Дисертації з теми "Nouveaux carbones"
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COULON, ESTELLE. "Nouveaux materiaux carbones comme support de la chimie combinatoire." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077250.
Повний текст джерелаSimond, Wikenson. "Nouveaux matériaux d'électrodes carbones pour la préparation industrielle du fluor." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066817.
Повний текст джерелаSescousse, Romain. "Nouveaux matériaux cellulosiques ultra-poreux et leurs carbones à partir de solvants verts." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00618528.
Повний текст джерелаKerdi, Fatmé. "Nouveaux carbones mésostructurés comme supports de nanoparticules d'or pour des oxydations sélectives aérobies." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833320.
Повний текст джерелаKerdi, Fatmé. "Nouveaux carbones mésostructurés comme supports de nanoparticules d’or pour des oxydations sélectives aérobies." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10170/document.
Повний текст джерелаHighly dispersed gold nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous carbons CMK-3 have been obtained by an original method which consists in replicating mesoporous SBA-15 silicas containing gold nanoparticles. The gold particle size is smaller when the silica surface is functionalized with a thiol (mercaptopropyl graft, MPTMS) (dAu ~ 2 nm) than with an ammonium (TPTAC) (dAu ~ 6 nm). The gold particle size in replicas can be controlled by both the calcination temperature of the silica template and the pyrolysis temperature of the carbon source. Although the carbon replicas are much better dispersed in non polar solvents than the corresponding silica templates, they are less active in the aerobic oxidations of cyclohexene and trans-stilbene in the liquid phase. The best performances in the oxidation of these two molecules have been obtained on replicas pyrolysed at 750°C and containing gold particles with an average size of about 2 nm. The very small particles are unexpectedly less active probably because they are completely coated by carbon, and thus inaccessible. The catalytic performances of our replicas have been compared with those of a Au/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by colloidal deposition onto a preformed mesoporous carbon replica. The results show that our catalysts are much less active than that prepared by colloidal deposition because the majority of particles in our replicas are covered by carbon. The inaccessibility of particles to gases has been confirmed by hydrogen chemisorption on a Pt/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by an identical method
Almeida, Caroline Françolle de. "Nouveaux matériaux d’échangeurs de chaleur pour l’agroalimentaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2021_0205_FRANCOLLE_DE_ALMEIDA.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, carbonaceous materials were studied in their raw, impregnated, chemically grafted or coated state to replace stainless steel in heat exchangers and reduce fouling while improving energy efficiency. Different materials have been used: (i) graphite and graphite-based composites; (ii) glassy carbon with controlled surface energy and roughness to become bases of Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surface (SLIPS), and treated to become superhydrophobic. In addition, polymer-based coatings and surfaces with a 3D-printed texture were also prepared. Once these surfaces were characterized (composition, structure, surface properties, thermal conductivity), they were tested in terms of anti-fouling and fouling-release properties in a pasteurization pilot at l’institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement in Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. Among all these materials, graphite and graphite- polytetrafluoroethylene composite as well as Polyvinylidene fluoride and PTFE-based coatings showed good fouling-release properties. Glassy carbon became superhydrophilic after reactive ion etching, could be converted into SLIPS by introducing canola oil, and became superhydrophobic by grafting perfluorosilane chains onto it. The results of fouling tests showed that the more hydrophobic the surface, the greater the fouling mass, but that good fouling-release properties can be expected if their superhydrophobic character, or oil trapping for SLIPS, can be maintained over time. On the other hand, the fouling-release properties depend strongly on the product used and the process conditions as well as on surface properties such as roughness and surface energy
Ottaviani, Bernard. "Intercalation des alcalins et des halogènes dans de nouveaux matériaux carbones dopés au bore." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10645.
Повний текст джерелаCrassous, Isabelle. "Contribution à la mise au point d'un nouvel électrolyseur pour la production de fluor en milieu sel fondu KF-2HF." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066704.
Повний текст джерелаSzczurek, Andrzej. "Nouveaux gels organiques et carbonés dérivés de composés phénoliques naturels et synthétiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10079/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis describes new carbon gels that are much cheaper than their traditional counterparts derived from resorcinol - formaldehyde (RF) resin dried with supercritical CO2 before pyrolysis, but presenting similar features. Such result was obtained through two parallel routes: (1) the search for cheap precursors able to form chemical gels having suitable densities and mechanical properties; (2) the search for alternative drying methods, such as freeze-drying and supercritical drying with acetone or ethanol. After pyrolysis, new carbon cryogels and aerogels, respectively, were obtained. Half of the work presented here is thus based on the use of (flavonoid) mimosa tannins, which are cheap natural molecules. We show that tannins allow the preparation of highly porous carbons presenting much more versatile textural characteristics, but in some cases similar to those of materials derived from RF. The latter have a production cost five times higher than that of the tannin-based carbon aerogels reported here, which are definitely the cheapest of the market
Brotons, Valérie. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux carbonés : c60 et nanotubes de carbone. Potentiel d'application à la catalyse hétérogène." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20045.
Повний текст джерелаDiaz, Chacon Lurayni. "Influence de charges carbonées sur la dissipation thermique de nouveaux composites diélectriques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT320/document.
Повний текст джерелаMost electronic and electrical equipment are coated or encapsulated by epoxy resin due to its physical, chemical and dielectric properties. However, this material has a major drawback: its low thermal conductivity ( 0.2 W / mK). In this context, we have developed and characterized epoxy / carbon composites in order to improve the thermal conductivity of this type of resin while maintaining its dielectric properties. We have tested the potential of a wide range of carbonaceous fillers, structures, shapes and sizes (spheres, tubes and plates), such as carbon micro-spheres and multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by CVD and PECVD, but also industrial fillers: graphite nano-platelets (exfoliated graphite), petroleum coke, synthetic and natural graphite. Large composite samples (50 x 50 x 4 mm) were prepared from a DGEBA engineering resin of high viscosity 8.5-15 Pa.s, by varying the charge vol%. The thermal properties of the composites were measured from the transient plane source technique (hot disk). The best results are obtained from graphite nano-platelets: the thermal conductivity reach (0.55 W / mK) for a maximum load of 2.67 vol%.. The relative increase of thermal conductivity is 66% to 1 vol.%. This increase is particularly high to the extent that the best results reported so far is 20% / vol% for resins with lower viscosity, type DGEBF (2.5 - 4.5 Pa.s). The allowable concentration (1.3 vol.%) to maintain a sufficiently high electrical resistivity (> 105 ohm.m) permits to increase of the thermal conductivity to 100% (0.37 W / mK) compared to the initial resin. These results are interpreted in terms of transport of acoustic phonons in the composite two-phase system. Graphite nano-platelets are characterized by anisotropic shapes with a surface of about 26 x 26 microns whose thickness is of the order of 6 nm. They combine an ordered periodic structure in graphene planes (characterization by XPS, EDX and XRD), and a high aspect ratio ( 4300), estimated using various techniques: TEM, SEM and BET. We show that graphite exfoliation permit to increase the aspect ratio of graphite nanoplatelets, maintaining large micronic graphene surface, and without generating structural defects is a challenge. This peculiar 2D morphology allows on one hand, to retain or even increase the intrinsic filler conductivity, favored in the graphene planes, and on another hand, due to their high surface area, to ensure after their dispersion in the resin, a better transport of acoustic phonons through the composite
Wang, Dong. "Nouveaux catalyseurs recyclables pour les réactions de formation de liaisons carbone-carbone et carbone-azote." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0128/document.
Повний текст джерелаCatalysts based on dendrimers and magnetic nanoparticles are becoming increasing utilized in the context of green and sustainable chemistry, because they are easily separated by precipitation or by using asimple magnet respectively, and they are recyclable. In this spirit, the thesis has been devoted to the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles-immobilized molecular, nano-and dendritic catalysts involving Ru, Cu and Pd. Magnetically recyclable ruthenium(II) and Cu(I) complexes and Pd nanoparticles have provided excellent catalytic performances in terms of activity, stability and recyclability, using alkyne-azide cycloaddition and carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions. The synthesis of mono-and polymetallic palladium complexes containing the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand or nonabranch-derived ligands has also been carried out, and their catalytic properties in coupling reactions has been studied
Souquet-Grumey, Julien. "Fonctionnalisation de nouveaux composites carbone-carbone et leur valorisation en catalyse hétérogène." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2316.
Повний текст джерелаMaaliki, Carine. "Nouveaux ligands phospho-carbonés : synthèse et chimie de coordination." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1721/.
Повний текст джерелаThe project developed during this PhD thesis aims at the elaboration of novel ligands with extreme donor character for applications in catalysis. The first part of this work, reports on the synthesis of electron-poor phosphorus ligands especially imidazoliophosphines. The positive charge of the imidazolium moiety of these ligands is conjugated with the phosphorus atom. Thereby, two synthesis methods were developed; while the first consists on the modification of the substituents at the phosphorus atom, the second aims to introduce an additional cationic charge. Both methods have yielded three types of electron-poor ligands, namely the amidiniophosphonites, the di-amidiniophosphines and the cationic hydroxyphosphines. The limits of the coordination of these ligands have been evidenced by the preparation of a series of rhodium (I) complexes. By marked contrast, the second part of this project, concerns the synthesis of electron-rich phosphonium ylide ligands, more particularly the diphosphonium bis-ylides. These ligands were elaborated from the 1,2- or 1,3-diphenylphosphinobenzene bridge, prior to complexation. Preparation of chiral phosphonium ylides were also considered. Finally, the third part of this work focuses on the elaboration of hybrid "rich-poor" ligands having a carbene (NHC) and an amidiniophosphine coordinating extremities. These hybrid bidente ligands were developed for catalytic but also for photo-physic (charge transfer) applications. These new ligands with extreme donating character, electron-poor for the amidiniophosphines, and electron-rich for phosphonium ylides, open interesting perspectives in catalysis
Méjean, Chloé. "Élaboration de nouveaux matériaux absorbants : application en chambres anéchoïques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S153.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work focused on the study of new materials for electromagnetic absorption in anechoic chambers. This subject arose from the study of a new matrix which was never used for electromagnetic absorbers until then: the epoxy foam. This foam has many advantages compared to the matrices usually used in the trade like the possibility of cutting complex shapes out of them or trapping the charge in the core of the absorber...This matrix was associated to different carbonaceous load (carbon black, graphite and carbon fibers). The combination of epoxy foam with millimeter carbon fibers has shown better absorption performance at very low loading rates: 0.5 %wt (S11 ≈ -40 dB between 4 and 18 GHz under normal and oblique incidences). The use of different fiber lengths showed that it is possible to improve absorption performance at low frequencies using long carbon fibers. Finally, we directed our work on the creation of an absorbent material from a cork matrix. These new materials, made from bio-based materials, have shown better absorption performance than a commercial absorber, with the same dimensions in normal incidence (S11 = -54 dB and S11 = - 27 dB respectively at 4.26 GHz) and oblique incidence (S11 = -51 dB and S11 = -30 dB respectively at 4.26 GHz) and are therefore potential candidates for the replacement of existing commercial absorbent materials
Dabonot, Aurore. "Nouveaux matériaux pour les supercondensateurs : développement et caractérisation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI092/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the study of electrode materials for supercapacitors. These storage devices have a significant power density of several kW/kg. Asymmetric systems have been developed in order to increase the energy density of these components while trying to maintain a high power density. They consist of a classic capacitive electrode made of activated carbon and a faradaic electrode. Two approaches have been broached regarding that non-blocking electrode: • Mainly, the use of lithium titanate Li4Ti5O12 which is a lithium insertion material usually used in Li-ion battery electrodes. It appeared that for hybrid systems including a negative electrode only made of Li4Ti5O12, the energy density is greatly reduced beyond 1 kW/kg. The use of composite negative electrodes made of activated carbon and Li4Ti5O12 is recommended so as to maintain good performances both in energy and power. Thus, for a power density of 2 kW/kg, the energy density of the developed hybrid system remains 1.5 superior to the one of an activated carbon / activated carbon symmetric system tested in the same conditions. • Secondly, the use of manganese dioxide MnO2, a pseudo-capacitive material involving redox reactions. The study has been focused on the synthesis of the metal oxide and then on the synthesis of a composite material by self-assembly. The aim is to aggregate small manganese dioxide particles around a carbon backbone. Such a microstructure offers a high specific surface area of active material directly in contact with a network having a good electronic conductivity. The obtained MnO2 + VGCF composite material has been tested as positive electrode in an asymmetric system, facing an activated carbon electrode. Thus, the stability window of the aqueous electrolyte has been multiplied by 1.5 compared to an activated carbon / activated carbon system. Finally, diamond has been considered as a supercapacitor electrode material in an explorative view since it offers a wide electrochemical stability window in water (around 3 V). The interest for tridimensional structures has been evidenced, e.g. a “needles” architecture allows to obtain a surfacic capacity ten times higher than the one obtained with a flat architecture
Hentour, Karim. "Nouveaux revêtements nanocomposites chargés en espèces carbonées pour applications tribologiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30229.
Повний текст джерелаAustenitic stainless steels are widely used in industry. Recognized for their resistance to corrosion, they are also known for their high susceptibility to adhesive wear (seizure). This results in accelerated material degradation leading to sudden failures, loss of performance and increased operating costs. CETIM and CIRIMAT are actively exploring solutions based on protective coatings in order to reduce the friction coefficient and the wear volume. Carbon-loaded sols are prepared and deposited by dip-coating on 304L stainless steel substrates. After gelation and heat-treatment in an inert atmosphere, carbon-ceramic coatings about 2 to 7 μm thick are obtained. Two matrices (alumina and alumina-silica) are studied, as well as different carbonaceous fillers: commercial graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNT) with an average number of walls equal to 2, 8 or 20. Rotative friction tests performed according to the ASTM G99 standard (steel ball, normal load 2N, velocity 10 cm/s, distance 250 m) have shown that the graphite-alumina coatings show a lower friction coefficient and a lower wear than the alumina- and CNT-alumina coatings. We show that the total available carbon surface area in the sample is the relevant parameter and that the progressive exfoliation of graphite to flew-layered-graphene (2-5) during the test generates new surfaces in situ whereas the CNT do not sustain any major damage. We bring to light the formation of a lubricating tribofilm in the contact between the friction ball and the composite coating. Therefore, we have focused on the pre-exfoliation of graphite in the sol by different methods. We show that a method involving high shear stresses allows an efficient pre-exfoliation of graphite, the carbon surface area being 1300 times higher than when performing the dispersion using an ultrasonic probe. We show that the BLG-alumina samples have the lowest wear volumes (0.0023 mm3) and friction coefficient (0.14) reported in this work. The last chapter is devoted to the study of the adhesion of the coating to the substrate and to the tribological behavior of the coatings in a severe industrial test (ASTM G133). It is notably demonstrated that the alumina-silica matrix coatings show a better adhesion than the alumina-matrix ones
Hošťálek, Zdeněk. "Conversion de catalyseurs d'oxydes de carbone en nouveaux matériaux polymères." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0016/document.
Повний текст джерелаA series of salphen complexes based on Cr, Co and Fe was synthesized and used as catalysts in ring-opening copolymerization of different substrates: (i) epoxides with carbon monoxide (CO), (ii) epoxides with anhydrides and (iii) epoxides with carbon dioxide (CO2). Additionally, a screening of catalytic activity for the last substrate was performed with novel Zn, Al and Mg non-salen based complexes.The first part of the Thesis deals with the copolymerization of propylene oxide with carbon monoxide using asymmetric salphen chromium complex and Co2(CO)8 in order to prepare a synthetic equivalent of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) otherwise accessible by fermentation of various substrates. Very poor catalytic performances towards carbonylated products (PHB or β-butyrolactone (BBL)) were observed with any of the two complexes. The combination of both salphen chromium and Co2(CO)8 complexes led to increased formation of BBL. Low molar mass poly(ester-co-ether) was only prepared, suggesting a poor compatibility of selected complexes.The second part of the work is focused on the copolymerization of epoxides with anhydrides catalyzed by salphen chromium or iron complexes combined with simple organic bases as cocatalysts. Salphen complexes alone were almost inactive, while in the presence of bis(triphenylphosphineiminium)chloride (PPNCl) they afforded highly alternating polyesters with molar mass up to 10 kg.mol-1 and low dispersity. Surprisingly, organic bases alone afforded similar, highly alternating polyesters at five-time lower polymerization rate. PPNCl was found to be an effective catalyst for the highly alternating copolymerization of various epoxides and anhydrides.The last part of our investigations refers to the copolymerization of epoxides with CO2 using salphen chromium and especially salphen cobalt complexes. Cobalt catalysts were significantly more active in propylene oxide (PO)/CO2 and cyclohexene oxide (CHO)/CO2 copolymerization compared to their chromium analogues. Highly alternating polycarbonates (> 99%) with low dispersity and molar mass 10-35 kg.mol-1 were prepared by salphen cobalt complexes. Kinetic studies showed that these polymerizations are controlled and MALDI-TOF MS analysis was used for initiation mechanism clarification. Compared to widely investigated salen Co catalysts, salphen Co complexes exhibit lower activity (100-450 h-1) and selectivity to polymer (40-90%) in propylene oxide/CO2 copolymerization, while 100% selectivity to polycarbonate was achieved in the copolymerization of CHO and CO2. Alternatively, new Al, Zn and Mg-based catalysts were tested for CO2 activation, however, they usually led only to epoxide homopolymerization
V této práci byla připravena řada salfenových komplexů na bázi chromu, kobaltu a železa. Tyto komplexy byly použity jako katalyzátory pro kopolymerizace epoxidů s různými substráty: (i) s oxidem uhelnatým (CO), (ii) s anhydridy a (iii) s oxidem uhličitým (CO2). U nových komplexů na bázi zinku, hliníku a hořčíku byla dále testována možnost jejich použití jako katalyzátorů pro kopolymerizace epoxidů s CO2.První část práce se zabývá kopolymerizací epoxidů s oxidem uhelnatým s využitím asymetrického salfenového komplexu na bázi chromu a Co2(CO)8 s cílem připravit kopolymer na bázi přírodního polyhydroxybutyrátu (PHB). Salfenový komplex chromu i Co2(CO)8 vykazovaly velmi nízké aktivity při karbonylaci propylenoxidu a poskytovaly pouze nepatrné množství produktů (cyklického β-butyrolaktonu a PHB). Kombinace obou katalytických komplexů vedla k výraznému zvýšení aktivity ve prospěch cyklického produktu (β-butyrolaktonu) i polymeru. Kopolymerizací PO s CO byl získán pouze nízkomolekulární poly(ester-co-ether), což naznačuje špatnou vzájemnou kompatibilitu těchto komplexů.Druhá část je zaměřena na kopolymerizace epoxidů s anhydridy katalyzované salfenovými komplexy chromu a železa v kombinaci s jednoduchými organickými bázemi. Samotné salfenové komplexy chromu a železa nevedly ke vzniku polymeru. V kombinaci s nukleofilním kokatalyzátorem bis(trifenylfosfin)iminium chloridem (PPNCl) ovšem tyto komplexy poskytly alternující kopolymery epoxidu a anhydridu (polyestery) s molárními hmotnostmi do 10 kg.mol-1 a nízkou dispersitou. Dále bylo zjištěno, že samotné organické báze poskytují podobně jako salfenové komplexy vysoce alternující kopolymery se srovnatelnou molární hmotností i úzkou dispersitou, i když je zapotřebí 5x delších polymerizačních časů. Nejvyšší účinnost ze všech testovaných bází měl PPNCl. Tato báze byla dále efektivně použita pro kopolymerizace řady epoxidů a anhydridů za vzniku vysoce alternujících kopolymerů. Třetí část pojednává o kopolymerizacích epoxidů s CO2 s využitím salfenových komplexů chromu a kobaltu. Bylo zjištěno, že kobaltové komplexy jsou oproti chromovým mnohem efektivnější katalyzátory jak při kopolymerizacích propylenoxidu (PO) s CO2 tak i cyklohexenoxidu (CHO) s CO2. Salfenové komplexy kobaltu poskytly polykarbonáty s vysokým obsahem karbonátových jednotek v kopolymeru (> 99%), úzkou dispersitou a s molárními hmotnostmi 10-35 kg.mol-1. Studie kinetiky odhalila kontrolovaný průběh kopolymerizace. Dále byla provedena MALDI-TOF analýza výsledných polykarbonátů s cílem objasnit mechanismus iniciace kopolymerizace. Ve srovnání se salenovými komplexy kobaltu vykazují salfenové komplexy při kopolymerizacích PO s CO2 nižší aktivitu (100-450 h-1) i selektivitu na polykarbonát (40-90%). Při kopolymerizacích CHO s CO2 byla ovšem selektivita 100%. Nové komplexy na bázi Al, Mg a Zn byly také testovány jako katalyzátory pro kopolymerizace epoxidů s CO2, nicméně jejich aktivita byla nízká a výsledkem těchto reakcí byly pouze polykarbonáty s nízkým podílem karbonátových jednotek nebo polyethery
Haquette, Pierre. "Nouveaux processus d'activation : application à la préparation d'organométalliques riches en carbone." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10199.
Повний текст джерелаCompanys, Simon. "Nouveaux iodanes chiraux pour des réactions asymétriques sans métal : développements méthodologiques pour la création de liaisons carbone–carbone." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0445/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe chemistry of hypervalent organoiodine compounds (i.e., iodanes) has unarguably experienced an impressive development since the early 1990s, as evidenced by both the diversity of iodane reagents that are commercially available today and the number of chemical transformations that those reagents can promote.Over the last decade, the elaboration of new chiral iodanes and their applications in asymmetric synthesis have attracted special interests and research efforts. Most ofthem are involved in highly selective carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions (C–O, C–N, C–F…). However, C–C bond-forming reactions in a stereoselective fashion with chiral iodane are yet underexploited. In this context, our research group reported the synthesis of new biarylic and Salen-type chiral λ5‐iodanes and their successful application to the asymmetric hydroxylative phenol dearomatization of 2alkylphenols, with enantiomeric excesses (ee) above 90%. This thesis work is dedicated to the development of new chiral λ3‐iodanes bearing transferable carbon-basedligands for metal‐free asymmetric C–C bond construction. In particular, the synthesis of chiral biphenylic bis(alkynyl-λ3-iodanes) and their successful application to the enantioselective alkynylation of β‐ketoesters (up to 68% ee) and 2‐substituted naphthols (up to 84% ee) are described
Awad, Abdel salam. "Nouveaux composés ternaires à base de magnésium : structure, propriétés de sorption d'hydrogène et propriétés physiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0215/document.
Повний текст джерелаA drastic reduction of emissions requires a partial or a full phase-out of fossil fuels and switch to renewable based energy production. Hydrogen appears to be a potential candidate to replace hydrocarbon fuels for producing clean energy. In this context, production and storage of hydrogen is one of the key challenges in developing the hydrogen economy.The objective of this thesis is to produce hydrogen from Mg-based materials using (i) hydrolysis and (ii) microwaves methods.The first aim of this thesis is to elaborate Mg-based materials with good hydrolysis kinetics and high yield of hydrogen generation (i.e. reducing the formation of the passivation layer on magnesium). For this study, we focalize essentially on the effect of various additives (Transition metals, Carbon or Oxides) on the hydrolysis reaction of Mg-based materials. The mixtures were prepared by ball milling. Chloride solution (3.5 wt. % NaCl, i.e. sea water) was used as reaction medium to beneficiate of chloride ions effect. Our strategy, to solve the problems related to the low absorption/desorption kinetics (even at high temperature (i.e. 350°C) of Mg-based materials, is based on microwaves energy application. Our second goal for this thesis is to investigate the dehydriding reaction of magnesium hydride catalyzed by carbon (i.e.MgH2 – C) under microwave irradiations. We have studied the effects of microwaves on the kinetics of hydrogen desorption, the morphology and sorption properties of Mg powder after microwave treatment. On the other hand, we have presented another microwaves application which appears very promising: production of fine titanium powder from titanium hydride
Figura, Florent. "Rhéologie d’un nouveau matériau granulaire carboné." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI009.
Повний текст джерелаCarbone Savoie is a French company specialized in the production of carbon and graphite cathodic solutions for the primary aluminum industry. The production of cathodes requires an important know-how because of its complex manufacturing process. The first step of the process consists in mixing the carbonaceous raw materials with a binder. The raw materials (calcined coke and anthracite or graphite) have different size and represent a multimodal carbon aggregate (from tens of microns to a few centimeters). The current binder is liquid at high temperature, has a high carbon yield and is coking but poisonous. The European regulations on chemical products (REACH) identified the pitch binder as “substance of very high concern”. Therefore, that product could become prohibited. Within this context, Carbone Savoie initiated a research project in order to substitute that hazardous material. First of all, the project aims at determining possible compositions for the new binder and to describe their rheological behavior. A first formulation had a Newtonian behavior for high pH values. An additive with a gel point which behavior has been studied was used for a second formulation. The best mixing process was then chosen and its efficiency was tested with this new binder. A third formulation which was a suspension showed a shear-thinning behavior. It appeared to be the best candidate to substitute pitch as a binder for the production of cathode blocks. The second goal of the project was the determination of the mixing conditions with this new binder. The study of the mixing of the carbon aggregate with the binder is based on a tracking of the mixing intensity. Thanks to the plot of the intensity-liquid/solid ratio curve, different states were defined for the system according to the binder content (pendular state, funicular state, capillary state and solid/liquid dispersion state). The capillary state is of a major concern because the paste is extruded in that state. The impact on the process (wetting kinetics, width of the capillary state) of the rheological behavior of the binder has been studied: a high viscosity allows a better tolerance to the variability in the size of the carbon aggregate from a formulation to another and also to the trouble of producing powders with very small particles sizes. Finally, a correlation between these results and the industrial scale has been found. Final properties of cathodes blocks can be linked with the paste quality just after the mixing step thanks to the determination of the paste cohesion with a ring shear tester
Alves, Favaro Marcelo. "Synthèse de nouveaux "Covalent Triazine Frameworks" pour la photoréduction du dioxyde de carbone." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1077.
Повний текст джерелаUsing sunlight as a renewable source of energy to promote carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion is an interesting approach to address sustainable chemicals and fuels production as well as mitigation of climate change. However, in most photocatalytic systems, the utilization of a homogeneous photosensitizer represents a key limitation for long-term reactions due to its low stability. Therefore, novel, more efficient and stable photocatalyst materials and photocatalytic processes are required. Here, the strategy of structuration at the molecular-level of CTF photocatalysts is presented, seeking to enhance their long-term stability. The integration of photo-active centers into a molecularly defined support improve their photocatalytic stability. Moreover, the incorporation of chelating moieties, such as bipyridine, offers a unique possibility for heterogenization of organometallic complex, profiting at the same time from enhanced selectivity and activity from the molecular catalyst and easy handling and separation from its heterogeneous nature. Macroligands, a solid acting like the ligand in the corresponding molecular complex, is a pivotal strategy to bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.In this thesis, the synthesis of simple CTFs through condensation was done in order to optimize the parameters and highlight the main advantages and drawbacks of this method. Additionally, the approach was extended to the synthesis of functionalized materials, based on bipyridine ligands. Using the strategy of modular design, the content of a ligand within the framework was precisely controlled for the first time. Additionally, by judiciously chosen the proper tailored precursor and its content, it is possible to carefully control properties like light absorption and porosity, pushing the boundaries of molecular control on the synthesis of CTFs. In this regard, CTFs based on bipyridine were precisely designed in order to contain both, a photoactive moiety and a chelating site for the heterogenization of molecular catalysts within the structure. In our all-in-one concept, a (Cp*)-Rhodium complex was heterogenized within CTFs macroligands containing different amounts of bipyridine. Those materials catalyze the carbon dioxide photoreduction to formate, driven by visible light at TOFs around 4 h-1
Millot, Nicolas. "Syntheses et reactivites de nouveaux complexes (cyclohexadiene) fer carbonyle." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114801.
Повний текст джерелаDiebold, Carine. "Developpement de nouveaux catalyseurs au palladium supporté sur polymères ou nanoparticules de cobalt : application à la formation de liaisons carbone-carbone." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807363.
Повний текст джерелаGoubert, Marlène. "Nouveaux spiroacétals incorporant des hétéroatomes en bêta du carbone spiranique : synthèse et études structurales." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717740.
Повний текст джерелаDubosc, Martin. "Élaboration de nouveaux conducteurs à base de nanotubes de carbone pour connexions inter-niveaux." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2133.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript focuses on the carbon nanotubes (CNT) synthesis by a plasma process for their integration as conductive material in interconnects of future integrated circuits. The study covers all integration technological steps that allow integration. A particular attention is paid to devices and architectures compatibility with industrial processes used in microelectronics. The selective catalyst deposition using electrochemistry and the growth of carbon nanotubes by PECVD at low temperatures are the essential parts of this work. The influence of different parameters (chemical nature of the interface substrate-electrolyte, overpotential, duration) of the electrodeposition process is evaluated in order to achieve the deposition of metallic particles with morphologies suitable for CNT growth on technological interesting substrates. The study dedicated to the CNT growth by PECVD focuses on the process optimization to meet the specifications of the microelectronics industry. This work has required the understanding of the phenomena that take place during the CNT growth and the impact of various plasma parameters on the synthesized structures. Taking benefits of these optimization works, the CNT synthesis is performed in a typical interconnects architecture of current technologies. This paper presents an innovative solution for integrating CNT as conductive material for interconnections in terms of materials and processes
Renotte-Greco, Dominique. "Création et caractérisations de nouveaux ensimages greffés sur supports silices et fibres de carbone." Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU3008.
Повний текст джерелаBeaume, Aurore. "Nouveaux accès à des polycycles azotés et carbonés par cascades radicalaires et réactions multi-composants." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066285.
Повний текст джерелаDi, Piazza Emmanuel. "Nouveaux complexes de ruthénium riches en carbone pour l'élaboration de fils et interrupteurs moléculaires originaux." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S221.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of this work deals with the synthesis and characterization of new magnetic redox switches based on the association of paramagnetic units such as nitronyl nitroxide, or copper and manganese compounds with ruthenium carbon-rich acetylides. The aim was to modulate the magnetic properties by changing the oxidation state of the ruthenium center. The second part treats of the association of different trivalent lanthanide ions with acetylide carbon-rich ruthenium complexes in order to achieve the first redox modulation of lanthanide luminescence. The third part deals with the synthesis and the study of new asymmetric bimetallic molecular wires to get an efficient electronic delocalization all over the asymmetric compounds. The last part reports the synthesis and the study of new model compounds in order to further realize the grafting on gold surface of the molecular switches obtained in the first two parts. The aim was to retain the switching properties observed in solution within the SAMs
Djoufak, Mary. "Évaluation de nouveaux catalyseurs homogènes pour la valorisation du CO2 en carbonates cycliques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10010.
Повний текст джерелаMotatu, Iulia-Alexandra. "Synthèse et évaluation des propriétés anticancéreuses de nouveaux dérivés de tétrahydro gbs carbolines." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209137.
Повний текст джерелаLe cancer reste une maladie grave car il représente une des causes principales de décès dans les pays développés. Plus d'un tiers de cancers solides réagi très faiblement à la chimiothérapie conventionnelle et/ou développe rapidement une résistance au traitement. Des thérapies ciblées, utilisées en association avec les traitements conventionnels, pourraient augmenter la survie des patients. C’est dans le cadre des thérapies ciblées que ce travail de thèse s’inscrit.
Nous nous sommes intéressés à synthétiser de nouvelles molécules qui pourraient être efficaces contre les cancers résistants à l'apoptose et donc aux traitements conventionnels. La principale cible de notre projet était la kinase DYRK1A, qui a été décrite comme étant impliquée dans la prolifération cellulaire et la résistance à l'apoptose. Dans ce but, une série de nouvelles molécules, principalement des dérivés de la tétrahydro-β-carboline, a été synthétisée et leurs propriétés antitumorales ont été caractérisées in vitro. En effet, ces structures ressemblent à celle de l’harmicine, un alcaloïde apparenté à l’harmine, l’inhibiteur de DYRK1A le plus sélectif et le plus puissant connu à ce jour.
Une méthodologie "one-pot" très efficace, développée au Laboratoire de Chimie Organique (ULB), a été utilisée pour obtenir les squelettes de type tétrahydro-β-carboline. Le deuxième chapitre de cette thèse détaille cette méthodologie et décrit la librairie de 47 dérivés qui ont été synthétisés.
Un second objectif de ce travail était de développer une version énantiosélective de cette méthodologie afin de la rendre encore plus intéressante. Cette partie, décrite dans le troisième chapitre, a été réalisée avec succès en collaboration avec l’Unité de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire de l'Université du Havre (Le Havre, France). Les expériences que nous avons réalisées ont permis, non seulement d'obtenir le composé le plus actif avec un bon excès énantiomérique, mais également de mieux comprendre les aspects mécanistiques qui constituent la base de l'énantiosélectivité.
L'évaluation des propriétés anticancereuses des composés synthétisés est ensuite détaillée dans le quatrième chapitre. Les analyses toxicologiques et pharmacologiques ont montré que trois molécules présentent une bonne activité antitumorale in vitro avec une sélectivité prometteuse entre les cellules cancéreuses et les cellules normales. D’une manière inattendue, les tests biologiques plus poussés, que nous avons réalisés, ont suggéré que ces molécules n'agissent pas comme des inhibiteurs de kinases. Elles interfèrent en fait sur la prolifération cellulaire, en ciblant des facteurs de transcription spécifiques, par des mécanismes qui doivent encore être élucidés. Ces expériences biologiques ont été réalisées en collaboration avec le Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Cancérologie Expérimentale (ULB).
/
Summary
Cancer is a devastating disease which remains one of the major causes of death in developed countries. More than one third of adult solid cancers respond very poorly to chemotherapy and/or rapidly develop resistance to treatment. Targeted therapies, used in combination with conventional treatments could be used to increase the survival of cancer patients.
In this work we were interested in developing new molecules related to the targeted therapy concept that could be effective against cancer types that are resistant to apoptosis and thereby to conventional treatments. The leading target of our project was the DYRK1A kinase, which was described as being involved in cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. For this purpose, a series of new molecules, mainly tetrahydro β carboline derivatives, has been synthesized and their antitumoral properties were characterized in vitro. Indeed these structures resemble harmicine, an alkaloid similar to harmine, the most selective and potent DYRK1A inhibitor known to date.
An efficient “one-pot” methodology, developed in the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique (ULB) was used to obtain the tetrahydro β carboline scaffolds. Chapter II of this work describes the use of this methodology for the synthesis of a library of 47 derivatives.
A second goal of this work was to further improve this methodology by developing an enantioselective version. This part, described in chapter III, was carried out successfully in collaboration with the Research Unit in Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry of Université du Havre (Le Havre, France). The experiments we have performed enabled us not only to obtain the most active compound with a good enantiomeric excess, but also to gain insight of the mechanism responsible for the enantioselectivity.
The fourth chapter details the evaluation of the anti cancer properties of the synthesised compounds. The pharmacological and toxicological analyses showed that 3 molecules display actual anti-tumor activity in vitro with a promising selectivity between cancerous and normal cells. Surprisingly, further biological assays we have performed suggested that these molecules do not act as kinase inhibitors but influence cell proliferation through the targeting of specific transcription factors by mechanisms that remain to be deciphered. The biological experiments were performed in collaboration with the Cancerology and Experimental Toxicology Laboratory (ULB).
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
RANDRIAMIHAMINA, FIDY. "Etude d'un nouveau superelectrophile : complexation du dinitro-4,6-benzofuroxanne par divers nucleophiles carbones aromatiques et heteraromatiques." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066663.
Повний текст джерелаLiégault, Benoît. "Transformations catalytiques sélectives : couplage carbone-carbone par catalyse au palladium, hydrogénation par catalyse au rhodium et au ruthénium, nouveaux ligands et aldolisation énantiosélective par organocatalyse." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S071.
Повний текст джерелаCouturier, Cédric. "Polyuréthanes et polyurées à base de cyclodextrines, synthèses en milieu solvant et dioxyde de carbone supercritique : vers de nouveaux polymères supramoléculaires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0291/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims at obtaining a polymeric material possessing complexation abilities thanks to cyclodextrins (CyD) within its framework and demonstrating the feasibility of the synthesis in supercritical CO2 medium (scCO2). Contrary to liquid medium, the polymerization of α-CyD and a diisocyanate in scCO2 shows only low conversion after 7 hours due to the possible complexation of the diisocyanate by the CyD, the insolubility of the CyD in scCO2 medium or insufficient time to achieve high conversion due to diminution of the reaction rate. New studies have to be done in order to confirm these hypothesis. The design of an original monomer which could be soluble in scCO2 thanks to acetyl groups fixed on the CyD and functionalized by 3 isocyanates, leads to a strong dependency of the molar mass with the concentration of monomers (up to 16.89 kg/mol at 50 %w of monomers) when reacted with a diaminoalkyle chain extender in solvent medium. In scCO2 medium, full conversion of this monomer is achieved, with higher molar masses obtained than in liquid medium at the same concentration. This demonstrates the potential of such a synthesis medium instead of organic solvents when design is well adapted. However, more experiments are needed to study the influence of concentration, temperature and pressure on larger scales to conclude in the interest of scCO2
Cote, Coy Claudia. "Biocorrosion de l'acier au carbone dans les systèmes d'injection d'eau de l'industrie du pétrole et du gaz : nouveaux modèles expérimentaux issus du terrain." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0038/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe oil and gas industry is impacted by important economic losses due to corrosion problem. As part of this problem, microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is still a subject of research. The most often evoked and well acknowledge MIC mechanism is linked to sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). However, some studies have shown that MIC can occur even when SRB is not present in the corroding environment; in this framework, the main objective of the thesis is to provide new insights on corrosion of carbon steel caused by other mechanisms different to those described with SRB. First, the influence of an electroactive strain, G. sulfurreducens (an iron reducing bacteria, IRB) on the corrosion/protection of steel C1145 was studied. When phosphate species are present in the medium, bacteria promote the formation of an iron phosphate layer (vivianite) that afterwards protects the material. In presence of NH4+, corrosion rates are higher but bacteria decrease the dissolution of the material. In the second part, field samples from pigging operations performed in water injection pipelines were analysed from microbiological and electrochemical corrosion points of view. Molecular analysis and identification of the biofilm community show the presence of sulfidogenic species besides SRB. These bacteria can stimulate metal corrosion through production of organic acids, CO2 and different sulphur species such as H2S. Moreover, it was proved that the consortium contained in field samples accelerated corrosion of carbon steel mainly by production of sulphide species
Farina, Filippo. "Nanofilms de platine supportes sur des nanofibres de carbone et de nickel : nouveaux catalyseurs pour piles à combustible." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS111.
Повний текст джерелаNovel platinum thin film electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells were developed. These catalysts comprise platinum thin films deposited on carbon nanofibrous webs. Carbon nanofibres and nanobrush supports were prepared by electrospinning followed by thermal treatments for stabilisation and graphitisation. An innovative pulsed high overpotential electrodeposition method was developed to deposit platinum thin films both on carbon nanofibre and nanobrush supports, and also on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, the planarity of which allowed detailed characterisation of the conformity, contiguity and thickness of the platinum films using atomic force and electron microscopy. These approaches led to self-standing nanofibre electrodes with porosity that was tuned to increasingly dense material from one side to the other, where the side presenting highest surface area was used to deposit platinum. The electrodes were characterised ex situ using cycling voltammetry where they demonstrated higher activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and greater durability on voltage cycling than conventional platinum on carbon catalysts. They were also assembled directly with a membrane and anode and characterised in situ in a single fuel cell. Thin platinum films were also prepared at the surface of nickel nanofibres using a novel approach to galvanic exchange assisted by microwaves, and a range of experimental parameters was investigated to determine their effect on the extent of exchange and the resulting platinum morphology. While the resulting nickel@platinum core@shell fibres demonstrated high electroactivity for the oxygen reduction reaction and were characterised as unsupported electrocatalysts at the cathode of a membrane electrode assembly, further work is required to stabilise them against nickel leaching from the catalyst to the electrolyte
Brenner, Eric. "Nouveaux catalyseurs au nickel pour la création de liaisons carbone-azote et applications à la synthèse sélective d'arylpipérazines." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0198_BRENNER.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe work described in this thesis reports the elaboration of a new nickel(0) catalyst allowing arylamination reactions starting from aryl chlorides and amines. The reagent (noted Ni/bpy) constituted of Ni(0) clusters liganded by 2,2'-bipyridine allows an efficient synthesis of a broad range of arylamines either by inter- or intramolecular process. We also showed that, contrary to palladium reagents, the Ni/bpy catalyst allowed the selective and high yielding monoarylation of diamines using stoichiometric amounts of starting materials. Efficient syntheses of N-arylpiperazines have thus been developed starting from readily available aryl chlorides. Finally, diarylation processes allowing the synthesis of symmetrical or unsymmetrical N,N'-diarylpiperazines are also described
GOMES, FREIRE-SCHANZ MARIA TELMA. "Synthese et caracterisation de nouveaux (co) polymeres a base de monomeres carbonates de vinyle et acrylates." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13132.
Повний текст джерелаGouttenoire, Vincent. "Exploitation de nouveaux phénomènes dans les systèmes nanoélectromécaniques : réalisation d'un nanorésonateur accordable." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00552278.
Повний текст джерелаMankou, Makaya Amelle Amandine. "Nouveaux potentiels du noyau imidazole en chimie de coordination de ligands phospho-carbonés : effets de charge et versions chirales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30258/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe project developed during this PhD thesis aims at the synthesis and reactivity of phosphorus ligands with weak s-donor and strong p-acceptor properties. They correspond to phosphine ligands featuring a cationic charge in a position of the phosphorus atom. The cationic charge can be introduced alternatively through an amidinium or a cyclopropenium moiety affording amidinio- and cyclopropeniophosphines, respectively. In the first chapter, after a bibliographical section, the synthesis of di-imidazolo- and di-imidazoliophosphines with aryl, alkyl and dialkylamino P-substituents is described. The study of the reactivity of these phosphine ligands towards metallic (or not) Lewis acids demonstrates that the nature of the P-substituent influences dramatically the corresponding coordination properties. Various cationic metal complexes and phosphine oxides are obtained and fully characterized. The second chapter of the thesis is focused on the development of chiral a-cationic phosphines. Two different cases are considered: cationic phosphines with electrostatic chirality where steric effects may be neglected and cationic phosphines with predominant steric chirality. In both cases, despite electron-poor character, these phosphines were shown to coordinate various transition metal centers. In the case of phosphines featuring electrostatic chirality, a representative was isolated in an optically pure form through the use of chiral orthometallated palladium(II) complexes as resolving agents. Finally, the third chapter concerns the development of imidazolyl carbon ligands and the corresponding complexes. In order to balance the electron-richness of the anionic imidazolyl donor extremity, an electron-poor phosphorus coordinating end, namely an imidazolophosphine is introduced. In the rhodium(I) series, two chelating complexes of these hybrid 'rich-poor' carbon-phosphorus ligands have been isolated and characterized
Niebel, Claude. "Nouveaux systèmes π-conjugués polycycliques donneurs et accepteurs d'électrons pour les matériaux avancés". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22071.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic electron donors and acceptors are currently of broad fundamental and technological interests. Their potential covers a wide range of applications such as semiconductors and nonlinear optical materials. The thesis involves the syntheses of new polycyclic acceptors ("Janus diones") starting from 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, their derivatization and preparation of model two-photon absorbing (TPA) fluorophores. The precursor of the target acceptor, 2,3,6,7- naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride was isolated for the first time as the individual compound. Wittig reaction of this compound (and the parent pyromellitic dianhydride) with a stabilized phosphorus ylide yielded a mixture of isomeric bis-phthalides, which appeared to be excellent models for the study of strong C(sp2)-H···O hydrogen bonds. The target acceptors were finally produced by the rearrangement and decarboxylation of the corresponding phthalides. Further reactions of "Janus diones" afforded new efficient model TPA fluorophores and octacyanotetramethylene derivatives. The latter possess unique electrochemical redox properties. Another part of the thesis is dedicated to the synthesis and studies of a new promising electron donating heterocyclic system derived from indolo[3,2-b]carbazole. A convenient three-step synthesis of the target donor was developed. The new parent heterocycle exhibits, in particular, high thermal stability and unprecedented one- and two-photon optical properties. It can serve as a promising building block for the preparation of TPA fluorophores and semiconducting advanced materials
Edfouf, Zineb. "Étude de nouveaux matériaux composites de type Si/Sn Ni/Al/C pour électrode négative de batteries lithium ion." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673220.
Повний текст джерелаAllouch, Fatima. "Synthèse et applications de nouveaux complexes métallocéniques multidentes." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS002.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on simple and inexpensive access to new amino and aminophosphine ferrocenyl ligands and their coordination with transition metals for applications in homogeneous catalysis.Flexible amine metallo-ligands were obtained and characterized after reductive amination of 1,1'-diformylferrocene. Other rigid (N,N) ligands were isolated starting from the precursor 1,1'-di-tert-butyl-3, 3'-diformylferrocene. Aza-ferrocenophanes were also easily prepared with these two formyl precursors. During the coordination of these ligands with palladium, a stable and original palladacycle was isolated and characterized by DRX.(N,P) ferrocenyl ligands were obtained by three methods: i) ortholithiation of aminoferrocenyl ligands followed by addition of chlorophosphines, ii) reductive amination of substituted or not formylferrocene in the presence of amine bearing a phosphine function, iii) direct substitution of dilithiated ferrocene by chlorophosphines with a nitrogen-containing heterocycle. Their coordination with palladium and platinum has been studied. These hybrid metallo-ligands have been implicated in the reactions of aryl chlorides to arylboronic acids (Suzuki cross-coupling), as well as in the Sonogashira reaction involving of coupling aryl bromides and chlorides to phenylacetylene
Mege-Bronesky, Delphine. "Des ARN non-codants au cœur du métabolisme des sucres : nouveaux mécanismes et impact sur l'adaptation et la virulence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ053/document.
Повний текст джерелаStaphylococcus aureus is a human opportunist pathogenic bacterium capable to colonize different host tissues and organs and therefore generates multiple infectious conditions. Its pathogenic power is due to the expression of multiple virulence factors, and by it’s ability to adapt to the environment. Once entered in human tissues, S. aureus must face environmental changes, as the availability of nutriments to survive. Gene expressions implicated in these adaptive responses are submitted to a fine regulation, carried by two component systems, transcriptional factors, and sRNA (small RNA). In this study, I have identified the functions of a sRNA, called RsaI, which is repressed when the external concentration of glucose is at high levels. RsaI represses the translation of multiple mRNA implicated in the carbon metabolism, including a major glucose transporter, and IcaR, implicated in the biofilms synthesis. Furthermore, RsaI interacts with other sRNA. This multifunctional RNA is a real sensor of the external glucose levels, generating a metabolic switch that is necessary to ensure S. aureus adaptive response in infectious conditions
Perruchon, Johann. "Activation d'alcynes vrais et d'alcools propargyliques par les complexes du ruthénium : synthèse de nouveaux systèmes organométalliques riches en carbone." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10027.
Повний текст джерелаSaccavini, Catherine. "Carbo-chromophores hétéro-substitués et nouveaux carbo-hétérocycles." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30209.
Повний текст джерелаA carbo-mer molecule is defined by the insertion of C2 units into each bond of the Lewis structure of any parent molecule. The aim was here to explore the functional compatibility and the conjugated bridge properties of the p-carbo-phenylene unit. The first chapter describes such a carbo-chromophore with donor (4-methoxyphenyl) and acceptor (4-pyridinyl) substituants. The synthesis proceeds through an original dissymmetric [6]pericyclyne. The spectroscopical and optical (EFISH) properties of this chromophore were investigated and compared with those of new zwitterionic p-oligophenylethynylene chromophores with 4-benzenolate/methylpyridinium-4-yl termini. The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a diethynyl-carbo-benzene are then reported; the ethynyl functions might indeed serve as anchoring points for various substituants. The second chapter deals with the synthesis and partial stereochemical resolution of the first carbo-silolane, a redox equivalent of carbo-silole
Smari, Imen. "Synthèse et réactivité en catalyse de nouveaux hétéroaromatiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work dealing with the activation / functionalization of CH bonds for the formation of derivatives of heteroaryl. We sum so interested in the reactivity of derivatives of 4-formylpyrazole for pallado-catalyzed via CH bond activation couplings. The formyl C4 is used to control the regioselectivity of the arylation. Subsequently, we investigated the reactivity of 2-bromofluorènes in these coupling reactions. The third part focuses on the synthesis of aminothiophenes and pyrrolyl-thiophene. The originality of our approach is the use of these compounds as a precursor in pallado-catalyzed reactions. Finally, the last part is devoted to the reactivity of 3-bromobenzothiophene in pallado-catalysed reactions without cleavage of the C-Br bond C3 benzothiophene
Couvret, Denis. "Synthèse et évaluation de monomères acryliques à fonction carbonate cyclique : tude de nouveaux systèmes photoréticulables." Le Mans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LEMA1009.
Повний текст джерелаCrettenand, David. "Développement d'un nouveau concept d'électrode de carbone tridimensionnelle pour la réduction électrochimique directe des colorants de cuve /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17059.
Повний текст джерела