Статті в журналах: "NPTES"

1

Kumar, Anand Suresh, and Ramarathnam Krishna Kumar. "Force and Moment Characteristics of a Rhombi Tessellated Non-Pneumatic Tire." Tire Science and Technology 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.16.440205.

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ABSTRACT There has been a recent spate of activities in the design of non-pneumatic tires (NPTs). The validation of a NPT's design is incomplete unless its performance is compared with an equivalent pneumatic tire. Apart from its static behavior, an evaluation of the tire's performance can be done by observing its force and moment (F&M) characteristics. In the present work, an NPT has been designed with an aperiodic rhombi tessellated spoke acting as the load bearing member, where the “unit cell” design is based on the vertical, circumferential, and lateral stiffness offered by the structure. A three-dimensional finite element model has been used to capture the mechanics of load distribution in the spoke, contact patch, and variation of contact pressure distribution when the tire is subjected to different operating conditions. SIMULIA/Abaqus has been used to conduct static loading, acceleration/braking, and cornering analyses. The F&M characteristics have been extracted from these simulations and compared with those of a 165/70R14 passenger car tire. The variation in the vertical and circumferential stiffness based on the spoke geometry has also been highlighted. The use of conventional pneumatic tire's belts to alter the NPT's lateral stiffness, despite the tire behaving like a “bottom loader,” adds uniqueness to the design. The NPT's capability to match the pneumatic tire's performance and the variability observed in the tire's F&M characteristics reiterate the freedom available in NPT design, thus providing the opportunity to have similar tires with varying performance characteristics.

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Wang, Yuanyuan, Jens H. Bos, Catharina C. M. Schuiling-Veninga, H. Marike Boezen, Job F. M. van Boven, Bob Wilffert, and Eelko Hak. "Neuropsychiatric safety of varenicline in the general and COPD population with and without psychiatric disorders: a retrospective cohort study in a real-world setting." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e042417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042417.

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the real-world association between varenicline and neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) in general and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) population with and without psychiatric disorders compared with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to strengthen the knowledge of varenicline safety.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingPrescription database IADB.nl, the Netherlands.ParticipantsNew users of varenicline or NRT among general (≥18 years) and COPD (≥40 years) population. Psychiatric subcohort was defined as people prescribed psychotropic medications (≥2) within 6 months before the index date.Outcome measuresThe incidence of NPAEs including depression, anxiety and insomnia, defined by new or naive prescriptions of related medications in IADB.nl within 24 weeks after the first treatment initiation of varenicline or NRT.ResultsFor the general population in non-psychiatric cohort, the incidence of total NPAEs in varenicline (4480) and NRT (1970) groups was 10.5% and 12.6%, respectively (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.00). For the general population in psychiatric cohort, the incidence of total NPAEs was much higher, 75.3% and 78.5% for varenicline (1427) and NRT (1200) groups, respectively (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99). For the COPD population (1598), there were no differences in the incidence of NPAEs between comparison groups in both the psychiatric cohort (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.44) and non-psychiatric cohort (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.20). Results from subgroup or sensitivity analyses also did not reveal increased risks of NPAEs but showed decreased risk of some subgroup NPAEs associated with varenicline.ConclusionsIn contrast to the concerns of a possible increased risk of NPAEs among varenicline users, we found a relative decreased risk of total NPAEs in varenicline users of the general population in psychiatric or non-psychiatric cohorts compared with NRT and no difference for NPAEs between varenicline and NRT users in smaller population with COPD.

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Gepreel, Khaled A. "Exact Soliton Solutions for Nonlinear Perturbed Schrödinger Equations with Nonlinear Optical Media." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 8929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248929.

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The nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equations (NPSEs) with nonlinear terms as Kerr law, power law, quadratic-cubic law, and dual-power law nonlinearity media play an important role in optical fibers. In this article we implement the rational solitary wave method to study the NPSEs when nonlinear terms take some different forms. Additionally, we use the q-deformed hyperbolic function and q-deformed trigonometric function methods to study the exact solutions to NPSEs. Different kind of soliton solutions are obtained such as bright, dark, and singular periodic solutions to the NPSEs.

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Lamothe, Karl A., Haibin Dong, Oscar E. Senar, Sonja Teichert, Irena F. Creed, David P. Kreutzweiser, Fiona K. A. Schmiegelow, and Lisa Venier. "Demand for nonprovisioning ecosystem services as a driver of change in the Canadian boreal zone1." Environmental Reviews 27, no. 1 (March 2019): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0065.

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The Canadian boreal zone provides ecosystem services from local to global scales. Either directly or indirectly, demands for these services have and will continue to serve as drivers of change in the region. Here we present evidence for past, present, and potential future demand for maintaining nonprovisioning ecosystem services (NPrES), defined as indirect and nonmarketable services obtained from ecosystems as a driver of change in the boreal zone. Our evidence of demand stems from federal and provincial policies, actions by Indigenous peoples, and nongovernmental initiatives that aim to maintain the sustainability of natural resource extraction and ecosystem condition of the boreal. Presently, the demand for NPrES influences decisions related to natural resource development (e.g., forestry) that in turn impacts the condition of the boreal zone. Informed by the present conditions and past trends, three future scenarios to the year 2050 are presented that contrast in their trajectory—status quo, increased demand for NPrES, and decreased demand for NPrES. We also summarize the interactions among other drivers of change in the boreal and the synergies and trade-offs among the different types of demand for NPrES. Ultimately, sustainability of the boreal zone and the ecosystem services it provides will result from a complex suite of interacting drivers of change, where the balance of demands for provisioning and NPrES will continue to influence regional conditions.

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Riddle, Daniel L., Ralph R. Utzman, Dianne V. Jewell, Stephanie Pearson, and Xiangrong Kong. "Academic Difficulty and Program-Level Variables Predict Performance on the National Physical Therapy Examination for Licensure: A Population-Based Cohort Study." Physical Therapy 89, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 1182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080400.

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Background Several factors have been shown to influence first-time pass rates on the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). It is unclear to what extent academic difficulty experienced by students in a physical therapist education program may affect NPTE pass rates. The effects of institutional status (public or private) and Carnegie Classification on NPTE pass rates also are unknown. Objective The aim of this study was to quantify the odds of failure on the NPTE for students experiencing academic difficulty and for institutional status and Carnegie Classification. Design This investigation was a retrospective population-based cohort study. Methods Quota sampling was used to recruit a random sample of 20 professional physical therapist education programs across the United States. Individual student demographic, preadmission, and academic performance data were collected, as were data on program-level variables and data indicating pass/fail performance on the NPTE. A generalized linear mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounding factors and to describe relationships among the key predictor variables—academic difficulty, institutional status, and Carnegie Classification—and the dependent variable, NPTE performance. Results Academic difficulty during a student's professional training was an independent predictor for NPTE failure. The odds of students who had academic difficulty (relative to students who did not experience academic difficulty) failing the NPTE were 5.89 (95% confidence interval=4.06–8.93). The odds of NPTE failure also varied depending on institutional status and Carnegie Classification. Limitations The findings related to Carnegie Classification and institutional status should be considered preliminary. Conclusions Student performance on the NPTE was influenced by multiple factors, but the most important, potentially modifiable risk factor for poor NPTE performance likely is academic difficulty during professional training.

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Pal, Dipan K., and Marios Savvides. "Non-Parametric Transformation Networks for Learning General Invariances from Data." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 4667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33014667.

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ConvNets, through their architecture, only enforce invariance to translation. In this paper, we introduce a new class of deep convolutional architectures called Non-Parametric Transformation Networks (NPTNs) which can learn general invariances and symmetries directly from data. NPTNs are a natural generalization of ConvNets and can be optimized directly using gradient descent. Unlike almost all previous works in deep architectures, they make no assumption regarding the structure of the invariances present in the data and in that aspect are flexible and powerful. We also model ConvNets and NPTNs under a unified framework called Transformation Networks (TN), which yields a better understanding of the connection between the two. We demonstrate the efficacy of NPTNs on data such as MNIST with extreme transformations and CIFAR10 where they outperform baselines, and further outperform several recent algorithms on ETH-80. They do so while having the same number of parameters. We also show that they are more effective than ConvNets in modelling symmetries and invariances from data, without the explicit knowledge of the added arbitrary nuisance transformations. Finally, we replace ConvNets with NPTNs within Capsule Networks and show that this enables Capsule Nets to perform even better.

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Crandall, Ian, Jeffrey Charuk, and Kevin C. Kain. "Nonylphenolethoxylates as Malarial Chloroquine Resistance Reversal Agents." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 2431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.9.2431-2434.2000.

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ABSTRACT Malaria-associated morbidity and mortality are increasing because of widespread resistance to one of the safest and least expensive antimalarials, chloroquine. The availability of an inexpensive agent that is capable of reversing chloroquine resistance would have a major impact on malaria treatment worldwide. The interaction of nonylphenolethoxylates (NPEs, commercially available synthetic surfactants) with drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum was examined to determine if NPEs inhibited the growth of the parasites and if NPEs could sensitize resistant parasites to chloroquine. NPEs inhibited the development of the parasite when present in the low- to mid-micromolar range (5 to 90 μM), indicating that they possess antimalarial activity. Further, the presence of <10 μM concentrations of NPEs caused the 50% inhibitory concentrations for chloroquine-resistant lines to drop to levels (≤12 nM) observed for sensitive lines and generally considered to be achievable with treatment courses of chloroquine. Long-chain (>30 ethoxylate units) NPEs were found to be most active in P. falciparum, which contrasts with previously observed maximal activity of short-chain (∼9 ethoxylate units) NPEs in multidrug-resistant mammalian cell lines. NPEs may be attractive chloroquine resistance reversal agents since they are inexpensive and may be selectively directed againstP. falciparum without inhibiting mammalian tissue P glycoproteins. Antimalarial preparations that include these agents may prolong the effective life span of chloroquine and other antimalarials.

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Filippov, Alexander Gennadievich, Valery Vasil’evich Alexandrin, Alexander Vladimirovich Ivanov, Alexander Alexandrovich Paltsyn, Nadezhda Borisovna Sviridkina, Edward Danielevich Virus, Polina Olegovna Bulgakova, Joanna Petrovna Burmiy, and Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev. "Neuroprotective Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles Is Not Associated with Their Accumulation in the Brain of Rats." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 7 (June 29, 2023): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14070348.

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Platinum nanoparticles (nPts) have neuroprotective/antioxidant properties, but the mechanisms of their action in cerebrovascular disease remain unclear. We investigated the brain bioavailability of nPts and their effects on brain damage, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and development of brain and systemic oxidative stress (OS) in a model of cerebral ischemia (hemorrhage + temporary bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, tBCAO) in rats. The nPts (0.04 g/L, 3 ± 1 nm diameter) were administered to rats (N = 19) intraperitoneally at the start of blood reperfusion. Measurement of CBF via laser Doppler flowmetry revealed that the nPts caused a rapid attenuation of postischemic hypoperfusion. The nPts attenuated the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the decrease in reduced aminothiols level in plasma, and the glutathione redox status in the brain, which were induced by tBCAO. The content of Pt in the brain was extremely low (≤1 ng/g). Thus, nPts, despite the extremely low brain bioavailability, can attenuate the development of brain OS, CBF dysregulation, and neuronal apoptosis. This may indicate that the neuroprotective effects of nPts are due to indirect mechanisms rather than direct activity in the brain tissue. Research on such mechanisms may offer a promising trend in the treatment of acute disorders of CBF.

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Guo, Gaohuizi, Cuiyou Yao, and Mehrdad Shoeibi. "Emergency Project Management Decision Support Algorithm for Network Public Opinion Emergencies Based on Time Series." Complexity 2022 (September 28, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4732999.

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The present study aims at proposing a time series-based network public opinion emergency (NPOE) management decision support algorithm for the problems of low decision accuracy and long decision time in traditional similar algorithms. In this proposed algorithm, after the time series data are preprocessed, the association rules of the original indicator data of network public opinion emergencies (NPOEs) are mined, the original indicator data matrix of NPOEs will be constructed, and the improved local linear embedding approach will be employed to obtain the original indicator data of NPOEs. After carrying out the preprocessing according to the preprocessing results, the objective weight of the emergency decision index is calculated through the interval value fuzzy information entropy measurement of the emergency decision index, the emergency management decision support model is constructed, and the emergency management decision support of the NPOE is realized. The simulation experiment results show that the proposed algorithm has a better effect on the decision-making effect of the management of NPOEs, and a higher decision-making efficiency is achieved.

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Bock, Clive H., Bruce W. Wood, and Tim R. Gottwald. "Pecan Scab Severity—Effects of Assessment Methods." Plant Disease 97, no. 5 (May 2013): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-12-0642-re.

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Pecan scab is caused by the fungus Fusicladium effusum, and is the most destructive disease of pecan in the United States. Accurate and reliable disease assessments are needed to ensure that data provide a measure of actual disease intensity. The Horsfall-Barratt (H-B) category scale and its derivatives are commonly used to assess disease. Estimates using the H-B scale were compared with nearest percent estimate (NPEs) for rating disease severity of pecan scab on valves of fruit. Both inexperienced and experienced raters were included in the experiment. Lin's concordance correlation showed that agreement using NPEs was variable (ρc = 0.57 to 0.96), whereas estimates of disease severity using the H-B scale had similar agreement among most raters (ρc = 0.59 to 0.98). Converted values of NPEs to the H-B midpoints (NPEH-B) also provided a similar range (ρc = 0.61 to 0.96). Neither experienced nor inexperienced raters were consistently better using any of the three methods. Bootstrap analysis indicated that, among experienced raters, precision (r) and agreement (ρc) were often reduced when using the H-B scale compared with NPEs. There was no consistent effect of converting NPEs to NPEH-B midpoint values compared with actual H-B values. Inter-rater reliability using the H-B scale was never better than NPEs. Bootstrap analysis indicated no difference in the length of time needed to assess disease but regression analysis suggested that raters who were inherently fast in assessing disease with NPEs were often slower when using the H-B scale; conversely, raters who were slow assessing with NPEs were often faster when using the H-B scale. Thus, there appears to be no advantage in accuracy or reliability or reduction in time when inexperienced or experienced raters used a category rating scale to assess pecan scab.

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Huh, Kyungmin, Minsun Kang, Dong Hoon Shin, Jinwook Hong, and Jaehun Jung. "Oseltamivir and the Risk of Neuropsychiatric Events: A National, Population-based Study." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 9 (January 30, 2020): e406-e414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa055.

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Abstract Background Reports of serious neuropsychiatric events (NPEs), specifically suicide/suicide attempts, following the use of oseltamivir have led to public concerns. Our aim in this study was to determine whether an association exists between oseltamivir use and NPEs. Method This study was a population-based, retrospective, cohort study on a random sample of 50% of individuals in the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNIS) database aged ≥8 years who were diagnosed with influenza between 2009 and 2017. The primary exposure was oseltamivir prescription at the time of influenza diagnosis, whereas the primary outcome was a diagnosis of an NPE within 30 days after the influenza diagnosis. Information on oseltamivir prescription, diagnoses of NPEs, demographic characteristics, comorbidities, drugs prescribed within the year before influenza diagnosis, and healthcare utilization were extracted from the KNIS database. Results Of 3 352 015 individuals included in the analysis, 1 266 780 (37.8%) were prescribed oseltamivir. The incidence of NPEs was 0.86% and 1.16% in patients who were and were not prescribed oseltamivir, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], .73 to .75; P < .001). Oseltamivir use was not associated with a difference in the overall risk of NPEs in the adjusted model (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, .96 to 1.01; P = .16), but the incidence of moderate-to-severe NPEs was significantly lower in those prescribed oseltamivir (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, .88–.96; P < .001). Conclusion Treating influenza with oseltamivir does not increase the risk of NPEs. Thus, public concern regarding its use is unwarranted.

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Duka, Blerina, Alessandro Stievano, Rosario Caruso, Emanuela Prendi, Florian Spada, Gennaro Rocco, and Ippolito Notarnicola. "Psychometric Properties of the Albanian Version of the Nursing Self-Efficacy Scale." Healthcare 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2022): 2232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112232.

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There are few tools to ascertain self-efficacy, which is a valuable component of nursing skills. This study has tested the psychometric properties of an Albanian translation of the Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale (NPSES), which is based on Bandura’s theory of social cognition. Data were collected using questionnaires which were filled out by 423 nurses from the twelve provinces of the Albanian health system. The scale’s content, face, and construct validity were evaluated. Reliability was verified using Cronbach’s α and test–retest and by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients. The original NPSES has two factors; for the A-NPSES analyzed in this study, four factors emerged from the factorial analysis of our reference sample: nursing care procedure situation, nursing research situation, nursing ethics situation, and nursing practice situation. Cronbach’s α was 0.91, indicating that the tool is reliable. The results of this study demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Albanian version of the NPSES. This scale is a valuable tool for self-assessing nurses’ self-efficacy. An adequate scale for measuring nurses’ self-efficacy can be used to improve the quality of clinical nursing care.

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Ilves, V. G., S. Y. Sokovnin, and M. A. Uimin. "Production of nanopowder of cerium (III) fluoride obtained by pulsed electron beam evaporation in vacuum." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2064, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012085.

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Abstract The method of pulsed electron beam evaporation in vacuum was first used to obtain CeF3 nanopowder (NP). During NP production, a high evaporation rate of the target (~ 7 g/h) and a higher percentage of NP collection (> 72%) were observed, both for fluoride and the previously obtained CeO2 oxide. It was found that the produced NP contains two crystalline phases: hexagonal CeF3 (95 wt.%, coherent scattering region ≈ 8 nm and [Ce-O-F] or [Ce-F]. The magnetic susceptibility of CeF3 nanoparticles (NPles) coincides with the susceptibility of micron particles, indicating the potential for using such NPles as a contrast agent for tomography. High specific surface area (CeO2-270 m2/g, CeF3 – 62 m2/g), large pore volume (0.35-0.11 cm3/g) allow the use of NPles as nanocontainers for drug delivery.

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Depciuch, Joanna, Justyna Miszczyk, Alexey Maximenko, Piotr M. Zielinski, Kamila Rawojć, Agnieszka Panek, Pawel Olko, and Magdalena Parlinska-Wojtan. "Gold Nanopeanuts as Prospective Support for Cisplatin in Glioblastoma Nano-Chemo-Radiotherapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (November 29, 2020): 9082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239082.

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Herein, we propose newly designed and synthesized gold nanopeanuts (Au NPes) as supports for cisplatin (cPt) immobilization, dedicated to combined glioblastoma nano-chemo-radiotherapy. Au NPes offer a large active surface, which can be used for drugs immobilization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the size of the synthesized Au NPes along the longitudinal axis is ~60 nm, while along the transverse axis ~20 nm. Raman, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DCS) measurements showed, that the created nanosystem is stable up to a temperature of 110 °C. MTT assay revealed, that the highest cell mortality was observed for cell lines subjected to nano-chemo-radiotherapy (20–55%). Hence, Au NPes with immobilized cPt (cPt@AuNPes) are a promising nanosystem to improve the therapeutic efficiency of combined nano-chemo-radiotherapy.

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15

Lave, Charles. "What Really is the Growth of Vehicle Usage?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1520, no. 1 (January 1996): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152000114.

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The enormous jump in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per person reported by the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau caused a great deal of concern among planners and policy analysts. Such a jump seemed to portend an era of ever-increasing travel, pollution, and energy consumption. Three alternative VMT estimates are developed using data from other national surveys and a massive odometer-based California study. The three new estimates are nearly identical but differ markedly from the NPTS results. (Reanalysis of the 1990 NPTS shows that it oversampled new vehicles: since new vehicles are driven two to three times as much as old ones, VMT per average vehicle is overestimated.) VMT per vehicle actually grew at only half the rate estimated by the NPTS.

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Khan, Kamruzzaman, M. Ali Akbar, and H. Koppelaar. "Study of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for finding exact analytical solutions." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 7 (July 2015): 140406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140406.

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Exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) are obtained via the enhanced ( G ′/ G )-expansion method. The method is subsequently applied to find exact solutions of the Drinfel'd–Sokolov–Wilson (DSW) equation and the (2+1)-dimensional Painlevé integrable Burgers (PIB) equation. The efficiency of this method for finding these exact solutions is demonstrated. The method is effective and applicable for many other NPDEs in mathematical physics.

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Gaida, Razia, Ilse Truter, and Christoffel Grobler. "Efavirenz: A review of the epidemiology, severity and management of neuropsychiatric side-effects." South African Journal of Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v21i3.783.

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<p>South Africa has the highest proportion of HIV-positive people in the world. HIV cannot be cured; however, there are several major classes of drugs used in its management. Efavirenz is one such agent of the class non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors which inhibits the replication of the virus. Efavirenz is associated with causing neuropsychiatric side-effects (NPSEs), with almost 50% of patients experiencing at least one NPSE while on treatment. The NPSEs tend to occur within the first few days of initiation of therapy and resolve spontaneously within the first 4 - 6 weeks, with the most commonly reported being dizziness, insomnia, headache, abnormal dreams and impaired concentration. The plasma level of efavirenz and genetic polymorphisms are thought to play a role in the development of such NPSEs. NPSEs need to be treated according to severity. If necessary, efavirenz may be replaced with nevirapine or lopinavir/ritonavir. It should be remembered that nevirapine may also produce some severe side-effects such as skin abnormalities and hepatotoxicity. The monitoring of patients receiving efavirenz therapy should be ongoing, with those with a history of mental illness requiring closer monitoring than others. </p><div> </div>

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Zetchi, Akli, Marie-Claire Rousseau, Annie LeBlanc, Marie-Eve Boulay, and Louis-Philippe Boulet. "Review of Symptoms Assessment During Nasal Allergen Provocation in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis." Open Allergy Journal 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874838401003010001.

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Background: Allergic rhinitis is the most prevalent allergic disease. Nasal provocation tests (NPTs) may be useful for its clinical diagnostic and therapy monitoring although they are mostly used in clinical research. However, the lack of standardisation in the symptoms assessed and the variety of instruments used make effective comparison between studies difficult. Objective: To review the published literature searching for instruments assessing nasal symptoms during NPTs for allergic rhinitis. Methods: Pubmed and Embase electronic databases were reviewed, looking for all methods including an instrument assessing symptoms during or following NPTs. Studies on animal models, pediatric subjects, and patients without allergic rhinitis were excluded. Studies were also excluded if they did not assess nasal symptoms during or following the NPT. Only NPT studies performed with allergen extracts or histamine were included. Results: A total of 520 studies were retrieved, from which 81 different instruments from 81 studies were included in the present analysis. There was no instrument reporting a validation process for the assessment of symptoms during NPTs. From the remaining instruments, the most common symptoms assessed were rhinorrhea (67), sneezing (70), congestion (67), and nasal pruritus (50). The most frequently used type of scales among those instruments was the four-point Likert scale (39), although different methods were used. Conclusions: This review illustrates the large variety of symptoms and methods used to assess the aforementioned NPTs. The lack of validation studies suggests the need to develop and validate a standardized instrument assessing symptoms following NPTs.

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Ryu, Chang-Han, and Min-suk Suh. "Study on Patent Dispute Strategies for Automotive Industry against NPEs." Journal of Intellectual Property 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 241–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34122/jip.2014.09.9.3.241.

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Beghin, John C., and Christopher R. Gustafson. "Consumer Valuation of and Attitudes towards Novel Foods Produced with New Plant Engineering Techniques: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 11348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011348.

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We follow the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews to review the emerging international body of empirical evidence on consumers’ attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for novel foods produced with New Plant Engineering Techniques (NPETs). NPETs include genome/gene editing, cisgenesis, intragenesis, and RNA interference. These novel foods are often beneficial for the environment and human health and more sustainable under increasingly prevalent climate extremes. These techniques can also improve animal welfare and disease resistance when applied to animals. Despite these abilities of NPETs, evidence suggests that many, but not all, consumers discount these novel foods relative to conventional ones. Our review sorts out findings to identify conditioning factors that can increase the acceptance of and WTP for these novel foods in a significant segment of consumers. International patterns of acceptance are identified. We also analyze how information and knowledge interact with consumer acceptance of these novel foods and technologies. Heterogeneity of consumers—across cultures and borders and in attitudes towards science and innovation—emerges as a key determinant of acceptance and WTP. Acceptance and WTP tend to increase when socially beneficial attributes—as opposed to producer-oriented cost-saving attributes—are generated by NPETs. NPET-improved foods are systematically less discounted than transgenic foods. Most of the valuation estimates are based on hypothetical experiments and surveys and await validation through revealed preferences in actual purchases in food retailing environments.

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Kuo, Chih-Yun, Hsin-Yi Tseng, Ivo Stachiv, Chon-Haw Tsai, Yi-Chun Lai, and Tomas Nikolai. "Combining Neuropsychological Assessment with Neuroimaging to Distinguish Early-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease from Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in Non-Western Tonal Native Language-Speaking Individuals Living in Taiwan: A Case Series." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041322.

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Neuropsychological tests (NPTs), which are routinely used in clinical practice for assessment of dementia, are also considered to be essential for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), especially the behavioral variants of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA) at their initial clinical presentations. However, the heterogeneous features of these diseases, which have many overlapping signs, make differentiation between AD and FTLD highly challenging. Moreover, NPTs were primarily developed in Western countries and for native speakers of non-tonal languages. Hence, there is an ongoing dispute over the validity and reliability of these tests in culturally different and typologically diverse language populations. The purpose of this case series was to examine which of the NPTs adjusted for Taiwanese society may be used to distinguish these two diseases. Since AD and FTLD have different effects on individuals’ brain, we combined NPTs with neuroimaging. We found that participants diagnosed with FTLD had lower scores in NPTs assessing language or social cognition than AD participants. PPA participants also had lower measures in the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test than those diagnosed with bvFTD, while bvFTD participants showed poorer performances in the behavioral measures than PPA participants. In addition, the initial diagnosis was supported by the standard one-year clinical follow-up.

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Baldwin, Jane, Catherine Schmidt, Laura Plummer, Perman Gochyyev, Jillian E. Battista, Simran Kaur, and Keshrie Naidoo. "How Doctor of Physical Therapy Students Overcome Academic Challenges to Achieve First-Attempt Success on the National Physical Therapy Examination: A Mixed Methods Study." Education Sciences 13, no. 5 (April 22, 2023): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050430.

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The purpose of this mixed methods study was to identify Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students with markers of potential challenges on the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) and evaluate their outcomes. The qualitative arm, framed by social cognitive theory, identified strategies students used to achieve first-attempt success. Of the 143 students from one DPT program who had markers of potential NPTE challenges, 79% overcame challenges to achieve success, revealing a weaker association between undergraduate grade point average (GPA) and NPTE performance. Year one program GPA and written exam performance while in the program were stronger predictors of NPTE performance. Qualitative analysis of interviews with 19 graduates revealed three themes: (1) Critical resources build confidence for a unique standardized test; (2) Peers support, teach, and hold each other accountable; and (3) Self-care is vital as emotions run high. Participants described needing to change their approaches to learning between undergraduate and DPT education. Critical resources for achieving first-attempt success included contextualizing knowledge in the clinical setting, NPTE preparatory courses, and frequent self-assessment, which facilitated retrieval practice and revealed knowledge deficits. Little is known about graduates who did not achieve first-attempt success but were ultimately successful, warranting further research.

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Ilves, Vladislav, Aidar Murzakaev, Sergey Sokovnin, Tat’yana Sultanova, Olga Svetlova, Mikhail A. Uimin, Maria Ulitko, and Mikhail Zuev. "Effect of Air Annealing on the Structural, Textural, Magnetic, Thermal and Luminescence Properties of Cerium Fluoride Nanoparticles." Physchem 2, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physchem2040026.

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This paper presents the physicochemical characteristics of CeF3 nanopowder (NP) obtained via electron evaporation. The initial NP was annealed in air (200–500 °C) for 30 min. The annealed NP was evaluated using the following methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry (DSC-TG) and luminescence/magnetic measurements. The degree of cytotoxicity of CeF3 nanoparticles (NPles) to cell cultures was determined. The cubic phase CeO2 formed in CeF3 NP after annealing (500 °C). The appearance of the CeO2 oxide phase led to an increase in the intensity of photoluminescence. Cathodoluminescence was not excited. The paramagnetic response of NPles decreased with an increase in the annealing temperature. Cerium fluoride NPles showed low cytotoxicity towards cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Annealing of the CeF3 NP at low temperatures led to an improvement in the textural parameters of the not annealed NP. Improved texture parameters indicate the prospect of using CeF3 as a biomedicine nanocontainer.

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Reuscher, Timothy R., Richard L. Schmoyer, and Patricia S. Hu. "Transferability of Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey Data to Regional and Local Scales." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1817, no. 1 (January 2002): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1817-04.

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The development of a system for using Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) data to estimate regional or local travel behavior—vehicle and person trips and miles of travel—is detailed. This system can be used by state or municipal transportation planners. The census tracts were classified into groups, or clusters, that tend to be homogeneous for individual travel behavior. These census tract clusters were based on household income, employment rate, number of household vehicles, and area type (urban, suburban, or rural). NPTS data were used to estimate driving characteristics for each of the clusters derived in the classification step. How well the goal of estimating regional or local travel characteristics was achieved by using standards computed from an independent survey from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and by using independent data from three add-on components of the NPTS itself was assessed. Estimates computed from the NPTS data by using the census tract cluster method were compared with estimates computed from the standards and with estimates computed from the NPTS data by using competing methods in which households were classified by size of the metropolitan statistical area, census division, or census region. It was found that in most cases the census tract clustering method predicted travel better than the other methods, with small sample sizes generally being the cause when the census tract method was not the best.

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Caliman, Willian Robert, Franciani Cassia Sentanin, Rodrigo Cesar Sabadini, Jose Pedro Donoso, Claudio Jose Magon, and Agnieszka Pawlicka. "Improved Conductivity in Gellan Gum and Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Electrolytes." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 8721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248721.

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Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) were obtained using gellan gum (GG) and 1 to 40 wt.% of montmorillonite (Na+SYN-1) clay. The NPEs were crosslinked with formaldehyde, plasticized with glycerol, and contained LiClO4. The samples were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), UV-vis transmittance and reflectance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR). The NPEs of GG and 40 wt.% LiClO4 showed the highest conductivity of 2.14 × 10−6 and 3.10 × 10−4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. The samples with 10 wt.% Na+SYN-1 had a conductivity of 1.86 × 10−5 and 3.74 × 10−4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. TGA analyses revealed that the samples are thermally stable up to 190 °C and this did not change with clay addition. The transparency of the samples decreased with the increase in the clay content and at the same time their reflectance increased. Finally, CW-EPR was performed to identify the coordination environment of Cu2+ ions in the GG NPEs. The samples doped with the lowest copper concentration exhibit the typical EPR spectra due to isolated Cu2+ ions in axially distorted sites. At high concentrations, the spectra become isotropic because of dipolar and exchange magnetic effects. In summary, GG/clay NPEs presented good ionic conductivity results, which qualifies them for electrochemical device applications.

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Pleska, E., J. M. Fournier, J. Chiapusio, J. Rossat-Mignod, J. C. Spirlet, J. Rebizant, and O. Vogt. "ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF NpTe." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 49, no. C8 (December 1988): C8–493—C8–494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19888224.

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Fraser-Reid, Bert, J. Cristobal Lopez, Paloma Bernal-Albert, Ana M. Gomez, Clara Uriel, and Juan Ventura. "Glycosyl fluorides from n-pentenyl-related glycosyl donors — Application to glycosylation strategies." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 91, no. 1 (January 2013): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2012-0285.

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n-Pentenyl glycosides (NPGs) and n-pentenyl orthoesters (NPOEs) have been transformed into glycosyl fluorides by a variety of methods. In the case of NPGs, Barluenga’s reagent, bis(pyridinium)iodonium(I)tetrafluoroborate (IPy2BF4), gives good yields of glycosyl fluorides when HF–pyridine complex is used as an additional fluoride source. NPOEs can be activated either by a combination of electrophilic iodonium (Barluenga’s reagent) and HBF4 or by the action of HF–pyridine complex. The ensuing glycosyl fluorides form a semiorthogonal pair of glycosyl donors when confronted with NPGs.

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Chang, Hye-Sook, Daiji Endoh, Yushi Ishida, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Shuji Ozawa, Masanobu Hayashi, Akira Yabuki, and Osamu Yamato. "Radioprotective Effect of Alk(en)yl Thiosulfates Derived from Allium Vegetables against DNA Damage Caused by X-Ray Irradiation in Cultured Cells: Antiradiation Potential of Onions and Garlic." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/846750.

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To evaluate a radioprotective effect of sodiumn-propyl thiosulfate (NPTS) and sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate (2PTS) derived from onions and garlic, respectively, rat hepatoma H4IIE cells and mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells were preincubated with each of these compounds for 48 hours at 37°C before receiving 10 Gy of X-ray irradiation. Cell damage caused by the irradiation was quantified as comet tail moment, which represents the degree of DNA damage. X-ray-induced DNA damage was significantly decreased in both H4IIE and L5178Y cells by micromolar concentrations of NPTS and 2PTS compared with the control without the compounds. The protective effect was more potent with 2PTS than NPTS. Onions and garlic have antiradiation potential.

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Bock, C. H., T. R. Gottwald, P. E. Parker, F. Ferrandino, S. Welham, F. van den Bosch, and S. Parnell. "Some Consequences of Using the Horsfall-Barratt Scale for Hypothesis Testing." Phytopathology® 100, no. 10 (October 2010): 1030–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-09-0220.

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Comparing treatment effects by hypothesis testing is a common practice in plant pathology. Nearest percent estimates (NPEs) of disease severity were compared with Horsfall-Barratt (H-B) scale data to explore whether there was an effect of assessment method on hypothesis testing. A simulation model based on field-collected data using leaves with disease severity of 0 to 60% was used; the relationship between NPEs and actual severity was linear, a hyperbolic function described the relationship between the standard deviation of the rater mean NPE and actual disease, and a lognormal distribution was assumed to describe the frequency of NPEs of specific actual disease severities by raters. Results of the simulation showed standard deviations of mean NPEs were consistently similar to the original rater standard deviation from the field-collected data; however, the standard deviations of the H-B scale data deviated from that of the original rater standard deviation, particularly at 20 to 50% severity, over which H-B scale grade intervals are widest; thus, it is over this range that differences in hypothesis testing are most likely to occur. To explore this, two normally distributed, hypothetical severity populations were compared using a t test with NPEs and H-B midpoint data. NPE data had a higher probability to reject the null hypothesis (H0) when H0 was false but greater sample size increased the probability to reject H0 for both methods, with the H-B scale data requiring up to a 50% greater sample size to attain the same probability to reject the H0 as NPEs when H0 was false. The increase in sample size resolves the increased sample variance caused by inaccurate individual estimates due to H-B scale midpoint scaling. As expected, various population characteristics influenced the probability to reject H0, including the difference between the two severity distribution means, their variability, and the ability of the raters. Inaccurate raters showed a similar probability to reject H0 when H0 was false using either assessment method but average and accurate raters had a greater probability to reject H0 when H0 was false using NPEs compared with H-B scale data. Accurate raters had, on average, better resolving power for estimating disease compared with that offered by the H-B scale and, therefore, the resulting sample variability was more representative of the population when sample size was limiting. Thus, there are various circumstances under which H-B scale data has a greater risk of failing to reject H0 when H0 is false (a type II error) compared with NPEs.

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Ren, Bo. "Review of Contributions to the Special Edition: Symmetry in Integrable Systems: Theory and Application." Symmetry 15, no. 4 (April 19, 2023): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15040934.

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Bateman, Michael. "OUTSOURCING OF FLORIDA'S NPDES STORMWATER PROGRAM." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702785665120.

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Allhands, Marcus N. "STORMWATER SOLIDS REDUCTION FOR NPDES PERMITS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2004, no. 6 (January 1, 2004): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784106183.

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Madden, Jane E., and Thomas K. Walsh. "NPDES Permitting and Sustainability: Conflicting Goals?" Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2007, no. 12 (January 1, 2007): 6205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864707787969766.

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Shen, Shen, Zihui Zhai, Jiaqi Qin, Xue Zhang, and Yujiang Song. "Pyrolysis of self-assembled hemin on carbon for efficient oxygen reduction reaction." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 23, no. 09 (September 2019): 1013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619500585.

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The employment of inexpensive metallomacrocycles to create non-precious metal electrocatalysts (NPMEs) with high performance remains a challenge. Herein, we report the self-assembly of low-cost and abundant hemin on carbon black (EC600) under hydrothermal conditions in combination with subsequent pyrolysis, leading to a new NPME. Our NPME exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.89 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), an onset potential of 1.0 V vs. RHE and an average HO[Formula: see text] yield below 2% as well as high durability toward oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in alkaline electrolytes, ranking at the top of all reported NPMEs derived from hemin.

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Roman, Gretchen, and Matthew Paul Buman. "Preadmission predictors of graduation success from a physical therapy education program in the United States." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 16 (February 26, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.5.

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Purpose: The field of physical therapy education is seeking an evidence-based approach for admitting qualified applicants, as previous research has assessed various outcomes, impeding practical application. This study was conducted to identify preadmission criteria predictive of graduation success. Methods: Data from the 2013–2016 graduating cohorts (n=149) were collected. Predictors included verbal Graduate Record Examination rank percentile (VGRE%), quantitative GRE rank percentile, and analytical GRE rank percentile, the admissions interview, precumulative science grade point average (SGPA), precumulative grade point average (UGPA), and a reflective essay. The National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) and grade point average at the time of graduation (GGPA) were used as measures of graduation success. Two separate mixed-effects models determined the associations of preadmission predictors with NPTE performance and GGPA. Results: The NPTE model fit comparison showed significant results (degrees of freedom [df]=10, P=0.001), decreasing within-cohort variance by 59.5%. NPTE performance were associated with GGPA (β=125.21, P=0.001), and VGRE%, the interview, the essay, and GGPA (P≤0.001) impacted the model fit. The GGPA model fit comparison did not show significant results (df=8, P=0.56), decreasing within-cohort variance by 16.4%. The GGPA was associated with the interview (β=0.02, P=0.04) and UGPA (β=0.25, P=0.04), and VGRE%, the interview, UGPA, and the essay (P≤0.02) impacted model fit. Conclusion: In our findings, GGPA predicted NPTE performance, and the interview and UGPA predicted GGPA. Unlike past evidence, SGPA showed no predictive power. The essay and VGRE% warrant attention because of their influence on model fit. We recommend that admissions ranking matrices place a greater weight on the interview, UGPA, VGRE%, and essay.

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Dickson, Tara, Barrett Taylor, and Jason Zafereo. "Characteristics of Professional Physical Therapist Faculty and Doctor of Physical Therapy Programs, 2008-2017: Influences on Graduation Rates and First-Time National Physical Therapy Examination Pass Rates." Physical Therapy 100, no. 11 (August 4, 2020): 1930–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa148.

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Abstract Objective Graduation rates and first-time National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) pass rates among Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs have ranged from 30% to 100% and 0% to 100% between 2008 and 2017, respectively. Prior studies on predictors of graduation rates and NPTE pass rates from DPT programs have used cross-sectional data and have not studied faculty data. This study sought to understand how trends in DPT faculty and program characteristics correlated with graduation rates and first-time NPTE pass rates. Methods This study was a retrospective panel analysis of yearly data from 231 programs between 2008 and 2017. Random effects models estimated the correlations between faculty and program characteristics regarding graduation rates and first-time NPTE pass rates. Results Graduation rates peaked when programs devoted 25% of faculty time, on average, to scholarship. The number of peer-reviewed publications was positively correlated with graduation rates; however, the trend was logarithmic, indicating a diminishing rise in graduation rates as the number of publications exceeded 1 per faculty full-time equivalent. Tenure-track status, faculty of color, and part-time faculty were all negatively correlated with first-time NPTE pass rates. However, these 3 trends are likely not meaningful, because the predicted rates of decline in pass rates were minimal. Conclusions Faculty engagement in scholarly activities can positively influence graduation rates, but only up to a certain level of faculty time devoted to scholarship. Impact This is the first study to provide data on the influence of faculty on DPT student outcomes and will help education programs develop strategies to improve those outcomes.

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Zope, Harshal, Rounak Nande, Manish Jain, Charley Hubbard, Louisa Dowal, James Foti, James Loizeaux, et al. "Abstract 2745: The PLANET manufacturing process reproducibly generates high-quality neoantigen-targeted peripheral T cells (NPTs) for adoptive T cell therapy in the TiTAN clinical trial." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2745.

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Abstract Background: Neoantigen (neoAg)-specific T cells can be found in the peripheral blood of patients with solid tumors, and the infiltration of fresh, peripherally derived T cells into tumors has been associated with successful outcomes after checkpoint blockade therapy. We previously described the development of our PLANET™ manufacturing process to create NPTs, based on the empirical identification of neoAgs using the ex vivo ATLAS™ bioassay, for adoptive transfer into patients with cancer. We have initiated the TiTAN™ clinical trial (NCT04596033) to evaluate this candidate immunotherapy, GEN-011, in subjects with checkpoint refractory solid tumors. Here we report the successful manufacturing of NPTs to support the ongoing trial. Methods: Apheresis, FFPE tumor and saliva samples were procured from subjects who consented to participate in the trial. Monocytes and T cells were isolated and cryopreserved. Patient-specific neoAgs against which their T cells were responsive were identified with ATLAS, and up to 30 neoAgs were prioritized for manufacture; pro-tumor Inhibigens™ were excluded. Cryopreserved peripheral blood monocytes and T cells were thawed, monocytes derived into dendritic cells, and then neoAg-specific T cells expanded in the fully closed PLANET manufacturing process. The NPTs were formulated and cryopreserved for administration to patients after release testing. Results: Subjects with five different solid tumor types contributed to these data: CSC, NSCLC, SCLC, SCCHN, and melanoma. A median of 2.1bn monocytes and 6bn T cells were cryopreserved from apheresis products (N=17). The median TMB was 1.8mut/Mb (range 0.01-36.6) with 473 somatic mutations (range 32-8893); the number of non-synonymous mutations ranged from 9 to 767. ATLAS screens identified a mean of 13±4 neoAgs and 11±3 Inhibigens, resulting in an average of 13 (range 2-30) unique neoAgs in each PLANET manufacturing process. Upon conclusion of manufacturing, the mean yield per patient was 1.6±0.3bn NPTs across runs (N=9) completed by the time of data cutoff. Characterization tests revealed the NPTs were consistently 80-90% CD8+ and 10-20% CD4+ T cells, of which 97% (range 64.9-99.8%) were effector memory and 1% (range 0.1-32.3%) central memory. The median purity at release was 98% with 82% viability. By functional assessments, the NPTs retained specificity for 91% (range 82-100%) of their intended neoAg targets (N=4). Administratable doses were successfully manufactured for 100% of patients to date. Conclusions: NPTs can routinely be manufactured in a GMP setting to treat patients with solid tumors. By expanding fresh, non-exhausted NeoAg-specific T cells with known tumor specificity from the periphery, GEN-011 has the potential to provide clinical benefits of TIL with greater accessibility and minimal irrelevant T cells. The TiTAN trial is ongoing. Citation Format: Harshal Zope, Rounak Nande, Manish Jain, Charley Hubbard, Louisa Dowal, James Foti, James Loizeaux, Crystal Cabral, Daniel B. DeOliveira, Guohan Yang, Mercay Reuter, Jessica Baker Flechtner, Raymond Stapleton. The PLANET manufacturing process reproducibly generates high-quality neoantigen-targeted peripheral T cells (NPTs) for adoptive T cell therapy in the TiTAN clinical trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2745.

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Jackowski, J., M. Żmuda, and M. Wieczorek. "Quasi-static research of cornering stiffness for selected tires of UTV/ATV vehicles." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1247, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1247/1/012012.

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Abstract The cornering stiffness is an important feature of the tire influences the dynamic behavior of the vehicle in curvilinear motion. The article presents results of quasi-static research of cornering stiffness. Two non-pneumatic tires (NPTs) of similar size and a pneumatic tire for utility terrain vehicles (UTVs) or all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) were selected for the research. The analysis of the research results showed a significant influence of the flexible structure of NPTs on the values of lateral forces.

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Sentanin, Franciani C., Willian R. Caliman, Rodrigo C. Sabadini, Carla C. S. Cavalheiro, Rui F. P. Pereira, Maria M. Silva, and Agnieszka Pawlicka. "Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes of Sodium Alginate and Montmorillonite Clay." Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082139.

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Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) were synthesized using sodium alginate (Alg) and either sodium (SCa-3-Na+)- or lithium (SCa-3-Li+)-modified montmorillonite clays. The samples were characterized by structural, optical, and electrical properties. SCa-3-Na+ and SCa-3-Li+ clays’ X-ray structural analyses revealed peaks at 2θ = 7.2° and 6.7° that corresponded to the interlamellar distances of 12.3 and 12.8 Å, respectively. Alg-based NPEs X-ray diffractograms showed exfoliated structures for samples with low clay percentages. The increase of clay content promoted the formation of intercalated structures. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy revealed that Alg-based NPEs with 5 wt% of SCa-3-Na+ clay presented the highest conductivity of 1.96 × 10−2 S/cm2, and Alg with 10 wt% of SCa-3-Li+ showed conductivity of 1.30 × 10−2 S/cm2, both measured at 70 °C. From UV-Vis spectroscopy, it was possible to infer that increasing concentration of clay promoted a decrease of the samples’ transmittance and, consequently, an increase of their reflectance.

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Utzman, Ralph R., Daniel L. Riddle, and Dianne V. Jewell. "Use of Demographic and Quantitative Admissions Data to Predict Performance on the National Physical Therapy Examination." Physical Therapy 87, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060222.

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Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether admissions data could be used to estimate physical therapist student risk for failing the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). Subjects: A nationally representative sample of 20 physical therapist education programs provided data on 3,365 students. Methods: Programs provided data regarding demographic characteristics, undergraduate grade point average (uGPA), and quantitative and verbal Graduate Record Examination scores (qGRE, vGRE). The Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy provided NPTE data. Data were analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression. Results: A prediction rule that included uGPA, vGRE, qGRE, and race or ethnicity was developed from the entire sample. Prediction rules for individual programs showed large variation. Discussion and Conclusion: Undergraduate grade point average, GRE scores, and race or ethnicity can be useful for estimating student risk for failing the NPTE. Programs should use GPA and GRE scores along with other data to calculate their own estimates of student risk.

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Luo, Weiyu, Wei Guo, Songhua Hu, Mofeng Yang, Xinyuan Hu, and Chenfeng Xiong. "Flatten the curve: Empirical evidence on how non-pharmaceutical interventions substituted pharmaceutical treatments during COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): e0258379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258379.

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During the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Non-Pharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical treatments were alternative strategies for governments to intervene. Though many of these intervention methods proved to be effective to stop the spread of COVID-19, i.e., lockdown and curfew, they also posed risk to the economy; in such a scenario, an analysis on how to strike a balance becomes urgent. Our research leverages the mobility big data from the University of Maryland COVID-19 Impact Analysis Platform and employs the Generalized Additive Model (GAM), to understand how the social demographic variables, NPTs (Non-Pharmaceutical Treatments) and PTs (Pharmaceutical Treatments) affect the New Death Rate (NDR) at county-level. We also portray the mutual and interactive effects of NPTs and PTs on NDR. Our results show that there exists a specific usage rate of PTs where its marginal effect starts to suppress the NDR growth, and this specific rate can be reduced through implementing the NPTs.

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Klassen, Benjamin J., Nathan J. Lachowsky, Sally Yue Lin, Joshua B. Edward, Sarah A. Chown, Robert S. Hogg, David M. Moore, and Eric A. Roth. "Gay Men’s Understanding and Education of New HIV Prevention Technologies in Vancouver, Canada." Qualitative Health Research 27, no. 12 (July 1, 2017): 1775–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732317716419.

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Effective rollout of HIV treatment-based prevention such as pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention has been hampered by poor education, limited acceptability, and stigma among gay men. We undertook a thematic analysis regarding the education sources and acceptability of these New Prevention Technologies (NPTs) using 15 semistructured interviews with gay men in Vancouver, Canada, who were early adopters of NPTs. NPT education was derived from a variety of sources, including the Internet, health care providers, community organizations, sexual partners, and peers; participants also emphasized their own capacities as learners and educators. Acceptable forms of NPT education featured high-quality factual information, personal testimony, and easy access. Stigma was highlighted as a major barrier. For public health, policy makers, and gay communities to optimize the personal and population benefits of NPTs, there is a need for increased community support and dialogue, antistigma efforts, early NPT adopter testimony, and personalized implementation strategies.

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Haile, Asnake Sahele, Weldegebriel Yohannes, and Yedilfana Setarge Mekonnen. "Oxygen reduction reaction on Pt-skin Pt3V(111) fuel cell cathode: a density functional theory study." RSC Advances 10, no. 46 (2020): 27346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02972f.

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Pt-non-precious transition metals (Pt-NPTMs) alloy electrocatalysts have gained considerable attention to develop cheaper and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).

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Kime, Robin, Kellie DuBay, Patrick Bradley, and Joel Salter. "Watershed-Based NPDES Permitting: Policy and Implementation." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2003, no. 6 (January 1, 2003): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864703784641711.

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Tonning, B. W., and K. Brewer. "IMPLEMENTING ANTIDEGRADATION POLICIES FOR NPDES PERMIT PROGRAMS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2005, no. 16 (January 1, 2005): 939–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864705783867701.

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Stiegler, Mayo H. "NPDES Noncompliance Triggers CWA Citizen-suit Provisions." Journal - American Water Works Association 97, no. 6 (June 2005): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2005.tb10905.x.

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Perry, James R., Mercay Reuter, Victoria L. DeVault, Adrienne Li, Harshal Zope, Daniel B. DeOliveira, Pranay D. Khare, et al. "Expanded ATLAS™-identified neoantigen-specific peripheral T cells (NPTs) demonstrate considerable neoantigen breadth, polyfunctionality, and effector function." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2021): 58.08. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.58.08.

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Abstract Adoptive T cell therapy using ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has resulted in notable tumor regression across multiple solid tumor indications. Despite their success, TIL harvest requires invasive surgery and sterile isolation. In addition, extracted cells from an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) often have impaired functions, low neoantigen-specificity and require high dose cytokine for expansion. All possible reasons for non-responders or post-treatment relapse. Generating T cell therapies specifically expanded against neoantigen targets and derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes may overcome these limitations. The ATLAS bioassay identifies patient-specific neoantigen targets of T cells, and Inhibigens™, tumor antigens that are detrimental to protective immune responses. Using PLANET™, a robust and scalable closed manufacturing process, T cells specific for up to 30 ATLAS-identified neoantigens (excluding Inhibigens) are expanded, providing considerable breadth of tumor recognition and the potential to limit tumor escape. Use of peripheral T cells leverages robust cells not suppressed by the TME and eliminates the need for invasive tumor resection. Our data show that NPTs are specific for up to 89% of targeted neoantigens, consist of non-exhausted effector and central memory cells, and express proliferative and tissue homing markers. NPTs are highly polyfunctional, secreting multiple combinations of IFNγ, Granzyme B, TNFα, and MIP1α in response to specific neoantigens. Evaluation of markers for memory-progenitor stem-like features in NPTs are being explored and will be discussed. The TITAN™ clinical trial evaluating GEN-011 NPTs is ongoing (NCT04596033).

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Lemley, Mark A., and Robin Feldman. "Patent Licensing, Technology Transfer, and Innovation." American Economic Review 106, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161092.

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Traditional justifications for patents are based on direct or indirect contribution to product creation. Non-practicing entities (NPEs) might provide such innovation, either directly, through working the patent or transfer of technology to others who do, or indirectly, when others copy. Available evidence suggests, however, that ex post licensing demands from NPEs do not normally involve these activities. Some have argued that patents are valuable without01/technology transfer because the ability to exclude may drive commercialization that would not otherwise occur. We demonstrate that even if commercialization theories sometimes justify patent protection, they cannot justify most NPE lawsuits or licensing demands.

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Bock, Clive H., Bruce W. Wood, Frank van den Bosch, Stephen Parnell, and Tim R. Gottwald. "The Effect of Horsfall-Barratt Category Size on the Accuracy and Reliability of Estimates of Pecan Scab Severity." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (June 2013): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-12-0781-re.

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Pecan scab (Fusicladium effusum) is a destructive pecan disease. Disease assessments may be made using interval-scale-based methods or estimates of severity to the nearest percent area diseased. To explore the effects of rating method—Horsfall-Barratt (H-B) scale estimates versus nearest percent estimates (NPEs)—on the accuracy and reliability of severity estimates over different actual pecan scab severity ranges on fruit valves, raters assessed two cohorts of images with actual area (0 to 6, 6+ to 25%, and 25+ to 75%) diseased. Mean estimated disease within each actual disease severity range varied substantially. Means estimated by NPE within each actual disease severity range were not necessarily good predictors of the H-B scale estimate at <25% severity. H-B estimates by raters most often placed severity in the wrong category compared with actual disease. Measures of bias, accuracy, precision, and agreement using Lin's concordance correlation depended on the range of actual severity, with improvements increasing with actual disease severity category (from 0 to 6 through 25+ to 75%); however, the improvement was unaffected by the H-B assessments. Bootstrap analysis indicated that NPEs provided either equally good or more accurate and precise estimate of disease compared with the H-B scale at severities of 25+ to 75%. Inter-rater reliability using NPEs was greater at 25+ to 75% actual disease severity compared with using the H-B scale. Using NPEs compared with the H-B scale will more often result in more precise and accurate estimates of pecan scab severity, particularly when estimating actual disease severities of 25+ to 75%.

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Stewart, G. R., R. G. Haire, J. C. Spirlet, and J. Rebizant. "Specific heats of NpTe and PuTe." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 177, no. 1 (December 1991): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(91)90067-6.

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