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Статті в журналах з теми "Notional Reference Building"
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Ballarini, Ilaria, Elisa Primo, and Vincenzo Corrado. "On the limits of the quasi-steady-state method to predict the energy performance of low-energy buildings." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 4 (2018): 1117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170724133b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recent European energy policies progressively introduced more restrictive energy performance requirements aimed at achieving the nearly zero-energy building target for all new buildings and major renovations. To check compliance with these requirements, the building energy performance can be evaluated through different calculation methods, as widely presented in literature. The present article is aimed at identifying in which boundary conditions (e. g. climate, use category, building size, thermal insulation level) a simplified steady-state calculation method can predict with sufficient accuracy the energy performance of low-energy buildings if compared with a dynamic simulation model. The analysis was performed on two building types, representative of the Italian residential typology, located in three different climatic zones and characterised by two insulation levels. The insulation levels fit the U-values of the notional reference building, established by the Italian legislation for checking compliance with energy performance requirements in two different steps; the first level is in force until 2020, while the second level is that of a reference nearly zero-energy building in force from 2021 onwards. The building energy performance, in terms of net energy needs for space heating and space cooling, was assessed by means of both the monthly calculation method of CEN standards and the detailed simulation model of EnergyPlus. Consistency options were applied to the models to guarantee that their outputs could be comparable. The quasi-steady-state method demonstrated to predict the cooling energy need quite well, but to lose in accuracy when the weight of the thermal transfer in the energy balance increases.
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Zeng, Fan Kui, Chang Ming Hu, and Xing Cai Liu. "Design Method of the Temporary Support Structure in Building Construction." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The uniform design standard of temporary support structure in building construction has not been published, In case of coupler steel pipe support system, characteristics for the temporary support structure, the standard structure of the system is proposed. It is suggested that the design of temporary support structure should be combined with the present theory of the design of steel structure. The design method of temporary support structure based on equivalent notional lateral loads is proposed. The formula is given, which is verified by tests and is compared with the formula recommended by the present code. The result shows that the formula can meet the requirements of the safety factor, which provides a reference for those concerned with research, design or construction.
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Atosuo, Janne, Outi Karhuvaara, Eetu Suominen, Liisa Vilén, Jari Nuutila, and Tuula Putus. "Indoor-related microbe damage induces complement system activation in building users." Innate Immunity 27, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425920966641.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this comparative study, serum complement system antimicrobial activity was measured from 159 serum samples, taken from individuals from microbe-damaged (70 samples) and from reference buildings (89 samples). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a probe-based bacterial Escherichia coli-lux bioluminescence system and comparison was made at a group level between the experimental and reference group. The complement activity was higher in users of microbe-damaged buildings compared with the reference group and the significant ( P < 0.001) increase in activity was found in the classical reaction pathway. This study strengthens our notion that exposure to indoor-related microbe damage increases the risk for systemic subclinical inflammation and creates a health risk for building users.
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Jin, Yichun, Junjie Li, and Wei Wu. "i-Yard 2.0: Integration of Sustainability into a Net-Zero Energy House." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 3541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research introduces a residential net-zero energy house named i-Yard 2.0, which was built by a team from Beijing Jiaotong University for the 2018 Solar Decathlon China competition. The concept was based on the needs of an aging population and achieves energy self-sufficiency through both active (i.e., solar energy) and passive design strategies. With the growing recognition of the need for better environmental protection, green building strategies have become mainstream in building development. A building’s energy balance is one of the most important indexes for assessing green buildings. The i-Yard 2.0 adopts an integrated design strategy with a sustainable development background. It takes a senior citizen-oriented design as the starting point and innovates in aspects such as community modeling, building strategies, passive spatial planning, the energy and building environment, and intelligent building control. The community comprises a new residential model called “cooperative living.” The building strategy adopts a modular assembly approach in order to achieve rapid construction suitable for this type of competition. The passive spatial plan uses the notion of the courtyard as a green core to regulate the microclimate. The building environment achieves net-zero energy by improving active energy access and reducing passive energy consumption. The internet control model was designed to incorporate intelligent building control. The i-Yard 2.0 provides not only a new form of senior residential housing for developing areas, it also provides a novel and worthy reference for net-zero energy housing in China.
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Piotrkowski, Meron M. "Artapanus as a Source for the Building of the Temple of Onias in Egypt." Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 29, no. 3 (March 2020): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1868103420913773.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In scholarly literature, one frequently encounters the claim that Artapanus supplies the only reference to the building of the Temple of Onias in the entire extant corpus of Jewish-Hellenistic literature. While this assumption has found acceptance, this article wishes to investigate that claim. While Artapanus indeed incorporated a reference to the building of a temple by Jews in Heliopolis—the same place, where Josephus located the Temple of Onias—it seems, however, that what Artapanus had in mind was not the Jewish Temple of Onias, but the famed Egyptian Temple of Atum-Ra. This insight is supported by passages of ancient Hellenistic writers such as Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus, who, as Artapanus, contain similar references, to which the latter appears to allude. Artapanus’ note may thus be explained by the notion that the piece of information about Jews being responsible for the building of a famous Egyptian temple fulfills an apologetic purpose and served to aggrandize the Jewish presence in the Egyptian Diaspora.
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Boonprasong, Peeraya. "Attachment and Associational Dimensions in the Architecture of Historical Building Conversion in Thailand Between 1997 and 2012." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 20 (September 21, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202120102.
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The research on The Initial Survey of Evolution of Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings in Thailand is aimed at constructing knowledge for the module named Reuse and Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings. This module is part of the curriculum of Bachelor of Architecture, which studies the role of architecture fabricated within historical buildings. In the era between 1997 and 2012 in Thailand, there was a notable transformation from conservation to contemporary conversion. A review of conservation perspectives indicates a combined multi-disciplinary cooperation between architectural design and conservation. To establish issues regarding the knowledge of conversion, a research question is raised: how do architectural elements play its role through changing of use? Aimed at understanding the complexity among conversion ideologies, issues surrounding architectural elements of historical buildings are rationally explored. Based on significant conversion projects from 1996 to 2012, architectural elements were referenced as to how concepts and objectives were associated. Qualitative research was conducted through a study of primary sources; survey and classification of representative samples, and secondary documents, records and architectural drawings. The controlling significance of the buildings led to a discussion and an analysis of the architectural designs through new additions and amendments made on the historical fabric. Included in this discussion are the principles of conversion as they relate to the architecture of historic buildings and the ideology of the modification. It is found that understanding a change to architectural elements through an ontological perspective, that of attachment and associational approaches, could clearly reveal the construction programme that felicitates the historical building for which conservation or adaptation is determined. A dialogue on relevant contexts surrounding amendments of architectural elements demonstrated that a strong emphasis towards particular objectives of use could coincidentally harm the historical building’s architectural dimension framework. This leads to the notion that architecture for adaptive reuse should include knowledge of the original construction, a balance among conditions of the existing building, its programming and further habitation.
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Kamczycki, Artur. "Unheimlich: Struktury Pustki w berlińskim muzeum Libeskinda." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 10 (January 1, 2014): 333–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2014.10.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Museum of 2000 years of German-Jewish History in Berlin, designed in 1989 by Daniela Libeskind, an architect of Polish origins, was to make a powerful reference to the Holocaust as well. Using an underground passage, the architect connected the existing Baroque edifice of the Kollegienhaus in Kreuzberg’s Lindenstrasse, with the building created to his design (the so-called Abteilung). The external form of the buildings is a steel, flat-topped structure, composed of cubical blocks, irregular and marked by incisive edges. Inside, this zig-zagging building was intersected by a straight structure, 4.5 m wide, 27 m high and 150 long, which runs interruptedly along the main axis. The resulting empty spaces, extending from the ground floor to the roof, are tightly isolated from the remaining sections of the edifice. The analysis conducted by the author targets the comparison of that structure of the Void with the Freudian notion of the Unheimlich (uncanny). The comparison was made in a conversation with Libeskind by the originator of the theory of deconstruction, Jacques Derrida. Unheimlich is a psychological notion, which in this case denotes “secret”, “hidden” Jewishness, which instead of remaining an “internally closed” aspect is manifested as a characteristic, “negative” reflection. The term, entangled in the context of architectural theory as well as in the notion of anti-monument, represents a starting point in considering the contemporary condition of German culture, where that Void /unheimlich is a constant, “burdensome” echo of the Holocaust.
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Molnar, Attila. "The construction of the notion of religion in early modern Europe." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 14, no. 1 (2002): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006802760198767.
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AbstractThis article traces the construction and use of the notion of "religion" in early modern Europe. The argument is that the concept of "religion" evolved from the medieval ideas of universitas fidelium and conscientia. A look at the writings of Machiavelli and Bodin, as well as the ideas of the English Latitudinarians, reveals that they used the word without reference to theological content and with indifference to theological differences, but, instead, to convey ideas of a common morality for the building of a civil society and a functional statehood.
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Baranyiné Kóczy, Judit. "Reference point constructions in the meaning construal of Hungarian folksongs." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 3, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.3.1.06bar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present paper aims at showing that ‘cognitive reference points’ (CRPs, see Rosch [1975] and Langacker [1999]) have a crucial role in construing the meaning of a significant group of Hungarian folksongs. In line with the dynamic view on construal, according to which conceptualization unfolds through processing time, the paper argues that building up conceptions via CRPs and their larger configurations outline a mental path, representing a metaphorical emotional approach. The development of the physical route as mental route evolves in a gradual transfer from Perceptual space to Non-actual space, where a salient entity has a ‘gate’ function between mental spaces. Some notions such as ‘mental simulation’ (Langacker 1999), ‘abstract motion’ (Matlock 2010), ‘fictive motion’ (Talmy 2000), or ‘subjective motion’ (Langacker 1987; Matsumoto 1996; Brandt 2009) apply to this specific pattern of construal, namely, motion or change experienced by the conceptualizer along his attention path, which manifests here in different forms of subjectivity. The ordering and directionality of CRPs, along with the metaphorical implications of each entity serving as reference points, thus have important semantic relevance and forms an essential component of meaning construal in this lyrical text type.
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Dragojlovic, Ana, and CL Quinan. "Queering memory: Toward re-membering otherwise." Memory Studies 16, no. 1 (February 2023): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980221141992.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This editorial introduction provides a theoretical framework for analyzing relationships between gender, sexuality, and memory. Using the concept of queering memory, the special issue proposes queering memory as a practice of innovative and generative history-making that has the capacity to reorder time and memory. The contributions collected in this special issue take up the notions of “queer” and “queering” in their multiple forms, not only in reference to gender and sexuality but also as disordered, non-normative, and subversive potentialities that unsettle power relations. Building on this approach, the contributions engage with art, archives, museums, television, performance, philosophy, and cultural artifacts to explore how queering memory can serve as a strategy for building alternative narratives that impact which memories are privileged and which are hidden or silenced.
Книги з теми "Notional Reference Building"
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Gallagher, Gary W. Contested Loyalty. Edited by Robert M. Sandow. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823279753.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This collection of ten essays explores the contested meanings of patriotismin the Civil War North. The words “loyalty” and “duty” vibrated across Northern society but what did they mean? How were they to be demonstrated? The central goal of this study is to scrutinize how notions of loyalty were debated and defined under the pressures of a long and destructive war. The chapters within eavesdrop on conversations about loyalty in many contexts within Northern society. Some of those settings offer a familiar frame of reference, surveying the newspapers, pamphlets, letters, and speeches that evidence partisan definitions of loyalty. These scholars, however, strain to hear those voices not just in the statehouses and capital buildings but in the churches, colleges, workshops, city streets, military camps, and even bedrooms of ordinary northern people. What emerges is not a unified consensus on loyal actions and values but a patchwork of experiences in which the meaning of loyalty was often stretched and strained for differing and sometimes conflicting purposes.
Частини книг з теми "Notional Reference Building"
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Carrega, Alessandro, Giovanni Grieco, Domenico Striccoli, Manos Papoutsakis, Tomas Lima, José Ignacio Carretero, and Matteo Repetto. "A Reference Architecture for Management of Security Operations in Digital Service Chains." In Cybersecurity of Digital Service Chains, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04036-8_1.
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AbstractModern computing paradigms (i.e., cloud, edge, Internet of Things) and ubiquitous connectivity have brought the notion of pervasive computing to an unforeseeable level, which boosts service-oriented architectures and microservices patterns to create digital services with data-centric models. However, the resulting agility in service creation and management has not been followed by a similar evolution in cybersecurity patterns, which still largely rest on more conventional device- and infrastructure-centric models.In this Chapter, we describe the implementation of the GUARD Platform, which represents the core element of a modern cybersecurity framework for building detection and analytics services for complex digital service chains. We briefly review the logical components and how they address scientific and technological challenges behind the limitations of existing cybersecurity tools. We also provide validation and performance analysis that show the feasibility and efficiency of our implementation.
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"Predicative Unit Classes (Sets) in Text Design." In Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, 115–31. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2672-9.ch005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The enormity and comprehensiveness of predication alongside its ordinariness constantly encountered in the usual flow of speech significantly complicate any practical implementation of it in SLA and textbook theory. The phenomenon being elucidated predominantly in abstract terms widens the gap between its theoretical exploration and practical application in the field mentioned. There emerges a necessity of the search for a new notional direction from which the point is viewed. The new frame of reference would have far reaching implications for language acquisition and textbook development providing a strong theoretical underpinning for language curricula. Invariant binary predicative units are described as sense building blocks of predication. Their dichotomically organized classes are presented in this Chapter. Class 1 dichotomizes full predicative units and elliptic units. Class 2 includes units with substituted arguments or predicates. Class 3 comprises objective (semantic) constants and subjective (individual) variables. Class 4 takes in units with modificative and propositional predicates. Class 5 is composed of units containing analytic and synthetic predicates. Binary predicative units of the types categorized in the classes act conjointly, generating a unified multi-channel network of sense formation.
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Ottenheym, Konrad. "On Romans, Batavians and giants: the quest for the true origin of architecture in the Dutch Republic." In Local antiquities, local identities, 261–85. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526117045.003.0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1631 the Dutch painter and architect Salomon de Bray wrote that it was a common mistake to regard the move towards a more classical architecture as fashionably modern. Instead, he argued, it was actually the revival the true and eldest manner of building in the Low Countries. The notion that the Low Countries had once been part of the Roman Empire helped inspire scholarly architects to introduce classical models into contemporary architecture. This essay investigates this tendency by asking how and why the Roman past became such an important topic during this period, despite a lack of remaining Roman buildings, and which alternative heroic pasts were available to account for the origins of architecture. Various historical descriptions of Netherlandish towns include references to local ancient history and Roman remains. Some of these antiquities were authentically Roman, even to modern archaeological scholarship (like Brittenburg), while others were certainly not. Antiquarian and archaeological interest focused on the era of the Batavians, a Germanic tribe living in what later became Holland who were politically independent from Rome, as well as on an even older local past, traced in were thought to be the material remains of an ancient tribe of giants.
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Ameriks, Karl. "Hölderlin’s Kantian Path." In Kantian Subjects, 189–206. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841852.003.0012.
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Building upon a close reading of the novel, Hyperion, and references to Hölderlin’s fragmentary essays and letters as treated by the most recent German scholarship, this chapter argues that Hölderlin systematically develops an improvement on Fichte’s and Schiller’s understanding of subjectivity and history. The main aim of his novel is a careful weighing of the alternative ethical, religious, and aesthetic approaches offered to the fundamental German Enlightenment issue of determining the basic “vocation” of humanity. In contrast to other philosophers in the German tradition, Hölderlin sees how overly one-sided versions of ethical or religious or aesthetic approaches can be dangerous, and also how Kant’s notion of an ethics of “rational faith” provides for a balanced and enlightened approach to the aesthetic and religious dimensions of life. Above all, Hölderlin can be understood as working out a way to most effectively realize Kant’s notion of the “primacy of practical reason.”
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Baraniecka-Olszewska, Kamila. "Reżimy dziedzictwa. O krakowskiej Rękawce." In Niematerialne dziedzictwo kulturowe w teorii i praktyce, 27–39. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381383493.02.
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The paper discusses theoretical approach to the studies on religious heritage. Drawing from Michel Foucault’s reflection on regimes of truth, the author develops the idea of heritage regimes (see Bendix et al., 2012; de Cesari, 2012; Geismar, 2015) in the studies on a minority religion’s claims to the public sphere. Ethnographic research forming the basis of theoretical considerations was conducted in 2018 on the Rękawka celebration organized in Kraków. Nowadays, Rękawka consists of two parallel events. The first one is a reenactment of 10th-century Slavic native faith rites on the Krakus Mound, and the second a Roman Catholic festivity (an indulgence feast) held on an opposite hill. Both events are referred to as ‘Rękawka’ and both are perceived and advertised as belonging to Kraków’s heritage. However, the ways notions of heritage are used in reference to them differ significantly, shedding light on mutual entanglement of the secular and the religious as well as on the place of religions, e.g., Native Faith and Roman Catholicism, in the process of heritage building in Poland.
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Lynes, Philippe. "The Posthuman Promise of the Earth." In Eco-Deconstruction. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823279500.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last interview before his death, Derrida claimed that the concept of survivance or living-on informed the entirety of his work. This chapter attempts to develop this notion in order to designate an ethics of ecological relationality extrapolated from Derrida’s infrequent but highly important references to the Earth, along a strategy building on Derrida’s use of ‘general economy,’ which I call general ecology. Through an ex-propriation of three temporalities of life, Husserl’s living present, Heidegger’s auto-affective temporalization of Dasein, and Freud’s death drive, the chapter suggests that all three for Derrida rest upon a certain decision concerning the restricted ecological reappropriations of life and death and their relations to the subject, the human, the individual: the Living Present as the pure form of absolute subjectivity, auto-affective temporalization as the proper of the human and its death, and the death drive as the detour within the ecology of immanence in the individual living organism. The chapter concludes by proposing the an-archic temporality of the promise of the earth as opening onto an-other thought of sharing the earth more justly in the life death we share with its others.
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Kovač, Leonida. "Sebald’s Toute la mémoire du monde." In W.G. Sebald’s Artistic Legacies. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729758_ch13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1956 Alain Resnais opened his film-essay Toute la mémoire du monde with the statement that owing to the short-lived nature of human remembering, people tend to accumulate countless auxiliary memories. The issue of “auxiliary memories” related to the search for one’s own identity is an ostinato theme of Sebald’s last novel Austerlitz where the titles and certain motifs articulated in three films by Resnais are appropriated in order to depict the twentieth century in terms of the uncanny. It was not by chance that a Jewish boy named Jacques Austerlitz, before he was sent from Prague in England by the last Kindertransport, and his mother to Theresienstadt, spent his last summer with the parents in Marienbad, a place to which he would return many years later and become haunted by something unknown. In Sebald’s narrative tissue such reference to L’Année dernier á Marienbad (Last Year at Marienbad) rhizomatically lead to 1955 Resnais’s film-essay Nuit et brouillard (Night and Fog), as well as to the psychoanalytic notion of the originally lost object. But, in the novel, Resnais is explicitly mentioned only once, in Austerlitz’s remembrance of the scene from Toute la mémoire du monde as fantastic and monstrous owing to footage of the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris that shows the transportation of notes from reading room to storage. The performative of Sebald’s “monstrosity” is through narrative transversal related to the erasure of historical (holocaust) memory: the new library—erected on a site where Nazis had stored Jewish property which they had stolen during the Second World War—was, following a 1988 decision by the French president, to be the most modern and biggest library building in the world.
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Haughness, Norman. "My Dinner with David." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 96–102. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199844829.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to the views expressed in this paper, influences unrelated to the conclusions of Immanuel Kant and G. E. Moore respecting what they saw as the appropriate foundation for moral systems seems to have been at work in the reactions of both to the earlier criticisms of David Hume. Building on a "recent meeting" with Hume in a pub on Princes Street in Edinburgh, I develop the suggestion that both Kant and Moore were loyal to traditional notions of an intuited, non-prudential basis for ethical injunctions. Kant, by his insistence that any morality linked only to hypothetical imperatives cannot be truly "moral," and Moore by his refusal to see the emptiness of his posited "good as simply good" which he felt must be kept free of any corrupting reference to real-world prudential constituents, thus support the foundation of ethical systems in an inner, unanalyzable moral impulse. And they do so in obedience to commitments that antedate their moral philosophies. I also claim that Hume has been misunderstood in that he did not mean to oppose the naturalistic grounding of moral systems in his famous statement disjoining is-statements from ought-statements; what he really intended was to point out the illogic of moralists who improperly pretend to derive categorical or intuited moral imperatives from real-world is-statements while denying any prudentiality or a posteriority to the transaction. Because both maintain that this simple inner moral impulse must be independent of prudential considerations in making moral decisions and judgments, Kant and Moore oppose naturalistic ethical systems which, like J.S. Mill's, suggest that this-worldly welfare and happiness are in large part coexistent with the true meaning of morality. Their position, therefore, places both of these proponents of intuitionist metaethics at odds with the principle of political social democrats that a respectable moral system must place worldly satisfactions and happiness above obedience to any putative "higher" moral law and its intuited imperatives.
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Cerezo-Román, Jessica I., and Koen Deforce. "From Life to Death: Dynamics of Personhood in Gallo-Roman Funerary Customs, Luxemburg Province, Belgium." In Cremation and the Archaeology of Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798118.003.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores the identification of, and changes in, aspects of personhood through the study and interpretation of funerary customs. The geographical and temporal foci are the Luxembourg province of south-eastern Belgium from AD 1–150 where variations in social and political organization are well documented but cremation funeral customs are not. This research explores one overarching question: how did the personhood of the deceased change throughout the different stages of cremation customs within and between two contemporary Gallo-Roman sites located in the Belgian province of Luxembourg? The sites selected are Weyler (Henrotay 2011; Henrotay and Bossicard 1999), located in Arlon, and Houffalize, located in Houffalize/Mont (Henrotay 2012) (Fig. 9.1). Two primary datasets were utilized: 1) biological profiles of the human skeletal remains, and, 2) posthumous treatments of bodies inferred from analysis of the remains within their burial contexts. In this chapter, we also contrast these findings with historical accounts of cremation customs among ancient Roman populations.We argue that Gallo-Roman mortuary practices mediated the dead from biological death through a liminal state where personhood was transformed from subject to object/subject before final burial. The concept of personhood is employed in identity research across the social sciences, and in recent years also has been applied in archaeology (e.g. Fowler 2005; Jones 2005). Our research employs the notion of personhood—what constituted the state or condition of being a person—to elucidate the portrayal of individuals in the past. This definition follows previous research in the concept (e.g. Brück 2006a, 2006b; Fowler 2010; Williams 2004a). Throughout an individual’s life social relationships change and new ones are formed. These also are dependent on the individual’s age, sex, class, race, disabilities, and particular group affiliations, among other factors. Mauss (1985) posited that frames of reference for personhood changed through time and space, according to distinct cultural ideologies. Building on this idea Meyer Fortes (1987) added that personhood also was negotiated and dependent upon social relationships and in light of specific moral codes. These ideas suggest that personhood is a social category, that it is inherently dynamic and relational and that it only takes on meaning through the enactment of relationships.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Notional Reference Building"
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Gallego, Juan A., and Just Herder. "Synthesis Methods in Compliant Mechanisms: An Overview." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86845.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Compliant mechanisms are rapidly gaining importance, yet their design remains challenging. A great variety of methods are being developed as it is reported in a growing stream of publications. However, so far no review of this body of literature is available. This paper provides a comprehensive and conceptual overview of the main notions behind the most relevant design methods for compliant mechanisms. Rigid-Body-Replacement methods including the Pseudo-Rigid-Body model and the FACT approach are covered, as well as Building Block approaches. In addition an introduction and explanation on Topology Optimization and Shape Optimization is provided, including their most common parameterizations and formulations. This work aims to serve as an introduction into compliant mechanism design methods and as a reference work for more experienced scholars and professionals. It is intended to be a starting point for the exploration of the literature, as well as a guide to specific papers about a particular design problem one may have. For this reason, the paper presents the methods in a wide perspective, emphasizing the conceptual ideas behind every method and refers to literature for details and advanced features.
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Jin, Xin. "Making with the Past: Bricolages in Wang Shu’s Design Writings and Built Projects." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4002phgul.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study explores how design research writing can engage with historical reference in a radical way. In the 2002 essay “Shijian Tingzhi de Chengshi” (“City Froze in Time”), based on Chapter 2 of his 2000 PhD thesis, Xugou Chengshi (Fictionalising City), the Chinese architect Wang Shu proposes reinterpreting the traditional Chinese architecture and city through the anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss’s notion of “bricolage”, which is defined as making do with available objects. Bricolage is informative for understanding Wang’s design undertakings, which involve skilful adaptations of vernacular building types and construction techniques in new urban projects. Nevertheless, its fundamental role in shaping Wang’s design writings is yet to be fully understood. In his design writings, Wang employs a specific quotation method whereby words and paragraphs from other writers’ preexisting works are reused and woven into new textual compositions. Through formal analysis of “City Froze in Time” and comparisons of compositional patterns between the essay and Wang’s built projects, mainly the Xiangshan Campus of the China Academy of Art, Phase II, Hangzhou (2007) and the Ningbo History Museum, Ningbo (2008), this piece explores three issues. First, it demonstrates how textual fragments found in the past and uttered by others undergo bricolage in Wang’s essay. Second, it foregrounds the intention behind Wang’s chosen writing strategy and investigates broader critical issues, such as authorship and the past–present nonlinear order associated with Wang’s strategy. Third, it expresses how historical materials – understanding “materials” in an inclusive sense – are treated in comparable ways in Wang’s written and built works. By examining Wang’s case, this paper highlights a radical case of contemporary architectural research writing in which an attempt is made to demolish the boundary between theory and design by extending the make-do logic of design into the field of design reflection.
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Kantarek, Anna Agata. "Dynamics of relations in the urban space." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8048.
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Questions about sense usually accompany the times of breakthrough, when we recognise a crisis of certain values and we helplessly face realistic threats and changes. If experiences incessantly call for answers to the questions concerning the truth, the question concerning the sense provides a broader reference and reaches for an answer about the source of the truth, as well as the source of the crisis.
The deliberations below constitute a continuation of the reflections contained in papers [Kantarek, 2012] and [Kantarek, 2014] Skomponowana sieæ sieci (Composed Net of Nets) and Czas i przestrzeñ miasta (The Time and the Space of the City).
The former presents the city in the dimension of its composed three-dimensional form, which is hierarchic and stabilised by some parts and areas of the city. One such element is in particular diversified housing environments, valuable in terms of their functions and space, as well as in terms of culture they stand for.
A three-dimensional form of the city constitutes an arrangement of a broader reality referred to as the net of nets – which is to illustrate the existence of numerous levels of relations, also the extrasensory ones.
The term ‘net’ (Latin: Reticulum) is used as a definition of a set of elements which on one hand is irregular, disorderly and heterogeneous, and on the other bears the features of stability and cohesion. Compared to the system characteristic for order and a rational holistic approach, the net stands for indeterminableness and factualness.
The structure of a net is based on nodes, their links, and the space between them. A net offers a chance to bring balance by means of flexibility towards the dynamics of changes.
Therefore, a net of nets stands for – without limitations – the generic differentiation of its elements, the multitude of nodes and links, the maintenance of dynamics and flexibility (stability), and it defines the state of synthesis within a three-dimensional space in time.
In the dynamic reality of events, composing, that is arranging, shall be subjected to the confrontation with competitive and isolated elements. Competition (as a denial of arrangement) and isolation (as a denial of combination) intrinsically destroy composition.
The latter paper (Czas i przestrzeń miasta. The Time and the Space of the City) depicts the sense of the city in the lives of its community – both in the individual and social dimension. The questions referred to the quality of this life in light of the danger of non-substantiality.
The paradox consists in the fact that – if we adopt Aristotle’s mode of thinking - substantiality connected with the independent being exists in view of accidents, properties which are not essential, but which are determining. Quantity, quality, location, relations, time, possession, activities – these are accidents.
At the same time space and time shape our lives and it often seems that they are the only chance for our self-awareness and responsibility.
And despite Aristotle’s warnings, architects and urban planners are usually deeply convinced about the importance of three-dimensional space for the shape of the history of our lives, in the scale of our individual fates, as well as in a broad social dimension.
The notion of net of nets, where we constantly search for our substantiality, was completed with the picture of configurations of places and the stories they tell. Such a vision of the city gets closer to K. Wejchert’s notion of spatial city - buildings and open space create a rich space continuum.
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Camiz, Alessandro. "Diachronic transformations of urban routes for the theory of attractors." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5639.
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Alessandro Camiz ¹ ¹ Department of Architecture, Girne American University, Cyprus, Association for Historical Dialogue and Research, Home for Cooperation (H4C), 28 Marcou Dracou Street, Nicosia, Cyprus, 1102. E-mail: alessandrocamiz@gau.edu.tr Keywords (3-5): urban tissues, urban morphology, urban routes, theory, history Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology Recent urban morphology studies consider urban tissues as living organisms changing in time (Strappa, Carlotti, Camiz, 2016), following this assumption the theory should examine more analytically what Muratori called ‘medievalisation’ (Muratori, 1959), a term describing some of the transformations of urban routes happened in the middle ages. The paper considers the diachronic deformation of routes, and other multi-scalar occurrences of the attraction phenomena (Charalambous, Geddes, 2015), introducing the notion of attractors and repellers. Archaeological studies already do consider attractors and repellers as a tool to interpret some territorial transformations, following the assumption that “the trajectory that a system follows through time is the result of a continuous dynamic interaction between that system and the multiple 'attractors' in its environment” (Renfrew, Bahn, 2013, p. 184). There are different elements that can act as attractors in an urban environment, such as bridges, city walls, city gates, water systems, markets, special buildings, and it is possible to consider each of these anthropic attractors as equivalent to a morphological attractor at the geographical scale. We can even interpret the ridge-top theory (Caniggia, 1976) as the result of attraction and repellence of geographic features on anthropic routes. The territorial scale analysis is the methodological base of the theory, but the attractors herein considered operate at the urban scale, deviating locally across time from a rectilinear trajectory and defining a specific urban fabric. The research interprets and reads the effects of attractors on urban routes and fabrics as a method for the reconstruction of Nicosia’s medieval city walls, in continuity between the Conzenian approach (Whitehand, 2012) and the Italian School of Urban Morphology (Marzot, 2002). References:, Muratori, S. (1959) Studi per un’operante storia urbana di Venezia (Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Roma). Caniggia, G. (1976) Strutture dello spazio antropico. Studi e note (Uniedit, Firenze). Marzot, N. (2002) ‘The study of urban form in Italy’, Urban Morphology 6.2, 59-73. Whitehand, J.W.R. (2012) ‘Issues in urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 16.1, 55-65. Renfrew, C., Bahn, P. (eds.) (2013) Archaeology: The Key Concepts, (London, Routledge). Charalambous, N., Geddes, I. (2015) ‘Making Spatial Sense of Historical Social Data’, Journal of Space Syntax 6.1, 81-101. Strappa, G., Carlotti, P., Camiz, A. (2016) Urban Morphology and Historical Fabrics. Contemporary design of small towns in Latium (Gangemi, Roma).