the rainfall variability is highly sensitive to seasons with high variability in summer (Nov-Apr). The rainfall in summer is controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and orographic rainfall associated with tropical cyclones (TCs), while the rainfall in winter (May-Oct) is controlled by trade winds and local orographic rainfall along the eastern coast. Synoptic analysis reveals that major climate variations in summer are associated with ITCZ position, which is closely related to TC genesis locations and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Linkages between El-Niño Southern Oscillation Index (ENSO) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) are identified as the cause of inconsistent dry or wet summers. Mesoscale analysis depicts the importance of the orographic effects on prevailing wind, which are controlled by the orography in both seasons. In winter, the prevailing trade winds over the Southwest Indian Ocean are from the east and are split to the north and south when it impinges on Malagasy Mountains. On the other hand, in summer the prevailing easterlies are weaker leading to the production of lee vortices, in addition to the flow splitting upstream of the mountain. Thus, the flow is classified into two regimes: (a) flow-over regime with no lee vortices under high Froude number (Fr=1.2-1.8) flow, and (b) flow-around regime with lee vortices under low Fr (=0.88-1.16) flow. A case study of TC Domoina (1984) indicates that the long-lasting heavy rainfall was induced by the strong orographic blocking of Madagascar. The shorter-term (e.g., 2 days) heavy orographic precipitation is characterized by large VH ∙Ñh which is composed by two common ingredients, namely a strong low-level wind normal to the mountain (VH) and a steep mountain slope (∇h).
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YABLONSKY, PIOTR K., ANNA A. STARSHINOVA, MIKHAIL M. NAZARENKO, EKATERINA N. BELYAEVA, ALEXANDER L. CHUZHOV, DMITRYY ALEKSEEV, and MARIA V. PAVLOVA. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT WITH THE USE OF NEW THERAPY REGIMENS." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 15, no. 2 (April 2022): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2022.15(2).67-75.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Improving the effectiveness of treatment of the most difficult category of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is still relevant in the present circumstances. Efficacy of therapy is not higher than 35,7%. New therapy regimes with the use of bedaquiline and pyridinium perchlorate were recommended for extended drug resistance treatment. Aim. Aim of the study is to compare efficacy of new regimes of treatment with the use of bedaquiline and pyridinium perchlorate in patients with extended drug resistance of mycobacterium. Material and methods. Retrospective study with analysis of therapy in 150 patients with extended drug resistance tuberculosis, who were treated in the period from 2016 till 2019, divided into three groups: (I-st group, n=80) – standard therapy; (II-nd group, n=47) – regime with pyridinium perchlorate; and III-rd group (n=23) – regime with bedaquiline. Analysis was performed for clinical, laboratory, and radiology assessments. Evaluation of treatment efficacy was done based on criteria defined in the international guidance. Results and discussions. To the end of hospitalization stage of therapy, in the group with bedaquivilin cessation of bacterial excretion in extended drug resistance tuberculosis patients was observed significantly more frequent than in the group of standard therapy without Bq (60,8% (III) vs 30,0% (I), p˂0,01). In the II group of cessation was also significantly more frequent than in the group of standard therapy without pyridinium perchlorate (57,8% (III) vs 30,0% (I), p˂0,01). Efficacy to the end of treatment assessed by positive roentgenologic dynamic was 78,2% и 57,8% (p˂0,0001) for 6-8 months of treatment by bedaquiline and pyridinium perchlorate correspondently, that was significantly more frequent than in the I-st group (25%). Based on performed analysis inclusion of this antituberculosis drugs in therapy of extended drug resistance tuberculosis patients is associated with increase of its efficacy ((р=0,0046, ОР=0,7325, 95%Сl 0,3 – 1,65%, PPV=0,6140, NPV=0,1618). Comparison of general parameters of efficacy demonstrates significantly high percent of treatment efficacy in extended drug resistance tuberculosis patients while addition into therapy new antituberculosis drugs. Significant difference between groups for surveillance, while addition of new antituberculosis drugs, was not observed. Conclusion. Results of the study demonstrate opportunities to increase treatment efficacy with addition of new antituberculosis drugs. Nevertheless, efficacy of treatment limited by 6-8 months, that allows to recommend extension of treatment duration by new antituberculosis drugs, and as well to implement other methods to increase its efficacy.
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XUE, XIAO-FENG, ZI-WEI SONG, and XIAO-YUE HONG. "A new genus and three new species of Phyllocoptini (Acari: Eriophyidae: Phyllocoptinae) from the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, northwestern China." Zootaxa 1275, no. 1 (July 31, 2006): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1275.1.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new genus and three new species of eriophyid mites from the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, northwestern China are described and illustrated: Calvittacus regiae gen. nov. and sp. nov. on Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae); Calepitrimerus dendrobenthamiae sp. nov. on Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis (Osborn) Fang (Cornaceae) and Calepitrimerus fopingi sp. nov. on Lindera glauca (Sieb. et Zucc.) Blume (Lauraceae). All the species are vagrant on the undersurface of leaves. No apparent damages were found on the host plant. A key to the species of Calepitrimerus from China is provided.
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Rosafio, Elisabetta Giovanna. "Brevi notazioni sulla responsabilità del pilota e sulla posizione dei terzi estranei al contratto di pilotaggio." RIVISTA ITALIANA DI DIRITTO DEL TURISMO, no. 39 (July 2023): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dt2023-039001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'Autrice analizza il contratto di pilotaggio come disciplinato dal codice della navigazione dopo le modifiche apportate dalla l. 1° dicembre 2016, n. 230, con particolare riguardo al regime di responsabilità di cui all'art. 93 c. nav., all'ambito di applicazione di questa disposizione con particolare riguardo alla posizione dei terzi estranei al contratto di pilotaggio.
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Riddler, Sharon A., Diane Havlir, Kathleen E. Squires, Brad Kerr, Ronald H. Lewis, Kuang Yeh, Linda Hawe Wynne, et al. "Coadministration of Indinavir and Nelfinavir in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Adults: Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antiretroviral Activity." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 12 (December 2002): 3877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.12.3877-3882.2002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Combinations of protease inhibitors (PIs) can have potentially beneficial pharmacokinetic interactions, resulting in higher drug levels and less frequent dose administration. Indinavir (IDV) and nelfinavir (NFV) are potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease and are commonly prescribed antiretroviral agents. Pilot pharmacokinetic data suggested a bidirectional enhancing interaction between IDV and NFV. A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of IDV plus NFV given in a combination every 12 h in HIV-1-infected subjects. IDV plus NFV was given as a twice-daily regimen to 20 HIV-1-infected subjects who were PI naive (11 of 20 were antiretroviral naive). After week 18, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were added to the treatment regimen in seven subjects. The enrolled subjects had a geometric mean baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA of 63,095 copies/ml and a mean CD4+ cell count of 266 cells/mm3. Pharmacokinetic evaluations were performed at the following doses: IDV at 1,000 mg every 12 h (q12h) plus NFV at 750 mg q12h, IDV at 1,000 mg q12h plus NFV at 1,000 mg q12h, and IDV at 1,200 mg q12h plus NFV at 1,250 mg q12h. The coadministration of IDV plus NFV resulted in a modest inhibition of IDV elimination, resulting in a plasma profile of IDV 1200 mg q12h (with NFV at 1,250 mg q12h) that was comparable to the standard IDV dose of 800 mg q8h. In contrast, IDV had no apparent effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of NFV. The combination of IDV and NFV was generally well tolerated and resulted in sustained virologic suppression with 45% of the subjects having an HIV-1 RNA level in plasma of <400 copies/ml at week 72 (intent-to-treat).
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Urazakov, K. R., S. I. Kazetov, and F. F. Davletshin. "METHOD OF DESIGNING THE OPTIMUM OPERATION REGIME OF PRODUCTION WELLS AT UZEN OIL FIELD." Problems of Gathering, Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, no. 3 (June 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ntj-oil-2018-3-59-71.
Повний текст джерела
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Ivanov, A. V., P. K. Esipov, A. R. Buranshin, Je I. Shakirov, and R. A. Ishagulov. "ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATING RISKS OF HORIZONTAL FLARE UNITS UNDER UNSTEADY EQUIPMENT REGIME CONDITIONS." Problems of Gathering Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, no. 2 (May 16, 2023): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ntj-oil-2023-2-81-94.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article focuses on complications that arise when new water and gas injection wells are brought on regime and operation of horizontal flare units (HFU), which are part of the reservoir pressure maintenance (RPM) system in the simultaneous water and gas injection mode. In the process of bringing on regime there is a procedure to warm up and maintain working pressure in gas pipelines, for this purpose the associated petroleum gas is redirected to the HFU of the well pad. The existing design of the HFU does not allow maintaining technological parameters of gas injection into the well because of the lack of a regulating device in front of the HFU. The present article describes the measures aimed at ensuring stable operating pressure required when starting up new wells of the reservoir pressure maintenance system in the mode of simultaneous water and gas injection. Modernization of the existing HFU design with installation of a choke diaphragm, providing maintenance of operating pressure in the system of gas pipelines, is offered. The selection and calculation of the choke diaphragm were performed. The results of calculations of HFU with the new design of the choke diaphragm show the possibility of maintaining the working pressure in the gas pipeline when redirecting gas to the HFU during the launch, adding new water and gas injection wells in the system of reservoir pressure maintenance. Calculations of temperature distribution over the HFU surface are performed and dosages of hydrate inhibitor to ensure hydrate-free operation are specified.
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Narita, Yukiya, Hirokazu Shoji, Sadayuki Kawai, Takuro Mizukami, Michio Nakamura, Toshikazu Moriwaki, Takeharu Yamanaka, et al. "REVIVE study: Prospective observational study of efficacy and safety in chemotherapy (CTx) after progressive disease of nivolumab (NIV) therapy for metastatic gastric cancer (mGC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2019): TPS178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.tps178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
TPS178 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are drugs that block specific proteins produced by the immune system cells, such as T-cells; these proteins prevent T-cells from killing cancer cells. NIV is a standard care for pretreated mGC patients (pts), with increasing clinical use in Japan. Data from retrospective studies on various tumors have shown that after exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors, the objective response rate to CTx potentially improves; however, enough data have not been accumulated. Although there are no recommended CTx regimen following NIV therapy, in a clinical setting, an irinotecan or oxaliplatin combination regimen (limited to cisplatin-refractory or cisplatin-intolerant pts) is frequently used as post-NIV CTx. This multicenter observational study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CTx in NIV-refractory or NIV-intolerant mGC pts. Methods: We prospectively collect clinical and imaging data from NIV-pretreated mGC pts; these pts will be treated with cytotoxic agents. Pts who meet inclusion criteria A (histologically proven mGC pretreated with NIV, prior administration of a combination therapy of fluoropyrimidine plus platinum and taxanes, and written informed consent) at primary registration are registered. After primary registration, pts who meet inclusion criteria B [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS 0-2), refractory or intolerant to NIV; prior administration of irinotecan monotherapy or oxaliplatin combination regimens and prior use of cisplatin; evaluable lesions according to RECIST ver. 1.1] at formal registration are registered. The primary endpoint is overall survival of NIV-pretreated mGC pts after CTx. For this study, we require 146 pts, with bilateral alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.10, with a median threshold survival of 4.0 months and an expected median survival of 6.0 months. Therefore, we plan to enroll 200 pts, considering exclusions from the analysis; since May 2018, we have enrolled 27 pts. Clinical trial information: UMIN000032182.
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Khattar, Sunil K., Anthony L. DeVico, Celia C. LaBranche, Aruna Panda, David C. Montefiori, and Siba K. Samal. "Enhanced Immune Responses to HIV-1 Envelope Elicited by a Vaccine Regimen Consisting of Priming with Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing HIV gp160 and Boosting with gp120 and SOSIP gp140 Proteins." Journal of Virology 90, no. 3 (November 18, 2015): 1682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02847-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing HIV-1 BaL gp160 was evaluated either alone or with monomeric BaL gp120 and BaL SOSIP gp140 protein in a prime-boost combination in guinea pigs to enhance envelope (Env)-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses. We showed that a regimen consisting of an NDV prime followed by a protein boost elicited stronger serum and mucosal Th-1-biased IgG responses and neutralizing antibody responses than NDV-only immunizations. Additionally, these responses were higher after the gp120 than after the SOSIP gp140 protein boost.
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Adityawarman, Adityawarman, Faridh Afdhal Aziz, Prasandi Abdul Aziz, Purnomo Yusgiantoro, and Steven Chandra. "Economic Evaluation of Fiscal Regime on EOR Implementation in Indonesia: A Case Study of Low Salinity Water Injection on Field X." Journal of Earth Energy Engineering 9, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jeee.2020.4608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are currently two fiscal regimes designated for resource allocation in Indonesia’s upstream oil and gas industry, the Production Sharing Contract Cost Recovery (PSC) and Gross Split. The Gross Split in the form of additional percentage split is designed to encourage contractors to implement Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in mature fields. Low Salinity Water Injection (LSWI) is an emerging EOR technique in which the salinity of the injected water is controlled. It has been proven to be relatively cheaper and has simpler implementations than other EOR options in several countries. This study evaluates the LSWI project’s economy using PSC and Gross Split and then to be compared to conventional waterflooding (WF) project’s economy. There are four cases on Field X that are simulated using a commercial simulator for 5 years. The cases are evaluated under PSC and Gross Split to calculate the project’s economy. The economic indicators that will be evaluated are the Net Present Value (NPV) and sensitivity analysis is also conducted to observe the change of NPV. The parameters for sensitivity analysis are Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operating Expenditure (OPEX), Oil Production, and Oil Price. It is found that LSWI implementation using Gross Split is more profitable than PSC. The parameters that affects NPV the most in all PSC cases are the oil production and oil price. On the other hand, in Gross Split cases, the oil production is the parameter that affects NPV the most, followed by oil price. The novelty of this study is in the comparison of project’s economy between WF and LSWI using two different fiscal regimes to see whether Gross Split is more profitable than PSC on EOR implementation, specifically the LSWI at Field X.
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Baril, Jean-Guy, Eric A. Lefebvre, Richard G. Lalonde, Stephen D. Shafran, and Brian Conway. "Nelfinavir and Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Salvage Regimes in Heavily Hiv Pretreated Patients." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 14, no. 4 (2003): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/309724.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of nelfinavir mesylate (NFV) in combination with delavirdine mesylate(DLV) or efavirenz (EFV) and other antiretroviral agents following virological failure on other protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens.DESIGN: Multicentre, retrospective chart review.METHODS: One hundred-one patients who were naive to both NFV and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and who initiated NFV plus DLV or EFV-based salvage regimens were reviewed. Response to treatmentwas defined as a reduction in HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels to unquantifiable levels (less than 50 copies/mL, less than 400 copies/mL, less than 500 copies/mL) on at least one occasion after the initiation of salvage therapy. Baseline correlates of response, including prior duration of HIV infection, prior number of regimens, viral load and CD4 cell counts were also evaluated.RESULTS: Patients had a mean duration of HIV infection of 10 years, a mean duration of prior therapy of four years, a median of four prior nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a median of two prior PIs. At the time of review the mean duration of salvage therapy was 63.4 weeks. Virological suppression was achieved in 59 (58.4%) patients within a mean of eight weeks and maintained for a mean of 44.9 weeks (themean follow-up was78 weeks). Of the non-responders, 16 (38%) achieved a less than 1 log10decrease in HIV RNA levels. Although there was no association between baseline correlates, response rate (75.7%) was significantly higher in patients with HIV RNA levels of 50,000 copies/mL or lower and CD4 counts greater than 200 cells/mm3.CONCLUSION: NFV/NNRTI-based highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens are an effective therapy in many patients who have experienced virological breakthroughs on at least one prior PI-based regimen.
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Fernandino, Gabriel. "Uma Sistematização de Variáveis relacionando transição de Regime Político e Política Externa: comparando as redemocratizações argentina e brasileira | A Systematization of Variables connecting Regime Transition and Foreign Policy: comparing the democratization processes in Argentina and Brazil." Mural Internacional 13 (June 27, 2022): e63390. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2022.63390.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neste artigo, relacionamos Transição de Regime Político & Política Externa, realizando um estudo de caso comparado acerca das redemocratizações argentina e brasileira, no marco temporal de 1979 a 1990. Valendo-nos de teorias de referência da Transição de Regime, assim como de pressupostos do Realismo Neoclássico, elaboramos um quadro não-exaustivo que sistematiza variáveis explicativas da transição à democracia, em relação a efeitos possíveis em política externa. O nosso estudo foi realizado por meio da técnica da revisão de literatura e de documentos, em uma abordagem de cunho qualitativo, e com inferências produzidas por meio de comparação transversal e longitudinal. Na análise comparada, trabalhando com algumas das variáveis organizadas nosso quadro, concluímos que o modelo de transição é variável necessária, embora não suficiente, para explicar a formulação da política externa.Palavras-chave: Brasil, Política Externa, Transição de regime político. ABSTRACTIn this article, we relate Political Regime Transition & Foreign Policy, carrying out a comparative case study about the democratization in Argentina and in Brazil, from 1979 to 1990. Referring to well-established theories of Regime Transition, as well as to assumptions of Neoclassical Realism, we propose a non-exhausting framework that systematizes explanatory variables of the transition to democracy, in relation to possible effects in foreign policy. Our study was carried out by means of literature and documents review, in a qualitative approach, and with inferences produced through cross-case and longitudinal comparisons. We conclude from the case study that the transition model is a necessary variable, although not sufficient, to explain the production of the foreign policy.Keywords: Brazil, Foreign Policy, Regime transition.Recebido em: 10 nov. 2021 | Aceito em: 15 jun. 2022.
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Margolin, L. G., P. K. Smolarkiewicz, and A. A. Wyszogrodzki. "Implicit Turbulence Modeling for High Reynolds Number Flows." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1514210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Implicit turbulence modeling is the numerical simulation of high Reynolds fluid flow using nonoscillatory finite volume (NFV) schemes without any explicit subgrid scale model. Here we investigate the ability of a particular NFV scheme, MPDATA, to simulate decaying turbulence in a triply periodic cube for a variety of viscosities, comparing our results to analogous pseudo-spectral studies. In the regime of direct numerical simulation, MPDATA is shown to agree closely with the pseudo-spectral results. As viscosity is reduced, the two model results diverge. We study the MPDATA results in the inviscid limit, using a combination of mathematical analysis and computational experiment. We validate these results as representing the turbulent flow in the limit of very high Reynolds number.
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Clavijo, Sergio, Alejandro Vera, David Malagón, Laura Clavijo, Andrea Ríos, Ekaterina Cuéllar, and Nelson Vera. "Risk of Disability, Old-age and Death: Pension Sustainability in Colombia." Journal of Management and Sustainability 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v7n1p103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper concludes that the sustainability of the public “pay-as-you-go” pension regime in Colombia (RPM) looks fragile and is threatened by massive transfers from the private “defined contributions” regime (RAIS) to the RPM. The fiscal deficit of the RPM could be rising from 140% of GDP (in NPV) to 228% of GDP during the next three decades on account of the migration of close to nine million retirees moving to the RPM. Pressure to the fiscal budget will increase towards 90% of GDP (in NPV) as a result of the pension shortfall, making it very difficult to comply with a fiscal target of 4% of GDP per year. In addition, the life annuities’ market is quite shallow in Colombia due to: i) the State guarantee of a pension equivalent to 100% of a legal-minimum-wage (1 LMW); which in turn is fully indexed to annual inflation; and ii) the risk of assuming longer periods of pension enjoyment via judicial sentences (elevating the current expectations of 20-25 year period of enjoyment). Limiting the pension guarantee to 50-75% of a LMW, allowing for life-annuities recalculation, and decreasing the cost-margin of insurance companies would help place the Colombian life annuities market in a more financially sustainable path.
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Mathis, Thibaud, Batoul El Ameen, Mayeul Chaperon, Yasmine Serrar, François Devin, Mikhail Dziadzko, Amina Rezkallah, and Laurent Kodjikian. "Relevance of Visual Acuity Measurement for Therapeutic Decisions in Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020522.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study is to assess if the decision to retreat could be determined by anatomical criteria (mostly driven by optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided strategy) rather than the gold standard (visual acuity (VA) and OCT) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). A cross-sectional study of 142 eyes already treated for nAMD from September 2021 to December 2021 was performed. At inclusion, a first therapeutic decision was made based on the analysis of the OCT. This decision was then maintained or modified after being made aware of the patient’s VA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. The OCT-guided strategy matched the gold standard for treatment decisions in 131 of the 142 eyes included (92.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of the OCT-guided strategy for the retreatment decision were 94.0% and 89.8%, respectively. PPV and NPV were 92.9% and 91.4%, respectively. Considering the treatment regimen, eyes followed under the Pro ReNata regimen showed better sensitivity (100%) and specificity (93.3%) than eyes followed under the treat and extend regimen (93.5% and 88.6%, respectively). Based on the findings of this study, the follow-up for selected patients with nAMD under anti-VEGF treatment could be monitored without regular VA testing with acceptable performance.
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Jiang, Yang, Dimitry Yu Sorokin, Robbert Kleerebezem, Gerard Muyzer, and Mark van Loosdrecht. "Plasticicumulans acidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating gammaproteobacterium from a sequencing-batch bioreactor." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 2314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.021410-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Here, we describe a novel bacterium, strain TUD-YJ37T, which can accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to more than 85 % (w/w) dry cell weight. The bacterium was isolated from a mixed-culture bioreactor by using a feast–famine regime and its properties were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis based on full 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate is a member of the Gammaproteobacteria, forming an independent, deep phylogenetic lineage. It is most closely related to members of the genera Methylocaldum, Methylococcus and Natronocella, with sequence similarities below 91 %. Strain TUD-YJ37T was an obligately aerobic, ovoid, Gram-negative bacterium, motile by means of a polar flagellum. It utilized C2–C10 fatty acids as carbon and energy sources. The temperature range for growth was 20–35 °C, with an optimum of 30 °C; the pH range was 6.0–8.0, without a clear optimum. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. Polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and another unidentified lipid. The predominant fatty acids in the membrane polar lipids were C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular data, the isolate is proposed to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Plasticicumulans acidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Plasticicumulans acidivorans is TUD-YJ37T ( = DSM 23606T = CBS 122990T).
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Wordu, David Nwobisi, Felix J. K. Ideriah, and Barinyima Nkoi. "A Study of Pressure Gradient in Multiphase Flow in Vertical Pipes." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.1.1090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of multiphase flow in vertical pipes is aimed at effective and accurate design of tubing, surface facilities and well performance optimization for the production of oil and gas in the petroleum industry by developing a better approach for predicting pressure gradient. In this study, field data was analyzed using mathematical model, multiphase flow correlations, statistical model, and computer programming to predict accurately the flow regime, liquid holdup and pressure drop gradient which are important in the optimization of well. A Computer programme was used to prediction pressure drop gradient. Four dimensionless parameters liquid velocity number (Nlv), gas velocity number (Ngv), pipe diameter number (Nd), liquid viscosity number (Nl), were chosen because they represent an integration of the two dominant components that influence pressure drop in pipes. These dominant component are flow channel/media and the flowing fluid. The model was found to give a fit of 100% to the selected data points. Hagedorn & Brown, Griffith &Wallis correlations and model were compared with field data and the overall pressure gradient for a total depth of 10000ft was predicted. The predicted pressure gradient measured was found to be 0.320778psi/ft, Graffith& Wallis gave 0.382649Psi/ft, Hagedorn & Brown gave 0.382649Psi/ft; whereas generated model gave 0.271514Psi/ft. These results indicate that the model equation generated is better and leads to a reasonably accurate prediction of pressure drop gradient according to measured pressure gradient.
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Wordu, David Nwobisi, Felix J. K. Ideriah, and Barinyima Nkoi. "Study of Pressure Gradient in Multiphase Flow in Vertical Pipes." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.1.1090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study of multiphase flow in vertical pipes is aimed at effective and accurate design of tubing, surface facilities and well performance optimization for the production of oil and gas in the petroleum industry by developing a better approach for predicting pressure gradient. In this study, field data was analyzed using mathematical model, multiphase flow correlations, statistical model, and computer programming to predict accurately the flow regime, liquid holdup and pressure drop gradient which are important in the optimization of well. A Computer programme was used to prediction pressure drop gradient. Four dimensionless parameters liquid velocity number (Nlv), gas velocity number (Ngv), pipe diameter number (Nd), liquid viscosity number (Nl), were chosen because they represent an integration of the two dominant components that influence pressure drop in pipes. These dominant component are flow channel/media and the flowing fluid. The model was found to give a fit of 100% to the selected data points. Hagedorn & Brown, Griffith &Wallis correlations and model were compared with field data and the overall pressure gradient for a total depth of 10000ft was predicted. The predicted pressure gradient measured was found to be 0.320778psi/ft, Graffith& Wallis gave 0.382649Psi/ft, Hagedorn & Brown gave 0.382649Psi/ft; whereas generated model gave 0.271514Psi/ft. These results indicate that the model equation generated is better and leads to a reasonably accurate prediction of pressure drop gradient according to measured pressure gradient.
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Prina, Federica. "Nonterritorial Autonomy and Minority (Dis)Empowerment: Past, Present, and Future." Nationalities Papers 48, no. 3 (May 2020): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis review article outlines the literature on nonterritorial autonomy (NTA) from the renewed interest in the concept in the mid-2000s until today. First, the article provides a brief overview of the meaning of NTA and the rationale behind it, highlighting how, in academic literature, NTA oscillates between positions that treat it as an attractive option and a highly impractical system (difficult to realize in practice or even pin down conceptually). Second, the article looks at trends in the existing literature, which has approached NTA with various emphases: the functions it fulfils (or has fulfilled); its (at times) supplementary role vis-à-vis territorial autonomy; and the dynamics that have led to its introduction in some countries, with attendant implications. Third, the article outlines some of NTA’s complexities, suggesting future areas of research, with reference to the interaction of territoriality and nonterritoriality, collective rights and participation, and potentially negative consequences of NTA regimes.
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Doualla-Bell, Florence, Ava Avalos, Tendani Gaolathe, Madisa Mine, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Ndwapi Ndwapi, Vladimir A. Novitsky, et al. "Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C on Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients from Botswana Failing a Nelfinavir-Containing Regimen." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 6 (June 2006): 2210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01447-05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Among 16 human immunodeficiency virus-infected (subtype C) Batswana patients who failed nelfinavir (NFV)-containing regimens, the most prevalent mutation observed was D30N (54%), followed by L90M (31%). L89I, K20T/I, and E35D polymorphic changes were also identified. These findings suggest that subtype C viruses in Botswana may develop resistance to NFV via subtype-specific pathways.
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Akpojotor, E., V. I. O. Olowe, C. Adejuyigbe, and S. O. Adigbo. "Appropriate Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Regime for Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) In the Humid Tropics." Helia 42, no. 70 (July 26, 2019): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2018-0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractTwo field trials were conducted on the Research Farm of the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Nigeria during the late cropping seasons (Jun.–Nov.) of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the agronomic performance of four recently released sunflower varieties (SAMSUN-1, SMASUN-2, SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4) to three fertilizer regimes: Control, Split application of 30 kg N + 28 kg P2O5 at 21 days after sowing (DAS) and at anthesis and Single application of 60 kg N and 56 kg P2O5 at 21DAS. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenology, plant height, seed yield and yield attributes, and quality. The varietal effect was only significant in 2015 for head weight, a number of achene per head and 100 achene weight. Application of N and P fertilizer either as split or single significantly (P ≤ 0.05; F-test) enhanced plant height at R5 and R9, 100 achene weight, achene weight per head and grain yield in both years. Single application resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield in 2014 than the split and control and was on par with a split. Significant variety × fertilizer regime was recorded for protein content in 2014 and 2015, and oil content in 2015. Therefore, a single application of N and P fertilizers at 21 WAS is recommended for adoption in the humid tropics to enhance seed and oil production of SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4.
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Rukovets, Olga. "Childhood Epilepsy: Lower Socioeconomic Status Associated with Poorer Adherence to Therapeutic Regimen." Neurology Today 11, no. 11 (June 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nt.0000399180.83093.0d.
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Wells, C., J. Dubow, M. Fenton, D. Patel, C. Tyler, and D. Seiden. "0747 Study Design of an Open-Label Extension and Switch Study for Once Nightly Sodium Oxybate, FT218, in NT1 and NT2 Patients." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction Avadel Pharmaceuticals has developed FT218, a once nightly sodium oxybate (SO) formulation for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy in narcoleptic patients. REST-ON, a pivotal efficacy/safety study is expected to be completed in the first half of 2020. Previous Phase 1 studies have demonstrated FT218 delivers a pharmacokinetic profile needed for once-nightly dosing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term safety of FT218 in REST-ON completers and dosing strategy when switching from twice-nightly SO to FT218. Methods The study will enroll NT1/NT2 patients who completed REST-ON or patients switching from stable dose of twice-nightly SO to FT218. REST-ON completers will initiate FT218 at 4.5 g and increase by 1.5 g to the highest tolerated dose or the dose deemed effective (up to 9 g). Switch patients will initiate FT218 at the equivalent/closest dose to their current twice-nightly SO and titrate in accord with safety/efficacy. The study will enroll approximately 250 patients for a duration of two years. Results The primary endpoint for REST-ON completers will be safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints for REST-ON completers will include changes in ESS, reported cataplexy and other REM associated phenomena as well as changes in clinician and patient global impression. For switch patients, endpoints will include percentage of subjects that stay on the same, higher or lower dose of FT218 compared to twice-nightly SO, as well as the percentage of subjects who report a preference for the once-nightly dosing regimen. Conclusion The results of this open label extension/switch study will further elucidate the potential benefits of once-nightly FT218 regarding long term safety/tolerability, nocturnal safety/tolerability and efficacy, and importantly provide dosing and preference data for patients switching from twice-nightly SO to once-nightly FT218. Support This work was supported by Avadel Pharmaceuticals.
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Mathis, Thibaud, Batoul El Ameen, Cristina Vartin, Yasmine Serrar, Frédéric Matonti, Aditya Sudhalkar, Alper Bilgic, Amina Rezkallah, and Laurent Kodjikian. "Relevance of Visual Acuity Measurement for Therapeutic Decisions in Diabetic Macular Edema." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 6 (May 29, 2023): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to determine the validity of basing retreatment decisions on anatomical criteria alone (captured using optical coherence tomography (OCT)—OCT-guided strategy) rather than the gold standard (combined visual acuity (VA) and OCT) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). This cross-sectional study included 81 eyes undergoing treatment for DME from September 2021 to December 2021. An initial therapeutic treatment decision based on OCT results was made on inclusion. Subsequently, in light of the patient’s VA score, this initial decision was upheld or adjusted, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. In 67 out of the 81 eyes included in the study (82.7%), the OCT-guided strategy produced equivalent results to the gold standard. In this study, the OCT-guided retreatment decision strategy yielded sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 73.8%, respectively, and PPV and NPV of 76.6% and 91.2%, respectively. These findings differed according to the patient’s treatment regimen: the sensitivity and specificity for eyes under a treat and extend regimen was higher, 100% and 88.9%, respectively, than eyes under a Pro Re Nata regimen, 90% and 69.7%, respectively. These findings show that VA testing could be omitted from the follow-up of certain patients with DME treated with intravitreal injections without impacting the quality of care.
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XAVIER, CLÁUDIA, and ALEXANDRE B. BONALDO. "Taxonomic revision of the genus Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae)." Zootaxa 5004, no. 2 (July 20, 2021): 201–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The genus Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000 is revised, including 20 species. New records of T. rosae Bonaldo, 2000 from Pará, Brazil are given. Tupirinna albofasciata (Mello-Leitão, 1943) is redescribed based on the female lectotype, here designated. The following 17 new species are described, diagnosed, and illustrated: T. platnicki sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Pará, Brazil); T. zebra sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Amazonas and Mato Grosso, Brazil); T. caraca sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from south and southeast Brazil); T. urucu sp. nov. (♂ from Amazonas, Brazil); T. coari sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Amazonas, Brazil); T. lata sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from the states of Bahia, Espiríto Santo, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Santa Catarina, Brazil); T. regiae sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Amazonas and Pará, Brazil); T. mutum sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Pará and Mato Grosso, Brazil); T. cruzes sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina, Brazil); T. palmares sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from northeast Brazil); T. una sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Bahia, Brazil); T. gigantea sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Vaupés, Colômbia and Peru); T. oba sp. nov. (♀ from Bahia, Brazil); T. goeldi sp. nov. (♀ from Pará, Brazil); T. ibiapaba sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Ceará, Brazil); T. luctuosa sp. nov. (♀ from Minas Gerais, Brazil) and T. araguaia sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ from Pará, Brazil). Additionally, two species groups are delimited based on genitalic morphology. Distribution maps and an identification key to the males and females of all known species of Tupirinna are also provided.
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CROSS, IAN A., ANDREY GEBRUK, ANTONINA ROGACHEVA, and DAVID S. M. BILLETT. "Peniagone crozeti a new species of elasipodid holothurian from abyssal depths off the Crozet Islands in the Southern Indian Ocean." Zootaxa 2096, no. 1 (May 11, 2009): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2096.1.30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Material collected from the RRS Discovery Cruise 300 to the Crozet Islands contained a new species of elasipodid holothurian Peniagone crozeti sp. nov. This new species dominated the megafauna at an abyssal site to the east of the islands under an area of high surface productivity, but was found in low abundance at a site located south of the islands under a high nutrient low chlorophyll regime, typical for many areas in the Southern Ocean. Peniagone crozeti differs from other members of the genus by the shape of its calcareous deposits.
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Ribeiro, Andressa, Carolina Souza Jarochinski e. Silva, Antonio Carlos Ferraz Filho, and José Roberto Soares Scolforo. "Financial and risk analysis of African mahogany plantations in Brazil." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 2 (March 2018): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018422026717.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Wood demand is increasing in quality and quantity, and economic studies are fundamental to analyze the feasibility of forest projects. These researches are in line with management and silvicultural studies, highlighting growth and yield modeling. This paper proposes an economic evaluation of implementation of African mahogany stands in Brazil under different perspectives of forest management. Data are from plantations ranging from 1.1 to 15 years old in different Brazilian regions. Financial analysis was undertaken using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Equal Annual Equivalent (EAE) for a 20-year period considering three thinning management regimes (A - unthinned, B - one thinning at age 10 years remaining 150 trees ha-1 and C - two thinnings, first at age 8 remaining 150 trees ha-1 and second at age 15 years remaining 75 trees ha-1) considering an initial density of 278 trees ha-1. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed considering six risk variables. Results showed that the discount rate is the variable that most influences the viability of the project. All site indexes in all management regimes lead to a feasible financial return, with NPV values ranging from 25,053 to 125,780 Brazilian reais per hectare, being regimes B and C the best ones. The probability for an unfeasible investment is almost zero, highlighting African mahogany as a great forest investment opportunity, providing high interest rates values (14% to 25%), superior to most available market rates of return.
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Hassan, S. K. "Mitochytridium regale sp. nov. a new keratinophilic water fungus from Poland." Acta Mycologica 18, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1982.012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new species of <i>Mitochytridium</i> Dangeard — <i>M. regale</i> sp. nov. is described. The fungus has been obtained by baiting with snake skin a sample of the pond water collected from Łazienki Royal Garden in Warsaw, Poland. This new species differs from the type species of the genus (<i>M. ramosum</i> Dangeard) by the saprophytic behaviour, persistent zoospore case in the sporangial wall and some other minor differences.
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Rall, Isabell, Ralf Amann, Sara Malberg, Christiane Herden, and Dennis Rubbenstroth. "Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) Vaccines Efficiently Protect Cockatiels Against Parrot Bornavirus Infection and Proventricular Dilatation Disease." Viruses 11, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) are the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a chronic and often fatal neurologic disorder in Psittaciformes. The disease is widely distributed in private parrot collections and threatens breeding populations of endangered species. Thus, immunoprophylaxis strategies are urgently needed. In previous studies we demonstrated a prime-boost vaccination regime using modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) constructs expressing the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein of PaBV-4 (MVA/PaBV-4 and NDV/PaBV-4, respectively) to protect cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) against experimental challenge infection. Here we investigated the protective effect provided by repeated immunization with either MVA/PaBV-4, NDV/PaBV-4 or Orf virus constructs (ORFV/PaBV-4) individually. While MVA/PaBV-4-vaccinated cockatiels were completely protected against subsequent PaBV-2 challenge infection and PDD-associated lesions, the course of the challenge infection in NDV/PaBV-4- or ORFV/PaBV-4-vaccinated birds did not differ from the unvaccinated control group. We further investigated the effect of vaccination on persistently PaBV-4-infected cockatiels. Remarkably, subsequent immunization with MVA/PaBV-4 and NDV/PaBV-4 neither induced obvious immunopathogenesis exacerbating the disease nor reduced viral loads in the infected birds. In summary, we demonstrated that vaccination with MVA/PaBV-4 alone is sufficient to efficiently prevent PaBV-2 challenge infection in cockatiels, providing a suitable vaccine candidate against avian bornavirus infection and bornavirus-induced PDD.
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Hartz, T. K., F. J. Costa, and W. L. Schrader. "Suitability of Composted Green Waste for Horticultural Uses." HortScience 31, no. 6 (October 1996): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.961.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was undertaken to determine the physiochemical properties and nutrient supply characteristics of composted green yard and landscape waste (CGW) and to document its performance as a field soil amendment or constituent of potting media. Three CGW samples were collected from each of two composting operations in California from Nov. 1993 to Apr. 1994. Macronutrient content varied widely between operations, and among samples from the same operation, with mean total N, P, and K levels averaging 1.1%, 0.26%, and 0.67%, respectively. Controlled-environment incubation of a moist 1 CGW: 9 soil blend (2 weeks at 30 °C) was conducted to determine net N mineralization from CGW. Despite low C: N ratios (<12), five of six CGW samples showed net immobilization, a characteristic of immature compost. An in-field incubation of soil amended with 1% or 2% CGW (w/w) showed no net N release from CGW over 4 months. In a field trial, bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit yield was increased by soil amendment with CGW (17 or 34 t·ha–1) under a low N fertilizer regime (168 kg·ha–1), but was unaffected where sufficient fertilizer N (280 kg·ha–1) was applied. CGW was compared with peat as a constituent of potting media; both were blended 1:1 (v/v) with perlite and used in the production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) plants under varying fertigation regimes (constant feed of N at 0, 50, or 100 mg·L–1 as 15N–13P–12K). CGW was equivalent or superior to peat in plant growth; CGW did contribute to crop macronutrient nutrition, but the highest fertigation rate was required for optimum growth.
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Walz, Roland, Hella Garny, and Thomas Birner. "Stratospheric Modulation of Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Warming-Induced Circulation Changes in an Idealized General Circulation Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 80, no. 2 (February 2023): 611–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-21-0232.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The stratospheric polar vortex is dynamically coupled to the tropospheric circulation. Therefore, a better mechanistic understanding of this coupled system is important to interpret past and future circulation changes correctly. Previously, idealized simulations with a dry dynamical-core general circulation model and imposed tropical upper-tropospheric warming (TUTW) have shown that a critical warming level exists at which the polar vortex transitions from a weak and variable to a strong and stable regime. Here, we investigate the dynamical mechanism responsible for this regime transition and its influence on the troposphere by performing similar idealized experiments with (REF) and without a polar vortex (NPV). According to the critical-layer control mechanism, the strengthened upper flank of the subtropical jet in response to TUTW leads to an accelerated wave-driven residual circulation in both experiments. For the REF experiment, the stronger residual circulation is associated with changes in the lower-stratospheric thermal structure that are consistent with an equatorward shift of the polar vortex. At a certain threshold of TUTW in the REF experiment, the tropospheric jet and the stratospheric polar vortex form a confined waveguide for planetary-scale waves that presumably favors downward wave coupling events. Consistently, the polar vortex strengthens in combination with an enhanced poleward shift of the tropospheric jet compared to the NPV experiment. Overall, these idealized experiments suggest that a polar vortex strengthening can be caused by greenhouse gas–induced warmings via modifications of the waveguide. This mechanism might also be relevant to understand the polar vortex changes in more complex models.
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Hiesl, Patrick, Mindy S. Crandall, Aaron Weiskittel, Jeffrey G. Benjamin, and Robert G. Wagner. "Evaluating the long-term influence of alternative commercial thinning regimes and harvesting systems on projected net present value of precommercially thinned spruce–fir stands in northern Maine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 2 (February 2017): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0228.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Commercial thinning (CT) is an important silvicultural practice in the northeastern United States. Relatively little is known, however, about the interaction of harvest system and treatment (removal intensity or timing of entry) on the overall profitability of CT. To address this question, 10-year measurements from a controlled CT experiment across six sites in Maine were used to project the long-term effect of removal intensity (33% and 50% relative density reduction) and timing of entry (no delay, 5-year delay, 10-year delay) on (i) maximum net present value (NPV), (ii) timing of maximum NPV, and (iii) the effect of three harvesting systems (cut-to-length, whole-tree, hybrid systems) on maximum NPV. A regional growth and yield model was used to project individual-tree growth and mortality into the future. Harvest costs for the harvesting systems were estimated using regional cycle-time equations. No difference was found in maximum NPV between the CT and non-CT areas or the timing of CT entry. Stand age at time of maximum NPV differed between delays but not between the two removal intensities. Our results indicate that there is no economic benefit in delaying a CT or removing more volume at the time of thinning for the range of stand conditions evaluated.