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1
Smith, Gareth, and Jim Saker. "DEVELOPING MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE NOT‐FOR‐PROFIT SECTOR." Library Management 13, no. 4 (April 1992): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01435129210016618.
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Paden, Nita, M. David Albritton, Jennie Mitchell, and Douglas Staples. "The March of Dimes: branding in the not-for-profit sector." CASE Journal 13, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 377–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-10-2015-0063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Synopsis This case involves the March of Dimes (MOD) Foundation, the “leading nonprofit organization for pregnancy and baby health.” MOD’s mission was to support medical research, organize volunteer workers, and provide community services and education to save babies’ lives (www.marchofdimes.org). The strategic issue in the case involves creating awareness of both the mission and services of MOD and the critical issue driving that mission – premature births. The organization must create a desire for various target markets to take action in response to the problem. The main protagonist is Doug Staples, Senior Vice President for Marketing and Communications. Research methodology Data were collected via personal interviews with the primary protagonists, Doug Staples, and Mike Swenson of the Barkley agency. The MOD provided quantitative Gallup studies they commissioned, as well as documents unveiling the roll-out in the San Jose, CA region. The Barkley Agency provided qualitative data from a study which consisted of eight focus groups conducted in two markets and ten personal interviews. Secondary research was used to provide a support for industry and market data, to supplement organizational facts provided by the MOD, and to identify and link marketing theory to the situations provided in the case. The organization, facts and characters in this case were not disguised. MOD was consulted throughout the case development process. Relevant courses and levels This case study is recommended for marketing courses at the undergraduate level. It is most appropriate for marketing management, introductory marketing, or marketing strategy classes. Additionally, this case is a good fit for courses focused upon not-for-profit marketing issues. Theoretical bases The strongest opportunities to apply theory using this case relate to branding (see De Chernatony and Dall’Olmo Riley, 1998 for a content analysis of the brand literature). These theories include brand image and personality (Aaker, 1997; Belk, 1998; Grohmann, 2009), brand awareness (Aaker, 2002), brand involvement and customer loyalty (Brakus et al., 2009), brand engagement (Sprott et al., 2009), brand relationships (Breivik and Thorbjornsen, 2008), and brand equity (Aaker, 2002, 2008). Specifically, question 2 addresses brand personality, and questions 3 and 4 explore relationships with the brand such as the emotional power of the brand and brand association. Question 6 focuses on positioning strategy.
3
Morris, Michael H., and Mary L. Joyce. "On the Measurement of Entrepreneurial Behavior in Not-For-Profit Organizations: Implications for Social Marketing." Social Marketing Quarterly 4, no. 4 (December 1998): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.1998.9961027.
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This article explores the concept of entrepreneurship as it relates to social marketing and not-for-profit organizations. The nature of entrepreneurship is examined, as are contemporary efforts to measure it within established profit-seeking organizations. Based on this foundation, the interface between entrepreneurship and social marketing is assessed. It is argued that entrepreneurship lies at the heart of social marketing andthat concepts from the field of entrepreneurship can enhance the management of social marketing efforts. The application of entrepreneurship is then extended to the not-forprofit sector. The adaptation of private sector measures of entrepreneurship to social marketing and not-for-profit contexts is explored, and the implications of such measurement efforts in these contexts are discussed
4
Wickham, Mark, Kim Lehman, and Linda French. "Communicating marketing priorities in the not-for-profit sector: A content analysis of Australian state-museums’ annual reports." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 2 (2015): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i2c2p6.
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This paper analyses the marketing priorities evident in the annual reports of Australia’s six not-for-profit state-museums (who represent the largest and most influential not-for-profit heritage organisations in the country). The study provides insight into the marketing communication priorities in leading not-for-profit heritage organisations, and offers a finer-grained understanding of what is required for such organisations to effectively manage such priorities. Based on a content analysis of the annual reports, the paper proposes a Marketing Priorities Model for Not-for-Profit Organisations more generally. The Model reflects two important findings: firstly, that the communication of marketing strategies has emerged to play a central role in the annual reporting of the leading not-for-profit organisations in Australia; secondly, that there are several key facets of the organisation’s marketing strategies that must be communicated to internal and external stakeholder groups. The Model consequently provides a framework for not-for-profit organisations to adopt in order for them to effectively identify and communicate marketing practices to salient stakeholder groups
5
Conway, Tony. "Strategy versus tactics in the not-for-profit sector: A role for relationship marketing?" International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 2, no. 1 (January 1997): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.6090020106.
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Rees, Patricia L. "Marketing in the UK and US Not-for-Profit Sector: The Import Mirror View." Service Industries Journal 18, no. 1 (January 1998): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642069800000007.
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Naidoo, Vik, and Terry Wu. "Innovations in marketing of higher education: Foreign market entry mode of not-for-profit universities." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 29, no. 6 (June 30, 2014): 546–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-07-2013-0153.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the innovations in the international activities of not-for-profit (NFP) universities. While the entry mode literature is well addressed, particularly by international marketing and business scholars, an academically interesting and managerially relevant question relates to the applicability of extant research to the emerging phenomenon of internationalization in the NFP sector. Design/methodology/approach – Using an inductive constructivist qualitative methodology grounded in 12 case studies of internationalization in the NFP education sector, this study applies Dunning’s eclectic framework as its theoretical anchor. Findings – This study identified that entry mode choice in the NFP context may not always be reconciled with extant literature derived mostly from a for-profit context. In particular, the broader definition of offshore equity investment is in sharp contrast to previous entry mode research which is largely, if not exclusively, grounded in a for-profit context. Originality/value – Extant frameworks developed to explain the entry mode phenomena tend to assume a profit maximization philosophy. The propositions advocated in this study are a step further to develop our understanding of internationalization of NFP universities.
8
Bakhru, Anjali. "A contingency approach to reward strategy in the UK not-for-profit sector." International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 5, no. 4 (November 2000): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.122.
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MacMillan, Keith, Kevin Money, Arthur Money, and Steve Downing. "Relationship marketing in the not-for-profit sector: an extension and application of the commitment–trust theory." Journal of Business Research 58, no. 6 (June 2005): 806–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.08.008.
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Rosnerova, Zuzana, and Dagmar Hraskova. "The Application and Importance of Marketing and its Tools in the Conditions of Non-profit Organizations on a Global Scale." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 02055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219202055.
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Research background:Marketing as a separate area of activities does not immediately occur only in the environment of companies, but is also used in the environment of non-profit organizations. Although the activities of non-profit organizations differ significantly from the activities of commercially oriented companies, even in the case of non-profit organizations, marketing activities and tools are used to improve the overall progress of non-profit organizations.Purpose of the article:The article deals with the analysis of marketing activities and tools that are applied in the conditions of non-profit organizations. In the case of applicable marketing tools, we will also address the question of whether it is necessary to modify traditional marketing tools in the environment of non-profit organizations. The aim of the article is to analyse the most frequently applied marketing tools in the environment of non-profit organizations.Methods:Descriptive methods as well as comparative methods are used in the analysis in order to compare them with the commercial sector. In this article, we work with the hypothesis that the application of the marketing concept will be different compared to profit-oriented marketing and we assume that marketing strategies will require a certain degree of modification.Findings & Value added:Based on the performed analysis, we will evaluate the findings of this issue and suggest other options for the implementation of marketing tools in the environment of non-profit organizations.
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Warnaby, Gary, and Jill Finney. "Creating customer value in the not-for-profit sector: a case study of the British Library." International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 10, no. 3 (2005): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.18.
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Malik, Navneet, Sudhanshu Prakash Tiwari, and Gurbaksh Phonsa. "Cost Benefit Analysis of Customized Application Software for Insurance Sector Using Perfective Maintenance." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 3759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8246.
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This paper discusses the profit Analysis of Customized Application Software against the standard ERP for insurance sector. This Application Software contains different modules. This application software contains different modules such as policy management, claim management, customer management and profit management, marketing management. Customized application software can work in reduced and full working dimensions which means from the given set of modules one or more than one may not working as expected. In one Application Software model the system can work in decreased state which implies the product is having old highlights and need versatile, restorative, preventive and perfective upkeep to achieve the full limit working state.
13
Johnson, Dewey E., and Douglas A. Cords. "A Strategic Approach to Enhance Management and Marketing Effectiveness: Utilizing the SOAR Leadership Model to Improve Communication for Public Sector and Not-for-Profit Organizations." Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing 6, no. 4 (November 17, 1999): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j054v06n04_03.
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Glavinić, Jerko, and Ljiljana Najev Čačija. "Marketinške aktivnosti neprofitnih organizacija u funkciji motivacije mladih na volontiranje." Oeconomica Jadertina 8, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.2737.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The non-profit sector of recent decades arises the interest of researchers and the public not only for its growth, but also the benefits it brings to the entire society. Non-profit organizations are sectoral development initiators, whereby human resources are also needed to achieve targets oriented at different target groups. In order to successfully dedicate non-profit organizations to target groups, the paramount importance is assigned to performance of marketing activities. Key segments, namely target groups, are represented by users, donors, volunteers, employees and the general public. In the context of human resources, volunteers play a major role. Therefore, one of the tasks of marketing activities is the motivation of volunteers for their engagement. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of non-profit organizations marketing activities on six motivational functions of volunteering among young people. These functions are: protection, values, career, society, understanding and respect. Research results suggest that marketing activities have a positive impact on motivational functions of protection and career, whereas this impact has not been confirmed on the function of understanding and value. The impact was partially confirmed on the function of society and respect. The results of the research contribute to a better understanding of volunteer motivation and the active role of the organizations in its development by applying the optimal combination of marketing activities.
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Uteubayeva, A. T., А. А. Kabiyev, and М. Imangaliyeva. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF BANK MARKETING AND THE REAL SECTOR." REPORTS 2, no. 330 (April 15, 2020): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.44.
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In an era of rapid technological development and increasing competition, the value of the mass customer as a source of profit is growing steadily. The client becomes the main asset of the bank, its needs and requirements are in the focus of the banking business. The survival strategy in the struggle for the mass customer is based on the submission of all business processes and procedures to one single goal – customer satisfaction. In the future, business performance will be determined by the degree of customer satisfaction. The economic crisis, the crisis of industrial production is pushing for a review of key aspects of banking marketing, which should explore the interaction of the industrial and banking sectors and generate solutions to increase the effectiveness of their interaction. The crisis confirms that it is necessary to improve the tools of banking marketing in the industrial sector of the economy of the region. Computer models, where the atoms are agents, are called agentbased models. In most works devoted to the construction and study of agent-based models, the rules for interaction between agents are extremely simple. Nevertheless, the result is quite meaningful meaningful results. The issues of improving the use of bank marketing tool to improve the efficiency of interaction between the industrial and banking sectors of the economy are considered. Reasoning upon the economic aspects of the effectiveness of bank marketing, the authors state that a marketing performance evaluation system should have not only mechanisms for a posteriori analysis (that is, analysis of the results of acceptance or rejection of an offer), but also possibility of priori assessment of marketing offers, campaigns, profitability, and even marketing budgets. The system should contain a tool that simulates the appearance of clients, the selection of offers to clients and assessing the acceptance or rejection of offers, probable consumption or non-consumption of the proposed product.
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Magson, Nigel. "‘Information Technology for the Not-For-Profit Sector’. by Ian Harris and Michael Mainelli. ICSA Publishing, London; June 2001; ISBN 186072303; 224 pp." International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 7, no. 1 (February 2002): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.170.
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Manoku, Elfrida, and Mimoza Kalia. "Marketing in the Tax Administration in Albania." Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Economics 60, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aicue-2013-0007.
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Abstract After the late 1970s the marketing discipline has known a considerable expansion and application not only in private sector but also in public or non-profit sector. Currently the debate is focused on how to better integrate the marketing concept and marketing function into the activities of government organizations as means of increasing the effectiveness of the delivery of public policy and citizens satisfaction. Public marketing is a new concept for the Albanian reality and very slowly is entering into the management approach. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how much is known and accepted the concept of marketing in the Albanian public sector and if this level of acceptance or rejection is reflected in the use of marketing strategies and tactics as instruments of public management. After a critical review of the literature about the last trends and research in this issue, qualitative methods are used through a case study in General Directorate of Taxation in Albania. In depth semi-structured interviews with several senior directors and officers were conducted to see the level of perceptions and practices thorough the major departments of this Institution. From the analysis of data gathered resulted that marketing is mostly equated with public relations function and was considered unnecessary and as a significant consumer of public funds. A number of recommendations are given on how to build an efficient marketing model for the General Directorate of Taxation in order to help increasing efficiency and quality of service to citizens.
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Madill, Judith, Norm O'Reilly, and John Nadeau. "Financing social marketing programs through sponsorship: implications for evaluation." Journal of Social Marketing 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-08-2011-0054.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on research designed to assess the impact of sponsorship financing of social marketing initiatives on the evaluation of those social marketing programs. Design/methodology/approach – The research utilizes an in-depth, multi-method case study of the Canadian Mental Health Association Calgary Region (CMHA-CR) who carried out a social marketing campaign concerning mental health behaviors that was largely financed by sponsors. Findings – The sponsorship of the CMHA-CR social marketing program was complex with a total of 15 stakeholders involved as sponsors, partners and grantors. The research reveals that while there is considerable sharing of objectives among the stakeholders in this sponsorship, not all objectives are shared between sponsors and sponsees, and not all objectives are shared between the public and private sector sponsors of the program. Practical implications – The research showed that because sponsors and sponsees share in many of the objectives of the social marketing campaign, the evaluation of the social marketing campaign, particularly its ability to achieve the social marketing-specific objectives, is of interest to all the stakeholder parties, and effective social marketing evaluation must also incorporate evaluation of the non-shared objectives of all sponsorship stakeholders. Originality/value – Increasing social needs, accompanied by reduced government funding and increased competition amongst not-for-profit (NFP) organizations for that funding, are driving NFPs to seek innovative approaches to financing their social programs. The research reports initial findings critical in this environment, as well as raises issues and questions related to future research.
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Mustafiz, Shahriar, Akira Nakayasu, and Mamoru Itabashi. "Marketing of Vegetable Seeds: Practice and Behavioral Inclinations of Vegetable Seed Sellers and Farmers in Selected Areas of Bangladesh." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040364.
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This research was based on a survey conducted in Bangladesh in three major seed-producing divisions, viz., Dhaka, Mymensingh, and Chittagong. Descriptive data was gathered by randomly selecting 100 peasants and 100 rural retailers for in-depth interviews. The general accounting approach was also used to assess profit and loss. The objective of the study was to analyze the marketing tendencies of vegetable seed farmers and sellers. The results showed a lack of market information, poor institutions and arrangements, poor marketing infrastructures, transportation system, and high and unfair profit margin distribution among the value chain actors with little share to the farmers in the vegetable seed market. These findings are indicators of poor marketing efficiency and thereby suboptimal operation of the seed marketing system. The significant determinants of market supply of vegetable seeds were found to be the average current price, age, the total size of land, farmers’ experience, sex, number of oxen, and access to market information. The determinants of demand for vegetable seeds—family size, purchase frequency, the average current price, income level, average expenditure on food and purchasing, profit or loss of vegetable seed farming—were found to be significant in the study. According to the findings of this report, vegetable seed sector in Bangladesh needs more government support, especially in terms of marketing policies in order to improve the current state of vegetable seed farming. Vegetable seed farming was not profitable due to a lack of technology and knowledge, as well as a lack of funding. With the existing status of infrastructure, the presence of middlemen is unavoidable. As a result, farmers have no alternative but to follow the orders of the middlemen, resulting in seed quality problems. Hence, the results are indicative of the measures that should be taken for production, market infrastructure, arrangements, and institutions to improve the functioning of the seed marketing system. It also proposes a vegetable seed distribution channel through which a cooperative community would serve as a collecting hub for a more efficient marketing scheme.
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Cui, Li, Siwei Guo, and Hao Zhang. "Coordinating a Green Agri-Food Supply Chain with Revenue-Sharing Contracts Considering Retailers’ Green Marketing Efforts." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041289.
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Serious environmental issues have drawn the attention of the agricultural sector. Consumers’ concerns about their personal health and food safety have stimulated the demand for green agri-food, which has also made it important to focus on the green agri-food supply chain to improve the food quality and reduce the associated environmental concerns. This paper discusses coordination issues of the green agri-food supply chain under the background of farmers’ green farming and retailers’ green marketing, and the impact of a revenue-sharing contract on key decisions of supply chain participants. On the basis of the two-echelon green agri-food supply chain composed of a farmer and a retailer, a revenue-sharing contract was established that takes the cost of farmer’s green farming and retailer’s green marketing into account. Through the comparison of the model results, it is concluded that the revenue-sharing contract is beneficial to not only increase the greening level, but also improve both the farmer’s profit and the retailer’s profit. Moreover, the effectiveness of the revenue-sharing contract is positively correlated with consumers’ sensitivity to the greening level. Finally, the conclusion is verified by numerical simulation and some management suggestions are given.
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Greenfield, Geoffrey, and Fiona H. Rohde. "Technology Acceptance." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jissc.2011040102.
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During the past decade there has been an increasing interest in research within Not-for-Profit (NFP) organisations. Research has indicated that there are a number of characteristics that make NFPs different from other organisations. This paper considers whether workers within the NFP sector have different attitudes to technology and whether such differences affect the measures used within technology acceptance models. An exploratory study of workers within two NFPs indicated that workers within the service delivery functions of NFPs have different attitudes to technology than workers within the standard business functions of a NFP organisation e.g., marketing. These attitudes affected their perceptions of the use of and ease of technology.
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Cholid, Irfan. "ANALISIS FINANSIAL DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH AMPLANG MENUJUONE VILLAGE ONE PRODUCT." JURNAL PERTANIAN 11, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jp.v11i2.2212.
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The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector in Indonesia has some important roles in development, one of which is MSMEs are able to reduce unemployment due to labor force that is not absorbed in the world of work. One of the village development efforts is through One Village One Product approach. Kauman Village is the center of amplang MSME which is considered by the community to be a typical product of the area and has been operating for years and still exists up to today. Despite being operated for a while, its financial feasibility has not been recognized. In addition, business development strategies are also essential because until now most of these MSMEs still face challenges which one of them is on the marketing aspect. The marketing strategy used is conventional one, which is considered less suitable for today’s digital era. The analytical method used to determine the financial condition ofamplang’s business in KaumanVillage,Ketapang is by calculating the net profit of the business. While the SWOT analysis is used to formulate the amplang MSME development strategy in Kauman Village based on the respondents’ answers on the questionnaires. Based on the results of the financial analysis with net profit calculation, it can be concluded that all amplang MSMEs are feasible to maintain. Meanwhile, according to the results of the SWOT analysis, all amplang MSMEs are positive and in quadrant I which proves that amplangMSMEs are very strong and have a chance to grow and develop.
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Lubienski, Christopher, and Laura Perry. "The third sector and innovation: competitive strategies, incentives, and impediments to change." Journal of Educational Administration 57, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-10-2018-0193.
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Purpose Much justification for third sector involvement in education advances from the notion that attributes from business and non-profit fields could benefit state-run public schools. The purpose of this paper is to explore this issue by examining theoretical underpinnings and expectations for third sector participation in public education systems, particularly with respect to educational innovations and improvements, and the structural opportunities, incentives, and impediments for such innovation. Design/methodology/approach The question is how third sector participation shapes the rate, nature, and types of innovations in education as schools interact in response to competitive pressures. This conceptual analysis of the third sector examines the political-economic features and structures of the sector in fostering innovation, with reference to the US sector that was specifically positioned to enhance the innovative capacity of publicly funded education. Findings The analysis indicates that educational innovations are not necessarily more prevalent in or because of the third sector, and that there are obstacles to their creation and diffusion. Moreover, schools often respond to competitive incentives in ways unanticipated by policymakers, such as school marketing rather than instructional improvement, sometimes in ways detrimental to goals set out for public education, such as social sorting. In fact, instead of the third sector simply developing or incentivizing innovations, there is evidence that this sector has adopted innovations developed in the state sector. Originality/value The analysis suggests that a third sector based more on a professional, as opposed to a competitive, model may better facilitate the development of innovative capacity in education.
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Benyoussef Zghidi, Afef, and Imed Zaiem. "Service orientation as a strategic marketing tool: the moderating effect of business sector." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 27, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-02-2015-0012.
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Purpose Extending the service business in manufacturing firms has received significant attention in recent research. As it has been acknowledged by many authors, developing a service orientation can offer additional benefit potential. However, achieving profit with a competitive strategy depends on the firm’s characteristics and equally on environmental ones. In this scope, the present paper aims to identify antecedents to service orientation and the impact of this strategy on the firm’s performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors first conducted a qualitative research to identify the different forms used to serve clients. Then to test the hypotheses, the authors conducted a quantitative study on a sample of 130 Tunisian firms belonging to three key Tunisian industries. Findings The findings show that the managerial motivation, the firm’s characteristics in addition to environmental characteristics must be considered as antecedents to service orientation. The study has in fact verified the positive impact of service orientation on the firm’s performance and the fact that the business sector has a moderating effect on this relationship. Practical implications At the business level, marketing managers have to commit to finding new opportunities by valorizing market survey, establishing a management mechanism and controlling their service offer system. They have to try to internally “sell this service project” before thinking of adopting a service-oriented marketing strategy. However, industrial firms must equally take into account the services’ specificities for a better management of products/services. In fact, the intangible and the heterogeneous aspect of services increase risk perception and the degree of uncertainty among clients more than in a purchasing situation of a simple product. Consequently, marketing managers have to elaborate a specific approach, decide on a list of offered services, on their method and on quality standards to finally decide on the price. At the economic level, extending the service business has potential benefit for manufacturing firms and consequently for economy. Therefore, manufacturing firms seeking to invest in the service business must be encouraged by the government’s industrial policy. It is very important to help them overcome the obstacles to service adoption by providing financial incentives. In addition, it is very important to help them use and develop the technologies needed to improve the delivery of services. Originality/value In spite of the significant number of studies in this respect, the strategic perspective of service orientation was not as well developed as the organizational perspective and the theoretical development of this field remains underdeveloped. The authors noticed that the empirical applications of previous studies revealed divergent results that can be sometimes contradictory, particularly when they examine the impact of service orientation on performance. Besides, in recent research, “deservitization” appears as a solution adopted by managers who are unable to generate high revenues or margins to cover the additional investment in services. Consequently and considering the lack of consensus in previous studies, the authors’ principal objective is to identify the antecedents of service orientation and to test its impact on the industrial business performance. Additionally, and from an empirical point of view, the authors notice that the majority of past research on service orientation of industrial businesses was conducted in developed countries, whereas the empirical study of the present work was conducted in an emerging country in a transitional phase: Tunisia. Finally, because previous literature has assumed homogeneity on service strategies across sectors, the authors tried to show whether the business sector matters in terms of the relationship between service orientation and the manufacturing firm’s performance.
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Templeton, George E. "Biological control of weeds." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 2-3 (1988): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002204.
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AbstractA shortage of effective, non-chemical pest control measures is a major constraint to more widespread adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Overcoming this constraint with biological pest control tactics appears to be an attainable goal but will require substantial public sector support. Biological agents that are self-perpetuating do not offer profit incentive to private industry. On the other hand, microbial pesticides, which do require annual application, often are so highly specific for particular pests that the private sector is unable to risk venture capital for their development. Collaboration between public- and private-sector scientists is essential for biological pesticide development. In the U.S., a model working relationship for technology transfer between the private and public sector has been achieved with two commercial mycoherbicides, Collego™ and DeVine™. The model illustrates the strengths of the public sector for creating and storing fundamental knowledge of biological interactions at the organismal and ecosystem levels, also the capability of the private sector for large-scale production of fungi, for drying labile, living products, for effective patent protection, for satisfying EPA registration requirements, and for the commercial distribution, marketing and servicing of agricultural products. From three perspectives-biological, technical, and commercial—the success of Collego™ and DeVine™ has provided a definite step in the quest for low-cost weed control methods that are not hazardous to the environment nor in ground water. These successes also provide a model for an approach to reducing the dependence of agriculture upon chemical herbicides, the most extensively used chemical pesticides in agricultural production, likewise a useful insight toward technology that can lead to more widespread adoption of low-input, environmentally compatible and sustainable agricultural production.
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Tsvetkova, A. B., B. V. Musatov, L. A. Danchenok, and Zh B. Musatova. "Researching the Importance of Atmosphere Parameters in the Medical Institution for Younger Audience." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (July 29, 2018): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2018-4-142-151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to attract the attention of customers and build their loyalty the trade enterprise should stand out at the background of others. One factor promoting attainment of this goal is the shop atmosphere. This category is essential for the service sector. The idea of atmosphere is also topical for medical institutions as enterprises of the service sector. What are its components in the field of public health and how can they be used? Can the atmosphere of the medical institution influence patients’ mood? You can find answers to these questions in this article. Analysis of the degree of this problem development in Russian and overseas publications allow us to speak about insufficient attention to its marketing component. In overseas literature the atmosphere of medical institutions is discussed only from the point of view of its therapeutic effect for patients and medical personnel, while Russian publications have not considered this issue. The list of atmosphere parameters consists of well-known elements. Traditionally it is investigated in the field of retail trade, as it makes possible to create and strengthen communication with clients in places of goods selling, to increase sales of the product range and profit. Is the list of parameters the same in medical institution? This question is still topical. The authors identify important parameters of the atmosphere in the medical institution influencing the younger generation – customers of medical services.
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Svubure, O., PC Struik, AJ Haverkort, and JM Steyn. "Analysis of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) value chain in Zimbabwe." Outlook on Agriculture 46, no. 1 (March 2017): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727017690655.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The performance of the Irish potato sector in Zimbabwe is not well understood. Using value chain analysis, this article evaluated the potato industry using quantitative data gathered from stakeholders using structured questionnaires, field observations, local knowledge and expert consultation. About 65% of potato production is processed as French fries and less than 35% for household fresh consumption. Average fresh potato household per capita consumption was 34 kg per year, while the total per capita consumption was 9 kg per year. Gross profit estimated at each linkage was at least 13%. Major factors impacting on the value chain performance relate to high production costs, low yields and a lack of farmer training. Potato marketing is also hampered by the poor road network in the country. The research recommends a lowering of production costs, supplying high yielding cultivars, providing credit facilities, guaranteed land ownership and improving the country’s road network.
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Bhandari, Hemlal, Thaneshwar Bhandari, Krishna Prasad Timsina, and Hari Krishna Panta. "Supply chain efficiency of Tomato in Kathmandu valley." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Past studies kept attention on the supply side or value chain aspects of tomato but not kept attention to the supply chain efficiency. To measure supply-side efficiencies in tomato sub-sector, this survey research organized an interview schedule with the randomly selected eighty households in Kirtipur, Chandragiri, Changunarayan, and Godawori municipalities of Kathmandu valley during April to June 2018 with semi structured questionnaire. Study estimated NRs 8,26,144/ha as net profit of tomato grown under tunnel was nearly 44% higher compared to open field condition. Further five types of marketing channels prevailed for tomato market were; channel first (producer-retailer-consumer), channel second (producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer), channel third (produce-cooperative-retailer-consumer), channel fourth (producer-collector-wholesaler-retailer-consumer) and channel fifth (producer-wholesaler-processor-wholesaler-retailer-consumer) but most dominant was the fourth one since 45% of the fresh tomato supplied through it especially to save time and avoid all possible drudgery in the market. The marketing margin per kilogram of tomato was the lowest (NRs.16.55) in the third channel and the highest (NRs. 39.2) in the fifth channel while the highest market efficiency was 1.27 for the third channel. The producer’s share was highest for the third channel (66.33%) and lowest for fifth channel (39.88%). followed by 1st channel (63.72%) and lowest in 5th channel (39.88%). In order to promote a coordinated and most efficient supply chain, the study suggested the most dominant, low marketing margin and highly efficient supply channel for tomato so that tomato producers would get a high share. Rather than a private one, either group marketing or cooperatives are suggested to involve in fresh tomato marketing.
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Shukla, Shubhendu S., and Saurabh Bajpai. "Customer Taste & Buying Behavior for FMCG Products A Special Reference to the Rural & Sub-Urban Area of Lucknow City of Uttar Pradesh." Restaurant Business 118, no. 9 (September 27, 2019): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i9.7921.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sub-urban market is one of the best opportunities that FMCG companies trying to cash now a days and the companies tries to put their effort to get the best results from these companies. For any of the common family in these areas a major portion of the monthly budget of each household is reserved for FMCG products. The amount of these products distributed in the market against FMCG products is very high, as the compared with the number of products the customers consumes. The condition of competition in FMCG sector is extremely high resulting in extreme pressure on margins of profit.
In this paper my efforts are to understand the buying behavior of the consumers towards FMCG products as there was a time when the FMCG companies ignores the consumers, they just want to produce and sell the product as and where basis they have no interest to produce or sell products on consumer basis or their interests. As per studies it seems that it is the initial stage for the Indian FMCG sector and as per as the time had passed, the strategy and marketing style of FMCG companies had been changed. As the title of my paper reflects, my focus area is more and more sub-urban areas of the Lucknow city and nearby areas of the Lucknow. I had tried to understand the market of FMCF sector in Lucknow and what the customer says for the products and the one most important aspect that whether the customer are loyal for the company or products or not?
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Dabas, Harkesh, Sarang Deo, Manisha Sabharwal, Arnab Pal, Sachin Salim, Lakshmi Nair, Kaartikeya Chauhan, et al. "Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality Tuberculosis Tests (IPAQT): a market-shaping intervention in India." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 6 (November 2019): e001539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001539.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A majority of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in India are diagnosed and treated in the private sector. Yet, most private providers do not use most recent WHO-endorsed microbiological tests such as liquid cultures, line probe assays and Xpert MTB/RIF due to a combination of factors such as lack of awareness, misaligned incentives and high prices that are unaffordable for patients. We designed a market-based approach to transform a high-price, low-volume market equilibrium into a low-price, high-volume equilibrium to improve the uptake of these tests. Toward this end, a non-profit consortium of private laboratories, called Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality Tuberculosis Tests (IPAQT) was formed in India in March 2013. It negotiated lower pricing on equipment and reagents with manufacturers, closer to that offered to the public sector. In return, IPAQT assured that this discount was passed on to patients, who typically paid for these tests out of their pockets, through an informally agreed on retail ceiling price. IPAQT also invested in demand generation activities that complemented the supply-side effort. IPAQT membership grew from 56 laboratories in 2013 to 211 in 2018. During this period, the initiative resulted in a 10-fold increase in the uptake of Xpert and a 30%–50% reduction in price. This initiative is planned to be expanded to other South Asian countries with similar TB epidemic and private market structure and dynamics. However, long-term sustainability of the initiative would require developing more cost-effective marketing activities and integration with broader private sector engagement agenda of the national TB programme.
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Claro, Priscila Borin de Oliveira, and Nathalia Ramajo Esteves. "Sustainability-oriented strategy and Sustainable Development Goals." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 39, no. 4 (January 14, 2021): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-08-2020-0365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeSustainability-oriented strategies involve considering all possible environmental, social and economic factors that impact stakeholders and sustainable development. They could be a crucial contribution of the private sector to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study’s objective is twofolded. First, the authors want to discover if enterprises doing business in Brazil are contemplating the SDGs in their strategies. Second, the authors want to identify the external and internal factors that motivate them.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data through an online survey with employees from Global Compact signatories in Brazil. From a list of 335 for-profit enterprises, the authors got back 132 answers. The sample comprises Brazilian enterprises that only operate in the Brazilian market, Brazilian multinational enterprises (MNEs) and foreign multinationals operating in Brazilian and international markets. For this study, the MNEs’ group comprises Brazilian multinationals and foreign multinationals (MNEs). To characterize the sample and identify the motivating factors, the authors conducted a descriptive analysis. To compare the domestic and MNEs’ mean differences regarding the factors that influenced their strategies and the SDGs, the authors performed Mann–Whitney's U-test.FindingsThe results of the study show that enterprises are addressing the SDGs in their strategies. All internal and external driving factors are similar for domestic and MNEs, except for the value chain's negative externalities. MNEs are more prone to consider their negative externalities, which is a positive trend. Finally, results suggest that both groups of enterprises consider the 17 goals in their strategies, contrary to the theoretical argument that multinationals suffer more pressure because of their broad geographic scope.Research limitations/implicationsThe database of the study involves data collected through a self-response survey. Thus, the authors cannot discuss the effectiveness of real SDGs' strategies once enterprises' discourse on sustainability does not always correspond with practices. Therefore, the authors suggest that researchers address the results of implemented strategies on the SDGs over time to check for improvements and new developments.Practical implicationsThe authors suggest frequent materiality assessment of domestic enterprises' supply chain and articulation of explicit purposes around the selected SDGs, including setting key performance indicators (KPIs) and monitoring progress.Social implicationsThe authors believe that enterprises and decision makers should recognize their essential role to bend the curve on SDGs and shift their behavior toward strategic choices that could contribute to their positive performance over time, without contributing to environmental degradation and socioeconomic chaos.Originality/valuePublication on how enterprises address the SDGs in Brazil is relatively scarce. This study provides some answers to that by focusing on the factors influencing sustainability-oriented strategies on the SDGs. Besides, most previous studies consider a small sample of enterprises and are industry specific or focus on the effects of the SDGs in public policy. The sample of this study is diverse and represents 42% of the for-profit signatories of the Global Compact in Brazil.
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Grymak, A. V. "Economic features of the formation of the market of meat production (problems, developmental focus)." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 86 (February 26, 2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A stable agrarian sector is the basis of the progressive socio-economic development of any country. In this format, the functioning of market-based economic systems is particularly relevant to a life-sustaining industry such as agriculture and cattle breeding, in particular. It is a market with exhausting market mechanisms that can act as an economic regulator of relations between its participants, to formulate demand and supply, and to see «itself» in it is an actual and priority task. The sector of meat cattle breeding was a rather complex and time-consuming period of recognition of market relations, which, frankly, was accompanied by the emergence of a number of disproportions. As a result, the resources of the industry have been reduced considerably, the number of animals has sharply decreased, the links to processing and marketing enterprises have not been fully balanced, and so on. This affects the reduction of production of meat and meat products, respectively, in the formation of an efficient food market and the functioning of market relations in the agroindustrial complex in particular. It should be noted that the western region of Ukraine, including the Lviv region, has favorable natural, climatic and economic conditions for the efficient functioning and development of the market for meat cattle breeding. In this important, even historical, role is played by the fact that the population of the region has always been burdened with the development of individual private farms for the breeding of various types of livestock and poultry. And, it is probably objective, that in the agrarian sector of this region, the production of livestock products is more important. The analysis of the present situation shows that in a market economy, meat products market serves as a united system of activities of a large number of entities. Undoubtedly, all market participants have their own definite interest, which in certain situations may even be the opposite in the supply-demand stages. And the main factor here is that the commodity producer is doing everything possible to completely compensate for his expenses and to get the maximum possible profit in the form of profit. Of course, first of all, for further extended reproduction of its production (economy). That is why the main task of our research was to track whether the prevailing social and economic relations based on the production, processing, marketing and consumption of meat cattle-breeding are expressed in the meat-cattle market, and, by their effectiveness, act as a regulator of demand and suggestions
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Das, Gopal, John Peloza, Geetika Varshneya, and Todd Green. "When do consumers value ethical attributes? The role of perceived quality in gift-giving." European Journal of Marketing 55, no. 1 (September 23, 2020): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-02-2019-0202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Although research demonstrates the importance of ethical product attributes for consumers, a prior study has not examined the role of consumption target (i.e. self-purchases vs gift-giving) on consumers’ preference for products with ethical attributes. Notably, consumers’ preference for quality can differ between self-purchases and gifts, and the presence of ethical attributes can impact product quality perceptions. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the presence of ethical attributes alters decision-making in a gift-giving context using perceptions of product quality as an explanatory variable for these differences. Design/methodology/approach One field study and two controlled experiments test the proposed hypotheses. The experiments were conducted across different product categories and samples. Findings Results showed that the presence of an ethical attribute leads to higher purchase intentions for products in a gift-giving context compared to self-purchase. Perceived quality mediates this effect. Further process evidence through moderation, including resource synergy beliefs, support the findings. This paper discusses the theoretical, managerial and societal implications of these results. Research limitations/implications Although care was taken to select products to enhance generalizability, the studies presented here are limited to two products. Further, although the present research includes a field study with actual charity-related purchases, the role of time pressures is not explicitly explored. Finally, the role of brand-self connections is not explored in the current research. The ability for a donor to integrate the mission of a charity into their self-perception or the potential for social normative influences to impact behaviors remains open for exploration. Practical implications Charities are facing increasing pressures to raise sustainable funds to support their missions. The research provides guidance to marketers and fundraisers in the non-profit sector that allows them to direct more focused fundraising appeals to donors and adapt their fundraising efforts to create a fit between their audience and fundraising appeals. Originality/value This research demonstrates that consumption target (purchasing for the self versus purchasing for others) is a vital contextual factor that influences customer preference for ethical attributes. These results complement the extant literature by exploring the underlying mechanism behind consumers’ responses to the ethical attributes in the case of self-purchase and other-purchase. The underlying effect is supported theoretically by resource synergy beliefs.
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Hübner, Alexander. "A decision support system for retail assortment planning." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 45, no. 7/8 (July 10, 2017): 808–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-09-2016-0166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Because increasing product variety in retail conflicts with limited shelf space, managing assortment and shelf quantities is a core decision in this sector. A retailer needs to define the assortment size and then assign shelf space to meet consumer demand. However, the current literature lacks not only information on the comprehensive structure of the decision problem, but also a decision support system that can be directly applied to practice in a straightforward manner. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The findings were developed and evaluated by means of explorative interviews with grocery retail experts. An optimization model is proposed to solve the problem of assortment planning with limited shelf space for data sets of a size relevant in real retail practice. Findings The author identifies the underlying planning problems based on a qualitative survey of retailers and relates the problems to each other. This paper develops a pragmatic approach to the capacitated assortment problem with stochastic demand and substitution effects. The numerical examples reveal that substitution demand has a significant impact on total profit and solution structure. Practical implications The author shows that the model and solution approach are scalable to problem sizes relevant in practice. Furthermore, the planning architecture structures the related planning questions and forms a foundation for further research on decision support systems. Originality/value The planning framework structures the associated decision problems in assortment planning. An efficient solution approach for assortment planning is proposed.
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Bressolles, Grégory, Francois Durrieu, and Kenneth R. Deans. "An examination of the online service-profit chain." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 43, no. 8 (August 10, 2015): 727–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-11-2013-0214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the service-profit chain (SPC) on e-service quality dimensions, online customer value (CV) dimensions, e-satisfaction, and e-loyalty in an e-commerce context. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 2,813 internet customers filled in an online questionnaire after completing a specified task on one of 28 wine web sites from seven countries. Findings – The results highlight the impact of the dimensions of e-service quality (information, aesthetics, ease of use, security/privacy, and reliability) on the dimensions of online CV (functional, economic, and social value) as they affect e-satisfaction, which in turn influences e-loyalty. The results validate the SPC in an e-commerce context and also stress the partial mediating role of the dimensions of online CV between the dimensions of e-service quality and e-satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – The sample may not exactly match the customer profile of the web sites analyzed. In order to generalize the results, future research should replicate this study with a customer sample from each web site. Future research could also take into account other variables that may have an influence on the relationships identified. Additionally it would be interesting to replicate the study in other industries and undertake longitudinal studies in one or more industries. Practical implications – From a managerial point of view, online retailers, especially in the wine sector, can positively affect CV, satisfaction, and loyalty by focussing on information, aesthetics, ease of use, security/privacy, and reliability. Originality/value – This paper is the first to study the SPC by examining service quality dimensions, CV dimensions, satisfaction, and loyalty in an online context. It extends the knowledge of online retailing by validating the SPC on the dimensions of traditional service concepts, such as service quality and CV. The findings can assist online retailers to better understand the dynamics of online customer relationships and the implications for customer satisfaction and ultimately loyalty.
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Shynkaruk, L., T. Vlasenko, A. Sukhanova, and Yu Vlasenko. "Marketing tools to increase efficiency and competitiveness of poultry production enterprises." Bioeconomics and Agrarian Business 11, no. 2 (September 24, 2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy2020.02.113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organizational and economic principles of poultry production, which are formed by the system of internal and external factors, have been researched in the article. To diagnose these factors, the system of developed economic indicators has been used. The evaluation and analysis of these indicators make it possible to determine the state of organizational and economic level of poultry production enterprises. The main purpose of this research is to highlight the study outcomes of poultry industry development at Ukrainian enterprises. It is planned to analyse the structural dynamics of poultry number, the impact of factors affecting gross production of poultry products, research on impact of feed on the enterprise economic efficiency and profit increase by reducing the production cost. The relevance of this research is conditioned by further scientific research of development trends and regional features of poultry enterprises efficiency and competitiveness increase and substantiation of strategic perspectives. In the process of solving these tasks, general and special methods have been used: abstract and logical – to clarify the essence of main economic categories; analysis and synthesis – to analyse the development and economic efficiency level of poultry enterprises; comparative analysis – to compare different phenomena and processes regarding their impact on economic efficiency of poultry enterprises. Ukraine has been chosen as a research object. The expediency of efficient poultry development is necessitated by the need to tackle the most important socio-economic challenge – food security guaranty – not only for the individual region but also for the country as a whole, as poultry farming is rapidly growing industry. But the problem is the restoration and development of poultry farming with the involvement of a wide range of specialists, the study of poultry enterprises economic efficiency, taking into account the features of technological processes in this industry. Results of the study may be useful for the analysis and effective development of poultry industry as part of agricultural sector.
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Bowen, Mauvalyn Manzia. "Jamaican micro/small entrepreneurs: a comparative assessment of their motivations and problems." Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship 23, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrme-02-2020-0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the motivations and challenges faced by three groups of micro and small entrepreneurs in Jamaica, as well as factors that might contribute to their success. Success was operationally defined in the study as profit. Design/methodology/approach Data from a survey of 192 micro and small entrepreneurs in the urban informal sector of Jamaica were used in the study. The design tracked a descriptive survey approach with multivariate analysis. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data with some open-ended flexible questions. The structured questionnaires with Likert-type items were used to increase the reliability and the validity of the responses obtained. The open-ended questions were used to gain a better understanding of the background and experience of the respondents and to allow for diverse reactions. Findings Results showed that entrepreneurs are motivated by opportunities to create a job for themselves, to increase their income, to be their own boss and control their own destiny, to gain personal security, to acquire personal wealth and build equity for their retirement. Factors that are perceived critical for their success include working hard, displaying good customer service skills, increase in sales, attracting new customers and selling quality goods and services at competitive prices. Major business problems were identified as weak economy, low sales volume, lack of adequate capital, poor infrastructure, crime and violence and too much competition. Research limitations/implications The results of this research may lack generalizability because of the research approach, design and methodology. Practical implications Implications for policymakers, practice of entrepreneurship in Jamaica as well as information for the academic and research institutions are presented in the paper. Originality/value There are numerous management and economic issues that may be addressed by local and regional initiatives through this study. The government, other policy makers, profit and not-profit organizations may therefore need to look more closely at entrepreneurial education and training, advertising and promotion expertise, technology and other infrastructural development to better assist micro and small entrepreneurs. Additionally, leveraging the local academic, scientific and research base through the creation of technology transfer offices will be critical to entrepreneurial success.
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Chhabra, Gurpreet Kaur. "Satisfying Service Customer through a Strong Service Strategy." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 12, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v12.n2.p2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Services require a lot of customer interaction and involvement. Research in the field of service marketing suggests that this particular sector mainly earns profit from customer retention. Therefore the need of the hour is to design a strong service strategy. It is easy to get a customer through strong advertising or publicity efforts but retaining customers and keeping them delighted is almost impossible for any firm. Therefore they have to continuously keep on innovating in order to understand and surpass the rising customer expectations. But still at times despite of the best efforts of company or service staff some customers due to some or the other reason become dissatisfied with the service firm and as a result stop patronizing and change their loyalty and move to other competitive firms. It is very essential to recover such defected customers. There are certain strategies which, if religiously adopted by the service firms can not only help them bring back the defected customers but also equip them in preventing customer defection at first place itself. In this article an attempt has been made to highlight the essential elements and steps involved in designing and delivering effective and efficient customer service strateg
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Blake, Julian, Sonja Fourie, and Michael Goldman. "The relationship between sports sponsorships and corporate financial returns in South Africa." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 20, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-12-2016-0088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Sponsorship is a major contributor to income in the South African sports arena, and is a critical component allowing sports unions to remain financially viable and sustainable. Sports sponsoring companies, however, have long questioned the financial returns generated from these ventures. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether financial returns of companies with sports sponsorship in South Africa are significantly different to those without. This research was conducted on Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies that sponsored sport consistently between 2000 and 2015 for a period of two years. A quantitative methodology was employed whereby share price, revenue and earnings growth were analysed, comparing firms that did not adopt strategies involving sports sponsorships to those that did. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative methodology was employed, whereby share price, revenue and earnings growth were analysed, comparing firms that did not adopt strategies involving sports sponsorships to those that did. South Africa is an emerging market and a member of the BRICS Forum ranked 14th in the sport sponsorship market globally (Sport Marketing Frontiers, 2011), becoming increasingly dominant in the global sports industry (Goldman, 2011). The population consisted of JSE-listed Main Board and alternative exchange companies that participated in any form of consistent sports sponsorship in the given time frame: 2000-2015, where the company’s share price, revenue and earnings per share (EPS) data for the period were available from the INET BFA database. The JSE is ranked 17th in terms of market capitalisation (over $1 trillion) in the world, being the largest stock exchange on the African continent with over $30bn being traded on average monthly. Multiple journals today publish research done on the JSE, for example the International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Investment Analysts Journal and the South African Journal of Accounting Research. This stock exchange is 125 years old and has over 400 listed companies of which 358 are domestic (Kruger et al., 2014). Findings Results show that companies involved in sports sponsorship during the period analysed did not experience enhanced share price or revenue growth in excess of those companies not involved in sports sponsorship. As a whole, sports sponsoring companies did however experience greater income growth (EPS) than those companies not involved in sports sponsorship. Enhanced revenue growth was found in the consumer services sector, indicating that sport sponsorship in this sector drives brand image and recall resulting in enhanced revenues. These results though indicate that a multitude of differing objectives may exist for companies engaging with sports sponsorship, with increased sales not the singular objective. In general it is concluded that sports sponsorship is considered to achieve a broad spectrum of outcomes that are likely to contribute to increased profitability. Research limitations/implications The relatively small size of 40 firms on the JSE in the South African sports sponsorship market is a limitation for this research. The purely quantitative approach limited the ability to gain the required level of insight into those sectors with small samples, which a qualitative study would reveal. SABMiller as example could not be analysed against its sector peers, given that it is one of the most prominent and consistent sports sponsors in South Africa across all major sporting codes. The telecommunications sector was represented entirely by companies that were involved in sports sponsorship and, hence, no in-depth comparison could be conducted within this sector. Vodacom, a major sponsor of sport in South Africa, could not be compared with its peers utilising purely financial and statistical methods. Cell C is one of the most prominent sponsors of rugby in South Africa, through its title sponsorship of the Cell C Sharks, and was not included in this study as it is not listed on the JSE. It is suggested that such companies should be included in a qualitative study approach. Practical implications The results of the Mann-Whitney U test for the consumer services and financial sectors confirm no significant difference in EPS growth for companies utilising consistent sports sponsorship as part of their marketing mix to those that do not. The consumer services sector has seen above-average revenue growth from sports sponsorship compared with its sector peers; however, the sector was unable to convert this increased revenue growth into increased profits, suggesting that the cost of sponsoring, as well as the operating costs associated with sports sponsorship, counteract any growth in revenue. Social implications The sample of sports-sponsoring companies experienced a larger annual mean EPS growth rate of 30.6 per cent compared to the remaining JSE Main Board companies which grew EPS annually at 27.4 per cent. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test confirm a significant difference in EPS growth for companies utilising consistent sports sponsorship as part of their marketing mix. From a practical interpretive perspective, this result reveals that those companies in South Africa involved in sports sponsorship consistently attain greater than market-related profit growth. This poses some interesting points for discussion, given that revenue growth was not statistically different, which suggests that many sponsors are utilising the sponsorships for purposes other than sales growths that result in a profitable outcome. The potential range of options is large but would likely comprise the creation of stronger supplier relationships, resulting in optimised business inputs. Sponsors might be utilising sponsorships to improve corporate social status, which assists them in creating regulatory compliance, in some instances. Additionally, these sponsorships may be utilised to maintain key client relationships that provide the highest levels of profitability, and whilst this might not grow revenue through new business acquisition, it may result in higher profitability as a result of a loyal and stable customer base. Originality/value Much of the available research focusses on the sponsorship of specific sporting events and the share price impact thereof at specific occasions like the announcement, renewal and termination. Where research is conducted across a multitude of sporting events and codes, this predominantly focusses on share price performance only, with varying and somewhat inconclusive results. There is little research focussing on wider, more comprehensive sets of sponsored events and sporting codes, and that seeks to provide an understanding of financial returns for sponsoring properties. In a study of more than 50 US-based corporations it was found that, as a group, corporations which consistently invested in sports sponsorships outperformed market averages, and that those with higher sponsorship spend achieved higher returns (Jensen and Hsu, 2011). The study utilised descriptive statistics. More analysis, utilising detailed statistical analysis, is required to better understand the effects of sponsorship on the wider set of variables analysed. In this case, a five-year compound annual growth rate was calculated for stock price appreciation, total revenue, net income and EPS, and analysed descriptively with only means and standard deviation. Measurement of such variables assists with an understanding of the materialized results of sponsorship as opposed to much of the work in this field, which analyses market reactions to sponsorship announcements.
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Tosida, Eneng Tita, Fajar Delli Wihartiko, Utep Utep, and Fredi Andria. "Prospect Prediction Model Of Indonesian Telematics Medium Large Size Enterprises Using Deep Learning Approach." IJEEIT International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology 4, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijeeit.v4i1.1308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analysis of business prospects is an important part of predicting a country's economic conditions. Currently, the prediction of prospects for medium-big sized enterprises (MLE) in the telematics sector has not been widely researched and represented as a factor of economic development in Indonesia. In fact, in accordance with the development of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the telematics sector business is one of the pillars that is a priority to be developed in Indonesia. The main purpose of this study is to construct the prediction model for prospects in the Indonesian telematics LME sector using a deep learning approach. We used data from the 2016 National Economic Census as many as 2500 preprocessed data. The deep learning approach in this study used a multilayer perceptrón (MLP) architecture, 17 attributes, 3 hidden layers and 5 target classes. The attributes in question include province, business owner education, legal entity status, length of operation, business network, total assets, business lava, number of workers, difficulties, partnerships, marketing innovations, comparison of profit with the previous year, and development plans. The target class of prospects are excellent, good, neutral, bad and very bad. The optimal results were achieved in epoch 50 conditions with a learning reate of 0.2 and an accuracy rate of 98.80%. Based on the prediction model, this business prospect can be used as a reference for the development of MLE in the telematics sector in Indonesia. This prospect model still lacks visualization and attribute analysis that affects the classification of prospects for Indonesian telematics MLE. Research development opportunities can be carried out through the integration of the whitebox model in the deep learning model and complementing a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) to make it easier for stakeholders to develop strategies based on the strength of attributes that affect the prospects for MLE Telematics Indonesia. This is expected to boost the competitiveness of the prospects for Indonesian telematics MLE.
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Irfan, Tooba, and Muhammad Talha Salam. "Kaarvan Crafts Foundation: embracing digital literacy for women empowerment." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2020-0215.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: educate the students about the challenges in the development sector in general and in work of organizations working for women empowerment in particular; understand the overall concept of women empowerment vis-à-vis social entrepreneurship; explain the importance of technology in entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship and development sector especially in marginalized communities in developing countries; and learn operational-level resource management in a resource-constrained setting of a non-profit sector. Case overview/synopsis Kaarvan Crafts Foundation (referred to as Kaarvan henceforth) worked for women empowerment in Pakistan with a focus on creating economic opportunities for rural women entrepreneurs. The case shares different initiatives by Kaarvan for creating opportunities for economic empowerment of rural women entrepreneurs. The main focus of the case is a program “Digitize to Equalize” in which Kaarvan offered digital literacy training to rural women entrepreneurs. The program involved developing an ecommerce platform where rural women entrepreneurs could sell their handicrafts and other products. A comprehensive training activity was designed as part of the program to facilitate trainees to sell their products on a purpose-built website. The training covered different activities ranging from using smartphones, basic product photography to order handling. Even in the initial phase, the challenges were somewhat unexpected for the team as they grappled with diversity of learning among the trainees. Few trainee women were able to learn the skills quickly and requested their trainers from Kaarvan to train them on widely popular skills of social media marketing. At the same time, other trainees were struggling with basic skills and needed more time to get basics right. Because the program had limited resources, Kaarvan’s management found themselves in a fix. The mission-oriented organization wanted to ensure the best possible opportunities for the trainees but the resources did not permit to create separate cohorts for different training areas. Complexity academic level In terms of complexity, this case study is suited for business students enrolled in senior undergraduate, graduate programs and executive MBA programs. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 7: Management Science.
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McKenzie, Brent, and Emily Hunter. "A case study of a non-profit organization in an emerging economy: O fonds in Latvia." Baltic Journal of Management 16, no. 1 (November 3, 2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-02-2020-0039.
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PurposeThe focus of this research is to present a case study of a small Latvian-based non-profit organization (NPO), O fonds (Oncology Foundation), and how they are an exemplar of the challenges facing NPOs in countries that do not have a strong history of NPO success. The research is supported through primary data collection of multiple interviews and correspondence with the key informant of O fonds, the CEO. These insights were supported with secondary data analysis of the history of NPOs in emerging markets, as well as the history of cancer screening in Latvia.Design/methodology/approachIn order to address the gap in the existing research literature, a single firm case analysis was selected to provide the context of the study. A series of semi-structured questions focused on O fonds branding and rebranding activities were posed to the CEO of the firm. Subsequent personal interviews were conducted to analyze and interpret the original results. This primary data were linked to secondary data about the practices of O fonds, NPOs in Latvia and the roles and challenges of NPOs in emerging markets.FindingsThe analysis of the findings from the primary data collection found that O fonds' rebranding effort helped to achieve a more stable and significant place for NPOs in the healthcare sector in Latvia and of equal importance with the Latvian general public. Tangible results included more financial support from donors, with an added benefit of increased joint marketing activities with corporate donors. Furthermore, active involvement with O fonds and medical professionals resulted from the rebrand. Also, there was an increase in referral patients to O fonds so they could attempt to get these people support for cancer screening.Research limitations/implicationsQuestions as to issues of validity from the use of a single case study, and greater issues with a single case, single interview method are acknowledged. This potential limitation, with respect to this study, was deemed to be lessened based on the use of multiple interviews and sourcing of secondary company material with the CEO of O fonds. Further support by way of sharing of a secondary data, and organizational insights helped to address any major limitations in the research methodology, as helpful information and materials that might not have been readily available, or unavailable without this level of trust, could be obtained.Practical implicationsExploring how NPOs can rebrand their firm to better meet the needs of society and be most impactful will contribute to both managerial practice and academic literature. By examining how a non-profit rebranding process occurs, in an emerging economy, and determining how effective rebranding can be utilized as a turnaround strategy, is a contribution of this research. Given the limited non-profit rebranding literature, particularly in emerging markets, this study provides exploratory insights within a new context to help propel the field of knowledge.Social implicationsNPOs have been shown to play a valuable role in communities across many regions of the world as NPOs enable citizens to come together to collectively work toward a common goal with the purpose of bettering society. With respect to the focus on O fonds their aim of increasing early detection of cancer continues to rise, but more positively, the incidents of treatable cancer are also rising as the result of the former. Regrettably, this positive trend in increased cancer screening does not equate to lower mortality rates across all countries, particularly countries in emerging markets such as Latvia.Originality/valueThis is one of the first known studies of an NPO in the emerging market of Latvia, in general, and in the Latvian healthcare sector specifically. As there is a dearth of research in this field of study, and the fact that NPO growth is a critical component of society growth in emerging markets, there is an important contribution to be made to both practice, and society, from the findings from this research.
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Mohapatra, Sanjay, Amit Nayak, Ankita Bhangadiya, Ipshit Bagchi, Pradeep Kumar Sharma, and Sukanya Behera. "A dilemma of terracotta professional – the case of implementing information systems in a terracotta unit." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2013-0038.
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Subject area The case concerns strategy. Study level/applicability This study is applicable to information system, development sector and application of technology in development sector. Case overview Krutika Terracotta Unit is a small unit located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha (India), owned by Mr Tarun Tapan Sahoo. The organization product portfolio varies from decorative statues, pots and vessel to customized products demanded by customers. Organization is also involved in training and renting the products for traditional fairs, marriages and religious ceremony in Bhubaneswar along with order sales. The case attempts to get a close picture of the industry. The exercise of developing the vision, mission, and goals for the organization was carried out and an attempt was made to align the information system with the business objectives even though the organization does not have a very structured organogram. Using BIS will surely reduce manual work and will give qualitative output. There will be lesser hassles in management. The defined and integrated approach will also help in taking strategic decisions well. The objective is to develop and apply well-structured BIS which can be integrated with the existing system so as to develop the terracotta organization in terms of reachability and profit-making with better decision-making capacity. Expected learning outcomes To learn about the business model of a handicraft marketing organization; to learn about the processes involved in traditional art form of Terracotta; to go through the exercise of creating vision, mission, goals of the organization through mutual discussion and expectation of owner; to determine how BIS helps in achieving higher productivity in Krutika Terracotta Unit; and to get an idea about how NPV calculation and social ROI should be measured for finding feasibility of technology investment. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Defence statement has been uploaded. Consent form to publish has been uploaded.
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Lestari, Emi, and Hardi Bahar. "ANALYSIS OF THE CAPABILITY OF SALES STRATEGIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MSMES IN BATAM CITY IN THE FACE OF THE COVID 19 SITUATION." JOURNAL OF APPLIED BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaba.v5i1.2705.
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MSMEs are part of Indonesia's economic growth. This global pandemic has had a significant impact on all aspects of the world and in fact it is not only in foreign countries, the Indonesian state is also about a tremendous impact on the national economic sector, especially for Micro Enterprises; Small; and Intermediate. In recent years, developments in the MSME sector have had obstacles and weaknesses that are commonly faced by entrepreneurs in terms of improving their business performance, including the lack of a good capital system and the amount and source of capital, lack of managerial ability and skills in terms of operations, limitations in product marketing. products, unfair competition among businesses, and economic pressure which results in a narrow and limited scope of business. With the need to improve business performance in terms of increasing sales, capital, labor, market and profit growth, business actors need to implement a sales strategy in running a business. Therefore, this study aims to determine how the influence of the sales strategy with the sections of Customer Segmentation, Customer Priority and Targeting, Relationship Objectives and Sales Model, and the use of several sales channels on the performance of MSMEs. The population part of the study is all MSMEs in Batam City with sampling using purposive random sampling technique, thus this study took the number of respondents of 101 samples obtained in data collection. The data analysis in this study used descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics, namely Structural Equation Modeling Patrial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using the smart-pls 3.0 application. The results of this study indicate that the sales strategy with the characteristics of the use of several sales channels and customer segmentation has a significant effect on the performance of the UMKM, while the sales strategy with the characteristics of Customer Priority & Targeting and relationship objectives & the sales model have no effect on the performance of the UMKM.
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Armando, Pedro D., Sonia A. Uema, and Elena M. Vega. "Integration of Community pharmacy and pharmacists in primary health care policies in Argentina." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.4.2173.
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Argentina is a federal republic with approximately 44 million people, divided into 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. The health system is segmented into public, social security and private subsystems. The social security and private sectors cover more than 60% of the population. Total health expenditure in 2017 was 9.4% of gross domestic product. Primary health care (PHC) was considered as the principal strategy for universal coverage policy for health system reform in Latin America at the end of 20th century. The most remarkable characteristics of the Argentinian health system are its fragmentation and disorganization. An increase of public sector demands, due to a socioeconomic crisis, led to the subsequent collapse of the system, caused primarily by a sustained lack of investment. First care level decentralization to the Integral Health Service Delivery Networks (IHSDN) becomes the cornerstone of a PHC-based system. Pharmacists and community pharmacies are not formally mentioned in PHC policies or IHSDN. However, pharmacies are recognized as healthcare establishments as part of the first care level. Community pharmacists are the only health care professional whose profit comes from the margin on product sales. Contracts with social security and private insurances provide small margins which reduce the viability of community pharmacies. There is a preference by community pharmacies to diversify product sales instead of providing professional services. This is driven by marketing and economic pressures rather than patient care and health policies. Dispensing is the main professional activity followed by management of minor illness and associated product recommendations. Currently, there are no national practice guidelines or standard operating procedures for the provision of pharmaceutical services and there is no nationally agreed portfolio of services. National pharmacy organizations appear to have no official strategic statements or plans which would guide community pharmacies. There are some isolated experiences in community pharmacies and in public first care level pharmacies that demonstrate the possibilities and opportunities for implementing pharmaceutical services under the PHC approach. There is a real lack of integration of community pharmacies and pharmacists in the healthcare system.
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Chauhan, Roma, and Amit Kumar. "Practo Technologies: the online way of life!" Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 7 (November 14, 2013): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2013-0127.
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Subject area Innovation, information technology, e-marketing and sales, strategy and entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability The case is intended for use in advanced graduate and executive education level management and technical programs of study. The case is high inter-disciplinary appropriate for all courses dealing in use of innovation, information technology, entrepreneurship, marketing and sales and strategy. Case overview Practo Technologies Pvt Ltd is a company established in 2008 by entrepreneurs Shashank, N.D. along with Abhinav Lal. At Practo Technologies engineers practice to create technology that supports healthcare industry. In India, there is not enough assistance given to the patients in terms of searching for appropriate doctors and fixing an appointment with them easily. The patient's data lie scattered in reports and the patient's medical history goes unrecorded. Practo provides a robust platform for doctors and patients to collaborate together under one umbrella. It provides patients with open basket of doctor profiles and special search based on doctor's specialty. The case showcases the journey of transformation healthcare sector in India has gone through. The change was resisted, it never came that easy! The case explores issues in implementing information technology for clinics and hospitals in India. This case illustrates interesting facts Indian healthcare and the preparation they need to equip with to manage global technology tide. Expected learning outcomes The case can be used for teaching service innovation. Managing innovative practices and low-cost online business models is illustrated. In particular, it deals with how the early start up employs innovation to set up new working ideas. The case is designed to stimulate discussions of broad array of issues regarding deployment of IT services specifically in the hospitals and clinics across India. Evaluate the advantages and liabilities of expanding globally at a very early start up stage. The case focuses on Practo early development with only concept in hand and transforming it into a profit generating business. Evaluate the advantages and challenges of innovation, technology development, deployment and training of manpower to use it. The case offers students opportunity to understand and take view of strategically building early start up and management of concerns with no prior experience. To identify business opportunities and explore various possibilities of expansion into IT healthcare business. The students are given base to explore sales and marketing strategies for online model. The students get overview of cutting edge business offerings and surviving the dynamic competition in the era of globalization. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Asaolu, T. O., O. Oyesanmi, P. O. Oladele, and A. M. Oladoyin. "Privatisation and commercialisation in Nigeria: Implications and prospects for good governance." South African Journal of Business Management 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v36i3.636.
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The privatisation and commercialisation Decree No. 25 of 1988 (amended 1999) which provided the legal backing for the Technical Committee of Privatisation and Commercialisation (TCPC), began the major paradigm shift in the conceptualisation of public enterprises in Nigeria. The paper primarily examined the privatisation exercise in Nigeria since 1988. It also attempted to provide measures that will simplify the complex process of privatisation with the hope of lessening the probability of crisis. The paper considered the impact of privatisation on performance of privatised companies, changes in employment and the increase in the prices of commodities of the enterprises vis-à-vis their gross income towards the overall good governance of the Nigerian society.The data for the paper were mainly secondary; and were drawn from the financial statements of companies in the stock Exchange and other stock Exchange reports, Central Bank Bulletins, publications and published reports of the Bureau of Public Enterprises. Newspapers and publication of the Federal Office of Statistics are other sources. The data were analysed by trend analysis using absolute figures, percentages and ratios based on the past record on privatisation in Nigeria.However, the study discovered that only a few successful enterprises, Flour Mills, African Petroleum, National oil and Chemical Marketing Company Limited (NOLCHEM) were partially privatised. The commercialisation of enterprises such as National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), Nigeria Telecommunications (NITEL) and Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), hardly showed any significant improvement in their operational and economic performance.The papers showed that employment levels were affected by privatisation. Between 1989 and 1993, the public sector accounted for more job losses than privatised companies. When privatised firms employment rose, public and private sectors still had lower employment levels. The sharp increase in prices between 1992 and 1994 did not create a sufficient increase in gross earnings for 1994. The results revealed that a reduction in public control would have an effect (at least in the short term) on prices. Profits increase but the extent to which this increase can attributed to reduction of government controls is not clear. Three banks witnessed sharp increase in investments and profitability immediately after privatisation, and there was a slight decrease before another increase. Results showed that privatisation has improved company performance, especially in the efficiency of resources utilisation. Higher profit to capital employed ratios has been witnessed since privatisation. Debt/Total Asset ratios have not been affected in any adverse way. Results from the study also revealed that price increases in excess of 200% occurred immediately after privatisation. This perhaps has an effect on the profits of the companies (especially those that still maintained monopoly status for a while.However, one fact is clear: the heydays of public enterprises in Nigeria are gone for good. It was on this note that the study concluded that privatisation is the appropriate economic recipe to achieve the much desired human development and good governance.
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Chigudu, Daniel. "Aligning profit making organisations’ strategy to the public sector for improved performance: Market orientation." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 1 (2015): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c5p5.
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This study is a review of the market orientation concept in relation to performance in the public sector. Related literature reveals a positive correlation of market orientation and public sector performance. Although the MARKOR scale, a process approach and the behavioural approach show a significant organisational performance in the profit making organisation, these models appear to have focussed mainly on generic issues in the public sector. The SERVQUAL instrument attempts to only gauge service delivery quality and not the implementation of the marketing concept which defines market orientation. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining public sector benefits of market orientation. The contribution prompts public sector organisations to embrace market orientation and in turn enhance performance.
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Lickus, Petras. "Two-sided Market Effect in Lithuanian Mobile Communications Market." Engineering Economics 23, no. 1 (February 15, 2012): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1225.
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The paper deals with the activity of Lithuanian mobile communications operators in the context of two-sided market. One knows that value of goods and services grows with an increasing number of people using them. There are products that are used in conjunction with other products at the same time. The latter, when used alone, are almost worthless. Buyers who use these products make up networks. In these networks user utility grows logging in new users. The market characterized by this feature is called a network market and its positive effect of consumption is network externality. Network externality is the situation when consumer utility by good consumption increases with the number of other agents consuming the good or in other words network externality is the increase of net value of action resulting from the growth of the same number of users performing that action. In economic literature generally considered products where network externality can occur are: fax machines, telecommunication networks, credit cards, computer hardware and software, etc. There are two types of network externality: direct and indirect. The direct network externality is generated by the consumption of the same product. The indirect network externality occurs when product value is added by a growing number of substitutions. A good example of this kind is computers and their software. This effect is often called a hardware-software paradigm. The indirect network externality is related to minimum two markets. One, that is exposed to influence and the other (or others) that exposes. In economic literature it is possible to find the term cross-network externality. It is argued that this externality occurs between mobile calls and cellphone sales in the context of two-sided market. One side is cellphone calls and the other is cellphones. It is argued that the profit decline on the cost of subsidizing cellphones is offsetted by an increase in profits from sales of calls. So, this method helps to increase the demand for cellphone calls. This article presents the theoretical model of a two-sided market in a mobile communications area. The conditions of subsidization that is used in order to increase net profit are determined. The research of Lithuanian mobile calls demand is made. The main data sources of the study are reports on the electronic communications sector released by The Communications Regulatory Authority of the Republic of Lithuania (data concerning subscribers, calls’ prices and quantities) and United States Department of commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis (relates to price index of computers and peripherals). The main results of this estimation are introduced. The study shows that mobile calls’ demand does not depend on the sales of cellphones and that subsidization of cellphones does not stimulate the sales of mobile calls. Lithuanian operators use this subsidization only as a marketing tool in order to acquire bigger market share.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1225
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Truong, V. Dao. "The career paths of social marketing doctoral graduates." Journal of Social Marketing 7, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 18–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-04-2016-0018.
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Purpose Although the social marketing field has developed relatively quickly, little is known about the careers of students who chose social marketing as their main subject of study. Such research is important not only because it reveals employment trends and mobility but also because it informs policy making with respect to curriculum development as well as raises governmental and societal interest in the social marketing field. This paper aims to analyse the career pathways of doctoral graduates who examined social marketing as the subject of their theses. Doctoral graduates represent a special group in a knowledge economy, who are considered the best qualified for the creation and dissemination of knowledge and innovation. Design/methodology/approach A search strategy identified 209 doctoral-level social marketing theses completed between 1971 and 2015. A survey was then delivered to dissertation authors, which received 117 valid responses. Findings Results indicate that upon graduation, most graduates secured full-time jobs, where about 66 per cent worked in higher education, whereas the others worked in the government, not-for-profit and private sectors. Currently, there is a slight decline in the number of graduates employed in the higher education, government and not-for-profit sectors but an increase in self-employed graduates. A majority of graduates are working in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. Overall, levels of international mobility and research collaboration are relatively low. Originality/value This is arguably the first study to examine the career paths of social marketing doctoral graduates.