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1
Madani, George. "First confirmed records of the Western Hooded Scaly-foot Pygopus nigriceps from New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 41, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2020.017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The Western Hooded Scaly-foot Pygopus nigriceps is a widespread pygopod concomitant with the sandy arid zone of inland and western Australia. The limited suitable habitat available and inaccessibility of north western New South Wales means that the occurrence of P. nigriceps has long gone undetected in the state. This is despite ecological work and fauna surveys having been conducted within this area. Here I report two records of P. nigriceps from far north western NSW (Sturt National Park and Winnathee Station), which are the only known confirmed records to date. This brings the number of known pygopods in NSW to 12 species.
2
Gibson, DL. "Post-early cretaceous landform evolution along the western margin of the Bancannia trough, western NSW." Rangeland Journal 22, no. 1 (2000): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj0000032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previously undated post-Devonian sediments outcropping north of Fowlers Gap station near the western margin of the Bancannia Trough are shown by plant macro- and microfossil determinations to be of Early Cretaceous (most likely Neocomian and/or Aptian) age, and thus part of the Eromanga Basin. They are assigned to the previously defined Teleplione Creek Formation. Study of the structural configuration of this unit and the unconformably underlying Devonian rocks suggests that the gross landscape architecture of the area results from post-Early Cretaceous monoclinal folding along blind faults at the western margin of the trough, combined with the effects of differential erosion. This study shows that. while landscape evolution in the area has been dynamic, the major changes that have occurred are on a geological rather than human timescale. Key words: geology, landscape evolution, Eromanga Basin, folding
3
Farquhar, Jules E. "Range extension of the Triodia Earless Skink Hemiergis millewae, and first record in New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 40, no. 4 (January 2020): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2019.022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A specimen of the Triodia Earless Skink Hemiergis millewae was discovered on the Barrier Range of far-western New South Wales (NSW). This observation is significant because it constitutes the first record of the species in NSW and the Broken Hill Complex bioregion, extending the species’ range 140 km north-east of the nearest known population in South Australia. Suitable spinifex habitat for H. millewae is highly isolated and small in extent on the Barrier Range, and the species may qualify for listing as a threatened species in NSW. I discuss the cause of apparent disjunctions in the species’ distribution and highlight the need for additional survey effort.
4
Dovey, L., V. Wong, and P. Bayne. "An Overview of The Status and Management of Rock-wallabies (Petrogale) In New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two species of rock-wallabies occur in New South Wales; the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus in the far west and the Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata in the east. Both species have contracted in distribution and abundance across their former range and are threatened in NSW. The P. xanthopus population in NSW now comprises only two sub-populations. Removal of large numbers of goats, thought to be the primary threat, has not halted the wallaby's decline. Fox and cat predation is now considered the major threat. Fox control is currently being conducted. P. penicillata has undergone a dramatic and continuing decline from being common throughout south-eastern Australia to currently being extremely rare in the southern and western parts of its range and found only in isolated colonies throughout the north of its range. Predation (particularly fox, but including dog and cat), once again, is considered the major threat. A recovery program has been commenced involving the media and wider community in locating extant colonies, as well as developing and implementing Population Management Plans. This program has documented further local extinctions and extremely low numbers of individuals in colonies in the southern and western parts of the range. While no surviving colonies are known between the Shoalhaven area and the Victorian border, there remain more and larger colonies in the north of the state.
5
Bruce, Barry D., Scott A. Condie, and Caroline A. Sutton. "Larval distribution of blue grenadier (Macruronus novaezelandiae Hector) in south-eastern Australia: further evidence for a second spawning area." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 4 (2001): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Small numbers of blue grenadier, Macruronus novaezelandiae, larvae were found in coastal waters off eastern Victoria and southern New South Wales in August 1993. This is the first record of larval blue grenadier from mainland Australian waters. It is considerably further north than previous records of larvae and remote from the single known spawning ground off western Tasmania. Larvae were aged between 17 and 36 days and were largely confined to an inshore northward flowing water mass. Back calculated spawning dates indicated that larvae from eastern Victoria/southern NSW were spawned earlier than larvae collected during the same period off western and southern Tasmania. Otolith increment widths were significantly wider in larvae caught in eastern Victoria/southern NSW suggesting that they experienced faster growth and development conditions than the Tasmanian larvae. Three-dimensional modelling of circulation and particle advection suggested that the source of eastern Victoria/southern NSW larvae was most likely eastern Bass Strait. These data suggest that there is a second, albeit limited, spawning area for blue grenadier in south-eastern Australia.
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Heywood, Peter Frank, and Simon Turpin. "Variations in Soil Carbon Stocks with Texture and Previous Landuse in North-western NSW, Australia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 2 (February 16, 2013): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n2p124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Australia’s land managers will need specific information about the best locations at which to sequester carbon if they are to take advantage of the recent Carbon Farming Initiative of the Australian Government under which carbon offsets can be created through sequestration of carbon in soil and trees. The literature indicates that soil texture and previous landuse are important determinants of soil carbon content. This paper describes the results of work to assess the current levels of soil carbon and the extent to which they vary with previous landuse and soil texture in the Namoi Catchment Management Authority in North West NSW, Australia. Soil samples were taken at 74 sites for determination of soil carbon concentration and stocks as well as soil texture and landuse in the last 10 years. There was wide variation between sites in soil carbon concentration and stocks which were greatest in those soils which had not been disturbed by cultivation and in soils with higher clay content. Thus, the greatest potential for carbon sequestration is in soils with the lowest carbon concentration, those which have been previously disturbed, and with higher clay content. Maintaining any increased carbon concentration will depend on minimizing disturbance, increased carbon input and minimizing loss of carbon through soil erosion. As these factors all vary significantly on a regional and landscape basis it will be important for land managers to have access to information which allows them to choose the sites at which potential for sequestration of soil carbon is greatest.</p>
7
Campbell, MH, AM Bowman, WD Bellotti, DJ Munich, and HI Nicol. "Recruitment of Curly Mitchell Grass (Astrebla Lappacea) in North-Western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 18, no. 1 (1996): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9960179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recruitment of Astrebla lappacea was studied from 1986 to 1995 in a pasture in north-western NSW where the density of plants had declined from 1 to 3 plants/m2 in 1970 to 0.023 plants/m2 in 1986. Three treatments were imposed: ungrazed-sprayed-slashed, where annual weeds were treated with herbicides and slashing to reduce competition during recruitment; ungrazed-only; and grazed-only. The seed bank of A. lappacea was measured on four occasions and densities of A. lappacea plants determined after major rainfall events mainly in summer and autumn. On the ungrazed treatments the seed bank of A. lappacea increased from 0 in 1988 to 908, 898 and 286 germinable seed/m2 in, respectively, 1992, 1993 and 1995. Flowering and seedling recruitment occurred each year from 1988 to 1995 but seedlings only survived to become mature plants from the 1988 and 1992 recruitments. The major reason for the death of seedlings was dry conditions in the latter half of the year (1 10 to 135 mm of raid6 months). Frosts and competition from Brassicaceae weeds (mainly Raphistrum rugosum) in winter and spring also contributed to death of seedlings. Recruitment of seedlings and their survival to mature plants was higher on the ungrazed-sprayed-slashed treatment than on the other treatments. Recruitment and survival on the ungrazed-only treatment occurred because Brassicaceae weeds did not establish when recruiting rains fell in summer. Plant densit increased from 0.023 plants/m2 in 1986 to, respectively, 0.86, 0.64 Y and 0.004 mature plantdm and 7.88, 6.37, 0.10 seedlings/m2 on the ungrazed-sprayed-slashed, ungrazed-only and grazed-only treatments in 1995. On the grazed-only treatment the methods used to detect seeds revealed none in the soil during the experiment. However, some seeds were present because there was a low level of recruitment none of which survived to mature plants. The number of mature plants declined from 0.023 to 0.004/m2 indicating that under the present grazing system the complete elimination of A. lappacea from pastures in north-western NSW is possible if some form of managed recruitment is not devised.
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Ruiz-Talonia, Lorena, David Carr, Rhiannon Smith, R. D. B. Whalley, and Nick Reid. "Effect of temperature and light on germination of 10 species of Eucalyptus from north-western NSW." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 8 (2018): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of temperature and light were examined on the germination of 14 seedlots of 10 Eucalyptus species, which are important for revegetation of native communities in north-western New South Wales. The species tested were E. albens, E. blakelyi, E. chloroclada, E. dealbata, E. camaldulensis, E. melanophloia, E. melliodora, E. pilligaensis, E. populnea and E. sideroxylon. Species were subjected to three alternating day/night temperatures (15/5, 25/15 and 35/25°C), representing winter, spring/autumn and summer conditions, respectively, and two light treatments (light/dark or dark), in growth cabinets. Limited quantities of seed of most seedlots prevented full factorial combinations of most treatments. Overall germination was high but varied significantly between species and seedlots within species. Differences were small, but light combined with winter or spring/autumn temperatures resulted in higher average germination (96%) than darkness and summer temperatures (93%). Seedlots of E. chloroclada, E. blakelyi, E. camaldulensis, E. sideroxylon, E. melliodora and E. melanophloia germinated consistently well under all treatment conditions, whereas germination in seedlots of E. albens, E. dealbata, E. melliodora, E. pilligaensis and E. populnea varied with treatments. Germination of small seeds was higher in the presence of light whereas larger seeds germinated better in continuous darkness. The time to first germination was three times faster under summer and spring/autumn temperatures than winter temperatures. In conclusion, temperature and light can significantly impact germination percentage and rate, depending on the species and provenances, and therefore should be considered in planning restoration projects in both nursery and field.
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Aragnou, Emilie, Sean Watt, Hiep Nguyen Duc, Cassandra Cheeseman, Matthew Riley, John Leys, Stephen White, et al. "Dust Transport from Inland Australia and Its Impact on Air Quality and Health on the Eastern Coast of Australia during the February 2019 Dust Storm." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dust storms originating from Central Australia and western New South Wales frequently cause high particle concentrations at many sites across New South Wales, both inland and along the coast. This study focussed on a dust storm event in February 2019 which affected air quality across the state as detected at many ambient monitoring stations in the Department of Planning, Industry and Environment (DPIE) air quality monitoring network. The WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecast Model—Chemistry) model is used to study the formation, dispersion and transport of dust across the state of New South Wales (NSW, Australia). Wildfires also happened in northern NSW at the same time of the dust storm in February 2019, and their emissions are taken into account in the WRF-Chem model by using Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) as emission input. The model performance is evaluated and is shown to predict fairly accurate the PM2.5 and PM10 concentration as compared to observation. The predicted PM2.5 concentration over New South Wales during 5 days from 11 to 15 February 2019 is then used to estimate the impact of the February 2019 dust storm event on three health endpoints, namely mortality, respiratory and cardiac disease hospitalisation rates. The results show that even though as the daily average of PM2.5 over some parts of the state, especially in western and north western NSW near the centre of the dust storm and wild fires, are very high (over 900 µg/m3), the population exposure is low due to the sparse population. Generally, the health impact is similar in order of magnitude to that caused by biomass burning events from wildfires or from hazardous reduction burnings (HRBs) near populous centres such as in Sydney in May 2016. One notable difference is the higher respiratory disease hospitalisation for this dust event (161) compared to the fire event (24).
10
McCALLUM, ANNA W., and GARY C. B. POORE. "Two crested and colourful new species of Lebbeus (Crustacea: Caridea: Hippolytidae) from the continental margin of Western Australia." Zootaxa 2372, no. 1 (February 26, 2010): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two new species of hippolytid shrimp are described from the continental margin of Western Australia, Lebbeus clarehannah sp. nov. from one female specimen collected off Bald Island, WA, at depths of 408–431 m and Lebbeus cristagalli sp. nov. from ten specimens collected off north-western Australia at depths of 397–458 m. Both species belong to the group of Lebbeus species possessing epipods on only the first two pairs of pereopods. Within this group, they are similar to L. yaldwyni Kensley, Tranter & Griffin, 1987 from NSW, Australia, and L. compressus Holthuis, 1947 from Japan in possessing a high crest on the carapace. These crested species of Lebbeus are reviewed. They can be distinguished from one another by the shape of the carapace crest, the number of spines on maxilliped 3 and by colour pattern. A key to all crested species and colour photos of the Australian species are provided.
11
Cockfield, Geoff, Uttam Shrestha, and Cathy Waters. "Evaluating the potential financial contributions of carbon farming to grazing enterprises in Western NSW." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 3 (2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article reports on modelling of the farm-level financial implications of changing land use from rangelands grazing to ‘carbon farming’ (vegetation-based carbon sequestration) in north-western New South Wales, Australia. Four model farm businesses were created by combining information from existing carbon projects funded under the Australian Government’s Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF), data from surveys of farm businesses in the study regions and biomass estimations from the pasture growth model, GRASP. Scenarios for each of the businesses were: baseline (current grazing system); clearing vegetation to increase carrying capacity; establishing a carbon project; and establishing a carbon project and reinvesting some of the additional income in exclusion fencing to increase carrying capacity on non-project areas. The carbon project scenarios were based on either of two approved carbon sequestration methodologies within the ERF: avoided deforestation; and human-induced regeneration. In comparing the financial outcomes of these scenarios across the modelled businesses, we found potential advantages for landholders in having projects where livestock carrying capacity was at medium to low levels for the study region and where woody vegetation biomass potential was medium to high for the region. The case for sequestration projects on land with higher carrying capacity and therefore higher opportunity cost was much less compelling. In most cases, reinvestment in exclusion fencing resulted in similar financial returns to just having a carbon project but farm business income increased in later years.
12
Burton, RW, and I. R Littiejohns. "The Occurrence of Antibody to Bluetongue Virus in New South Wales. ' I. Statewide Surveys of Cattle and Sheep." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 41, no. 4 (1988): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9880563.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two State-wide surveys were carried out in 1978 to detect bluetongue (BLU) virus antibody in cattle and sheep sera in New South Wales (NSW). The first survey showed that BLU group antibody in cattle 18-24 months old was confined to the coastal regions (east of the Great Dividing Range) and the Hunter Valley. However, in the second survey, of cattle more than 5 years old, reactors were much more widely distributed over the north-eastern third of the State and into the western division with prevalences up to 85% in some areas. In contrast, very few reactors were detected in sheep in either survey (less than 1 % of the sheep sera tested).
13
Musgrave, Robert, Yvette Poudjom Djomani, John Greenfield, Rosemary Hegarty, and Stephen Dick. "Potential field “worms” and models as the basis of a 3D tectonic model of the Koonenberry Belt, north-western NSW." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2007, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2007ab097.
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MAHONY, MICHAEL J., HARRY B. HINES, TERRY BERTOZZI, STEPHEN V. MAHONY, DAVID A. NEWELL, JOHN M. CLARKE, and STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN. "A new species of Philoria (Anura: Limnodynastidae) from the uplands of the Gondwana Rainforests World Heritage Area of eastern Australia." Zootaxa 5104, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5104.2.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The six species of mountain frogs (Philoria: Limnodynastidae: Anura) are endemic to south-eastern Australia. Five species occur in headwater systems in mountainous north-eastern New South Wales (NSW) and south-eastern Queensland (Qld), centred on the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area. A previous molecular genetic analysis identified divergent genetic lineages in the central and western McPherson Ranges region of Qld and NSW, but sampling was inadequate to test the species status of these lineages. With more comprehensive geographic sampling and examination of the nuclear genome using SNP analysis, we show that an undescribed species, P. knowlesi sp. nov., occurs in the central and western McPherson Ranges (Levers Plateau and Mount Barney complex). The new species is not phylogenetically closely related to P. loveridgei in the nuclear data but is related to one of two divergent lineages within P. loveridgei in the mtDNA data. We postulate that the discordance between the nuclear and mtDNA outcomes is due to ancient introgression of the mtDNA genome from P. loveridgei into the new species. Male advertisement calls and multivariate morphological analyses do not reliably distinguish P. knowlesi sp. nov. from any of the Philoria species in northeast NSW and southeast Qld. The genetic comparisons also enable us to define further the distributions of P. loveridgei and P. kundagungan. Samples from the Lamington Plateau, Springbrook Plateau, Wollumbin (Mt Warning National Park), and the Nightcap Range, are all P. loveridgei, and its distribution is now defined as the eastern McPherson Ranges and Tweed caldera. Philoria kundagungan is distributed from the Mistake Mountains in south-eastern Qld to the Tooloom Scrub on the Koreelah Range, southwest of Woodenbong, in NSW, with two subpopulations identified by SNP analysis. We therefore assessed the IUCN threat category of P. loveridgei and P. kundagungan and undertook new assessments for each of its two subpopulations and for the new taxon P. knowlesi sp. nov., using IUCN Red List criteria. Philoria loveridgei, P. kundagungan (entire range and northern subpopulation separately) and P. knowlesi sp. nov. each meet criteria for “Endangered” (EN B2(a)(b)[i, iii]). The southern subpopulation of P. kundagungan, in the Koreelah Range, meets criteria for “Critically Endangered” (CE B2(a)(b)[i, iii]). These taxa are all highly threatened due to the small number of known locations, the restricted nature of their breeding habitat, and direct and indirect threats from climate change, and the potential impact of the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis. Feral pigs are an emerging threat, with significant impacts now observed in Philoria breeding habitat in the Mistake Mountains.
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McHenry, Melinda T., Brian R. Wilson, Peter V. Lockwood, Christopher N. Guppy, Brian M. Sindel, Matthew K. Tighe, Ivor O. Growns, and John M. Lemon. "The impact of individual Callitris glaucophylla (white cypress pine) trees on agricultural soils and pastures of the north-western slopes of NSW, Australia." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 3 (2009): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Woody vegetation thickening occurs in agri-ecosystems worldwide, often with negative consequences for production. Dense Callitris glaucophylla (Joy Thomps. & L.A.S. Johnson) stands affect landscapes across NW NSW, Australia, and strategies to reduce tree density to levels which maintain biodiversity values alongside agricultural production are currently being sought. We investigated soil chemical and groundcover patterns associated with individual small and large C. glaucophylla trees at six sites of variable management history and lithology in NW NSW, Australia. We posed two questions: (1) do individual C. glaucophylla trees impose patterns on soil and groundcover (soil extractable P, C, N, S and pH, litter biomass, litter P and pasture cover), and, (2) if patterns exist, do they differ between tree sizes? Results showed that extractable P, C and pH decreased away from trees of both sizes, but significantly higher values were recorded adjacent to the stem of large trees. Litter biomass exhibited a strong site-related trend independent of soil variables. Positive correlations between litter and soil variables existed for some sites and not others, indicative of processes such as grazing which contribute to the transport of litter away from the tree. Irrespective of tree size ground-storey vegetation cover increased significantly away from the stem, presumably as a consequence of competition for soil water. Further results indicated that single C. glaucophylla trees enrich soils in patterns analogous to other species in similar environments worldwide. However, localised soil improvements must be weighed up against the negative effects of decreased groundcover associated with trees, and the potential for the species to re-seed prolifically into managed paddocks. Future research will discern the impact of individual C. glaucophylla trees at higher densities, where soil patterning may be modified by intense within-stand competition.
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Lunney, Daniel, Martin Predavec, Indrie Sonawane, Rodney Kavanagh, George Barrott-Brown, Stephen Phillips, John Callaghan, et al. "The remaining koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) of the Pilliga forests, north-west New South Wales: refugial persistence or a population on the road to extinction?" Pacific Conservation Biology 23, no. 3 (2017): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the 1990s, the Pilliga forests were carrying the largest population of koalas west of the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales (NSW). Whereas the NSW koala population in its entirety was thought to be in decline, the Pilliga population stood out as potentially increasing. By 2007, anecdotal evidence suggested that the population was in decline. We undertook surveys of koalas in the Pilliga forests that repeated surveys undertaken between 1991 and 2011. We found that koalas had declined and were found in only 21% of sites in which they were observed in the initial surveys – by any measure, a 5-fold drop in occupancy in less than two decades is severe. Declines occurred evenly across the Pilliga, with persistence at a site seemingly related to a high initial density of koalas rather than to a slower rate of decline. Sites where koalas persisted were characterised as having higher temperatures and lower rainfall relative to other sites, being close to drainage lines with deeper soils and having a lower occurrence of fire. This pattern fits with the observation in the recent surveys that koalas were next to drainage lines in the western half of the Pilliga and fits with the suggestion that koalas show refugial persistence. Recovery from this point is not assured and will depend on how we manage the landscape, particularly with the threat of climate change. This will likely require active management within an adaptive management framework, such as restoration of refuges, and not simply habitat reservation.
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Lee, E., U. Klöcker, DB Croft, and D. Ramp. "Kangaroo-vehicle collisions in Australia's sheep rangelands, during and following drought periods." Australian Mammalogy 26, no. 2 (2004): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of roads on wildlife behaviour and ecological function are poorly known in arid Australia. The most obvious impact is roadkill from wildlife-vehicle collisions. Therefore we collected statistics on kangaroo-vehicle collisions, investigated the causal factors of these collisions, and related roadkill mortality to the population structure, size and distribution of four kangaroo species in two intensive six month studies during and following drought. The research was conducted along a 21.2 km sealed section of the Silver City Highway between Broken Hill and Tibooburra that passes through the University of New South Wales (NSW) Arid Zone Research Station at ‘Fowlers Gap’ in north-western NSW. The rate of roadkill was higher during drought (20.8 roadkills month-1) than non-drought (2.6 roadkills month-1). Affected species were red kangaroos (Macropus rufus), euros (Macropus robustus erubescens), western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) and eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus). During drought, M. fuliginosus and M. giganteus were killed in lower proportions than their proportion in the source population, otherwise species were killed in proportion to their density along the road. There were no sex biases but male M. r. erubescens were much more likely to be beside the road than females and thus were killed more often during drought. The majority of roadkills were young individuals around 2 years old. Curves and stockraces along the road significantly increased the likelihood of roadkills. Likewise the frequency of roadkills was a function of the kangaroo population density along the road, night time traffic volume, low rainfall and higher vegetation cover and greenness along the road relative to surrounding areas. We evaluate the relationships between these causal factors and kangaroovehicle collisions, and discuss the possible effects of these collisions on kangaroo population structure under drought and post-drought conditions.
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Lewis, Tom, Peter J. Clarke, Ralph D. B. Whalley, and Nick Reid. "What drives plant biodiversity in the clay floodplain grasslands of NSW?" Rangeland Journal 31, no. 3 (2009): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An assessment of the relative influences of management and environment on the composition of floodplain grasslands of north-western New South Wales was made using a regional vegetation survey sampling a range of land tenures (e.g. private property, travelling stock routes and nature reserves). A total of 364 taxa belonging to 55 different plant families was recorded. Partitioning of variance with redundancy analysis determined that environmental variables accounted for a greater proportion (61.3%) of the explained variance in species composition than disturbance-related variables (37.6%). Soil type (and fertility), sampling time and rainfall had a strong influence on species composition and there were also east–west variations in composition across the region. Of the disturbance-related variables, cultivation, stocking rate and flooding frequency were all influential. Total, native, forb, shrub and subshrub richness were positively correlated with increasing time since cultivation. Flood frequency was positively correlated with graminoid species richness and was negatively correlated with total and forb species richness. Site species richness was also influenced by environmental variables (e.g. soil type and rainfall). Despite the resilience of these grasslands, some forms of severe disturbance (e.g. several years of cultivation) can result in removal of some dominant perennial grasses (e.g. Astrebla spp.) and an increase in disturbance specialists. A simple heuristic transitional model is proposed that has conceptual thresholds for plant biodiversity status. This knowledge representation may be used to assist in the management of these grasslands by defining four broad levels of community richness and the drivers that change this status.
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Barnes, P., B. R. Wilson, N. Reid, L. Bayerlein, T. B. Koen, and G. Olupot. "Examining the impact of shade on above-ground biomass and normalized difference vegetation index of C3and C4grass species in North-Western NSW, Australia." Grass and Forage Science 70, no. 2 (March 5, 2014): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12118.
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Robson, AD. "The Effects of Grazing Exclusion and Blade-Ploughing on Semi-Arid Woodland Vegetation in North-Western New South Wales Over 30 Months." Rangeland Journal 17, no. 2 (1995): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9950111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inedible native shrubs are considered to be a primary cause of lost pastoral productivity in the semi- arid woodlands of north-western New South Wales. Most rehabilitation programs have focussed on reducing shrub density. In recent years blade-ploughs have been tested for this purpose. Results have been variable and most programs have brought neither lasting shrub control nor improved production for pastoralism over the medium to long term. Failure to control grazing after initial treatment is suspected as one reason for the low success rate. An experiment involving blade-ploughing and grazing exclusion was established in July 1990 in sandplains supporting semi-arid woodlands, near Bourke New South Wales (NSW). The treatment factors were crossed and each was imposed at two levels: present and absent. Shrub density, pasture composition and pasture biomass variables were selected and measured before, and over a 30 month period following treatment. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA. The densities of Eremophila sturtii, E. deserti, E. gilesii and Dodonaea viscosa ssp. angustissima as well as that of 'Total shrubs', all increased after ploughing, irrespective of the presence or absence of grazing. In all cases except that of E, sturtii, there was no significant difference between shrub density in ploughed and unploughed plots 30 months after treatment. While E. sturtii density increased significantly to begin with, it remained significantly lower in ploughed plots compared to unploughed plots at the end of the study period. This suggests that blade-ploughing offered only temporary control of these shrubs on this land type. Pasture biomass was significantly greater in ploughed/ungrazed plots (1300 kg/ha) compared with other treatments at the end of the study. Ploughed/ungrazed plots were the only ones where fuel had accumulated to a level which offered any possibility of burning to control shrub regeneration. The same treatment also contained a significantly greater proportion of desirable pasture species than any other treatment at the end of the study period.
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Sun, H., and P. S. Cornish. "A catchment-based approach to recharge estimation in the Liverpool Plains, NSW, Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated drainage and shallow groundwater change in a headwater catchment of the Liverpool Plains in north-western New South Wales. A catchment model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), was used to explore rain-fed drainage to shallow groundwater and its relationship to land use. Drainage was predicted along with the prediction of runoff on a catchment and land-use basis over a simulation period of 44 years. Predicted drainage in the catchment was 8 mm/year for the 44 years, which essentially matched estimates derived from bore data observed in the catchment over a 22-year period. These estimates of drainage are much lower than published estimates based on scaling up to the catchment using estimates of drainage derived from point-scale models for different land uses. Estimates of drainage for the different land uses, derived from the catchment model, were also generally lower than simulated drainages from other studies in the area using point-scale models. The investigation demonstrates a place for catchment-based modelling for estimating drainage at the catchment scale. This is mainly because observed catchment runoff is used as an error controller in catchment recharge modelling, whereas scaled-up point-scale modelling generally does not use observed catchment runoff to derive the catchment drainage. Modelling on the Liverpool Plains catchment also suggests that some of the drainage entering the vadose zone and groundwater is later lost via evapotranspiration, a process not generally simulated in crop models, and requiring further investigation to improve understanding of recharge processes and accuracy of modelling.
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McLeod, M. K., G. D. Schwenke, A. L. Cowie, and S. Harden. "Soil carbon is only higher in the surface soil under minimum tillage in Vertosols and Chromosols of New South Wales North-West Slopes and Plains, Australia." Soil Research 51, no. 8 (2013): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reduced carbon stock levels in Australian soil due to cropping provide a significant opportunity for carbon sequestration, and the recent initiative to consider soil carbon in domestic emissions trading requires a scientific assessment of soil carbon levels under a range of cropping soil management practices. Some of the previous research in southern and western New South Wales (NSW) showed that the rate of carbon decline in cropping soils is slowed under minimum tillage when the stubble is also retained. However, such comparison is rare in the NSW North-West Slopes and Plains region, particularly on the red soils (Chromosols) which are one of the major soil types in the region. We surveyed 50 dryland Chromosols, 72 dryland Vertosols, and 25 irrigated Vertosols on commercial farms across this region to examine the effects of conventional tillage, minimum tillage, and irrigation on total soil organic carbon. Samples of 0.1 m segments to 0.3 m depth were analysed for total organic carbon and other soil properties. Mid-infrared scans were used to predict the particulate, humus, and resistant soil organic carbon fractions. Bulk density was used to calculate total organic carbon stock for each segment, and equivalent soil mass (ESM) for 0–0.3 m. In Vertosols, for 0–0.3 m ESM, total organic carbon and particulate organic carbon were not different between management practices, whereas humic organic carbon and resistant organic carbon were consistently lower under conventional tillage. However, in 0–0.1 m, total organic carbon was greater under minimum tillage (15.2 Mg ha–1) than conventional tillage (11.9 Mg ha–1) or irrigation (12.0 Mg ha–1), reflecting less soil surface disturbance under minimum tillage. In Chromosols, only total organic carbon was higher under minimum tillage than conventional tillage in the 0–0.3 m ESM (39.8 v. 33.5 Mg ha–1) and in 0–0.1 m (19.7 v. 16.9 Mg ha–1). The strong influences of rainfall, temperature, bulk density, texture, and management history on soil carbon stocks suggested that these environmental and management factors require further consideration when gauging soil carbon sequestration potential under current and novel tillage practices in key regional locations.
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Reid, K. "Alan Forrest Reid 1931–2013." Historical Records of Australian Science 27, no. 2 (2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dr Alan Reid is remembered as the founding father of automated mineralogy. He achieved international recognition as a research scientist, and was also a visionary leader within CSIRO, Australia's largest scientific organization. Reid contributed a distinguished body of basic research to solid state chemistry, publishing on organometallics, thermodynamics, crystal structures, high pressure minerals and mineral processing. He went on to lead development of processes that greatly benefited industry. These included the solar absorber surface AMCRO, and the QEM*SEM analysis that automatically characterized mineral assemblages. As an Institute Director at CSIRO he made important contributions to the structure and business processes of the organization, during a period of upheaval unprecedented in its history. It was Reid's leadership and perseverance that led to the establishment of the Queensland Centre for Advanced Technologies, the Australian Resources Research Centre in Western Australia, and major redevelopment of the CSIRO site at North Ryde in NSW. A master of broad collaboration with researchers, academics, companies and government agencies, when he retired from CSIRO Reid further benefited Australian science as a consultant to government and industry. The mineral reidite, a high pressure phase of ZrSiO4, is named after this tireless polymath.
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JOHNSON, JEFFREY W., and JESSICA WORTHINGTON WILMER. "Three new species of Parapercis (Perciformes: Pinguipedidae) and first records of P. muronis (Tanaka, 1918) and P. rubromaculata Ho, Chang & Shao, 2012 from Australia." Zootaxa 4388, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4388.2.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three new species of pinguipedid fishes from northern Australia are described based on specimens collected by deep water demersal trawling. Parapercis algrahami sp. nov. is recorded from off Dunk Island, Qld, south to Newcastle, NSW, in 67–333 m. It is distinct in having five narrow transverse dark bars across the upper body and a dark spot dorsally on the caudal-fin base, 6 canine teeth in outer row at front of lower jaw, palatines with 1–2 rows of teeth, and predorsal scales extending far forward on the nape to the posterior portion of the interorbital region. Parapercis imamurai sp. nov. is recorded from off Saumarez Reef, Qld, south to off Coffs Harbour, NSW, in 256–405 m. It is unique in having colouration that includes a broad dusky bar from lower margin of eye across the suborbital region and three broad dusky bands crossing the body between the middle of the soft dorsal-fin and the caudal-fin base, 10 canine teeth in outer row at front of lower jaw, and the fifth dorsal-fin spine longest. Parapercis pogonoskii sp. nov. is unique in having a combination of three reddish-brown vertical bars on the upper body between the anterior and posterior portions of the soft dorsal fin, the soft dorsal fin with two large dusky blotches and caudal-fin base with a dusky blotch in the upper corner, 8–10 canine teeth in outer row at front of lower jaw, fifth dorsal-fin spine longest, angle of subopercle with a single broad spine, and angle of preopercle with 4–5 large widely-separated spines. Comparison of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO 1) genetic marker utilised in DNA barcoding produced significant genetic divergences of at least 8.1% and 14.1% between P. algrahami sp. nov. and P. pogonoskii sp. nov. respectively and their closest sampled congeners. The geographic range of Parapercis rubromaculata Ho, Chang & Shao, 2012 is extended from Taiwan to the southern hemisphere waters off Western Australia, based on specimens collected from Shark Bay, north to Ashmore Terrace, in depths of 56–107 m. A revised diagnosis for the species is presented, meristic, morphometric and DNA barcoding data for the two populations are compared, and a detailed description of the colouration of fresh and preserved specimens from Australia is provided. Previous records of Parapercis macrophthalma (Pietschmann, 1911) from Western Australia are established as misidentifications of Parapercis muronis (Tanaka, 1918) and the latter is thereby confirmed from the southern hemisphere and Australian waters for the first time. Comparative meristic, morphometric and DNA barcoding data is provided for populations of P. muronis from Japan, Philippines and Western Australia.
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Sarooshi, R. A., G. C. Cresswell, L. Tesoriero, P. J. Milham, I. Barchia, and A. M. Harris. "Effect of biosolids compost on two NSW coastal soils used to grow vegetables." Soil Research 40, no. 5 (2002): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study compares the effects of biosolids compost (BC) and inorganic fertiliser (IF) on the nutrient status of a clay loam at Rydalmere in Western Sydney, and an earthy sand at Somersby, 85 km north of Sydney. The soils represent the textural range used for vegetable production in the Sydney Basin of New South Wales. The soils had been under permanent sod (Rydalmere) or native vegetation (Somersby) for at 40 years prior to the experiment. There were 3 treatments during February 1994: IF, fallow (F), and BC. The same plots were treated again during September 1994 to give the combinations: IF followed by IF (IF + IF); F by BC (F + BC); BC by BC (BC + BC). The 4 replicates of each treatment were randomised in blocks. Treatments were incorporated into raised beds to a depth of 15 cm and vegetables were planted in March and again in October 1994. The total amounts of C and N initially present in the soil in the beds (0-15 cm) at Rydalmere were at least 3 times greater than at Somersby and the ratio was greater for S, P, Ca, Mg, K, and Na. By April 1995, the quantities of the 8 monitored nutrients had decreased at both sites for the IF + IF treatment; increased at Somersby, but not at Rydalmere for F + BC; and increased at both sites for the BC + BC treatment. The changes caused by the BC + BC treatment were greater in relative terms at Somersby, because of the initial difference in fertility between the 2 soils. For example, the C and N content increased by an approximate factor of 2 at Somersby, and by greater factors for the other elements. BC + BC was also the only treatment to increase other indices of fertility, such as effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and Bray-P, in the surface 15 cm. The treatments did not affect pH in the soil profile (0-50 cm) and increases in EC were ephemeral. The nutrient composition of the 20-30 cm zone was affected at both sites. By the end of the experiment the concentration of C, N, P, Ca, and Bray-P increased and Mg decreased. For C and N between-treatment differences were small, indicating that the observed effects were mostly caused by leaching of the products of mineralisation of soil organic matter. Treatment effects were larger for P, Ca, Mg, and Bray-P, and the final concentrations for the F + BC and BC + BC treatments exceeded those for the IF + IF treatment. At Somersby, both BC treatments increased ECEC, consistent with the importance of leaching as a process of nutrient loss at this site. Consequently, intensive vegetable cropping may pose serious environmental risks particularly on sandy sites.
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Notiyal, Subodh, and Victoria Seesaha. "Creating a 3D image from 2D data using structurally conformable interpolation: a case study from the Beagle Sub-basin, NSW, Australia." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
2D seismic data still provides key information for companies evaluating new permits on offer or entering new basins. However, working on multi-vintage 2D data can be time-consuming for several reasons, including getting correct navigation, variability of physical parameters like amplitude, time and phase between different vintages, and then interpreting the 2D data itself, which often results in gridding artefacts. In a step change to the use of traditional 2D data, TGS has developed a methodology called ‘structurally conformable interpolation’ – also known as 2Dcubed. It is created using input data from available 2D migrated stacks and velocities from available vintages. The workflow includes survey matching of different vintages, data-driven geological model building to interpolate large distances between existing data, and a 3D post-stack migration to minimise the 2D migration artefacts. The merging of these datasets successfully creates a 3D migrated image from legacy 2D data, offering better structure and continuity while increasing confidence in its interpretation. Interpretation of a 3D volume is much more efficient than when using 2D data and is free from 2D artefacts. With this methodology TGS has completed a project covering a 40000km2 area in the Beagle Sub-basin, north-west Western Australia, using existing 2D data from over 42 different vintages. The resulting output ‘Beagle Cube’ interpolated 3D volume has been interpreted for major regional trends and structures. The results are very consistent with the original 2D data, but with better definition of major structures. Another study comparing the interpretation between the interpolated 3D volume and the real open-file 3D shows excellent preservation of the structural picture within the interpolated 3D volume, not at the same level as real 3D, but it gives greater confidence in the regional interpretation conducted within areas that do not have 3D coverage. This paper will address how the interpolation methodology works stage by stage, the results of the final product and how it assists in performing regional interpretation in a quick timeframe.
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Scott, B. J., I. G. Fenton, A. G. Fanning, W. G. Schumann, and L. J. C. Castleman. "Surface soil acidity and fertility in the eastern Riverina and Western Slopes of southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 8 (2007): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05155x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study, in southern New South Wales (NSW), examined the chemical properties of ~4700 surface soils in agricultural paddocks and recorded lime and gypsum inputs. The area was bounded approximately by Cootamundra in the north, the NSW/Victorian border in the south, extending to Tumbarumba in the east and to near Berrigan in the west. The long-term average annual rainfall ranged from ~420 mm in the west to a maximum of 1175 mm in the east. The data, collected between 1997 and 2003, were for the surface 20 cm of soil, in two 10-cm layers. The data were generated from a soil testing program conducted with farmers in the region. We grouped the soils into three zones based on a GPS location taken at the time of sampling. These zones were 1 (lower rainfall mixed farming), 2 (higher rainfall mixed farming) and 3 (long-term pasture). Acidic soils occurred across all three zones; however, the soils in zone 1 appeared to be less acidic than soils in the other two zones. We found that surface soils (0–10 cm) with soil pH in 1 : 5 soil : 0.01 mol/L calcium chloride (pHCa) ≤4.5 represented 27%, 57% and 54% for zones 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, zone 1 had 74% of surface soils with a pHCa ≤ 5.0, and this was more acidic than previously reported. However, the surface soils in zone 1 had relatively low exchangeable aluminium (Alex) and had less acidic subsurface soils (10–20 cm), so that responses to lime application by pastures and crops may be less frequent or smaller than the surface soil pHCa alone may indicate. There was a higher frequency of acidic soils (pHCa ≤ 4.5) in the subsurface soils than in the surface soils in zones 2 (62 cf. 57%) and 3 (64 cf. 54%), suggesting that the acidity problem at this depth was a major problem. Low pHCa in the subsurface soil is known to be a constraint on crop yield. We found no evidence of the amendment of this soil depth when lime was applied and incorporated into the 0–10 cm depth, and economic amendment of acidity in the 10–20 cm depth remains unresolved. Increased adoption of liming occurred in the late 1990s, and by 1997 the percentage of paddocks limed was 14.3%, 21.3% and 13.6% in zones 1 to 3, respectively. Soil pH buffering and long-term pHCa decline after liming were similar to rates reported in field experiments. The total quantities of lime applied were insufficient for soil amendment and maintenance of soil pHCa, particularly in the long-term pasture areas. The rate of soil acidification in the 0–20 cm depth in the average annual rainfall range of 525–625 mm was estimated to be 1.52 kmol H+/ha.year. This would require 76 kg lime/ha.year to neutralise. Sodic and saline soils occurred mainly in the lower rainfall cropping areas, and were more frequent in an area around the township of Lockhart. Half the gypsum applications were at low rates (≤0.5 t/ha), and were probably for sulfur application to canola. Some of the sodic soils were acidic (34% ≤ pHCa 4.5) so that the application of lime/gypsum mixes could be appropriate in the amendment of these soils. Soils in the pasture system had mean organic carbon content (OC%) of 2.42, compared to the cropping zones at 1.65 and 1.75%. OC% was related to annual average rainfall; the increase in OC% was 0.19% and 0.08% for each 100 mm of average annual rainfall for the surface and subsurface soil, respectively. A group of soils in the cropping areas had surface OC% ≤ 1.25% OC (zone 1, 12%; zone 2, 20%) and this could be the result of intensive cropping. Most soils (55–63%) were of moderate P status (P(Colwell), 21–60 µg/g). However, there was still a substantial group of soils (31–43%) of low P status (P ≤ 20 µg/g). Most surface soils in all zones (72–80%) were low to marginal in sulfur status (KCl 40, ≤10 mg S/kg). Sulfur deficiency has been identified in canola, and current practice in the cropping areas is for inputs of gypsum at low rates.
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Davis-Rice, Peter. "North western." Nursing Standard 3, no. 40 (July 1989): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.3.40.42.s43.
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Orchard, A. E. "A revision of Cassinia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in Australia. 6. Section Cassinia." Australian Systematic Botany 22, no. 5 (2009): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb09018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present paper completes a taxonomic revision of Cassinia subg. Cassinia, a group of 35 species separated from subg. Achromolaena by the structure of its inflorescence (capitula arrangement approximately dichasial, giving rise to flat- or round-topped compound inflorescences, as opposed to the irregular or alternate arrangement of capitula in subg. Achromolaena, where the overall shape of the inflorescence is conical or elongate). The seven species of Cassinia sect. Cassinia (C. aculeata, C. thinicola, C. wilsoniae, C. longifolia, C. aureonitens, C. trinerva and C. cinerea) are keyed, described and illustrated, with discussion of ecology, distribution and variation. Cassinia aculeata subsp. nova-anglica Orchard, C. thinicola Orchard, C. wilsoniae Orchard and C. cinerea Orchard are described as new. Cassinia aculeata is a variable and widespread species. Four morphological variants are described and discussed, although not formally named. Previously suggested hybridisation between C. aculeata and Ozothamnus obcordatus is discussed, and dismissed. A new subspecies, narrowly endemic to the New England region of New South Wales (NSW), and separated by 350 km from subsp. aculeata, is described. Cassinia longifolia is similarly widespread and variable, particularly in indumentum and leaf shape. Again, four more or less distinct local morphological variants are described, but they are not formally named because of problems with satisfactory circumscription. Cassinia thinicola is newly segregated from C. aculeata. It is a strikingly distinct species, confined to coastal habitats north and south of Newcastle, distinguished by its (usually) lack of hairs on the upper leaf surface, ochre-coloured inflorescences and compact habit. Cassinia wilsoniae, confined to Wyperfeld National Park in western Victoria, has hitherto been largely overlooked, with specimens assigned to a broadly circumscribed ‘C. uncata’, or C. aculeata or C. longifolia. It is geographically widely separated from all of these taxa. It is unusual in the genus, in being confined largely to the summits of consolidated sand dunes. It has rather small inflorescences with few capitula, and these are ochre-coloured. The leaf margins are strongly revolute, almost completely covering the midrib below, unlike related taxa where the midrib remains uncovered. Cassinia cinerea is a rare species confined to south-eastern Queensland, and hitherto confused with C. laevis and C. collina, both in subg. Achromolaena (and thus with conical inflorescences). It also differs from both in a range of indumentum and leaf characters. The remaining, previously recognised, species are redescribed in detail, and their nomenclature, variation, ecology and distribution are discussed as required.
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Hogg, Russell. "Policing the Rural Crisis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 38, no. 3 (December 2005): 340–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.38.3.340.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on empirical research in a number of rural communities in north-western NSW, this article explores the dynamics of rural crisis as it is manifested in and through popular attitudes and campaigns around law and order. There is no denying that crime rates in many rural communities are high, often very high by national standards, or that local crime disproportionately involves Indigenous offenders (and Indigenous victims). However, the views expressed in interviews with established White residents, in local media and in organised campaigns around law and order are suggestive of a much deeper sense of threat and crisis. This, it is argued, can be explained in relation not simply to crime rates but the way in which crime is experienced at the local level and the manner in which it is connected to other unwanted change that is seen to threaten the integrity of these communities. In order to understand these anxieties it is necessary to explore historical patterns of settlement, the economic structure and the culture of rural communities. Indigenous Australians have, at best, occupied an ambiguous and fragile position in relation to membership of these communities, a form of ‘passive’ belonging, ‘conditional’ on deference to dominant White norms governing civic and domestic life. Local Indigenous crime can be a source of deep anxiety not only because it causes harm to person and property but because it is interpreted by many Whites as a repudiation of the local social order, a signifier of larger threats to the community and on occasions as a harbinger of social breakdown. The article explores some of the key themes emerging from interview material that characterise this sense of crisis and relates them to the larger pattern of change affecting many communities: economic decline, changing government policies and priorities, the growing relative economic and political power of Indigenous people, debates about native title and so on.
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Rossel, R. A. Viscarra, Y. S. Jeon, I. O. A. Odeh, and A. B. McBratney. "Using a legacy soil sample to develop a mid-IR spectral library." Soil Research 46, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes the development of a diffuse reflectance spectral library from a legacy soil sample. When developing a soil spectral library, it is important to consider the number of samples that are needed to adequately describe the soil variability in the region in which the library is to be used; the manner in which the soil is sampled, handled, prepared, stored, and scanned; and the reference analytical procedures used. As with any type of modelling, the dictum is ‘garbage in = garbage out’ and hopefully the converse ‘quality in = quality out’. The aims of this paper are to: (i) develop a soil mid infrared (mid-IR) diffuse reflectance spectral library for cotton-growing regions of eastern Australia from a legacy soil sample, (ii) derive soil spectral calibrations for the prediction of soil properties with uncertainty, and (iii) assess the accuracy of the predictions and populate the legacy soil database with good quality information. A scheme for the construction and use of this spectral library is presented. A total of 1878 soil samples from different layers were scanned. They originated from the Upper Namoi, Namoi, and Gwydir Valley catchments of north-western New South Wales (NSW) and the McIntyre region of southern Queensland (Qld). A conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) scheme was used to sample the spectral data space and select 213 representative samples for laboratory soil analyses. Using these data, partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was used to construct the calibration models, which were validated internally using cross validation and externally using an independent test dataset. Models for organic C (OC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay content, exchangeable Ca, total N (TN), total C (TC), gravimetric moisture content θg, total sand and exchangeable Mg were robust and produced accurate results (R2adj. > 0.75 for both cross and test set validations). The root mean squared error (RMSE) of mid-IR-PLSR predictions was compared to those from (blind) duplicate laboratory measurements. Mid-IR-PLSR produced lower RMSE values for soil OC, clay content, and θg. Finally, bootstrap aggregation-PLSR (bagging-PLSR) was used to predict soil properties with uncertainty for the entire library, thus repopulating the legacy soil database with good quality soil information.
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Kenyon, Kern E. "Western Tropical North Pacific: A Climatology." Natural Science 08, no. 08 (2016): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2016.88039.
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Genkal, S. I., and M. I. Yarushina. "A new species of the genus Sellaphora (Bacillariophyta) from waterbodies in the Far North of Western Siberia, Russia." Nova Hedwigia, Beihefte 147 (October 4, 2018): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2018/007.
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Dhungel, Dwarika, Jagat Bhusal, and Narendra Khanal. "North-Western Boundary of Nepal." Journal of International Affairs 3, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following the publication of new political maps by India on 2nd and 8th November 2019, the issues related to the source of Mahakali River and Indian occupation of the Nepali territory east of the river, have, once again, come to the surface. And, the Nepali civil society has come out strongly against the newly published political maps of India, prepared a new map of Nepal, showing the whole of the territory east of Mahakali River (about 400 sq. km) as Nepalese land on the basis of Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816 by East India Company of Great Britain and Raja of Nepal. An analysis of the maps, so far available, shows that changes have been made in the names of the river and places, and there is cartographic aggression and manipulation by India in relation to Mahakali River and its boundary with Nepal’s northwest. It has also been found that Nepal has published a map in the past showing its international boundary without any basis of the treaties and other historical documents. Analysis clearly shows that the river originating from Limpiyadhura is the Mahakali (called Kalee/Kali River) as per Article 5 of the Sugauli treaty and it forms the international boundary between the two countries.
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López-González, Pablo J., and Marina R. Cunha. "Two new species of Dendrobrachia Brook, 1889 (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Dendrobrachiidae) from the north-eastern Atlantic and western Mediterranean." Scientia Marina 74, no. 3 (May 20, 2010): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3423.
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Lima, Silvio Felipe Barbosa, José Carlos Nascimento Barros, and Jonata de A. Francisco. "A new deep-sea species of Mitromorpha (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Conidae) off Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 3 (August 3, 2009): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409990762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new species of Conidae is described from Brazilian waters. Mitromorpha santosi sp. nov. from the Continental Slope off the state of Rio Grande do Norte (north-east Brazil: 04°50′60″–04°51′40″s, 35°06′01″–35°06′46″W) is compared with M. biplicata (western Atlantic), M. usta (eastern Atlantic), M. dalli (north-eastern Atlantic), M. popeae (West Indies), M. undulate (West Indies) and two unnamed Brazilian species being diagnosed as possessing strong axial ribs, second spiral cord on the body whorl more pronounced and yellowish-brown spiral bands. In addition, a lectotype for Mitromorpha undulata, is designated herein.
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Young, Rick, Neil Huth, Steven Harden, and Ross McLeod. "Impact of rain-fed cropping on the hydrology and fertility of alluvial clays in the more arid areas of the upper Darling Basin, eastern Australia." Soil Research 52, no. 4 (2014): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The impact of cropping on the hydrology and fertility of Vertosols in the northern Darling Basin (average annual rainfall >550 mm) has received much attention, together with the constraints placed on crop growth by naturally occurring subsoil salt stocks. These factors have not been quantified in the drier (450–550 mm), marginal cropping areas to the west. With widespread adoption of zero tillage technology and the potential for large increases in the capture and storage of rainfall in good seasons, mobilisation of salt could be exacerbated should crop water use be constrained by salt toxicity and/or nutrient deficiency. We investigated the size of salt stocks, historic deep drainage, and nutrient depletion under continuous cropping in the Grey and Brown Vertosols of the Walgett and Coonamble districts of north-western NSW. Soils collected from seven paired sites (cropped v. control native vegetation) showed chloride concentrations >500 mg/kg within 0–1.2 m, high exchangeable sodium percentage (~30%) at depth and deficiency in phosphorus, manganese and zinc. Soil total nitrogen decreased from an average stock of 4.9 t/ha at a rate of 0.008 t/ha.year under cropping within 0–0.1 m and soil carbon stocks decreased from 39 t/ha by 0.20 t/ha.year within 0–0.5 m.. Despite low rainfall, high evaporation and the large water-holding capacity of the cracking clays, there were significant downward shifts in chloride concentrations under cropping. Estimates of deep drainage under continuous cropping using chloride mass balance, chloride-front displacement and crop water-balance modelling with the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) generally agreed (range 0.1–2% of average annual rainfall). Simulations suggested that deep drainage may be increased 5–10-fold under zero-tillage winter cropping due to enhanced capture of rainfall by zero tillage compared with traditional practices. The associated flushing of salt from the root-zone together with correction of nutrient deficiency would enhance crop water use and productivity. Current methods indicate little storage in the subsoil for future deep drainage and that hydraulic conductivity is very low. Hence, the long-term effects of any increase in drainage rates, due to changes in cropping practices and/or climate, on the potential for salinisation of groundwater or transient water logging of the surface, are equivocal.
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Frank, J. L., N. Siegel, C. F. Schwarz, B. Araki, and E. C. Vellinga. "Xerocomellus (Boletaceae) in western North America." Fungal Systematics and Evolution 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2020.06.13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understanding diversity in the genus Xerocomellus in western North America has been obscured by morphological variability, widespread use of species epithets typified by specimens from Europe and eastern North America, misunderstood phylogenetic relationships, and species complexes. We collected extensively and used genetic and morphological data to establish the occurrence of ten Xerocomellus species in western North America. We generated ITS sequences from five type collections and from vouchered representative collections to clarify our understanding of existing species concepts. We describe three new species (Xerocomellus atropurpureus, X. diffractus, and X. salicicola) and propose two new combinations (X. amylosporus and X. mendocinensis), transfer Boletus coccyginus to Hortiboletus, and provide a dichotomous key to species of Xerocomellus in western North America.
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Kenyon, Kern E. "Non-Seasonal SSTs of the Western Tropical North Pacific." Natural Science 07, no. 13 (2015): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.713060.
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BEHAN-PELLETIER, VALERIE M., and DAVID E. WALTER. "Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) of western North America." Zootaxa 3432, no. 1 (August 21, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3432.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The oribatid mite genus Oribatella (Oribatellidae) includes 18 species known previously from North America. Herein, wedescribe 11 new Oribatella species from montane, subarctic, forest and prairie habitats in western North America: O. abmisp. nov., O. banksi sp. nov., O. ewingi sp. nov., O. heatherae sp. nov., O. manningensis sp. nov., O. maryae sp. nov., O.oregonensis sp. nov., O. parallelus sp. nov., O. pawnee sp. nov., O. sintranslamella and O. yukonensis sp. nov.Descriptions of two species (O. heatherae and O. pawnee) include some developmental instars. That of O. yukonensisincludes all instars; nymphs retain dorsocentral setae dm and dp, but the setal morphology changes between larva andnymphs. These immatures bear sclerotized areas on the hysterosoma. Adults of Oribatella oregonensis show distinctsexual dimorphism, with three notogastral setae arising from fused porose areas in the male. We provide new distributionrecords for Oribatella species previously known from North America, including O. arctica Thor, 1930, O. canadensisBehan-Pelletier and Eamer, 2010, O. jacoti Behan-Pelletier, 2011 and O. reticulatoides Hammer, 1955, and remark on O.anomola Grabowski, 1970. We clarify description of the octotaxic system and the interlamellar region in species ofOribatella and discuss variability in hysterosomal sclerotization and setation in immatures. Finally, we give a key to adults of the 29 species of Oribatella now known from North America.
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Keil, David. "Two New Combinations in Western North American Asteraceae." Aliso 28, no. 1 (2010): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20102801.04.
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Hawksworth, Frank G., Delbert Wiens, and Daniel L. Nickrent. "New Western North American Taxa of Arceuthobium (Viscaceae)." Novon 2, no. 3 (1992): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3391549.
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Weber, Nancy S. "Western American Pezizales.Selenaspora guernisacii, new to North America." Mycologia 87, no. 1 (January 1995): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1995.12026508.
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Oliva, Frank, Andre E. Viau, Matthew C. Peros, and Marc Bouchard. "Paleotempestology database for the western North Atlantic basin." Holocene 28, no. 10 (June 22, 2018): 1664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618782598.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Paleotempestology, the study of past tropical cyclone activity, has grown considerably over the past two decades, and there is now a relatively dense network of sites across the Western North Atlantic Basin providing records of past tropical cyclone variability. This paper presents a new database of paleotempestological records generated from 61 studies published between 1993 and 2018 for this region. A total of 266 data entries, consisting of the calibrated ages of individual tropical cyclone events and the boundaries of ‘active’ tropical cyclone periods from the present to 8000 cal. yr BP, along with the site names, geographic coordinates, proxy indicator(s) used, materials upon which dating was undertaken, and information about the depositional basin type (e.g. lagoon, mangrove), are included in the database for each site. The database is housed at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) ( https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21391 ) and is available for free download. This publicly available database will permit a greater number of researchers to work on questions related to past tropical cyclone dynamics and more easily allow studies of long-term spatial-temporal tropical cyclone relationships to be undertaken.
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Behan-Pelletier, Valerie M. "CERATOZETIDAE OF THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 11 (November 1985): 1287–366. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1171287-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe Ceratozetidae of arctic western North America, represented by 12 species in 9 genera, are discussed. A new genus, Cyrtozetes, and species, Cyrtozetes denaliensis, are proposed, and Trichoribates copperminensis Hammer, T. polaris Hammer, Svalbardia paludicola Thor, Iugoribates gracilis Sellnick, Diapterobates notatus (Thorell) both adults and immatures, D. variabilis Hammer, Sphaerozetes arcticus Hammer, Fuscozetes sellnicki Hammer, Melanozetes longisetosus Hammer, and Ceratozetes spitsbergensis Thor and C. parvulus Sellnick are redescribed. Immatures of T. polaris, S. paludicola, F. sellnicki, and M. longisetosus are described. Distribution records of Ceratozetes gracilis (Michael) in the western North American arctic are listed. The new combination, Cyrtozetes shiranensis (Aoki and Fujikawa), is proposed.
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Beattie, Jodi C., and Russell L. Elsberry. "Western North Pacific Monsoon Depression Formation." Weather and Forecasting 27, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 1413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00094.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Relatively few studies have been carried out as to the conditions leading to the formation of monsoon depressions in the western North Pacific. Two monsoon depression formations during July 2007 were analyzed using ECMWF analyses and satellite observations. Wave-activity flux calculations indicated that cross-equatorial flow from the Southern Hemisphere played an important role in the formation of these monsoon depressions. A new conceptual model of monsoon depression formation in the western North Pacific is proposed that includes three southerly airstreams in the Southern Hemisphere that lead to cross-equatorial flows into the Northern Hemisphere. Examination of 44 monsoon depressions from April to December 2009 confirms the critical role of these cross-equatorial flows in monsoon depression formation. All of the monsoon depressions in the 2009 sample for which formation conditions could be established had at least one of three possible airstreams that interacted with a confluent region and, thus, may be a necessary condition for monsoon depression formation. This conceptual model of monsoon depression formation was further confirmed by means of wave-activity flux calculations and backward trajectory ensembles for the 2009 cases.
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KERR, PETER H. "New Azana species from Western North America (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)." Zootaxa 2397, no. 1 (March 12, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2397.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two new species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), Azana malinamoena and Azana frizzelli, spp. nov., are described and figured from California. These species represent the first records of Azana for western North America. A diagnosis of the genus Azana Walker is presented and a provisional key for the New World species of the genus is given. The discovery of A. malinamoena and A. frizzelli in California and their apparently close relationship to A. nigricoxa Strobl from south-western Europe (rather than to the only other Azana species known from North America, A. sinusa Coher) implies a more complicated biogeographic history of this genus in North America, one that probably includes multiple, independent dispersal events.
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Dubey, Rashmi. "Diversity of Microfungi of North Western Ghats, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 39, no. 2 (January 6, 2016): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-q1ek6a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Western Ghats of India represents some of the best non-equatorial, tropical evergreen forests in the world. It is a UNESCO world Heritage site and is one of the eight hottest hotspots biodiversity in the world. Survey conducted in different regions of North Western Ghats regions revealed various fascinating fungi on important plants and it yielded many new species and new records. Therefore the objective of this paper is to highlight the diversity of microfungi along with some new records bestowed in North Western Ghats of India.
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van den BOOM, Pieter P. G., and A. Maarten BRAND. "Lecania fructigena Zahlbr., a coastal saxicolous lichen, new for Europe, with notes on related species." Lichenologist 37, no. 4 (July 2005): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282905014842.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lecania fructigena has been found in western Europe. This species, previously known only from western North America and north-western Mexico, is described and compared with related species. It is easily overlooked for L. aipospila. Lecania sampaiana is a synonym of L. aipospila.
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Golubkov, Vladimir, and Anna Matwiejuk. "Some new records of Rhizocarpon from North-Eastern Poland and North-Western Belarus." Acta Mycologica 44, no. 2 (December 23, 2013): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2009.018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New localities of <em>Rhizocarpon distinctum, R. geographicum</em> and <em>R. reductum</em> are reported from NE Poland. <em>Rhizocarpon distinctum, R. grande, R. hochstetteri, R. lavatum, R. petraeum, R. polycarpum</em> and R. reductum</em> are reported from NW Belarus for the first time. <em>Rhizocarpon hochstetteri, R. lavatum</em> and <em>R. polycarpum</em> are new to Belarus. A key to species occurring in the area is given.