Статті в журналах: "North Island brown kiwi"

1

CORFIELD, JEREMY, LEN GILLMAN, and STUART PARSONS. "VOCALIZATIONS OF THE NORTH ISLAND BROWN KIWI (APTERYX MANTELLI)." Auk 125, no. 2 (April 2008): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/auk.2008.06234.

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2

Wisker, Joannah. "Egg yolk coelomitis in a North Island brown kiwi." Veterinary Nurse 1, no. 2 (November 2010): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2010.1.2.101.

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3

Shaw, Stephanie D., and Tony Billing. "Karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus) Toxicosis in North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 9, no. 3 (September 2006): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2006.05.014.

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4

Liu, Jia, Qing-xia Ding, and Li-zhi Gao. "The complete mitochondrial genome of North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2016.1186511.

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5

Prinzinger, Roland, and Volker Dietz. "Pre- and postnatal energetics of the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 131, no. 4 (April 2002): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00010-7.

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6

Palma, Ricardo L. "A new species ofRallicola(Insecta: Phthiraptera : Philopteridae) from the North Island brown kiwi." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 21, no. 4 (December 1991): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.1991.10420829.

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7

Hill, F. I., A. J. Woodgyer, and M. A. Lintott. "Cryptococcosis in a North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx australis mantelli) in New Zealand." Medical Mycology 33, no. 5 (January 1995): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681219580000621.

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8

French, Adrienne F., Fernanda Castillo-Alcala, Kristene R. Gedye, Wendi D. Roe, and Brett D. Gartrell. "Nematode larva migrans caused by Toxocara cati in the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 11 (April 2020): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.02.011.

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9

TABORSKY, BARBARA, and MICHAEL TABORSKY. "Spatial organization of the North Island Brown Kiwi Apteryx australis mantelli: sex, pairing status and territoriality." Ibis 134, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1992.tb07222.x.

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10

Jamieson, Sarah E., Isabel Castro, Thomas Jensen, Kyle W. Morrison, and Barbara Durrant. "Roosting Preferences of North Island Brown Kiwis (Apteryx mantelli)." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 128, no. 4 (December 2016): 857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/15-064.1.

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11

JENSEN, THOMAS, KAREN J. NUTT, BRUCE S. SEAL, LUIZA B. FERNANDES, and BARBARA DURRANT. "PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the North Island brown kiwi, Apteryx mantelli." Molecular Ecology Resources 8, no. 2 (June 28, 2008): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01970.x.

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12

Taborsky, Barbara, and Michael Taborsky. "Social Organization of North Island Brown Kiwi: Long-term Pairs and Three Types of Male Spacing Behaviour." Ethology 89, no. 1 (April 26, 2010): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1991.tb00292.x.

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13

Pierce, R. J., and I. M. Westbrooke. "Call count responses of North Island brown kiwi to different levels of predator control in Northland, New Zealand." Biological Conservation 109, no. 2 (February 2003): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00134-9.

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14

Potter, Murray A., Wouter H. Hendriks, Roger G. Lentle, Donald V. Thomas, Charlotte J. Minson, and Nicola B. Pindur. "An exploratory analysis of the suitability of diets fed to a flightless insectivore, the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), in New Zealand." Zoo Biology 29, no. 5 (October 8, 2009): 537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20283.

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15

Potter, M. A., and J. F. Cockrem. "Plasma levels of sex steroids in the North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx australis mantelli) in relation to time of year and stages of breeding." General and Comparative Endocrinology 87, no. 3 (September 1992): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(92)90049-p.

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16

Cunningham, Susan J., Isabel Castro, and Murray A. Potter. "The relative importance of olfaction and remote touch in prey detection by North Island brown kiwis." Animal Behaviour 78, no. 4 (October 2009): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.07.015.

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17

Buddle, B. M., G. W. de Lisle, K. McColl, B. J. Collins, C. Morrissy, and H. A. Westbury. "Response of the North Island brown kiwi,Apteryx australis mantelliand the lesser short-tailed bat,Mystacina tuberculata to a measured dose of rabbit haemorrhagic disease viru." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 45, no. 3 (January 6, 1997): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1997.36004.

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18

Cockrem, JF. "Timing of seasonal breeding in birds, with particular reference to New Zealand birds." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 1 (1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9950001.

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A model to explain the timing of seasonal breeding in birds is presented. It is assumed that, despite the wide range in egg-laying seasons, there are common physiological mechanisms which underlie seasonality in birds and that most, if not all, birds are photoperiodic. Birds are considered to possess an internal rhythm of reproduction which is synchronized with seasonal changes in the environment by external factors, particularly the annual cycle of daylength. The rhythm consists, at least in part, of regular changes in the photoperiodic response between states of photosensitivity and photorefractoriness. Avian breeding seasons effectively start in autumn when birds become photosensitive, regardless of when egg-laying occurs. The timing of breeding is then influenced by the rate of increase of hypothalamic 'drive' and by the sensitivity of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to inhibitory feedback from gonadal steroids. If sensitivity is high, gonadal growth will not occur until the threshold daylength for photostimulation is exceeded after the winter solstice. Egg-laying then starts in late winter, spring or summer. Alternatively, steroid feedback may be relatively low and gonadal growth may be sufficiently rapid once the birds become photosensitive that breeding occurs in late autumn or winter. The time of egg-laying in birds may also be strongly influenced by supplementary information, such as social cues, food availability, temperature and rainfall and, in some species, this information is more important than daylength in determining the timing of breeding. The review also includes the first summary of the breeding seasons of New Zealand birds. The pattern of egg-laying is exactly the same in native birds, in birds introduced to New Zealand and in other Southern hemisphere birds from similar latitudes, with a broad peak of egg-laying occurring from September to December. In addition, annual cycles of steroid hormone concentrations in the North Island brown kiwi, the yellow-eyed penguin and the kakapo are consistent with results from many studies on Northern hemisphere birds. This model for the timing of breeding in birds can be applied to New Zealand birds and it is concluded that the physiological control mechanisms for the timing of seasonal breeding in New Zealand birds are similar to those of other birds.

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19

ROBERTSON, HUGH A., and JAMES R. FRASER. "Use of trained dogs to determine the age structure and conservation status of kiwi Apteryx spp. populations." Bird Conservation International 19, no. 2 (June 2009): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270908007673.

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SummarySpecially trained dogs are used to locate many threatened bird species in New Zealand during conservation management and research projects. Systematic searches were made in four forest patches in Northland where many Brown Kiwi Apteryx mantelli had been fitted with bands, wing tags, transponders or radio-transmitters over a 12-year period of experimental management. The percentage of subadult birds found by dogs increased in line with predictions from population models of the changing age structure of the population. The dogs independently found radio-tagged adults and subadults in close proportion to their known abundance. Dogs proved to be an excellent tool to determine the age structure of a kiwi population. With knowledge of the life history of the species involved, this information was used to make an accurate assessment of the conservation status of the study population of Brown Kiwi in Northland. Our results also support the recent downgrading of Little Spotted Kiwi Apteryx owenii from ‘Vulnerable’ to ‘Near Threatened’, which was based partly on healthy age ratios found during dog searches on Kapiti Island, rather than on results from a study of their breeding biology on the island which showed unsustainably low chick recruitment.

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20

Murgatroyd, Peter. "Digital adventures in a Pacific Island Paradise." Legal Information Management 4, no. 1 (March 2004): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669603001002.

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In a previous life I was a yuppie. Double breasted suit, briefcase and a state-of-the-art-library with views across the harbour from the top floor of a glass tower in downtown Auckland. I worked hard and played even harder. My time was charged in ten minute units and I can still remember the middle initial of every partner in the firm. So how on earth did I end up trading my well polished lace-ups for flip flops and the beloved kiwi Sauvignon Blanc for a dirty brown liquid called kava?

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21

Scofield, R. P., J. R. Wood, L. de Nascimento, H. A. Robertson, R. M. Colbourne, V. L. De Pietri, J. Innes, and J. T. Weir. "Identification of the type locality of the South Island Brown Kiwi Apteryx australis." Conservation Genetics 22, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-021-01349-y.

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22

Wikanta, Tharnrin, D. S. Rejeki, and L. Rahayu. "THE CONTENT AND THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALGINATB EXTRACTED FROM THREE SPECIES OF BROWN ALGAE (S. cinereum; H. triquetra; and T. conoides)." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 4, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.4.1.1998.46-50.

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Three species of brown algae (Sargassum cineruem, Hormophysa triquetra, and, Turbinaria conoides) harvested from Pari Island of the Seribu Islands, North Jakarta, in November 1992 were used for this study.

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23

Boast, Alexander, Brendan Chapman, Michael Herrera, Trevor Worthy, R. Scofield, Alan Tennyson, Peter Houde, Michael Bunce, Alan Cooper, and Kieren Mitchell. "Mitochondrial Genomes from New Zealand’s Extinct Adzebills (Aves: Aptornithidae: Aptornis) Support a Sister-Taxon Relationship with the Afro-Madagascan Sarothruridae." Diversity 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11020024.

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The recently extinct New Zealand adzebills (Aptornithidae, Aptornis spp.) were an enigmatic group of large flightless birds that have long eluded precise taxonomic assignment as they do not closely resemble any extant birds. Adzebills were nearly wingless, weighed approximately 16–19 kg, and possessed massive adze-like reinforced bills whose function remains unknown. Using hybridisation enrichment and high-throughput sequencing of DNA extracted from subfossil bone and eggshell, near-complete mitochondrial genomes were successfully assembled from the two Quaternary adzebill species: the North Island Adzebill (Aptornis otidiformis) and South Island Adzebill (A. defossor). Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm that adzebills are members of the Ralloidea (rails and allies) and are sister-taxon to the Sarothruridae, which our results suggest comprises the Madagascan wood rails (Mentocrex, two likely sp.) in addition to the tiny (<50 gram) rail-like Afro-Madagascan flufftails (Sarothrura, 9 spp.). Node age estimates indicate that the split between adzebills and Sarothruridae occurred ~39.6 Ma, suggesting that the ancestors of the adzebills arrived in New Zealand by long-distance dispersal rather than continental vicariance. This newly identified biogeographic link between physically distant New Zealand and Afro-Madagascar, echoed by the relationship between the New Zealand kiwi (Apterygiformes) and Madagascan elephant-birds (Aepyornithiformes), suggests that the adzebill’s near relatives were formerly more widespread. In addition, our estimate for the divergence time between the two Quaternary adzebill species (0.2–2.3 Ma) coincides with the emergence of a land-bridge between the North and South islands of New Zealand (ca. 1.5–2 Ma). This relatively recent divergence suggests that North Island adzebills are the result of a relatively recent dispersal from the South Island, from which the earliest (Miocene) adzebill fossil has been described.

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24

Krebs, Charles J., Donald Reid, Alice J. Kenney, and Scott Gilbert. "Fluctuations in lemming populations in north Yukon, Canada, 2007–2010." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 4 (April 2011): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-004.

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We estimated population density of brown lemmings ( Lemmus sibiricus (Kerr, 1792)), Greenland collared lemmings ( Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Traill, 1823)), and tundra voles ( Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776)) on Herschel Island from 2007 to 2010 by mark–recapture on three live-trapping areas. Limited data were also available from Komakuk Beach on the north Yukon coast. In contrast to most previous studies, brown and collared lemmings were partly out of phase. Brown lemmings on Herschel reached peak density in 2007–2008 and were low in 2009–2010, while collared lemmings were at peak density in 2007–2008 and again in 2010. Large adult male body size was characteristic of peak populations. Brown lemmings increased dramatically in the peak summer of 2008 and collared lemmings increased rapidly when winter breeding under the snow was successful in 2009–2010. By contrast, at Komakuk Beach, we could see no clear signs of fluctuations in these three species. Winter snow conditions may be too severe for population persistence on the coastal plain along the north coast of the Yukon. Further work is needed to unravel why peak lemming densities are so variable among sites and why lemming fluctuations are so pronounced on the arctic coastal plain of Alaska and virtually absent on the coastal plain of the north Yukon.

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25

Cronin, M. A., M. M. McDonough, H. M. Huynh, and R. J. Baker. "Genetic relationships of North American bears (Ursus) inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA sequences." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 9 (September 2013): 626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0078.

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The three species of bears in North America, polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774), brown bears (Ursus arctos L., 1758), and black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780), have differentiated morphologies and nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. An exception is a paraphyletic mitochondrial DNA relationship and some nuclear gene lineages common to polar bears and a population of brown bears from islands in southeast Alaska. In this study, we quantified the genetic relationships of extant brown bears and black bears from Alaska and Montana, and polar bears from Alaska, with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and mtDNA cytochrome-b sequences. Bayesian cluster analyses of the AFLP data show each species is distinct. All brown bears, including those from the islands in southeast Alaska, cluster separately from polar bears, and black bears cluster separately from brown bears and polar bears. The mtDNA of polar bears and southeast Alaska island brown bears is paraphyletic as reported previously, but the species have different haplotypes. These data indicate that extant populations of brown bears and polar bears have separate nuclear and mitochondrial gene pools and are supported as species under the genetic species concept.

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26

Mew, G., and R. Lee. "Argillite soil characteristics influencing sustained pastoral production, east coast, North Island, New Zealand." Soil Research 31, no. 2 (1993): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930165.

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Shoulder, mid-, and foot-slope profiles from two representative soil toposequences developed on siliceous mudstone, on steep land under cut-over forest and scrub, were described morphologically and analysed for selected chemical, physical and mineralogical properties, principally to determine the constraints to long-term sustainable pastoral production. The soils are low in both available phosphorus and sulfur, but the chief constraint appears to be high subsoil acidity giving rise to toxic levels of exchangeable Al. This is presumed to restrict root growth and N-fixing ability of the mixed grass/clover pastures, thereby severely limiting production through frequent and prolonged summer droughts. According to the revised N.Z. Soil Classification System, five of the six profiles are Brown Soils, and one shoulder profile is a Recent Soil. Close associations with Pallic Soils were noted in down-profile changes in Ca/Mg ratios and relatively high exchangeable Na levels. Following Soil Taxonomy, five of the profiles were classified as Dystrochrepts and one as a Fragiochrept. These classifications indicate site stability for soil formation under the indigenous vegetation cover. Adjoining steep sites under pasture are prone to erosion, however. Soil analytical results indicate that extensive erosion is not necessarily a prerequisite for problems with pastoral production in the region.

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27

Watung, Preisy Meicy Meriam, Rene Charles Kepel, and Lawrence J. L. Lumingas. "The inventory of macroalgae in the Mantehage Island waters, Wori sub-district, North Minahasa district in North Sulawesi Province." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 4, no. 2 (November 2, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.4.2.2016.14077.

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This study was carried out in Mantehage Island waters, covering Bango, Tinongko, Buhias, and Tangkasi, with an objective of knowing the taxa composition of macroalgae through morphological studies. Data collection used Line Transect method with quadrat. Three 100 m-transect line were placed perpendicular to the coastline. Distance between transects was 50 m, and the quadrat used was 1 x 1 m². Results found 44 species of microalgae, consisting of 3 divisions, 3 classes, 10 orders, 18 families, and 26 genera. Green algae comprised 3 orders, 6 families, 11 genera, and 23 species. Brown algae consisted of 3 orders, 3 families, 5 genera, and 5 species. Red algae had 4 orders, 8 families, 10 genera and 16 species. Keyword : Macroalga, species, Mantehage Island. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan di pulau Mantehage, yakni Desa Bango, Tinongko, Buhias, dan Desa Tangkasi, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi taksa makroalga melalui pendekatan morfologi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Line Transect kuadrat. Tiga garis transek sepanjang 100 m diletakkan tegak lurus garis pantai dengan jarak antar transek 50 m dan jarak antar kuadrat 10 m. Ukuran kuadrat yang dipakai adalah 1 x 1 m². Hasil penelitian menemukan 44 spesies, yang terdiri dari 3 divisi, 3 kelas, 10 ordo, 18 famili dan 26 genera. Alga hijau terdiri atas 3 ordo, 6 famili, 11 genera dan 23 spesies. Alga cokelat terdiri atas 3 ordo, 3 famili, 5 genera dan 5 spesies. Adapun alga merah terdiri atas 4 ordo, 8 famili, 10 genera dan 16 spesies. Kata Kunci : makroalga, species, Pulau Mantehage 2Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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28

Ponti, Massimo, Francesca Fratangeli, Nicolò Dondi, Marco Segre Reinach, Clara Serra, and Michael J. Sweet. "Baseline reef health surveys at Bangka Island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) reveal new threats." PeerJ 4 (October 25, 2016): e2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2614.

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Worldwide coral reef decline appears to be accompanied by an increase in the spread of hard coral diseases. However, whether this is the result of increased direct and indirect human disturbances and/or an increase in natural stresses remains poorly understood. The provision of baseline surveys for monitoring coral health status lays the foundations to assess the effects of any such anthropogenic and/or natural effects on reefs. Therefore, the objectives of this present study were to provide a coral health baseline in a poorly studied area, and to investigate possible correlations between coral health and the level of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. During the survey period, we recorded 20 different types of coral diseases and other compromised health statuses. The most abundant were cases of coral bleaching, followed by skeletal deformations caused by pyrgomatid barnacles, damage caused by fish bites, general pigmentation response and galls caused by cryptochirid crabs. Instances of colonies affected by skeletal eroding bands, and sedimentation damage increased in correlation to the level of bio-chemical disturbance and/or proximity to villages. Moreover, galls caused by cryptochirid crabs appeared more abundant at sites affected by blast fishing and close to a newly opened metal mine. Interestingly, in the investigated area the percentage of corals showing signs of ‘common’ diseases such as black band disease, brown band disease, white syndrome and skeletal eroding band disease were relatively low. Nevertheless, the relatively high occurrence of less common signs of compromised coral-related reef health, including the aggressive overgrowth by sponges, deserves further investigation. Although diseases appear relatively low at the current time, this area may be at the tipping point and an increase in activities such as mining may irredeemably compromise reef health.

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29

Luter, Heidi M., Steve Whalan, and Nicole S. Webster. "Prevalence of tissue necrosis and brown spot lesions in a common marine sponge." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 4 (2010): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09200.

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Sponges form a highly diverse and ecologically significant component of benthic communities. Despite their importance, disease dynamics in sponges remain relatively unexplored. There are reports of severe disease epidemics in sponges from the Caribbean and the Mediterranean; however, extensive sponge mortalities have not yet been reported from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and Torres Strait, north-eastern Australia. Marine sponge surveys were conducted in the Palm Islands on the central GBR and Masig Island, Torres Strait, to determine the health of the Demosponge Ianthella basta. Using tissue necrosis and the presence of brown lesions as a proxy of health, sponges were assigned to predetermined disease categories. Sponges with lesions were present at all sites with 43 and 66% of I. basta exhibiting lesions and symptoms of necrosis in the Palm Islands and Torres Strait, respectively. Sponges from the Torres Strait also showed a greater incidence of significant and extensive necrosis in comparison to sponges from Palm Island (11.5 v. 6%). These results indicate the widespread distribution of a disease-like syndrome affecting the health of I. basta, and highlight the critical need for regular monitoring programs and future research to assess patterns in disease dynamics and ascertain the etiological agents of infection.

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30

Toxopeus, M. R. J. "Lime responses in sheep grazing pastures on yellow-brown loams of the northern King Country, North Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 32, no. 1 (January 1989): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1989.10423481.

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31

Widiarti, Riani, Murtiningsih, Suwarti, Ahmad Mutaqin, and Gud Elina Kurnia. "THE POTENTIALLY TOXIC BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATES ON MACROALGAE AT THE REEF FLAT OF SERIBU ISLANDS, NORTH JAKARTA - INDONESIA." Marine Research in Indonesia 33, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v33i1.462.

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The Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) causing microorganisms were observed at the reef flat of Penjaliran Barat Islands and Pramuka Islands District, Seribu Island National Park, North Jakarta, Indonesia. Of the samples collected, four potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates species were found, which are Gambierdiscus toxicus, Prorocentrum concavum, Prorocentrum lima, and Ostreopsis lenticularis. The dinoflagellates were found attached on the brown macroalgae Padina and Sargassum. Most of the benthic dinoflagellates from both locations were found in Pramuka Islands District, the inhabitated islands where human activities which could damage the coral reef areas were relatively high. Beside the macroalgae substrate preference of each dinoflagellate species, several environmental factors were also obtained in this research.

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32

Dedual, M., I. D. Maxwell, J. W. Hayes, and R. R. Strickland. "Distribution and movements of brown (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Lake Otamangakau, central North Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 34, no. 4 (December 2000): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2000.9516962.

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33

Pilgrim, Neil G., Joanna L. Smith, Keith Moore, and Anthony J. Gaston. "Nest site characteristics of cavity-nesting birds on a small island, in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 133, no. 4 (May 8, 2020): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v133i4.2277.

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Many studies of cavity-nesting birds in North America are conducted in large continental forests and much less is known about them in island ecosystems. We describe a 29-year study of tree species, nest site characteristics, and fledge dates of cavity-nesting birds on a small island in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia (BC). Seven cavity-nesting bird species were documented on East Limestone Island and 463 nests were found in 173 different trees. Nest trees were significantly taller and had a greater diameter than a random sample of snags. Tree height did not differ among bird species but diameter at breast height was larger for trees used by Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) than for other species. Cavity-nesters selected tree decay classes 2–7 (all dead/near dead [snags]), with 85% in decay class 4 (35%) or 5 (50%), similar to the random snag sample (class 4, 32%; class 5, 42%). Cavity height ranged from 2.6 to 44.9 m and for all species, except Brown Creeper, the mean nest height was >60% of the mean tree height. Nest heights were generally greater than observed elsewhere in BC. Nest cavity orientation was random except for Red-breasted Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus ruber), for which only 13% of the cavity entrances faced southeast. Median fledging dates ranged from 7 June (Chestnut-backed Chickadee [Poecile rufescens]) to 28 June (Northern Flicker [Colaptes auratus]). Estimated median dates of clutch completion were similar for all species. Our results show that large snags provide habitat for a high diversity of cavity-nesting birds on Haida Gwaii.

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Hearty, Paul J. "Stratigraphy and timing of eolianite deposition on Rottnest Island, Western Australia." Quaternary Research 60, no. 2 (September 2003): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-5894(03)00063-2.

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AbstractOver 100 whole-rock amino acid racemization (AAR) ratios from outcrops around Rottnest Island (32.0° S Latitude near Perth) indicate distinct pulses of eolian deposition during the late Quaternary. Whole-rock d-alloisoleucine/l-isoleucine (A/I) ratios from bioclastic carbonate deposits fall into three distinct modal classes or “aminozones.” The oldest, Aminozone E, averages 0.33 ± 0.04 (n = 21). Red palaeosol and thick calcrete generally cap the Aminozone E deposits. A younger Aminozone C averages 0.22 ± 0.03 (n = 63); comprising two submodes at 0.26 ± 0.01 (n = 14) and 0.21 ± 0.02 (n = 49). Multiple dune sets of this interval are interrupted by relatively weak, brown to tan “protosols.” A dense, dark brown rendzina palaeosol caps the Aminozone C succession. Ratios from Holocene dune and marine deposits (“Aminozone A”) center on 0.11 ± 0.02 (n = 15), comprising submodes of 0.13 ± 0.01 (9) and 0.09 ± 0.01 (6). Calibration of A/I averages from Aminozones E and A are provided by U/Th and 14C radiometric ages of 125,000 yr (marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 5e and 2000–6000 14C yr B.P. (MIS 1), respectively. The whole-rock A/I results support periodic deposition initiated during MIS 5e, continuing through MIS 5c, and then peaking at the end of MIS 5a, about 70,000–80,000 yr ago. Oceanographic evidence indicates the area was subjected to much colder conditions during MIS 2–4 (10,000 to 70,000 yr ago), greatly slowing the epimerization rate. Eolianite deposition resumed in the mid Holocene (∼6000 yr ago) up to the present. The A/I epimerization pathway constructed from Rottnest Island shows remarkable similarity to that of Bermuda in the North Atlantic (32° N Latitude). These findings suggest that, like Bermuda, the eolian activity on Rottnest occurred primarily during or shortly after interglacial highstands when the shoreline was near the present datum, rather than during glacial lowstands when the coastline was positioned 10–20 km to the west.

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35

Trembath, D. F., and S. Fearn. "Body sizes, activity times, food habits and reproduction of brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) (Serpentes:Colubridae) from tropical north Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 56, no. 3 (2008): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo08008.

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Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) are medium to large colubrid snakes that are relatively common within the eastern and northern parts of tropical Australia. An invasive population on Guam in the western Pacific has resulted in B. irregularis being one of the most studied snakes on earth. However, no field studies have ever been conducted on Australian populations. During a seven-year period we collected data on 265 field-caught specimens in north Queensland. These snakes were from three populations and provided data on body sizes, activity times, food habits and reproduction. B. irregularis were found to attain larger body sizes in the Wet Tropics populations than in the Townsville and Magnetic Island populations. More snakes were encountered during the wet and warm season than during the dry and cool season. Sexual size dimorphism was not detected in any population. The diet included a wide range of vertebrates. Reproductive data were scant from the populations examined.

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36

Khadijah, N. H. Soekamto, Firdaus, and Y. M. Syah. "Total Content of Phenol and Antioxidant Activity from crude extract Methanol of brown algae (Padina sp) collected from Kayoa Island, North Maluku." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1899, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1899/1/012034.

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37

Kos'ko, M., and E. Korago. "Review of geology of the New Siberian Islands between the Laptev and the East Siberian Seas, North East Russia." Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series 4 (September 17, 2009): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/smsps-4-45-2009.

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Abstract. The New Siberian Islands comprise De Long Islands, Anjou Islands, and Lyakhov Islands. Early Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments and igneous rocks are known on the De Long Islands. Cambrian slate, siltstone, mudstone and silicified limestone occur on Bennett Island. Ordovician volcanogenic turbidites, lavas, and small intrusions of andesite-basalt, basalt, dolerite, and porphyritic diorite were mapped on Henrietta Island. The igneous rocks are of calc-alkaline island arc series. The Ordovician age of the sequence was defined radiometrically. Early Paleozoic strata were faulted and folded presumably in the Caledonian time. Early Cretaceous sandstone and mudstone are known on Bennett Island. They are overlain by a 106–124 Ma basalt unit. Cenozoic volcanics are widespread on the De Long Islands. Zhokhov Island is an eroded stratovolcano. The volcanics are mostly of picrite-olivine type and limburgite. Radiometric dating indicates Miocene to Recent ages for Cenozoic volcanism. On the Anjou islands Lower-Middle Paleozoic strata consist of carbonates, siliciclastics, and clay. A Northwest-southeast syn-sedimentary facies zonation has been reconstructed. Upper Paleozoic strata are marine carbonate, clay and siliciclastic facies. Mudstone and clay predominate in the Triassic to Upper Jurassic section. Aptian-Albian coal bearing deposits uconformably overlap lower strata indicating Early Cretaceous tectonism. Upper Cretaceous units are mostly clay and siltstone with brown coal strata resting on Early Cretaceous weathered rhyolite. Cenozoic marine and nonmarine silisiclastics and clay rest upon the older units with a transgressive unconformity including a weathering profile in the older rocks. Manifestations of Paleozoic and Triassic mafic and Cretaceous acidic magmatism are also found on these islands. The pre-Cretaceous structure of the Anjou islands is of a block and fold type Late Cimmerian in age followed by faulting in Cenozoic time. The Lyakhov islands are located at the western end of the Late Cimmerian South Anyui suture. Sequences of variable age, composition, and structural styles are known on the Lyakhov Islands. These include an ancient metamorphic sequence, Late Paleozoic ophiolitic sequence, Late Mesozoic turbidite sequence, Cretaceous granites, and Cenozoic sediments. Fold and thrust imbricate structures have been mapped on southern Bol'shoi Lyakhov Island. North-northwestern vergent thrusts transect the Island and project offshore. Open folds of Jurassic–Early Cretaceous strata are characteristic of Stolbovoi and Malyi Lyakhov islands. Geology of the New Siberian Islands supports the concept of a circum Arctic Phanerozoic fold belt. The belt is comprised of Caledonian, Ellesmerian, Early Cimmerian and Late Cimmerian fold systems, manifested in many places on the mainland and on islands around the Arctic Ocean. Knowledge of the geology of the New Siberian Islands has been used to interpret anomalous gravity and magnetic field maps and Multi Channel Seismic (MCS) lines. Two distinguishing structural stages are universally recognized within the offshore sedimentary cover which correlate with the onshore geology of the New Siberian Islands. Dating of the upper structural stage and constituent seismic units is based on structural and stratigraphic relationships between Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic units in the archipelago. The Laptev Sea–western East Siberian Sea seismostratigraphic model for the upper structural stage has much in common with the seismostratigraphic model in the American Chukchi Sea.

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38

Larson, Ronald J., and Daphne G. Fautin. "Stauromedusae of the genus Manania (= Thaumatoscyphus) (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in the northeast Pacific, including descriptions of new species Manania gwilliami and Manania handi." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 1543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-219.

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Manania gwilliami n.sp. and Manania handi n.sp., stauromedusae belonging to the family Depastridae, are described from the west coast of North America. They are differentiated from the one species of the genus previously known from that area, M. distincta (Kishinouye, 1910) by shape, color, habitat, and geographic range. Specimens of M. gwilliami are generally red and those of M. handi are green; both lack the dark brown herringbone patterning of M. distincta medusae. Manania gwilliami is widely distributed from Mexico to Canada in exposed shallow-water coastal habitats, whereas M. handi has been found only off the San Juan Islands and Vancouver Island in protected shallow water. The occurrence of M. distincta in the northeast Pacific has been sporadic. The name Manania is a senior synonym of Thaumatoscyphus.

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39

Hartten, Leslie M., Christopher J. Cox, Paul E. Johnston, Daniel E. Wolfe, Scott Abbott, H. Alex McColl, Xiao-Wei Quan, and Matthew G. Winterkorn. "Ship- and island-based soundings from the 2016 El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) field campaign." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 2 (June 20, 2018): 1165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1165-2018.

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Abstract. As the 2015/2016 El Niño was gathering strength in late 2015, scientists at the Earth System Research Laboratory's Physical Sciences Division proposed and led the implementation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) Field Campaign. ENRR observations included wind and thermodynamic profiles of the atmosphere over the near-equatorial eastern central Pacific Ocean, many of which were collected from two field sites and transmitted in near-real time for inclusion in global forecasting models. From 26 January to 28 March 2016, twice-daily rawinsonde observations were made from Kiritimati (pronounced Christmas) Island (2.0° N, 157.4° E; call sign CXENRR). From 16 February to 16 March 2016, three to eight radiosondes were launched each day from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown (allocated call sign WTEC) as it travelled southeast from Hawaii to service Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys along longitudes 140 and 125° W and then north to San Diego, California. Both the rapid and remote nature of these deployments created particular difficulties in collecting and disseminating the soundings; these are described together with the methods used to reprocess the data after the field campaign finished. The reprocessed and lightly quality-controlled data have been put into an easy-to-read text format, qualifying them to be termed Level 2 soundings. They are archived and freely available for public access at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in the form of two separate data sets: one consisting of 125 soundings from Kiritimati (https://doi.org/10.7289/V55Q4T5K), the other of 193 soundings from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown (https://doi.org/10.7289/V5X63K15). Of the Kiritimati soundings, 94 % reached the tropopause and 88 % reached 40 hPa, while 89 % of the ship's soundings reached the tropopause and 87 % reached 40 hPa. The soundings captured the repeated advance and retreat of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) at Kiritimati, a variety of marine tropospheric environments encountered by the ship, and lower-stratospheric features of the 2015–2016 QBO (quasi-biennial oscillation), all providing a rich view of the local atmosphere's response to the eastern central Pacific's extremely warm waters during the 2015/16 El Niño.

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40

Wallis, MG, DJ Horne, and AS Palmer. "Water repellency in a New Zealand development sequence of yellow brown sands." Soil Research 31, no. 5 (1993): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930641.

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A series of sands on the west coast of the lower North Island, New Zealand, were studied to investigate the effects of time, topography and vegetation cover upon the development of soil water repellency. Severe repellency was measured with the molarity of ethanol droplet (MED) index in the Waitarere and Motuiti dune phase sands, of age <130 years and c. 500 years respectively. In each dune phase, the dune sands were more repellent than the lower lying soils of the sand plains. Low or zero MED values were measured in the 1600-6000 year old Foxton dune phase sands and 10 000-25 000 year old Koputaroa dune phase sandy loams under either pasture or native bush. There was no consistent relationship between bush or pasture cover and repellency severity in the Foxton and Koputaroa soils, however, the species composition of the pasture and bush differed. The Waitarere sand was the most repellent soil, despite a low organic carbon content. The carbon content profiles of most of the soils did not appear to be related to the respective MED profiles of repellency severity. The MED values of the surface layer from five dune sands were generally related inversely to the fulvic acid (FA) content and proportionally to the humic acid to fulvic acid ratio (HA/FA), which were measured in a previous study. The pH of the five soils ranged from 5.61 to 6.89, with no apparent relationship between pH and MED. A study of soil water content indicated that repellency reduced rainfall infiltration into the Waitarere and Motuiti sands and the Himatangi sand, found on elevated sand plains. The most severely repellent sands had the greater variability in soil water content after rainfall.

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41

Peters, Rick D., Tharcisse Barasubiye, and Joanne Driscoll. "Dry Rot of Rutabaga Caused by Fusarium avenaceum." HortScience 42, no. 3 (June 2007): 737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.737.

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The rutabaga, also known as the swede turnip, is grown on ≈2000 ha in Canada. During the spring of 2006, a grower in Prince Edward Island noticed an advanced level of decay in his stored rutabagas (cv. Thompson Laurentian). About 80% of the stored crop was affected. Lesions on the surface of affected roots were circular to ovate and ranged in size from 10 to 50 mm. The lesions were light brown, with dark borders and some concentric zones evident near the perimeter of the affected tissue. Root tissue within the lesions was shrunken and often wrinkled. Sectioning the root through the lesion revealed an internal advancing dry rot, with an irregular border and cavities that contained white mycelium. Isolation from diseased tissues yielded fungal cultures, which were determined to be Fusarium avenaceum using morphological and molecular criteria. Successful completion of Koch's postulates determined that F. avenaceum was indeed the causal agent of rutabaga dry rot. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of F. avenaceum causing disease in rutabaga in Prince Edward Island, and likely only the second observation of its occurrence in North America. Dry rot, incited by F. avenaceum, may need to be considered as part of the spectrum of postharvest pathogens of rutabaga.

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42

Volonterio, Odile, and Paul E. Brewin. "A new species ofAllogenus(Tricladida, Maricola, Uteriporidae) from South Georgia, Sub-Antarctica." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, no. 2 (December 4, 2013): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413001628.

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South Georgia is a remote sub-Antarctic island, considered a marine biodiversity ‘hotspot’ in the Southern Ocean. During a survey along the north coast of South Georgia several marine planarians were found. One of the specimens was a new species ofAllogenus(Uteriporidae), which is described here asAllogenus sluysisp. nov. The new species has the characteristics of the genus and can be distinguished from the type and only known species,Allogenus kerguelensis, by its smaller size, blackish-brown pigmentation, presence of three retinal cells in each eye cup, position of its testes half-way between the ventral and dorsal body surfaces or at a slightly more ventral position, and by having an ejaculatory duct that opens centrally at the tip of the penis papilla. The presently known geographical distribution ofAllogenus, the heterogeneous marine planarian species composition in South Georgia, and the distribution of these species in this region are in agreement with a previously proposed vicariance hypothesis, albeit that dispersal cannot be ruled out.

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Pitt, G. M., L. E. Kuryiowicz, and IP F. Campbell. "EAST SPAR FIELD—FROM DISCOVERY TO SALES." APPEA Journal 36, no. 1 (1996): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95002.

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The East Spar field is located 40 km west of Barrow Island on the North West Shelf, offshore WA, and contains 23.6 G.m3 (834 Bscf) of proven and probable wet gas in-place in the Early Cretaceous Barrow Group. The trap is structural, but with negligible time closure.At the time of the discovery and early appraisal of East Spar in late 1993, a rapid deregulation of the gas market was taking place. In combination with the concept of a gas pipeline to the central WA Goldfields region, a marketing 'window of opportunity' was created for the East Spar field, if the development could be crystallised in the available period of 9 months. This required appraisal drilling, geotechnical studies, reservoir engineering and facilities engineering to be advanced on parallel fronts, with close co-ordination and communication be tween all disciplines.The concept of an alliance between the East Spar Joint Venture and the engineering/construction contractors was identified as a way of retaining flexibility to alter the development concept during this period, and provide other benefits during the subsequent construction phase. This alliance was ultimately formed to include representatives from WMC (on behalf of the East Spar Joint Venture (ESJV)), Kvaerner-R J Brown and dough Engineering.The East Spar facilities will comprise a subsea completion and gathering system, with all produced fluids being piped to processing facilities on Varanus Island. The treated gas will then be transported to the mainland via the existing sales gas pipeline to the onshore Dampier to Bunbury pipeline, which connects with the Goldfields Gas pipeline. The condensate will be exported from Varanus Island by tanker. First sales are expected in October 1996

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44

Akbar, Nebuchadnezzar, Irmalita Tahir, Abdurrachman Baksir, Rustam E. Paembonan, and Firdaut Ismail. "Morphologies description of Halmahera epaulette shark endemic species (Hemiscyllium halmahera, Allen & Erdmann, 2013) in North Maluku Sea." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 19, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v19i2.494.

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Halmahera Epaulette Shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera) is an endemic fish in the North Maluku sea. This species was first discovered in two spots of Halmahera waters namely Ternate and Bacan in 2013. Halmahera Epaulette Shark research was continue in Weda and Kao Bay in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Those previous studies, however, did not reveal the morphological description of this species in the other part of the Halmahera Islands. This research was made to enhance the information about this species from the other part of Halmahera waters with a purpose to describe the morphology of Halmahera epaulette shark. The study was carried out in remote areas of Loleo, Tidore, Maitara, Mare, and Lelei Island in 2018. Photos of fish were documented, some meristic and morphometric characters and body weigt were measured. Halmahera epaulette shark has many local names. Observation results showed that many dark brown spots with different patterns and shapes were present with 0.5-1.2 cm in diameter. The total and standard lengths were 40-63 cm and 35-55 cm, respectively. Head length and head width ranged from 7-12 cm and 3-6 cm, respectively. The head height ranged from 9-10 cm. The body circumference of fish ranged between 11-24 cm. Pectoral fins length ranged from 4-6 cm. The dorsal fin length ranged from 5-6 cm. The lower tail length ranged from 4-6 cm. The upper tail length ranged from 4-6 cm. Fish mouth type is subterminal with pointed teeth.

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VIIDALEPP, JAAN, AARE LINDT, and HONGXIANG HAN. "Pelagodes cancriformis, a new emerald moth species from the north of Thailand, Laos and southern China (Lepidoptera, Geometridae: Geometrinae)." Zootaxa 3478, no. 1 (September 11, 2012): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.38.

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Guenée (1858) described the genus Thalassodes for T. pilaria Guenée from Loyality Island (Tahiti) and some allied species. Prout (1912) revised the genus, listing 32 taxa from the Old World, and later (Prout 1933) listed forty species and divided Thalassodes into four unnamed sections according to habitus and structure of the male legs. Holloway (1996) divided Thalasssodes into three genera using genitalic charactersa and grouped 16 species in genus Pelagodes Holloway (type species: Thalassodes aucta Prout, 1912). Scoble (1999) attributed 22 species to the genus. Later, Inoue (2003, 2005, 2006) revised collections from the Oriental region, describing ten additional species and a further distinct genus, Reniformvalva Inoue, 2006. Han and Xue (2011) added four new species to Pelagodes and found external similarities between P. clarifimbria and moths from Hainan in China, but postponed any differentiation due to limited material. Lindt, while identifying his emerald moths collected in Laos, noticed genitalic differences between brown-fronted Pelagodes specimens from Laos and Thailand, which are allopatric in Thailand. Here we present a comparative description of P. clarifimbria and a new species P. cancriformis. Institutional acronyms are as follows:. EMNH, Estonian Museum of Natural History, Tallinn, Estonia. IZBE, formerly in Institute of Zoology and Botany of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, now deposited in Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia. IZCAS, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

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46

Mateo, Paula, Gerta Keller, Thierry Adatte, André M. Bitchong, Jorge E. Spangenberg, Torsten Vennemann, and Christopher J. Hollis. "Deposition and age of Chicxulub impact spherules on Gorgonilla Island, Colombia." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 1-2 (June 17, 2019): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35287.1.

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AbstractThe end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 Ma) has long been associated with the Chicxulub impact on the Yucatan Peninsula. However, consensus on the age of this impact has remained controversial because of differing interpretations on the stratigraphic position of Chicxulub impact spherules relative to the mass extinction horizon. One side argues that the impact occurred precisely at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, thus coinciding with the mass extinction; the other side argues that the impact predated the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, based on the discovery of primary impact spherules deposits in NE Mexico and Texas near the base of planktic foraminiferal zone CF1, dated at 170 k.y. before the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. A recent study of the most pristine Chicxulub impact spherules discovered on Gorgonilla Island, Colombia, suggested that they represent a primary impact deposit with an absolute age indistinguishable from the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Here, we report on the Gorgonilla section with the main objective of evaluating the nature of deposition and age of the spherule-rich layer relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.The Gorgonilla section consists of light gray-yellow calcareous siliceous mudstones (pelagic deposits) alternating with dark olive-brown litharenites (turbidites). A 3-cm-thick dark olive-green spherule-rich layer overlies an erosional surface separating Maastrichtian and Danian sediments. This layer consists of a clast-supported, normally graded litharenite, with abundant Chicxulub impact glass spherules, lithics (mostly volcanic), and Maastrichtian as well as Danian microfossils, which transitions to a calcareous mudstone as particle size decreases. Mineralogical analysis shows that this layer is dominated by phyllosilicates, similar to the litharenites (turbidites) that characterize the section. Based on these results, the spherule-rich layer is interpreted as a reworked early Danian deposit associated with turbiditic currents. A major hiatus (>250 k.y.) spanning the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and the earliest Danian is recorded at the base of the spherule-rich layer, based on planktic foraminiferal and radiolarian biostratigraphy and carbon stable isotopes. Erosion across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary has been recorded worldwide and is generally attributed to rapid climate changes, enhanced bottom-water circulation during global cooling, sea-level fluctuations, and/or intensified tectonic activity. Chicxulub impact spherules are commonly reworked and redeposited into younger sediments overlying a Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary hiatus of variable extent in the Caribbean, Central America, and North Atlantic, while primary deposits are rare and only known from NE Mexico and Texas. Because of their reworked nature, Gorgonilla spherules provide no stratigraphic evidence from which the timing of the impact can be inferred.

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47

Castillo-Caballero, Pedro Luis, Claudio M. Monteza-Moreno, Oscar Johnson, and George R. Angehr. "FIRST ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF BIRDS OF JICARÓN AND JICARITA: THE SOUTHERNMOST ISLANDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA." Tecnociencia 22, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48204/j.tecno.v22n2a7.

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The Isthmus of Panama, the narrowest land bridge between North and South America, is surrounded by a large number of islands (>1500) relatively close to the mainland. However, despite the potential role Panamanian islands have for the conservation of bird species, most avian surveys are conducted on the mainland. The islands of Jicarón and Jicarita, located in Coiba National Park, are of particular interest because these are the southernmost islands in the Republic of Panama. Additionally, previous avian surveys were restricted to Coiba Island, the largest of the park, leaving the avifauna in the rest of the islands poorly known. Here, we provide the first annotated checklist of birds for the islands of Jicarón and Jicarita, where we documented 115 and 53 species, respectively. Of these 23 species represent new records for the park. Further, we documented 10 endemic subspecies and 29 migratory species, of which 7 are warblers. The most frequently observed species were Brown-backed Dove (Leptotila plumbeiceps battyi), Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) and Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola). We highlight some species of interest and discuss the potential role of these islands for conservation.

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48

Sellanes, Javier, Richard A. Salisbury, Jan M. Tapia, and Cynthia M. Asorey. "A new species of Atrimitra Dall, 1918 (Gastropoda: Mitridae) from seamounts of the recently created Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park, Chile." PeerJ 7 (December 20, 2019): e8279. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8279.

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We describe Atrimitra isolata sp. n. (Gastropoda: Mitridae), collected on the summit of seamounts (~200 m water depth) in the vicinity of Desventuradas Islands, Chile insular territory. Additionally, we provide some insight into the habitat of this new species based on underwater imagery taken with a remotely operated vehicle. A. isolata sp. n. is characterized by its small size (up to 26 mm), elongate-ovate shape, solid shell and smooth appearance. It has a base brown color, with some specimens being tan or yellow. It is morphologically related to counterparts from shallow depths on the west coast of North, Central and South America (i.e., Atrimitra idae, Atrimitra orientalis and Atrimitra semigranosa), but has no affinities with species of the family reported from around Easter Island, on the far western side of the Salas y Gómez ridge (e.g., Strigatella flavocingulata, Imbricariopsis punctata and Neocancilla takiisaoi), or with other Indo-Pacific species. The present contribution adds to the knowledge of the poorly studied fauna of the seamounts in the southern portion of the Nazca ridge and easternmost section of the Sala y Gómez ridge, an area characterized by the high degree of endemism of its benthic fauna, and now protected within the large and newly created Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park.

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49

Davenport, John. "Note on the Trophic Relationships of the Stauromedusa Haliclystus Antarcticus from Subantarctic South Georgia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 2 (May 1998): 663–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400041709.

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Stauromedusae are cnidarians that have attracted relatively little ecological study, especially in the southern hemisphere. They are Scyphozoa that develop directly from the scyphistoma, and each consists of a calyx and a more or less distinct aboral peduncle that attaches to the substratum by an adhesive disc. The animals are mobile on the substratum, but have no pelagic phase. The present note originates from observations made on stauromedusae living in intertidal and shallow subtidal waters at Husvik Harbour, South Georgia (54°11′S 38°40′W) in early 1994. The species concerned was identified from Kramp (1961), Carlgren (1930) and Pfeffer (1889) as Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer, 1889. This species has attracted little previous study. The most detailed anatomical description was given by Carlgen (1930), while distributional details are given in O'Sullivan (1982) who followed Pfeffer (1889); at present there is no evidence that the species occurs other than at South Georgia.Medusae were found on two substrata. Large animals (~30mm high, inconspicuous dark brown in colour) were found on the underside of boulders at extreme low spring tide level in a bay on the north of Husvik Harbour about 1·2 km from the whaling station and close to Brain Island. Locally they were common, often being close enough to touch one another. Smaller animals (pink-orange in colour; cryptic on the macroalga) were found attached to the brown macroalga Desmarestia menziesii J. Aghardh (Phaeophyceae) collected at low-water spring tide level from Kanin Point on the southern shore of the harbour. Medusae on boulders were briefly emersed on particularly low tides: they collapsed, hanging from the peduncle, when out of water, but did not risk desiccation as their habitat was wet and not exposed to the sun.

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50

Watson, RA, CT Turnbull, and KJ Derbyshire. "Identifying tropical penaeid recruitment patterns." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 1 (1996): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960077.

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Knowledge of recruitment patterns is a requisite for modern fisheries management. These patterns can range in complexity from a single pulse of identically sized and aged prawns, which is often assumed in fisheries models, to continuous recruitment by prawns of several ages. Existing techniques used to identify recruitment patterns range from the ad hoc use of size limits to more complex methods that examine changes in length-frequency modes through time. A model that allowed variable growth of individuals was used to simulate monthly length-frequency fisheries data from a range of recruitment patterns of varying complexity. The effectiveness of a range of methods to identify these underlying recruitment patterns was examined. Length-frequency survey data from tropical penaeid fisheries for Penaeus esculentus, the brown tiger prawn, in two locations off north-eastem Australia (Torres Strait and Turtle Island Group) were also subjected to these methods. Methods that employed simple truncation by length successfully identified simple recruitment patterns but were not effective for multi-age recruitment patterns. Only the length-cohort and age-cohort methods could identify the presence of older recruits in multi-age patterns. All methods were sensitive to estimates of growth parameters, particularly the cohort-based methods. Results suggest that P. esculentus from the two fisheries examined had different recruitment patterns requiring different management approaches.

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