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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "North Bengal region"

1

Sam, Koyel, and Dr Namita Chakma. "An Inter-Block Level Analysis of Regional Disparity in the Youngest Alipurduar District of West Bengal." Space and Culture, India 3, no. 3 (March 26, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v3i3.159.

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Alipurduar (also known as ‘Dooars’) was a subdivision of Jalpaiguri district before its emergence as the new 20th district of West Bengal on 25 June 2014. The districts of North Bengal (including Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur and Malda) have been poorly placed in comparison to the state of West Bengal, in terms of Human Development Indicators: low literacy level, poor condition in sanitation, and partly availability of electricity and safe drinking water (Report on Comparative Backwardness of North Bengal Region, Government of India, 2002). Research on regional disparity is essential for addressing the lacuna in the planning process of development (Sen, 2001). In the present study, an analysis has been made in terms of the inter-block inequality in socio-economic and infrastructural development of Alipurduar district as a newly emerged region.
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2

Roy, Subhas Chandra, Dipayan Rakshit, and Sandeepan Sengupta. "Evaluation of genetic variation among fourteen rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties (Landraces) of North Bengal using morphological traits." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 4, no. 1 (2010): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2010.v04i01.006.

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The Northem region (North Bengal) of West Bengal possesses a rich genctic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L).This region is known for growing one important rice variety Tulaipanji with GI number in the district of North Dinajpur and many other varieties of local landraces with tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A considerable range of diversity and variation exists among the genetic resources of rice landraces of North Bengal. Prominent fourteen (14) landraces such as Sadanunia, Kalonunia, Dhepi, Banni, Dudkalam, Malsira, Lalpanati, Bhadoi, Ashami, and Gobindabhog, Enda, Chenga, Katharibhog, Tulaipanji are known for their special quality attributes were collected from the different districts of North Bengal. Genetic variation among these landraces was characterized by means of morphological traits such as seed sizes, shape, volume, colour, awn character, surface texture with husk (Microscopic observation) and pericurp colour. The Karl Pearson's simple matching coefficient was used to calculate the genetic diversity among the varieties. Similarity coefficient was ranged from 0.94 to 0.64 with an average of 0.79 among the 14 varieties. Clusier analysis based on genetic similarity of these varieties gave rise to three distinct groups The results suggested that the level of genetic diversity within this group of rice varieties of North Bengal was suficient for brecding programs and can be used to establish genetic relationships among them on the basis of morphological traits.
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3

SINGH, O. P. "Thermodynamical characteristics of monsoon troposphere over the Bay of Bengal." MAUSAM 50, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v50i3.1855.

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Thermodynamical characteristics of monsoon troposphere, especially the lower troposphere, over different regions of Bay of Bengal has been studied utilising the radiosonde data collected by Ocean Research Vessel (ORV) Sagar Kanya during the period 8 July-5 August, 1991. The results reveal the existence of low level inversions over the central and adjoining parts of southern Bay of Bengal between 13.4°-17.2°N and 84.5°- 90.0°E during July-August The lower troposphere upto 850 hPa appears to be absolutely stable over this region of Bay of Bengal. In total contrast, none of the ascents taken over the region north of 17.7°N showed any low level inversion. The lower troposphere over the northern Bay of Bengal where convection develops under favourable synoptic situations in monsoon, was found to be unstable. In July the low level inversion appears to extend far south (upto about 10.3°N) but gets disintegrated over the southern parts of Bay of Bengal with the advance of season. Many ascents over the northern and central Bay of Bengal have shown the occurrence of stable layers near 0° level. In the equatorial Bay of Bengal between 5°-10°N stable layers appear to exist near 400 hPa level and near 850-800 hPa level. The results seem to provide an insight into the pattern of convection over the Bay of Bengal during monsoon.
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Bansod, S. D., S. Fadnavis, and S. P. Ghanekar. "Association of the pre-monsoon thermal field over north India and the western Tibetan Plateau with summer monsoon rainfall over India." Annales Geophysicae 33, no. 8 (August 25, 2015): 1051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1051-2015.

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Abstract. In this paper, interannual variability of tropospheric air temperatures over the Asian summer monsoon region during the pre-monsoon months is examined in relation to Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR; June to September total rainfall). For this purpose, monthly grid-point temperatures in the entire troposphere over the Asian summer monsoon region and ISMR data for the period 1949–2012 have been used. Spatial correlation patterns are investigated between the temperature field in the lower tropospheric levels during May over the Asian summer monsoon region and ISMR. The results indicate a strong and significant northwest–southeast dipole structure in the spatial correlations over the Indian region, with highly significant positive (negative) correlations over the regions of north India and the western Tibetan Plateau region – region R1 (north Bay of Bengal: region R2). The observed dipole is seen significantly up to a level of 850 hPa and eventually disappears at 700 hPa. Thermal indices evaluated at 850 hPa level, based on average air temperatures over the north India and western Tibetan Plateau region (TI1) and the north Bay of Bengal region (TI2) during May, show a strong, significant relationship with the ISMR. The results are found to be consistent and robust, especially in the case of TI1 during the period of analysis. A physical mechanism for the relationship between these indices and ISMR is proposed. Finally the composite annual cycle of tropospheric air temperature over R1 during flood/drought years of ISMR is examined. The study brings out the importance of the TI1 in the prediction of flood/drought conditions over the Indian subcontinent.
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5

Ghosh, Tirthankar. "Rivers, Land and State: Embankment and Ecology in Colonial North Bengal." Studies in People's History 8, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448921999041.

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This article seeks to investigate the mutual relationship between embankment and ecology and colonial policy in the changing dynamics of rivers and land in northern Bengal during the colonial period. Rainfall, floods and economy seem to be the most essential components in the history and politics of embankments in the area, a peripheral region intersected by numerous rivers originating in the Himalayas. The article sets colonial hydrology in North Bengal against the ecological vulnerabilities created by shifts in courses of rivers and by floods as well as embankments.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Nazlee Ferdousi, Md Abubakar Abdullah, Yasuo Sato, Shoji Kusunoki, and Akio Kitoh. "Inter-annual and Decadal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature over Bay of Bengal." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (July 23, 2012): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6516.

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Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the important oceanic parameters controlling the ocean climate. In view of this importance, an attempt was made in this study to examine the inter-annual and decadal variability of SST over the Bay of Bengal. The Bay is divided into three regions namely, i) South Bay, ii) Central Bay and iii) North Bay , during the period 1979-2006. The values of seasonal SST anomaly over these regions of Bay of Bengal are computed for the four meteorological seasons like, Winter (December-February), pre-monsoon (March-May), Monsoon (June-September) and post-monsoon (October-November). The variability of seasonal SST anomaly was examined using various statistical methods, on inter-annual and decadal time scale and the results are inter-compared. The SST anomaly over the above region of Bay of Bengal for all seasons showed an increasing trend except in the North Bay during the period 1979-2006, which showed almost neutral trend. The SST showed an increasing trend more particularly after 1992.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6516 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 296-303
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7

Ghosh, Tirthankar. "Floods and people, colonial north Bengal, 1871–1922." Studies in People's History 5, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448918759855.

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North Bengal is an area of heavy rainfall through which rivers flowing down from the Himalayas have been frequently overflowing and changing their beds in the soft alluvial soil. Floods have, therefore, been a recurring phenomenon, caused by snow-melting and heavy rainfall. The present article is an intensive study of the floods that ravaged north Bengal in a period of over 50 years (1871–1922) during which the ground surface changed with the building of embanked railway lines, other embankments and dams thereby blocking the natural drainage lines of the past. The article also chronicles how the local populations suffered from the constant recurrence and increasing virulence of floods. It thus aims to bring together the information we have on the environmental and the human history of the region for a period of about 50 years of colonial rule.
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8

Kabir, Rubaiya, Elizabeth A. Ritchie, and Clair Stark. "Tropical Cyclone Exposure in the North Indian Ocean." Atmosphere 13, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091421.

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The North Indian Ocean is a region with a high coastal population and a low-lying delta, making it a high-risk region for tropical cyclone impacts. A 30-year period from 1989–2018 has been used to examine the TC landfalling exposure in the North Indian Ocean and its changes by considering 30 years of IBTrACs data, ERA5 atmospheric data, and 20 years of TRMM and DAV data. A total of 185 TCs made landfall in the NIO during the 30-year period with the majority of the TCs making landfall during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Rainfall associated with landfalling TCs decreased in the last 10 years of analysis (2009–2018) compared to the first 10 years of available data from 1999–2008. During the monsoon, TC activity is relatively lower compared to the post-monsoon periods, even though higher accumulated TC-associated rainfall typically occurs during the monsoon period, particularly along the eastern coastlines of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The TC winds impact most of the Bay of Bengal coastline, including Sri Lanka. The spatial distribution of landfalling TCs changes with the season, with most of the landfalling activity occurring during the pre- and post-monsoon periods. Interestingly, more recent TC activity has shifted to the northeast India and Bangladesh coasts, suggesting that these regions may be more vulnerable to TC impacts in the future.
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9

Mukherjee, S., M. Nag, D. Roy, R. K. Paul, and S. A. Mir. "Extraction and Chemical tests on Cicer Arietinum seed collected from North Bengal Region of West Bengal, India." PharmaTutor 6, no. 10 (January 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29161/pt.v6.i10.2018.1.

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10

Paul, Biswajit. "Use of TOPSIS method based on Entropy weights for determining the disparities in the developmental pat-tern: A study of North Bengal region, West Bengal." ENSEMBLE 3, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2021-0301-a005.

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The concept of development is very dynamic, it varies over space and time. The reasons behind this variation or inequality in the development of any region may be natural or anthropogenic or combination of both. It is not reasonable to determine the level of development of any region with only one parameter because it depends on multiple criterion. Thus, making it a necessary consideration to understand the developmental pattern of any region. This paper aims to study the pattern of regional disparities in the districts of North Bengal (West Bengal) in terms of its development. A district level analysis is considered to achieve the aim using 27 selected parameters under three distinct categories namely economic, infrastructural and socio-demographic indicators. Entropy Method is applied to weigh the parameters and finally the districts are ranked according to the performance score obtained by applying the TOPSIS model. A significant inequalities are observed in terms of development between the districts. On the basis of selected parameters Jalpaiguri (CI score 0.703) and Darjeeling district (CI score 0.560) stands at the highest level of development among the six districts of North Bengal and the remaining four falls under the low level of development (below average CI score 0.385).
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Дисертації з теми "North Bengal region"

1

Guin, Deb Prasad. "Ecology and behaviour of Gour (Bosgaurus H Smith) in North Bengal region, West Bengal, India." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/986.

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Sikdar, Bikash Kumar. "Ecology and behaviour of stray dogs ( Canis familiaris) in north bengal region, West Bengal India." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1113.

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Hunt, Joseph Michael. "The political study of nature--socio-ecological transformation of a North Bengal region." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74964.

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Bagchi, kanak kanti. "The Evolution of land-tenure system in the duars region of North Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/244.

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Sengupta, Satyabrata. "Jute cultivation in the North Bengal region of West Bengal - its problems and prospects with special reference to period since independence." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/306.

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Bhowmick, Suvamay. "A Study of agricultural marketing channels in north bengal region with special reference to jute crop." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1394.

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Roy, Subhrajyoti. "Immunopharmacological Investigation of an Edible Fern, Diplazium esculentum (Koenig ex Retz) sw.., Available in North Bengal Region." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2480.

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Dey, Bhowmick Uttara. "Isolation and characterization of environmental aeromonads from North Bengal region with a special emphasis on their drug resistance and virulence genes." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4354.

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9

Mukhopadhyay, Tanmay. "Study of genetic diversity in the threatened ornamental fishes, badis badis ( Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) and Amblyceps mangois (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) from Terai and the Dooars region of North Bengal, India." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2801.

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Das, Chandrani. "Economic and social rights of internally displaced women and children under Indian legal system: a study with special reference to the situation in North Bengal region." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/1825.

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Книги з теми "North Bengal region"

1

Kundu, Nitai. Water resources assessment: Terai Region of West Bengal. New Delhi: Jawahar Publishers & Distributors, 2002.

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d'Hubert, Thibaut. Indo-Afghan Historical Imaginaries and the Romance Genre. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190860332.003.0007.

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In Chapter 6, I take a step back using the conclusions that I reached about the background and nature of Ālāol’s poetics. I use those observations as a lens to look at cultural trends that spread eastward and southward from Hindustan during the Indo-Afghan and early Mughal periods. The Afghan rule in North India has been seen as a major moment in the making of a local Islamicate cultural ethos and development of multilingual literary cultures in South Asia. I observe the legacy in Bengal and the Deccan of the multilingual literary culture that was fashioned at the courts of the Lodis and of other regional polities during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. I come back on what constituted the multilingual literary culture of those courts and focus on the historical imaginary of Indo-Afghan authors, the nature of courtly sociability, and the development of romance as a cross-linguistic genre.
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Частини книг з теми "North Bengal region"

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Roy, Tejashi. "Finding Sustainable Livelihood Strategies Among the Rajbanshi Community of Dooars Region, North Bengal." In Population, Sanitation and Health, 321–41. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40128-2_20.

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Roy, Nirmal Chandra. "Politics of Ethnic Solidarity: A Post-colonial Analysis in Darjeeling Hills and sub-Himalayan Region of North Bengal." In Darjeeling, 241–50. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003362791-18.

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Hannan, Abdul. "Smallholder Tea Economy in Assam and North Bengal." In The Smallholder Tea Economy and Regional Development, 49–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51812-6_3.

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"Backwardness and Political Articulation of Backwardness in the North Bengal Region of West Bengal." In Rethinking State Politics in India, 161–204. Routledge India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203813997-13.

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Jana, Arun K. "Backwardness and Political Articulation of Backwardness in the North Bengal Region of West Bengal." In Rethinking State Politics in India, 153–96. Routledge India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315391465-6.

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Rai, Bishal. "A Critique of Gender Inequality: Study of Education and Health in the North Bengal Region." In Gender Inequality and its Implications on Education and Health, 91–100. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-180-620231009.

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Barker, Graeme. "Central and South Asia: theWheat/Rice Frontier." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0010.

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This chapter intentionally overlaps with Chapter 4 in its geographical scope, as there is no clear boundary between South-West and South Asia. Western Asiatic landforms—mountain ranges, alluvial valleys, semi-arid steppe, and desert—extend eastwards from the Iranian plateau beyond the Caspian Sea into Turkmenistan in Central Asia, and there are similar environments in South Asia from Baluchistan (western Pakistan) and the Indus valley into north-west India as far east as the Aravalli hills (Fig. 5.1). Rainfall increases steadily moving eastwards across the vast and immensely fertile alluvial plains of northern India. The north-east (Bengal, Assam, Bhutan) is tropical, with tropical conditions also extending down the eastern coast of the peninsula and up the west coast as far as Bombay. Today the great majority of the rural population of the region lives by agriculture, though many farmers also hunt game if they have the opportunity. The ‘Eurasian’ farming system predominates in the western part of the region: the cultivation of crops sown in the winter and harvested in the spring (rabi), such as barley, wheat, oats, lentils, chickpeas, jujube, mustard, and grass peas, integrated with animal husbandry based especially on sheep, goats, and cattle. A second system (kharif ) takes advantage of the summer monsoon rains: crops are sown in the late spring at the start of the monsoon and harvested in the autumn. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the main summer or kharif crop (though millets and pulses are also key staples), grown wherever its considerable moisture needs can be met, commonly by rainfall in upland swidden systems and on the lowlands by flooding bunded or dyked fields in paddy systems. The systems are referred to as ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ rice farming respectively. Rice is the primary staple in the eastern or tropical zone receiving the greatest amount of summer monsoon rain. This extends from the Ganges (Ganga) valley eastwards through Assam into Myanmar (Burma) and East Asia. There are something like 100,000 varieties of domesticated Asian rice, but the main one grown in the region is Oryza indica. A wide range of millets is also grown as summer crops in rain-fed systems throughout the semi-arid tropical regions of South Asia, including sorghum or ‘great millet’, finger millet, pearl or bullrush millet, proso or common millet, foxtail millet, bristley foxtail, browntopmillet, kodo millet, littlemillet, and sawamillet.
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8

Aung-Thwin, Michael A. "The Origins of Pegu and Its Founding Fathers." In Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824867836.003.0012.

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The origins of the First Pegu Dynasty began at Muttama (Martaban) in the second half of the thirteenth-century. It was shaped by several “push” and “pull” factors then current in the region, particularly several long-term patterns between the eleventh and sixteenth-centuries, some of which came together only during the second half of the thirteenth, creating a “conjuncture” in Fernand Braudel’s sense, with a direct and indirect impact on the making of the First Kingdom of Pegu. On the north was Pagan, whose decline allowed Lower Myanmar to assert its independence. To the west lay the maritime region of Arakan with its gaze towards both the Bay of Bengal and the interior of Upper Myanmar. Although it had not yet fully integrated the various components that came together subsequently in the sixteenth-century as the Kingdom of Mrauk-U, its underpinning maritime and commercial foundations were already there and operating, which were to affect the history of Pegu. On the other side of the Gulf of Muttama lay Ayuthaya, dominated by Thai speakers who had moved from their earlier centers in northern and central Thailand (the agrarian interior) to the increasingly blossoming commerce of the coasts, a process that was to have an impact on the rise and development of Pegu subsequently. Towards the south lay many port cities such as Htaway (Tavoy) and Myeik (Mergui), which acted as windows to Pegu’s external world and maritime Southeast Asia.
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Sen, Amiya P. "Chaitanya’s Companions, Associates, Devotees, and Followers." In Chaitanya, 89–125. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199493838.003.0004.

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This chapter deals with the way the religious faith and inspiration provided by Chaitanya turned into a successful organized movement, going beyond the frontiers of ethnic Bengal into the adjoining state of Odisha and in specific locales of north India. Broadly speaking, this was carried out over two generations. The first of these was represented by the work of Chaitanya’s most devoted and trusted companions such as Nityananda, Advaita Acharya, Haridas, Gadadhar Pandit, and the well-known ‘Shada Goswamis’ or Six Goswamis, all of whom eventually camped at Vrindavan and spent the rest of their lives in profound scholarship and devotional pursuits. Of these, some were on non-Bengali provenance which itself speaks for the far-reaching and trans-regional appeal of Chaitanya and his movement. The second generation of evangelists such as Narottam, Srinivas, and Shyamananda were post-Chaitanya figures and highly successful in converting their followers into Vaishnavism, including both peasant cultivators and local ruling families.
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Chattopadhyay, Rupendra Kumar. "Geophysical Features of Coastal West Bengal." In The Archaeology of Coastal Bengal, 19–26. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199481682.003.0003.

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The geo-physical features of the vast stretch of land constituting the study area have been delineated in this chapter. The present study area mainly comprises the mature and active delta regions, that is, the modern districts of North and South 24-Parganas, Howrah, Hooghly, parts of Nadia and East and West Midnapur. In addition to the mature and active delta regions, the adjoining upland areas lying to the south and west of the present district of West Midnapur have also being taken into consideration. The geo-physical considerations have led the author to classify the study area into three arbitrary zones. However, these zones should not be viewed as watertight compartments. A sub-section deals with the physiographic features of the three zones. The chapter also discusses coast-line fluctuations and river course change since the seasonal movements of sea water, stagnation of water and subsequent lagoon formation, changes in the courses of the main rivers, and excessive flow from the upper reaches often leading to floods have all influenced the surviving strategies and even the development of settlements in the coastal tract. Changes in river courses in many instances have been instrumental in the survival and spread of sites.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "North Bengal region"

1

Bhavithra, R. S., and S. A. Sannasiraj. "Cyclonic Wave Field in the Bay of Bengal Region Under Changing Climate Scenarios." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79092.

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Abstract Wind-wave plays a major role in the planning and designing of important coastal structures. The study on wave characteristics is considered necessary for the routing of ships, wave hindcasting and forecasting. Climate change is one of the major threat that has been occurring over the years and the impact of climate change on wave climate results in increased storm effects and rough sea conditions. Bay of Bengal (BOB), an active cyclonic region along the North Indian Ocean experiences severe storms every year during the north-east monsoon season. Hence, an understanding of wind-wave climate under cyclonic storms in the BOB region is essential. The present study considers three severe cyclonic storms in the BOB region: Phailin which occurred during October 2013; Hudhud during October 2014; and, Vardah during December 2016. The study further details about the impact caused by these cyclone when projected to the future under the climate change scenarios. The wave climate of the three considered cyclones is projected for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios of RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 under both for the Near-Future (2035) and Far-Future (2075) categories. The domain covering the BOB region is discretized with a resolution of 0.25°x0.25°. The surface wind of the chosen domain for the projected scenarios is obtained from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and then these winds are forced into the WAve Model (WAM) to predict the corresponding wave climate. The significant wave height (Hs) obtained from the WAM model for the projected scenarios has been compared to the present scenario of the respective cyclones and the results show an increase in intensity for all the three cyclones under the Far-Future categories of RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The wave climate under Hudhud cyclone has the greatest intensity of about 21% under the Far-Future category.
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2

Narayanan, Karthick, and Meriaba Takhellambam. "Emerging Role of Libraries in Language Archiving in India A Case Study of SiDHELA." In International Workshop on Digital Language Archives. University of North Texas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12794/langarc1851181.

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SiDHELA is a language archive developed by the Centre for Endangered Languages, Sikkim University in collaboration with the Central Library, Sikkim University. It is the first language archive developed in India. SiDHELA is a model attempt at digital archiving in collaboration with communities of Sikkim and North Bengal region of India. The main highlight of the paper is the possibilities which emerges out of a collaboration between under resourced indigenous communities and an institutional library backed by a language documentation project to curate digital contents for endangered and lesser known languages from under resourced regions like the Northeast of India.
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3

Shamsuzzaman, Muhammad. "Challenges of spatial planning in coastal regions of Bangladesh. A case for Chalna." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mkmg5699.

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The delta land Bangladesh has a unique coastline where numerous rivers meet the Bay of Bengal, creates a complex net of tidal river estuaries, forming the base for world’s largest mangrove forest the Sundarbans. Chalna is small town located at the confluence of Rupsha and Chunkuri rivers, only 9 km north of the Sundarbans, and a well know river port. The Sundarbans, which acts as a buffer between the sea and the human habitats including arable lands. The forest is rich in unique biodiversity and natural resources providing livelihoods of a large number of people living in the towns and villages around it. As the region is near the sea and land morphology is plain and of low altitude it is always vulnerable to natural disasters. Due to global warming and sea level rising the land mass is vulnerable to flooding. The sign of climate change; erratic behavior of rainfall and draught, intrusion of salinity etc., are changing the usual pattern of agriculture and fishing, affecting the livelihoods of the people here. The eco system of this mangrove forest is also threatened by recent policies of the Government and initiatives of private sectors of establishing high risk industrial establishments like thermal power plant, liquid petroleum gas stations etc., around Chalna and its surrounding region in sprawling manner. The potential of running large number of vessels through the rivers and canals of the Sundarbans might have negative impacts of the flora and fauna living there. Popular protests against these harmful interventions are being observed, international public organizations and concerned learned societies are also recommending not let these damaging developments going on. Although there are some promises from the government to the international agencies, there is no sign of management of such developments. This paper systematically investigates the reasons of this phenomenon, identifies the challenges and concludes that; absence of regional spatial planning in Bangladesh, neglecting the values of environment and public goods, defying the regulations in various ways and not accounting public opinions in the decision making process are the core ones.
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